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453:, a musician, had confessed, and it was reported that he had been savagely tortured into doing so. Members of the aristocracy and gentry could not legally be tortured. Anne was executed two days later, beheaded by a French swordsman, within the walls of the Tower of London. Anne's poise and courage at the scaffold were much commented upon, and public opinion in the weeks and months after often "made of Anne a persecuted heroine, bright with promise and goodness as a young woman, beautiful and elegant." It is not known whether Jane witnessed the execution of either her husband or her sister-in-law, but the posthumous sympathy Anne aroused in many meant that many of those linked to her fall were cast in the roles of villains. According to Julia Fox, this explains how Jane's actions were construed as being those of a cruel and jealous intriguer.
432: ... Faced with such relentless, incessant questions, which she had no choice but to answer, Jane would have searched her memory for every tiny incident that occurred to her ... Jane had not been quick to tell tales, but she had buckled under the pressure of relentless questioning ... And it was her weakness under interrogation that gave her future detractors—happy to find a scapegoat to exonerate the King from the heinous charge of callously killing his innocent wife—the ammunition to maintain that it was her evidence that had fooled Henry and destroyed Anne and George ...
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their guilt, hence her generally unfavourable historical reputation. A century later, an historian asserted that Jane had testified against them because of her "inveterate hatred" of Queen Anne, which sprang from envy of Anne's superior social skills and George's preference for his sister's company to that of his wife. This assertion is not consistent with the records of the period; not only is there no mention of any serious rift between the couple (and the few mentions of their marriage imply at least a tolerable relationship), but by the time of the death of
413:, Jane Rochford had already rebuilt her reputation at court and been one of the Queen's chief mourners. Georgian and Victorian histories pointed to Jane's execution in 1542 to suggest that moral justice had triumphed because "the infamous Lady Rochford ... justly deserved her fate for the concern which she had in bringing Anne Boleyn, as well as her own husband, to the block". This view of Jane as accuser, despite lacking historical proof, gained traction after her death, and was popularised by subsequent historians.
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386:, is said by contemporaries to have provided the evidence against the Queen and her brother. There was no truth in these rumours, according to the vast majority of contemporary witnesses, but they provided the legal pretext that the Boleyns' enemies needed to bring about the execution of Lord Rochford. Jane was mentioned only once during the trials, when George Boleyn was asked if the Queen had relayed information about Henry's sexual troubles to her.
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women won mild posthumous approval for their behaviour. One eyewitness, a merchant named
Ottwell Johnson, wrote that their 'souls be with God, for they made the most godly and Christian end.' The French ambassador Marillac merely stated that Jane gave a 'long discourse'; Johnson says that she apologised for her 'many sins', but neither man's account supports the later legend that she spoke at length about her late husband or sister-in-law.
496:, but mainly with Thomas Cromwell. The Boleyns eventually allocated her an annual pension of £100, precisely what they had given Mary Boleyn when she had been widowed eight years earlier. It was much less than her previous income, but it was enough to keep her as a noblewoman, which was essential for her return to court, something Jane worked doggedly for. It is unknown when she returned to court, but she was a lady-in-waiting to Queen
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fashion, forcing widows, deflowering virgins ... it has been suggested he indulged in homosexual activity too, but there is no evidence for this, although he may well have committed buggery with female partners." Julia Fox, Jane's most recent biographer, disagrees with both arguments, concluding that the exact nature of the marriage is unclear but suggesting that it was by no means unhappy.
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However, Jane is not shown as hating Anne and so her betrayal of the
Boleyns is motivated by her hatred of George. She befriends Jane Seymour when she becomes Queen, is made her lady-in-waiting and remains a close friend until Queen Jane's death. She remains chief lady-in-waiting, first to Anne of Cleves and then Catherine Howard. She eventually enters into a sexual relationship with
288:, suggests that there is a very remote chance that a Holbein painting represents a likeness of Jane. Meanwhile, she considers "the best impression we can have of Jane Rochford is Holbein’s drawings of an unknown woman in Tudor dress" (pp. 317–319). She was probably considered attractive, given that she was chosen to appear as one of the lead actresses/dancers in the prestigious "
507:, a German princess recommended by Cromwell. However, Henry soon wanted to be rid of Anne, and sought an annulment. In July 1540, Lady Rochford testified that the Queen had confided in her that the marriage had never been consummated. This allowed the king to annul the marriage and marry Catherine Howard, who was related to the Boleyn family through the Howards.
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by
Adrienne Dillard takes a much different tack to previous portrayals. Lady Rochford is shown as a beloved wife and close friend to the Boleyns, her later role in the relationship between Catherine Howard and Thomas Culpeper coming about because of the trauma of her husband's death and the knowledge
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around the year 1505; her family were wealthy, well-connected, politically active and respected members of the
English nobility. Her father was an intellectual, with a great interest in culture and education. She was sent to the royal court in her early teens, certainly before her fifteenth birthday,
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concludes that the marriage was unhappy, principally because of George, although she concludes that the exact nature of his sexuality is difficult to ascertain: " talented young man ... he was very good-looking and very promiscuous. In fact, according to George
Cavendish, he lived in 'bestial'
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The Queen died first, apparently in a weak physical state, although she was not hysterical. Jane was then escorted from her lodgings to the scaffold where she spoke before kneeling on the just-used scaffold. Despite her nervous collapse over the previous months, she was calm and dignified and both
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During her imprisonment in the Tower, Lady
Rochford was interrogated but was not tortured. However, she seems to have suffered a nervous breakdown and by the beginning of 1542 was pronounced insane. Her "fits of frenzy" meant that legally she could not stand trial for her role in facilitating the
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episode, when both she and the queen were executed for treason, and Wyatt's own attempts to exonerate the late Queen Anne. Subsequent generations of historians also believed that Jane's testimony against her husband and sister-in-law in 1536 was motivated by spite rather than any actual belief in
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with a white satin canopy, linen quilts and a yellow counterpane. Beaulieu had initially belonged to the
Boleyns as one of their country retreats before they sold it to the King, who spent over £17,000 lavishly refurbishing and expanding it. In the early 1530s, it became the main residence of his
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playing her husband George. In this version, their marriage is miserable, with both pressured into it by their parents and Jane finding it increasingly humiliating to put up with her husband's affair with Mark
Smeaton. They are shown frequently arguing and there is one incident of marital rape.
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The exact nature of her relationship with her royal sister-in-law Anne is not clear either, and there is no evidence as to what she thought of her other sister-in-law, Mary Boleyn, who had been at court with Jane since they were both teenagers. It has been historically assumed that Jane was not
3048:
Ecclesiae
Restaurata; or, the History of the Reformation of the Church of England: Containing the Biginning, Progress, and Successes of It; ... from the First Preparations to it by King Henry the Eight, Untill the Legal Settling, and Establishment of it Under Queen Elizabeth: Together
510:
Lady
Rochford kept her post as lady-in-waiting, now to Queen Catherine. Queen Catherine's past indiscretions were uncovered in the autumn of 1541, and her private life was investigated. The Queen was first detained in her apartments and then placed under house arrest at
420:, who believes that Jane actually enjoyed a warm and supportive relationship with Queen Anne and that terror of the palace coup against the Boleyns in 1536 provoked Jane's testimony, which in any case was twisted by the family's enemies. In her 2007 book, Fox writes:
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in Essex as their chief residence, which George and Jane decorated with a lavish chapel, a tennis court, a bathroom with hot-and-cold running water, imported carpets, mahogany furniture and their own large collection of silverware. Their marital bed was draped in
2392:. Her portrayal, while consistent with negative depictions of her, also stems from the disrespect and neglect she is shown experiencing from both Anne and George Boleyn, which makes her a ready accomplice to the intrigues of Thomas Cromwell.
2375:, for which there is no known historical basis. She facilitates the affair between Culpeper and Catherine, motivated both by a desire to keep Culpeper (who has a pathological obsession with the young queen) and out of contempt for Catherine.
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of Viscountess Rochford in 1529 when her husband was made a viscount, she was usually known at court (and by subsequent historians) as "Lady Rochford". As the Boleyn family's wealth and influence increased, the couple were given the
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The immediate aftermath of the fall of the Boleyns was hard for her, both socially and financially. The lands which the Boleyns had built up during Anne Boleyn's reign and over the previous four generations, including the titles
500:, so she probably returned within a year of her husband's death. As a viscountess, she was allowed to bring a number of her own servants with her, lodge in the King's palaces, and be addressed as "Lady Rochford".
324:, brother of Anne Boleyn, who later became the second queen of Henry VIII. At this stage, however, Anne was not completely attached to the King, although she was already one of the leaders of fashionable society.
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queen's alleged adultery, but since he was determined to have her punished, the King implemented a law which allowed the execution of the insane for high treason. Jane was thus condemned to death by an
515:, a disused convent. Her confidantes and favourites were questioned and their rooms searched. Lady Rochford was herself detained for questioning, implicated in arranging meetings between the Queen and
2340:) was a minor character. In both these representations, Jane was shown as being a political tool in the hands of her husband's uncle, the Duke of Norfolk, although the presentation of her in
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2288:, which casts Lady Rochford as one of its lead characters and its central villain. It details the final three years of her life and her involvement with Anne of Cleves and Catherine Howard.
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After her husband's execution, Lady Rochford was absent from court for several months. She spent this time securing her financial position by negotiations with her father-in-law,
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called her "wicked wife, accuser of her own husband, even to the seeking of his own blood," in his biography of Queen Anne, but this view would have been informed by the later
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Although it has long been supposed that nothing is recorded of Jane's appearance (and there is no surviving portrait that can be identified as her), her biographer
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Traditionally, George and Jane's marriage has been portrayed as an unhappy one. One modern historian has suggested that George was homosexual. British historian
292:" masquerade at Court in 1522. The seven performers were selected from the ladies of court in large part for their attractiveness, including the King's sister
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sent for Jane, he already had much of what he needed, not only to bring down Anne and her circle, but to make possible the King's marriage to
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title of Viscountess Rochford but without a son she could not benefit from what remained of the Boleyn family fortune. (Modern rumours that
228:. It is possible that she played a role in the verdicts against, and subsequent executions of, her husband and Anne Boleyn. She was later a
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through Jane Boleyn’s marriage to George Boleyn: Catherine Howard’s cousin. Jane had been a member of the household of Henry's first wife,
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Jane Rochford found herself dragged into a maelstrom of intrigue, innuendo and speculation. For when the King's chief minister
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within the Tower of London alongside Queen Catherine, close to the bodies of Anne Boleyn and Jane's husband George Boleyn.
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465:, were to pass through the male line only, and thus were lost to the family with George's death. Jane continued to use the
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The Papers of George Wyatt Esquire, of Boxley Abbey in the County of Kent, Son and Heir of Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger
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3264:. Camden Fourth Series. Vol. 5. Edited for the Royal Historical Society by D. M. Loades. London: Offices of the
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The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct or Dormant
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The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct or Dormant
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to Henry's third and fourth wives, and then to his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, with whom she was executed.
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faith. Four other men were executed alongside him, also accused of having been Anne's lovers. Only one,
358:, Viscount Rochford was given the house to live in, although the deeds were never formally signed over.
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2434:...Jane Parker, the daughter of ....Lord Morley...a distant cousin of the King through the Beauforts...
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Lady Rochford has appeared in numerous novels, especially those on Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard.
544:, and the execution date was set for 13 February 1542, the same day as Queen Catherine's execution.
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The first mention of any tensions between Jane and her husband came long after their deaths, when
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265:. She is recorded as having accompanied the royal party on the state visit to France in 1520, "
296:, Dowager Queen of France. Two of the other performers included Jane's future sisters-in-law,
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of all of the King's children, including her niece-by-marriage, Elizabeth I. She was born in
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2253:'s Shardlake series of murder mystery novels. A larger role is given to Lady Rochford in
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After 11 years of marriage, George Boleyn was arrested in May 1536 and imprisoned in the
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473:, a colourful character, was the child of Jane and George are now thought to be false.)
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on 17 May 1536. His final speech was chiefly concerned with promoting his new-found
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by Brandy Purdy is written from Lady Rochford's viewpoint. She also features in
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Jane was beheaded with a single blow of the axe and was buried in the church of
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The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn: family politics at the court of Henry VIII
396:, Jane Boleyn's sister-in-law and queen of England, Henry VIII's second wife
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Vol. 2. London: Printed for H. Twyford, T. Dring, J. Place, W. Palmer.
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488:, Jane Boleyn's cousin-in-law and queen of England, Henry VIII's fifth wife
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2967:. Second Series. Vol. II (2nd ed.). London: Harding and Lepard.
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382:, accused of having had sexual intercourse with his sister Queen Anne.
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Anne Boleyn: In Her Own Words & the Words of Those Who Knew Her
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overly fond of Anne, allegedly because of Jane's jealousy of her.
2931:
Davies, Catherine (2004). "Boleyn , Jane, Viscountess Rochford".
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where she joined the household of King Henry VIII's first wife,
3128:
Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
3037:. Vol. 1. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 425–429.
253:
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Block, Joseph S. (2004). "Boleyn, George, Viscount Rochford".
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Following Jane Seymour's death, the King subsequently married
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2917:. Vol. X. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 137–142.
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Jane Rochford also appears in the Thomas Cromwell trilogy by
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People executed under the Tudors for treason against England
204:– 13 February 1542) was an English noblewoman. Her husband,
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This negative view of Jane was rejected by her biographer,
3125:
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.).
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Cokayne, George Edward (1949). White, Geoffrey H. (ed.).
2926:. Vol. XI. London: St. Catherine Press. p. 51.
2235:. Jane's character is also mentioned in Wendy J. Dunn's
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Jane is also represented in seasons two to four of the
3088:"Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII"
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As a wedding present, King Henry gave Jane and George
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Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII
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Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII
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2278:, which tells the story of her other sister-in-law,
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248:. Through Margaret, Jane was a distant relation of
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2893:George Boleyn: Tudor Poet, Courtier & Diplomat
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320:In late 1524 or early 1525, she was married to
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3374:Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula
3066:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2937:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2829:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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244:, and Alice St John, great-granddaughter of
535:marking Lady Rochford's place of execution.
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566:Jane Boleyn's relatives (selective chart)
240:Born Jane Parker, she was the daughter of
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384:Elizabeth Somerset, Countess of Worcester
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2415:. Random House, April 2011Page 248-249.
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3063:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3003:Jane Boleyn: The Infamous Lady Rochford
2934:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2826:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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2239:which is based on the life of the poet
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322:George Boleyn (later Viscount Rochford)
286:Jane Boleyn: The Infamous Lady Rochford
157: 1524; died 1536)
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82:Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula
3152:Six Wives: the Queens of Henry VIII
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2243:. Rochford is a minor character in
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2344:was more sympathetic. In the 2003
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3304:Executions at the Tower of London
2872:"Calendar of State Papers, Spain"
2384:, a TV mini-series adaptation of
2348:, Jane was played by Zoe Waites.
185:Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford
3364:People executed under Henry VIII
3309:Prisoners in the Tower of London
3034:Dictionary of National Biography
2346:TV adaptation of Gregory's novel
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471:George Boleyn, Dean of Lichfield
220:to King Henry VIII’s fifth wife
206:George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford
142:George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford
2770:Calendar of State Papers, Spain
2233:The Autobiography of Henry VIII
2217:The Secret Diary of Anne Boleyn
354:, but when she was banished to
242:Henry Parker, 10th Baron Morley
169:Henry Parker, 10th Baron Morley
154:
3294:British courtesy viscountesses
2409:Weir, Alison (18 April 2011).
2402:
2324:, Lady Rochford was played by
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2237:Dear Heart, How Like You This?
441:George Boleyn was beheaded on
267:The Field of the Cloth of Gold
1:
3389:Household of Catherine Howard
3339:16th-century English nobility
3131:(2nd ed.). CreateSpace.
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43:
3299:Executed people from Norfolk
3080:UK public library membership
2951:UK public library membership
2850:Bruce, Marie Louise (1972).
2843:UK public library membership
2332:of Philippa Gregory's novel
531:Sign at the scaffold of the
436:
276:Unknown woman in Tudor dress
246:Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso
7:
3384:Household of Anne of Cleves
3329:Ladies of the Privy Chamber
3233:The Six Wives of Henry VIII
2304:The Six Wives of Henry VIII
374:Role in husband's execution
307:
10:
3407:
3334:16th-century English women
3236:. New York: Random House.
3208:Henry VIII: King and Court
3185:Cambridge University Press
2983:. New York: Summit Books.
2315:portrayed Lady Rochford.
2249:, the third instalment of
254:second cousin once removed
212:, the second wife of King
3379:Household of Jane Seymour
2895:. MadeGlobal Publishing.
2412:Henry VII: King and Court
2336:, Jane Boleyn (played by
2259:The Rose Without a Thorn.
2066:
2050:
2048:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
1946:
1900:
1898:
1872:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
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1480:
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1273:
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1180:
1158:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1107:
1105:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1071:
993:
971:
949:
927:
882:
880:
872:
868:
864:
862:
856:
854:
842:
840:
832:
828:
826:
814:
802:
774:
772:
756:
752:
750:
744:
742:
691:
674:
652:
641:
613:
585:
477:Later political intrigues
316:Lady Rochford's signature
174:
164:
135:
120:
76:
59:
35:
30:
23:
3266:Royal Historical Society
2644:, pp. 190–191, 324.
2395:
2321:2003 TV drama Henry VIII
2282:. One of its sequels is
3090:. British-history.ac.uk
2874:. British-history.ac.uk
2301:In the 1970 BBC series
2225:The Queen of Subtleties
335:. Since she gained the
3324:Executed English women
2943:10.1093/ref:odnb/70799
2911:Cokayne, George Edward
2285:The Boleyn Inheritance
536:
523:Downfall and execution
489:
434:
397:
317:
277:
105:51.508611°N 0.076944°W
3230:Weir, Alison (2011).
2835:10.1093/ref:odnb/2793
2342:The Other Boleyn Girl
2334:The Other Boleyn Girl
2271:The Other Boleyn Girl
530:
484:
422:
392:
315:
275:
208:, was the brother of
3110:. Stroud: Amberley.
3072:10.1093/ref:odnb/557
2386:the historical novel
2198:In fiction and media
1173:Elizabeth de la Pole
110:51.508611; -0.076944
31:Viscountess Rochford
3369:Daughters of barons
3005:. London: Phoenix.
2856:. London: Collins.
2548:, pp. 215–217.
2524:, pp. 137–139.
2448:, pp. 120–121.
678:Catherine of Valois
553:St Peter ad Vincula
263:Catherine of Aragon
226:Catherine of Aragon
101: /
3175:Warnicke, Retha M.
3025:"Anne (1507–1536)"
1561:Catherine d'Aragon
1226:Sybil verch Morgan
645:Margaret Beauchamp
559:Genealogical table
537:
490:
398:
342:Palace of Beaulieu
318:
278:
16:English noblewoman
3104:Norton, Elizabeth
3078:(Subscription or
3060:(2004). "Anne ".
3012:978-0-7538-2386-6
2973:Erickson, Carolly
2949:(Subscription or
2841:(Subscription or
2576:, pp. 33–44.
2460:, pp. 16–20.
2290:The Raven's Widow
2209:Vengeance Is Mine
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2178:
2161:
2144:
1933:
1914:
1891:
1880:
1870:
1822:
1605:
1582:
1565:
1554:
1543:
1532:
1521:
1510:
1499:
1488:
1477:
1258:
1254:Elizabeth of York
1241:
1230:
1219:
1208:
1197:
1188:
1177:
1166:
1155:
1018:
1001:
990:
986:Margaret Beaufort
979:
968:
957:
946:
935:
924:
920:Elizabeth of York
909:
894:
699:
682:
671:
660:
649:
638:
621:
610:
593:
582:
494:Sir Thomas Boleyn
459:Earl of Wiltshire
350:eldest daughter,
182:
181:
84:, Tower of London
67:(aged 36–37)
3396:
3279:
3247:
3226:
3198:
3170:
3142:
3121:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3083:
3075:
3053:
3038:
3016:
2994:
2982:
2968:
2954:
2946:
2927:
2918:
2906:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2867:
2846:
2838:
2809:
2799:
2793:
2783:
2777:
2767:
2761:
2751:
2745:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2623:
2617:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2406:
2276:Philippa Gregory
2185:
2176:
2168:
2159:
2151:
2142:
1940:
1931:
1921:
1912:
1889:
1878:
1868:
1829:
1820:
1818:Catherine Howard
1612:
1603:
1589:
1580:
1572:
1563:
1552:
1541:
1530:
1520:c. 1460 – ?
1519:
1508:
1497:
1495:Elizabeth Howard
1486:
1475:
1265:
1256:
1248:
1239:
1229:C. 1450 – ?
1228:
1217:
1206:
1195:
1186:
1175:
1164:
1162:Elizabeth Tilney
1153:
1025:
1016:
999:
988:
977:
966:
955:
944:
933:
922:
916:
907:
901:
892:
706:
697:
689:
680:
669:
658:
647:
636:
619:
617:Elizabeth de Ros
608:
591:
580:
572:
571:
563:
562:
542:Act of Attainder
486:Catherine Howard
406:Catherine Howard
222:Catherine Howard
203:
200:
196:
158:
156:
116:
115:
113:
112:
111:
106:
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
85:
66:
63:13 February 1542
55:
48:
45:
41:
21:
20:
3406:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3244:
3223:
3195:
3167:
3139:
3118:
3093:
3091:
3077:
3029:Stephen, Leslie
3021:Gairdner, James
3013:
2991:
2948:
2903:
2889:Ridgway, Claire
2887:Cherry, Clare;
2877:
2875:
2864:
2840:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2800:
2796:
2784:
2780:
2768:
2764:
2752:
2748:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2624:
2620:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2568:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2373:Thomas Culpeper
2368:Padraic Delaney
2299:
2229:Margaret George
2227:and briefly in
2205:
2200:
2180:
2175:
2163:
2158:
2146:
2141:
1935:
1930:
1916:
1911:
1888:
1877:
1867:
1824:
1819:
1607:
1602:
1584:
1579:
1567:
1562:
1551:
1540:
1529:
1518:
1507:
1496:
1485:
1474:
1260:
1255:
1243:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1185:
1174:
1163:
1152:
1020:
1015:
998:
987:
976:
965:
954:
943:
942:Alianore Morley
932:
931:John de la Pole
921:
911:
906:
896:
891:
701:
696:
684:
679:
668:
657:
646:
635:
618:
607:
590:
589:Richard of York
579:
561:
533:Tower of London
525:
517:Thomas Culpeper
479:
439:
380:Tower of London
376:
310:
250:King Henry VIII
238:
230:lady-in-waiting
201:
160:
152:
148:
145:
144:
127:
109:
107:
103:
100:
95:
92:
90:
88:
87:
86:
80:
70:Tower of London
68:
64:
50:
49:
46:
42:
39:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3404:
3403:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3248:
3242:
3227:
3221:
3199:
3193:
3171:
3165:
3147:Starkey, David
3143:
3138:978-1461045137
3137:
3122:
3116:
3100:
3084:
3054:
3039:
3017:
3011:
2995:
2989:
2969:
2955:
2928:
2919:
2907:
2902:978-8493746452
2901:
2884:
2868:
2862:
2847:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2794:
2778:
2762:
2746:
2730:
2728:, p. 228.
2718:
2716:, p. 219.
2706:
2704:, p. 218.
2694:
2692:, p. 214.
2682:
2680:, p. 324.
2670:
2668:, p. 259.
2658:
2656:, p. 569.
2646:
2634:
2618:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2550:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2502:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2438:
2421:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2328:. In the film
2313:Sheila Burrell
2298:
2295:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2171:
2169:
2154:
2152:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1932:C. 1508 – 1537
1926:
1924:
1922:
1913:C. 1501 – 1536
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1890:C. 1499 - 1543
1884:
1882:
1879:C. 1503 - 1536
1873:
1871:
1869:c. 1505 - 1542
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1821:C. 1524 – 1542
1815:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1575:
1573:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1542:c. 1484 – 1552
1539:Alice St. John
1536:
1534:
1531:c. 1486 – 1556
1525:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1509:c. 1477 – 1539
1503:
1501:
1498:c. 1480 – 1538
1492:
1490:
1487:c. 1480 – 1528
1484:Joyce Culpeper
1481:
1479:
1476:c. 1478 – 1539
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1251:
1249:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1210:
1207:C. 1465 – 1510
1204:William Parker
1201:
1199:
1196:C. 1463 – 1518
1190:
1181:
1179:
1176:c. 1468 – 1489
1170:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1154:C. 1443 – 1524
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1017:c. 1386 – 1422
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
994:
992:
983:
981:
972:
970:
964:Alice Bradshaw
961:
959:
956:c. 1433 - 1476
950:
948:
945:c. 1442 - 1476
939:
937:
928:
926:
917:
902:
886:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
848:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
734:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
708:
707:
698:c. 1386 – 1422
692:
690:
681:c. 1401 – 1437
675:
673:
670:c. 1400 – 1461
664:
662:
653:
651:
648:C. 1410 - 1482
642:
640:
637:C. 1400 - 1437
634:Oliver St John
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
614:
612:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
586:
584:
578:Cecily Neville
575:
568:
567:
560:
557:
524:
521:
505:Anne of Cleves
478:
475:
463:Earl of Ormond
438:
435:
375:
372:
356:Hatfield House
337:courtesy title
329:Grimston Manor
309:
306:
237:
234:
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28:
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15:
9:
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2:
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3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:Parker family
3352:
3350:
3349:Boleyn family
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
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3307:
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3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3277:
3275:9780901050014
3271:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3256:Loades, David
3253:
3252:Wyatt, George
3249:
3245:
3243:9781446449097
3239:
3235:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3222:9781446449233
3218:
3214:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3190:
3186:
3183:. Cambridge:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3166:9780099437246
3162:
3158:
3157:Vintage Books
3154:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3119:
3117:9781445600437
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3043:Heylyn, Peter
3040:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2990:9780671417475
2986:
2981:
2980:
2979:Mistress Anne
2974:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2944:
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2836:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2791:
2787:
2786:Ellis II 1825
2782:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2666:Erickson 1984
2662:
2655:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2626:Gairdner 1885
2622:
2615:
2611:
2610:Heylyn 2 1660
2606:
2599:
2594:
2588:, p. 24.
2587:
2582:
2575:
2570:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2546:Warnicke 1991
2542:
2536:, p. 33.
2535:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2512:, p. 35.
2511:
2506:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2484:, p. 59.
2483:
2482:Warnicke 1991
2478:
2472:, p. 28.
2471:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2435:
2424:
2422:9781446449233
2418:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2391:
2390:Jessica Raine
2387:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2309:Keith Michell
2306:
2305:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2263:Hilary Mantel
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:Suzannah Dunn
2218:
2214:
2213:Robin Maxwell
2210:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2167:
2162:
2150:
2145:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2032:
2028:
2026:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1906:
1904:
1892:
1881:
1876:George Boleyn
1828:
1823:
1809:
1806:
1794:
1792:
1784:
1782:
1751:
1734:
1672:
1670:
1643:
1640:
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1628:
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1620:
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1611:
1606:
1595:
1588:
1583:
1571:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1533:
1522:
1517:Alice St John
1511:
1506:Thomas Boleyn
1500:
1489:
1478:
1473:Edmund Howard
1468:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1377:
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1341:
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1301:
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1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1247:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1215:John St. John
1209:
1198:
1189:
1178:
1167:
1156:
1151:Thomas Howard
1146:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1002:
991:
980:
975:John St. John
969:
958:
953:William Lovel
947:
936:
925:
915:
910:
900:
895:
887:
884:
878:
876:
874:
870:
866:
860:
858:
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849:
830:
824:
822:
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810:
808:
800:
798:
796:
754:
748:
746:
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738:
735:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
709:
705:
700:
688:
683:
672:
661:
656:John Beaufort
650:
639:
622:
611:
606:Robert Morley
594:
583:
573:
570:
569:
565:
564:
556:
554:
549:
545:
543:
534:
529:
520:
518:
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508:
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501:
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487:
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468:
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460:
454:
452:
448:
444:
433:
431:
427:
421:
419:
414:
412:
407:
403:
395:
391:
387:
385:
381:
371:
367:
364:
359:
357:
353:
348:
347:cloth of gold
343:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
314:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
274:
270:
268:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:cousin-in-law
215:
211:
207:
195:
191:
186:
178:Alice St John
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
143:
138:
134:
131:(by marriage)
130:
125:
123:
119:
114:
83:
79:
75:
71:
62:
58:
53:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3314:1500s births
3260:
3232:
3213:Random House
3211:. New York:
3207:
3203:Weir, Alison
3179:
3151:
3127:
3107:
3092:. Retrieved
3061:
3047:
3032:
3002:
2978:
2963:
2959:Ellis, Henry
2932:
2923:
2914:
2892:
2876:. Retrieved
2852:
2824:
2797:
2781:
2765:
2749:
2733:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2654:Starkey 2004
2649:
2637:
2621:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2569:
2553:
2541:
2529:
2517:
2505:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2433:
2426:. Retrieved
2411:
2404:
2379:
2377:
2356:
2350:
2341:
2333:
2326:Kelly Hunter
2319:
2317:
2302:
2300:
2289:
2283:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2251:C. J. Sansom
2244:
2241:Thomas Wyatt
2236:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2206:
1929:Jane Seymour
1550:Arthur Tudor
1528:Henry Parker
997:Edmond Tudor
550:
546:
538:
509:
502:
498:Jane Seymour
491:
455:
451:Mark Smeaton
440:
430:Jane Seymour
423:
415:
411:Jane Seymour
402:George Wyatt
399:
377:
368:
360:
326:
319:
290:Château Vert
289:
285:
279:
239:
193:
184:
183:
122:Noble family
65:(1542-02-13)
18:
3319:1542 deaths
3058:Ives, E. W.
2853:Anne Boleyn
2788:, pp.
2740:, pp.
2628:, pp.
2612:, pp.
2586:Norton 2011
2364:Joanne King
2338:Juno Temple
2297:Film and TV
2280:Mary Boleyn
2255:Jean Plaidy
2177:1537 - 1553
2160:1533 - 1603
2157:Elizabeth I
2143:1516 - 1558
1910:Anne Boleyn
1887:Mary Boleyn
1866:Jane Boleyn
1604:1496 – 1533
1601:Marie Tudor
1581:1491 – 1547
1564:1485 – 1536
1553:1486 – 1502
1257:1466 – 1503
1240:1457 – 1509
1193:Alice Lovel
1187:1466 – 1489
1184:Henry Lovel
1165:1446 – 1497
1000:1430 – 1456
989:1443 – 1509
978:1426 – 1488
967:1426 – 1511
934:1442 – 1492
923:1444 – 1503
908:1442 – 1483
893:1452 – 1485
890:Richard III
659:1403 – 1444
609:1418 – 1442
592:1411 – 1460
581:1415 – 1495
394:Anne Boleyn
363:Alison Weir
210:Anne Boleyn
202: 1505
108: /
47: 1505
40:Jane Parker
25:Jane Boleyn
3288:Categories
3194:0521406773
3155:. London:
3082:required.)
2999:Fox, Julia
2953:required.)
2863:0002110482
2845:required.)
2816:References
2738:Weir 2011a
2598:Wyatt 1968
2560:, p.
2558:Weir 2011a
2534:Bruce 1972
2510:Bruce 1972
2496:, p.
2494:Weir 2011b
2358:The Tudors
2330:adaptation
2311:as Henry,
2203:Literature
1578:Henry VIII
1218:1450– 1525
667:Owen Tudor
620:c. 1418 –
513:Syon Abbey
447:Protestant
443:Tower Hill
294:Mary Tudor
236:Early life
214:Henry VIII
93:51°30′31″N
2381:Wolf Hall
2307:starring
2257:'s novel
2246:Sovereign
2174:Edward VI
1237:Henry VII
905:Edward IV
437:Widowhood
418:Julia Fox
282:Julia Fox
136:Spouse(s)
96:0°04′37″W
72:, England
54:, England
3254:(1968).
3205:(2011).
3177:(1991).
3149:(2004).
3106:(2011).
3045:(1660).
3023:(1885).
3001:(2008).
2975:(1984).
2961:(1825).
2913:(1945).
2891:(2014).
2772:, 6(1),
2726:Fox 2008
2714:Fox 2008
2702:Fox 2008
2690:Fox 2008
2678:Fox 2008
2642:Fox 2008
2574:Fox 2008
2522:Fox 2008
2470:Fox 2008
2458:Fox 2008
2446:Fox 2008
2428:1 August
2353:Showtime
1014:Henri VI
467:courtesy
426:Cromwell
308:Marriage
304:Boleyn.
216:, and a
3258:(ed.).
3031:(ed.).
2790:128–129
2742:455–456
2355:series
2318:In the
695:Henri V
333:Norfolk
258:Norfolk
159:
151:
147:
52:Norfolk
3272:
3240:
3219:
3191:
3163:
3135:
3114:
3076:
3009:
2987:
2947:
2899:
2860:
2839:
2804:, 17,
2756:, 17,
2419:
2140:Mary I
194:Parker
192:
175:Mother
165:Father
129:Boleyn
126:Parker
77:Buried
3094:3 May
3027:. In
2878:3 May
2614:91–93
2396:Notes
2366:with
284:, in
153:(
149:
3270:ISBN
3238:ISBN
3217:ISBN
3189:ISBN
3161:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3112:ISBN
3096:2014
3007:ISBN
2985:ISBN
2897:ISBN
2880:2014
2858:ISBN
2430:2015
2417:ISBN
461:and
352:Mary
302:Mary
300:and
298:Anne
60:Died
36:Born
3068:doi
3049:...
2939:doi
2831:doi
2806:106
2774:232
2758:124
2630:427
2562:248
2498:159
2378:In
2362:by
2274:by
2231:'s
2223:'s
2215:'s
519:.
331:in
269:".
190:née
3290::
3268:.
3215:.
3187:.
3159:.
2432:.
2265:.
2219:,
199:c.
197:;
155:m.
44:c.
3278:.
3246:.
3225:.
3197:.
3169:.
3141:.
3120:.
3098:.
3074:.
3070::
3015:.
2993:.
2945:.
2941::
2905:.
2882:.
2866:.
2837:.
2833::
2808:.
2792:.
2776:.
2760:.
2744:.
2632:.
2616:.
2600:.
2564:.
2500:.
2360:,
187:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
