369:
738:
730:
341:
788:
796:
772:
780:
1010:
2480:
2470:
66:
48:
754:
660:, Jarai villages suffered the struggle between US military and communist guerrilla. By 31 October 1970, US military ordered a massive resettlement of highlander villages saying that they were "insecure". At the same time, US Evangelists entered in contact with Jarai people and published Bibles in their language (excluding the Khmer Jarai-Ede). The Jarai-Ede Bibles created some literacy to them, but after the
746:
30:
804:
636:
708:. Although Cambodia has laws to respect and protect the indigenous territories, the law is not applied and powerful individuals and groups profit evict the Jarai communities from their ancestral lands. In Vietnam, some Jarai persons seek for refuge in other countries, crossing the Cambodian territory to escape restrictions of their traditions and cultures.
947:. In contrast to terse political and religious pressure in Vietnam, Buddhism and Jarai Animism have a rather peaceful and harmonious relationship with each other. Some Jarai people in Ratanakiri include Buddhist symbols in their rites and houses and participate in Buddhist ceremonies with their Khmer neighbors, although Buddhism
924:
meant religious restrictions for many people in the country, affecting the ancestral religious traditions of the
Vietnamese Jarai. Vietnam allows only six official religions to be practiced in the country and Jarai Animism is one of those excluded. This has motivated some Jarai to seek for refuge in
862:
of property and/or titles. The mother is the one to take the initiative of the marriage of her daughters and the husband is expected to come to live in the house of his mother-in-law. The intermarriage with persons of other ethnic groups can be common, especially if there is a proximity of villages.
716:
Dega Jarai people has several legends, all settled on the jungles, that are useful to understand their own culture and history. A recurrent element has to see with the stories about three kings: Fire, Water and Wind and a Sacred Sword that came down from heaven to give to the Dega Jarai people great
671:
The Khmer Rouge kept attempting to incorporate Khmer Loeu peoples in their fights against the
Vietnamese and Cambodian central government after its defeat in 1979, but in 1984 there was a campaign to integrate indigenous peoples into the nation, promoting literacy and creating government structures
687:
was to create an independent state in the
Vietnamese highlands, consisting entirely of indigenous people groups. As a result of the movement, the Vietnamese government has become increasingly suspicious of the Jarai. Human rights abuses on the part of the government have become frequent among all
757:
648:
guerrillas took advantage of that disaffection and recruited many Khmer Loeu in their ranks, while in
Vietnam, the US army retook the French tradition to recruit them into military activities in which many Jarai youth participated. It made the Jarai-Ede and many other indigenous groups target of
606:
colony in 1893 and the slave trade was abolished, but indigenous peoples were used for the huge rubber plantations. The French contributed to the delimitation of territories inside their
Indochina colonies of Cambodia, Vietnam and Lao. The Ede-Jarai people were mostly divided between Cambodia (a
1077:
The division of the Jarai people between two countries (Cambodia and
Vietnam), creates a progressive development of two distinctive Jarai linguistic groups: Cambodian Jarai and Vietnamese Jarai, the latter uses the Latin Vietnamese script, while Cambodian Jarai remains without a writing system.
1024:
The burial ceremony is extremely expensive and usually entails the sacrifice of water buffaloes and cows. In
Ratanakiri, Jarai people are replacing the sacrifice of large animals with large objects, such as motorcycles. Some deceased persons are buried with their motorbike. If the family of the
899:
that objects, places and creatures possess distinctive spiritual qualities. Jarai
Animism has two main elements: the idea that the Jarai people received the Sacred Sword from Heaven that means wisdom and the spiritual figure of the King of Fire, King of Water and King of Wind. The kings do not
756:
762:
760:
755:
360:
language family. There are no known ancient records of Jarai people in the area. The first reports come from the French colony during the 19th century that demarcated the border between
Vietnam and Cambodia, dividing the Jarai territory and letting a small portion in what is today Ratanakiri
320:
and they make up 23% of the population of
Ratanakiri Province in Cambodia. Both groups, the Cambodian and Vietnamese Jarai, share the same traditions and keep a close relation of cultural interchange, but their language gets the influence of their respectively Khmer and Vietnamese linguistic
761:
643:
After the Independence, Cambodian and Vietnamese governments led programs to teach indigenous peoples their respectively languages and assimilate them into their national societies, but such efforts were met with cultural resistance from most indigenous communities. In Cambodia, the
904:
powers. The Jarai kings attract even persons from other ethnic groups that believe in their influences over the mysteries of the human nature and the souls of all living things. Jarai Animism is strictly linked to the jungle and it includes animal sacrifices to appease the spirits.
1512:
994:) made of fermented rice. It is the moment where children learn ancient stories of the jungles and the ancestral values of the Jarai culture. The music and dance are monotonous and nostalgic, creating a close relation with the jungle, the natural environment of the people.
607:
small part of their territory inside Ratanakiri) and Vietnam Central Highlands, although another theory said that Ede-Jarai people moved into the Cambodian territory during the colonial times, but it is probably that they have inhabited the whole territories for centuries.
763:
321:
environment. A few of khmer Jarai words are borrowed from Khmer and Lao. While trading conversation between Khmer Jarai and Vietnamese Jarai, there can be some perplexity among them. Vietnamese Jarai has a written form in Latin script, but Khmer Jarai does not.
1275:
2011 Page 251 "This site dates from the fifth to first century BCE and it is one of the earliest sites of the Sa Huỳnh culture in Thu Bồn Valley (Reinecke et al. 2002, 153–216); 2) Lai Nghi is a prehistoric cemetery richly equipped with iron tools and weapons,
759:
1292:) 2000 "Right from the early history - before and after the Christian era - over twenty centuries from now, there was a cultural exchange among three major Centres Z Đông Sơn culture in the North, Sa Huỳnh culture in Central and south-eastern Nam Bộ ..."
364:
The Jarai People have inhabited the region of what is today the Vietnamese provinces of Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Đắk Lắk and the Cambodian Ratanakiri Province for many centuries. Research is needed on specifics such as dates and geographical movement.
837:
Small generators are used widely in Dega-Jarai Ratanakiri villages where there is no electricity. Traditional furnishings include benches and kitchen objects crafted from wood and bamboo and modern additions are now found, including beds and TVs.
908:
As typical with most Animist beliefs, surrounding religions threaten the propriety and continuity of those of the Jarai. A negative outside view of their traditional practices has resulted in many efforts to Christianize or secularize them.
626:
The French rulers did not interfere too much with the highland indigenous groups, but considered them an excellent source of personnel for army outposts and recruited large number of Jarai, Khmer Loeu and Degar young men to French forces.
1020:
Traditional Jarai tombs are little huts in which are placed the possessions of the deceased and some offerings. Around the tomb are placed wooden pillars which are topped by crude carvings, some of which represent spiritual guardians.
1028:
After a number of years, the tombs are abandoned. This final ceremony of the abandonment of the tomb marks the point where death becomes final and the deceased spirit is released, thus releasing a widow for remarriage for instance.
717:
powers. The King of Fire, the first one, lives in Vietnam relying his power in religious rites. Dega Jarai means "waterfall" and thus water makes a part of their relates. Some elders say that Jarai people were born at the
827:, one metre above the ground. More durable wooden houses with steel roofs have gained popularity. They are oriented from north to south and built in a place acceptable to the local spirits. Houses are set up according to
578:(Zhànchéng) in Chinese records. The destruction of Champa caused the spread of different tribes in the regions of what is today Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia sharing the same linguistic root like the Jarai People.
388:, it is possible that the Jarai belong to a very ancient migration from the west and central areas of Asia. In a DNA test to some Jarai students in Cambodia in 2017, they presented evidences of belonging to the
834:. A daughter, when married, lives in the house of her mother with her husband and thus her own daughter. A house can be as long as 50 metres. Homes for just the nuclear family are also common in modern times.
470:, 10,000 years ago. The Jarai people have experienced waves of colonization attempts from earlier Han Chinese invasions, to later French colonization, to current majority Vietnamese continued repression.
664:
in 1975, most of the Jarai assistants of the US military, were evacuated from their land to United States. The Khmer Jarai suffered the intense US bombing of their territory in what was called
602:
slave traders. The region where the Ede-Jarai (Rang De) people live today, was conquered by Lao rulers during the 18th century, then by Thai during the 19th. The region was incorporated to the
1544:
356:
Studies about the Jarai people and their culture have mainly focused on their language and were made by evangelical groups seeking conversions. Linguistically, they are related to the
816:
Traditionally, the Ede-Jarai live in small villages numbering 50-500 in population. The villages are laid out in a square, with single occupancy dwellings or communal longhouses (
959:
Music and dance are very distinctive elements of the Jarai culture. The Jarai nights in the villages or inside the house clan are animated by their ancestral music performs with
1537:
672:
similar to the rest of the country. In Vietnam, the Jarai people has suffered under restrictions of religious parties, making that some of them preferred to emigrate.
758:
668:(1969-1970) with the intention to destroy communist sanctuaries, but displacing hundreds of civilians and indigenous peoples that eventually joined the Khmer Rouge.
639:
Two U.S. Air Force Boeing B-52D Stratofortress bombers over Cambodia, 1970 in the Operation Menu that affected many indigenous communities like the Ede-Jarai People.
1443:
David Thomas (1989). A 19th century perception of Chamic relationships. Mahidol University and Summer Institute of Linguistics. Link retrieved on 05.01.2017 from
1491:
372:
Map of the Kingdom of Champa (1380) during the reign of King Che Bunga. The Jarai people are modern descendants of Champa, along with other groups of the region.
1418:
Stringer, Martin D. (1999). "Rethinking Animism: Thoughts from the Infancy of our Discipline". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 5 (4): 541–56.
530:
from approximately the 2nd century through 19th century (1832), before being absorbed and annexed by the Vietnamese state. The kingdom was known variously as
1530:
1379:
Joachim Schliesinger (2015). Ethnic Groups of Cambodia Vol 3: Profile of Austro-Thai and Sinitic-Speaking Peoples. Booksmango, January 11, 2015. Pages 35-37
1984:
1753:
1352:
Indigenous Peoples: Ethnic Minorities and Poverty Reduction, pp. 6–7; "Settlement and agriculture in and adjacent to Virachey National Park", p. 5.
1289:
1875:
1712:
1738:
1400:
Gerald Cannon Hickey (2002). Window on a War: An Anthropologist in the Vietnam Conflict. Texas Tech University Press, 2002 - History - P. 288.
983:
is a composition improvised by the musician in which he tells the challenges of the daily life of the Jarai people while the clan drinks the
1799:
1165:
936:, interacted closely with Jarai communities and converted many to Christianity amidst danger from the impending regime. Resultatively, the
1481:
1499:
1388:
Cambodia Tribunal Monitor (2016). Witness Confirms Execution of Jarai Minority Group. March 21, 2016. Link retrieved on 05.01.2017 from
649:
other enemies. In 1977 a number of 100 Jarai men were tortured and executed by Khmer Rouge cadres in Ratanakiri in a case filed at the
312:. There are approximately 332,558 Jarai speakers. They are the largest of the upland ethnic groups of the Central Highlands known as
1253:
1389:
1977:
1191:
615:
The first Western report about the Jarai comes from Fr. Bouillevaux, a French missionary that made an incursion through the
1285:
368:
1249:
Rodas A. (2017). Cambodian Jarai People. Don Bosco Kep Children Fund. April 30, 2017. Link retrieved on 04.30.2017 from
2514:
820:) arranged around a village center. Often the village centre has a communal house, well, volleyball net and rice mill.
1217:
Khong Dien (2002). Population and ethno-demography in Vietnam. Chiang Mai, Thailand : Silkworm Books, cop. 2002.
2519:
2483:
1970:
1465:
1306:
1233:
Leighton, Marian Kirsch. 1978. Perspectives on the Vietnamese-Cambodia border conflict. Asian Survey 18, 5, 448-458.
1222:
1136:
933:
2447:
1107:
997:
In 1996 Dock Rmah, a prominent Jarai musician living in the United States, received a Folk Heritage Award from the
619:
in 1850 and mentioned about certain "King of Fire", a man of respect belonging to a certain group of people called
1097:
492:
that flourished between 1000 BC and 200 AD. Archaeological sites from the culture have been discovered from the
2437:
1497:
50-page document from "DA Pam No. 550-105 Ethnographic Study Series Minority Groups in the Republic of Vietnam
1557:
2529:
1455:
2378:
1319:
1044:
998:
285:
273:
214:
871:
language family. With the access of many Jarai young people to education in bigger towns or cities like
496:
to Quang Binh province in central Vietnam. The Sa Huynh people were most likely the predecessors of the
226:
2427:
1516:
1515:(69 pages) (October 1965) in the John Campbell Collection (USOM/Office of Rural Affairs, Saigon) @ The
1507:
569:
2524:
1553:
737:
2166:
1993:
2237:
462:
The highland regions of the north of Indochina were settled by humans somewhere between the later
2336:
2005:
1688:
1633:
1112:
729:
1457:
The Barefoot Anthropologist: The Highlands of Champa and Vietnam in the Words of Jacques Dournes
1158:
2306:
1522:
1058:, Chamic, South, Plateau identified by M. Fontaine as related to the languages of the Thiames (
855:
501:
277:
1962:
1390:
http://www.cambodiatribunal.org/2016/03/21/witness-confirms-execution-of-jarai-minority-group/
943:
In Cambodia, Jarai People live together with the Khmer population, a majority of whom embrace
2504:
2194:
1893:
1581:
1496:
1343:
Glover, Ian (2004). Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History. Psychology Press, 2004. P. 96
979:, and various other traditional instruments, many of them made of wood and bamboo. The Jarai
787:
2442:
1655:
650:
480:
317:
242:
8:
1951:
1743:
1733:
561:
393:
340:
203:
155:
90:
1444:
1250:
2432:
2422:
2361:
2262:
2136:
2029:
1915:
1641:
1600:
1486:
1427:
944:
2469:
2356:
2314:
2257:
2081:
2040:
1697:
1461:
1302:
1218:
1051:
913:
705:
679:
movement gained popularity among the Jarai and their Montagnard brethren (Degar is a
661:
389:
357:
206:
2252:
795:
2267:
2247:
2009:
1920:
1608:
1419:
1234:
1071:
1014:
917:
896:
876:
603:
587:
547:
426:
The modern Jarai people can be divided in six subgroups, the last one in Cambodia:
420:
345:
222:
218:
1513:"Ethnographic Study Series: Selected Groups in the Republic of Vietnam, the Jarai"
771:
380:
that include all highlander indigenous peoples along the range mountains from the
2227:
2146:
2018:
1885:
1844:
1831:
1813:
1789:
1678:
1503:
1301:
Higham, C., 2014, Early Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok: River Books Co., Ltd.,
1257:
139:
135:
779:
2473:
2329:
2242:
2217:
2184:
2151:
2086:
2035:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1763:
1717:
1623:
1268:
1087:
1038:
864:
718:
665:
551:
539:
450:
400:
377:
269:
262:
254:
189:
175:
111:
94:
86:
2324:
2222:
2207:
526:
polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern
403:
since the middle of the 19th century, found that Jarai is related to Thiames (
2509:
2498:
2406:
2341:
2289:
2202:
2126:
2121:
2111:
2056:
1758:
1748:
1361:"Settlement and agriculture in and adjacent to Virachey National Park", p. 5.
1063:
1059:
1013:
TV and offerings made to the spirit of the deceased in a small Jarai tomb in
697:
408:
404:
381:
281:
258:
1025:
deceased cannot afford the ceremony, it can be postponed for several years.
696:
In modern times, Jarai people suffered from colonization, land eviction and
2391:
2366:
2279:
2274:
2179:
2141:
2106:
2091:
2023:
1997:
1925:
1784:
1618:
1613:
1591:
1571:
1506:(February 1966) in the United States Armed Forces Manuals Collection @ The
1009:
880:
616:
591:
493:
968:
2396:
2351:
2346:
2284:
2131:
2116:
2101:
2096:
2076:
2061:
1935:
1930:
1907:
1839:
1779:
1673:
929:
859:
854:
through the female line and identifying each person with their matriline
847:
828:
657:
645:
599:
497:
489:
309:
301:
238:
127:
900:
represent political figures, but they are rather spiritual leaders with
2319:
2295:
2232:
2212:
2174:
2156:
2071:
2066:
1821:
1576:
1431:
872:
863:
In Ratanakiri Province, Jarai people intermarriage especially with the
701:
680:
595:
590:
happened around the 4th century A.C., but there were also raids led by
467:
297:
246:
234:
131:
1370:
Indigenous Peoples: Ethnic Minorities and Poverty Reduction, pp. 6–7.
1102:
964:
868:
463:
446:
385:
337:) means "People of the Waterfalls" or "People of the Flowing River".
289:
1423:
1238:
1117:
901:
535:
416:
293:
230:
115:
71:
1047:
991:
976:
892:
879:, intermarriage with other ethnic groups is increasing, creating
851:
683:
word meaning "sons of the mountain"). The goal of the Montagnard
527:
485:
210:
107:
53:
1552:
1992:
1794:
1067:
1055:
1043:
The Jarai language has been classified since 1864 as a Western
972:
948:
824:
745:
518:
505:
412:
305:
29:
2386:
1663:
1092:
937:
921:
684:
676:
523:
313:
250:
803:
586:
Trades between highlanders and lowlanders living around the
1409:
Clymer, p. 11; Sith Samath et al., p. 353; Vajpeyi, p. 127.
960:
831:
1273:
Rethinking Cultural Resource Management in Southeast Asia
988:
928:
At the same time, the incursion of US Evangelists during
635:
721:
and migrated to the south dividing in different groups.
392:
that originates more than 25 thousand years ago at the
97:
as second language in Vietnam and Cambodia respectively
1445:
http://sealang.net/archives/mks/pdf/16-17:181-182.pdf
1251:
http://donboscokepchildrenfund.org/?p=692&lang=en
257:, and many were resettled with their families in the
741:
Jarai man playing the traditional string instrument
1482:Dock Rmah page at North Carolina Arts Council site
241:, many Jarai persons, as well as members of other
484:was a culture in modern-day central and southern
16:Austronesian ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia
2496:
555:
169:
163:
733:Jarai man playing traditional string instrument
700:, especially in Cambodia under a big system of
1032:
951:is generally not practiced in Jarai villages.
1978:
1538:
573:
1159:"Ethnic Minorities, Census of Cambodia 2019"
415:, putting the ancestors of the Jarai in the
932:, like the American missionaries under the
197:
183:
1985:
1971:
1545:
1531:
504:people and the founders of the kingdom of
28:
1129:
891:The traditional religion of the Jarai is
791:Traditional Jarai basket made from bamboo
1008:
802:
794:
786:
778:
770:
752:
744:
736:
728:
634:
610:
367:
339:
284:of central Vietnam and Cambodia and the
1311:
280:language family. It is related to the
225:Provinces, with smaller populations in
2497:
1295:
1139:. General Statistics Office of Vietnam
1137:"Report on Results of the 2019 Census"
675:In the 1950s and 1960s the Montagnard
522:refers to a collection of independent
1966:
1526:
1453:
1320:"Vietnam's Champa Kingdom Marches on"
1189:
1004:
940:translated into Jarai was published.
704:and the deforestation to create huge
1487:Ethnologue report for Jarai language
1286:Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts
411:languages of the ancient kingdom of
40:Regions with significant populations
799:A Jarai woman cutting a banana tree
767:Jarai traditional string instrument
473:
344:Guardian spirit of a Jarai tomb in
34:Jarai people in traditional costume
13:
1460:. University of Washington Press.
1317:
954:
304:and other Pacific Islands such as
14:
2541:
1475:
1171:from the original on 3 March 2024
934:Christian and Missionary Alliance
630:
384:to all the northern areas of the
2479:
2478:
2468:
1271:, Geok Yian Goh, Sue O Connor -
1192:"Vietnam's Bilingual Experiment"
1108:List of ethnic groups in Vietnam
64:
46:
1437:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
691:
1279:
1262:
1243:
1227:
1211:
1202:
1190:Hoang, Lien (April 24, 2013).
1183:
1151:
581:
1:
1123:
783:Recounting the war experience
7:
2464:– Not officially recognized
1081:
1033:Language and writing system
999:North Carolina Arts Council
886:
811:
209:and ethnic group native to
198:
184:
10:
2546:
2050:Austroasiatic (non-Vietic)
1517:Vietnam Center and Archive
1508:Vietnam Center and Archive
1318:Parker, Vrndavan Brannon.
1290:Bảo tàng mỹ thuật Việt Nam
1066:of the ancient kingdom of
1036:
841:
724:
711:
570:Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary
457:
351:
2515:Ethnic groups in Cambodia
2456:
2415:
2377:
2305:
2193:
2165:
2049:
2004:
1944:
1906:
1884:
1868:
1830:
1812:
1772:
1726:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1654:
1632:
1599:
1590:
1564:
1554:Ethnic groups in Cambodia
574:
543:
511:
193:
179:
126:
121:
106:
101:
85:
80:
62:
44:
39:
27:
2520:Ethnic groups in Vietnam
1994:Ethnic groups in Vietnam
1070:, today the province of
914:Vietnamese Reunification
867:, an unrelated group of
858:, which can involve the
662:Vietnamese reunification
253:), collaborated with US
1492:The Far East - Cambodia
1113:Demographics of Vietnam
775:A woman looks at a farm
324:
2307:Sino-Tibetan languages
1454:Hardy, Andrew (2015).
1208:1999 census of Vietnam
1017:
808:
800:
792:
784:
776:
768:
750:
742:
734:
640:
556:
373:
348:
233:northeast Province of
170:
164:
159:
1037:Further information:
1012:
806:
798:
790:
782:
774:
766:
748:
740:
732:
638:
611:Contact with the West
502:Austronesian-speaking
371:
343:
229:), as well as in the
122:Related ethnic groups
850:culture tracing the
651:Khmer Rouge Tribunal
466:(Neolithic) and the
2530:Ratanakiri province
925:foreign countries.
823:Houses are made of
399:The studies of the
394:Mediterranean Basin
386:Indochina Peninsula
272:is a member of the
24:
1502:2011-07-20 at the
1256:2017-12-07 at the
1196:The New York Times
1098:Thủy Xá and Hỏa Xá
1018:
1005:Funeral traditions
945:Theravada Buddhism
916:in 1975 under the
809:
801:
793:
785:
777:
769:
751:
743:
735:
706:rubber plantations
641:
376:Being part of the
374:
349:
261:, particularly in
22:
2492:
2491:
2379:Malayo-Polynesian
1960:
1959:
1902:
1901:
1808:
1807:
1650:
1649:
1045:Malayo-Polynesian
764:
445:Jarai Khmer also
390:Haplogroup T-M184
358:Malayo-Polynesian
286:Malayo-Polynesian
274:Malayo-Polynesian
265:, after the war.
215:Central Highlands
207:indigenous people
145:
144:
2537:
2525:Kon Tum province
2482:
2481:
2472:
2465:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1703:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1597:
1596:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1524:
1523:
1471:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1315:
1309:
1299:
1293:
1283:
1277:
1266:
1260:
1247:
1241:
1231:
1225:
1215:
1209:
1206:
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1582:Khmer Surin
1329:21 November
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436:Jarai Arap.
430:Jarai Chor.
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302:Philippines
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2253:Thái Trắng
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1945:Expatriate
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1124:References
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873:Phnom Penh
702:corruption
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468:Bronze Age
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243:Montagnard
235:Ratanakiri
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1908:Tai–Kadai
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1103:Khmer Leu
869:Mon-Khmer
807:Jarai man
552:Cambodian
546:) in the
516:The term
464:Stone Age
447:bilingual
290:Indonesia
231:Cambodian
202:) are an
81:Languages
2484:Category
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2243:Thái Đen
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2147:Xinh Mun
1931:Tai Nyaw
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1254:Archived
1166:Archived
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1082:See also
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967:such as
902:shamanic
887:Religion
812:Villages
536:Sanskrit
294:Malaysia
245:groups (
140:Filipino
136:Acehnese
116:Buddhism
102:Religion
72:Cambodia
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2248:Thái Đỏ
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1952:Indians
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1706:Central
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1619:Hokkien
1601:Sinitic
1432:2661147
1175:3 March
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893:Animism
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842:Wedding
725:Culture
712:Legends
557:Chăm Pa
544:ចាម្ប៉ា
528:Vietnam
486:Vietnam
458:History
352:Origins
223:Kon Tum
219:Gia Lai
211:Vietnam
171:Gia-rai
165:Gia Rai
108:Animism
54:Vietnam
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1062:) and
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617:Mekong
572:) and
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512:Champa
506:Champa
417:Malayo
413:Champa
407:) and
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331:ចារ៉ាយ
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185:Charay
180:ចារ៉ាយ
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1926:Phuan
1869:Other
1850:Samre
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1739:Kraol
1727:South
1669:Jarai
1664:Chams
1642:Bamar
1614:Hakka
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