George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford

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jeering as with normal state executions. His scaffold speech was primarily concerned with defending his religious beliefs and his passion for reform. It was not the honourable thing to deny guilt once a guilty verdict had been given in a court of law, and therefore he followed the conventions of the day by admitting he was a sinner deserving of death. He begged forgiveness of anyone he may have offended and begged for God's forgiveness. He came close to denying his guilt by declaring, "beware, trust not in the vanity of the world or the flatteries of the court, or the favour and treacheries of fortune". He said he would be alive if he had not done so. By blaming fortune for his fall he came as close as he dared to denying his guilt (i.e., he was dying because luck had been against him, not because he was guilty). He then went on to speak of his religious convictions before calmly submitting his neck to the axe. Anne was beheaded two days later.

47: 892:, devised a plot whereby Anne was accused of adultery with five men, one of whom was her brother, George. George was charged with incest with the Queen and plotting with Anne to kill the King. During a conversation with Chapuys following the Boleyns' deaths, Cromwell boasted that he had gone to a great deal of trouble arranging the plot, suggesting he did so in order to assist an alliance with Spain. Yet despite his boasts, during the same conversation he greatly praised both Anne and her brother for their "sense, wit, and courage". 938:

the evidence relating to the trials makes any mention of George's wife as providing evidence save for the fact that she told in a letter that Anne had told her Henry was "not able to satisfy a woman and he had neither capacity nor virility". This in itself was damning because it provided a potential motive for Anne's behaviour. Yet whatever Jane Rochford may or may not have said, it seems that the majority of the courtiers believed in his innocence, as can be seen from the wagers they were making in favour of acquittal.

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late 1521). George is thought to have remained in England throughout his early years, although George's first biographer suggests George may have spent time in France as a child when his father was on embassy from January 1519, as an explanation for how George could speak such perfect French from a young age, and why Anne and George remained so close during their formative years. However, this is pure speculation. Whatever the case, there is a long-standing tradition that George attended the

930:

hardly be acquitted when his sister had already been found guilty of incest. The order of the trials had been arranged to ensure the difficult case against George could not realistically fail. Everyone who witnessed George's trial, including the Imperial Ambassador Eustace Chapuys, considered that he put up a magnificent defence and many thought that he would be acquitted. Chapuys reported that those watching were betting 10 to 1 that he would be acquitted, and the court chronicler

438: 730: 1151:(fl. 1194). These arms are borne in the first quarter of the arms of the Butler family, Marquess of Ormonde (the "cup" arms of Butler are borne in the 2nd) reflecting that family's descent in the male line from Theobald Walter. (Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 864). Later adopted as "modern arms" by Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond (whose maternal grandfather was Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormonde) in lieu of his paternal arms 574:, Cavendish was insinuating that George was a rapist. As with the theory of George's sexuality, there is no evidence to support the notion that he was a rapist. If he had been guilty of the criminal offences of rape or homosexuality, and if Cavendish knew about it, then so did the rest of the court. Yet no one ever commented on George's supposed bisexuality, or even hinted at it, not even enemies of the Boleyns, such as Chapuys. 632:, an opponent of the Boleyns, ensured that George lost this position six months later when he halved the number of gentlemen in the Privy Chamber. Wolsey used the reorganisation to get rid of those whom he perceived as a threat, which was something of a backhanded compliment to the 21-year-old Boleyn whose court prominence was already being acknowledged. As compensation, George was appointed 1185:" (Latin) "who signed the letter to the Pope", and thus "presumably had some other form of creation" prior to his writ of summons to Parliament dated 5 Feb 1532/3 (vol. IX, appendix B, p. 18) – (which automatically creates the addressee a baron in the peerage). However it appears he never dropped the style Viscount in favour of the junior rank of baron, which would have been a humiliation 543:

acknowledges that at his death many considered his death to be a great loss. It may also be that the allegations of George's womanising are exaggerated, since there was no scandal surrounding the Boleyns' marriage, and none of the Boleyns' enemies felt that George's behaviour towards women was base enough to comment on. Likewise, neither Cavendish nor the Imperial Ambassador,

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sister Anne, which he dedicates "To the right honourable lady, the Lady Marchiness of Pembroke, her most loving and friendly brother sendeth greetings." The translations codify the Lutheran doctrine which both Anne and George were so immersed in, and emphasise the joint commitment of both siblings to reform of the Church. When Anne was sent a religious pamphlet by

1942: 1745: 714:, commented that George was considerably younger than many of the other foreign diplomats and that the appointment of a man barely out of his teens would cause amusement. But he also goes on to say that George should be shown more honour than was ordinarily necessary, and that his reception would be well weighted. 726:. Their mission was to encourage the universities of France to support Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. The universities' response was initially negative, but George encouraged King Francis to write a strong letter in favour of the divorce, which was later used to reverse the universities' decision. 562:

as well as treason. In fact, none of them was charged with sodomy, and there were no extant rumours of homosexuality relating to any of them. Warnicke's theory was put forth in her 1989 biography of Anne Boleyn, but has been criticised by many other historians for lack of evidence to substantiate it.

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There has always been much speculation as to whether the marriage of George and Jane was happy but there is no way to know for certain, as the state papers are virtually silent with regard to Jane. There is no mention of the couple having any children, which as the brother-in-law and sister-in-law to

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on the morning of 17 May 1536. George's scaffold speech was extremely long and exemplified the orator's linguistic skills. For it to have been recorded in as much detail as it was, the vast crowd who witnessed the executions must have been virtually silent, and there could have been little booing or

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There was no evidence of incest save that on one occasion he had spent a long time alone with Anne. Chapuys says he was convicted merely on a presumption. George's wife has throughout history been accused of providing evidence to support the incest charge, but this is unlikely to be correct. None of

580:

are Cavendish's interpretation of George's scaffold speech, when George said he was "a wretched sinner deserving of death". Despite the current enthusiasm for believing that Cavendish was referring to homosexuality, his 16th-century interpretation was that George was apologising for his promiscuity,

542:

For all George's good looks and talent, as can be seen from the above verse, Wyatt, who was a friend of the Boleyns, also says that George was too proud. Although Wyatt's poem is often used to suggest George was hated for his arrogance, there is nothing to support this. Despite George's pride, Wyatt

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Anne was pre-judged for the earlier convictions of the men found guilty of adultery with her; therefore she stood trial before her brother. George stood trial a few hours after Anne on Monday 15 May. As Anne had been found guilty before George had stood trial, he too was pre-judged because he could

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and in his letter he stated that upon his marriage his wife gave him a child every year. As Thomas and Elizabeth were married between 1498 and 1499, if Thomas is to be believed this indicates that all five Boleyn children, including the two who failed to reach adulthood, were born between 1500 and

416:

Since learning was highly praised at Court and essential for a career as a diplomat, George received an excellent education, speaking fluent French together with some Italian and Latin. His two sisters are known to have been educated abroad (Mary from 1514 to 1519, Anne from the spring of 1513 to

805:

In addition to his diplomatic career, George was an acknowledged court poet of considerable merit, and was also much admired as a talented linguist and translator. He was passionate about religious reform and translated from French into English two magnificent religious texts as presents for his

404:

Like his father, it was understood that George would have a career as a courtier, politician and diplomat. The monarchy was the font of all patronage and potential wealth and it was only through service to the Royal Family that a family could hope to achieve or protect their greatness and social

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in particular regularly refers in his dispatches to meeting "the ladies brother". In October 1529, immediately prior to George's first embassy abroad, he was instructed to escort Chapuys on his first audience with the King. Chapuys refers to meeting "a civil gentleman named Boleyn". Ironically,

740:

The second was in March 1533 when he informed the King of France of his sister's marriage to the King of England. George was also instructed to encourage Francis into giving Henry more support, and following a lengthy debate George succeeded in obtaining a letter from Francis asking the Pope to

786:

In July 1534, George once again attended the French court, this time to rearrange the meeting that had been arranged between the kings as a result of Anne's pregnancy (she later miscarried). In George's instructions is a passage stating he is one who the King "specially loveth and trustith".

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in 1529. Cavendish gives this as a maximum age in order to make his tortuous verses more rhythmic (such as "thrice nine"). In addition to Cavendish's verses, foreign diplomats believed George was too young to be appointed as Ambassador to France in October 1529. Mary's date of birth is again

945:(the sentence was later commuted to beheading). He asked for his debts be paid out of his confiscated assets so that no one would suffer from his death, and he continued to be distressed about his debts while awaiting death. In fact his distress was so acute that the Constable of the Tower, 833:

On 5 February 1533, George was formally called to Parliament and his attendance rate was higher than any other Lord despite his other onerous duties, clearly indicating his commitment. He obviously voted in favour of the statutes which brought to an end the Pope's powers in England, and his

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were tried on Friday 12 May. Only Smeaton confessed, probably after torture, but certainly emotional pressure. Despite lack of evidence all four men were found guilty. Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk sat on the jury and effectively condemned his own niece by finding the men guilty.

745:, who had found George's youth so amusing, described him as "the most unreasonable young man who ever crossed the sea". Yet despite the criticism Du Bellay grudgingly gave praise for the respect George Boleyn inspired at the meeting and the strength with which he argued the case. 782:

His fourth embassy was in April 1534 when George was again appointed to encourage the French King to give more support to Henry's cause, to pass similar legislation against the Pope as had been passed in England, and to arrange a meeting between the two Kings and Anne.

518:

in his poetry recognises George's "Great wit" (although wit in the 16th century could suggest that a person was witty and charming, it mainly meant intelligence, and it is George's intelligence that Wyatt was referring to.) Wyatt's verse with respect to George reads:

401:

1504, and if we accept as the evidence suggests that George was born in 1504 this is persuasive evidence for suggesting he was the youngest Boleyn child. This is the current thinking of the vast majority of modern historians with only one notable exception.

613:, tennis, card games and archery. He also hunted with the King and bet large sums of money with him. He won huge sums off the King but probably lost just as much, if not more. Gambling was one of the European aristocracy's favourite pastimes in the period. 405:

position. With this in mind, George was introduced to Henry VIII's court at the age of ten, when he attended the Christmas festivities of 1514–15. He attended an indoor melee with his father and acted in a mummery with his father, and the much older

601:. The grant was made in April, suggesting that George was born in April 1504 and that this grant was an 18th-birthday gift. He received the first grant in his sole name in 1524, when at the age of 20 he received from the King a country mansion, 810:, "A Supplication for the Beggars", it was George, according to Fish's wife, who encouraged Anne to show it to the King. On religious matters, the Boleyn siblings formed a team and although they were originally baptized and raised as 834:

commitment to religious reform earned him many enemies who held true to the Catholic faith. Various peers who were opposed to the legislation were excused attendance provided they appoint a proxy. George twice held the proxy vote of

468:, may have been their son; but it is more likely that he was a distant cousin. There is no record of the couple having a child, and Jane makes no mention of a child for whom she is responsible when she wrote a begging letter to 868:. These were among the highest appointments in the realm and, as usual, he committed to them with zeal. He is regularly referred to in the State Papers in his position as Warden sitting at the Warden's court at Dover. From 821:

between its conception in late 1529 and his death in 1536. Both siblings were talented debaters on the issues of religious philosophy and it was George whom Henry chose in 1531 to argue the case for royal supremacy over the

396:

generally accepted as being c. 1500 but there is some disagreement as to Anne's date of birth with arguments for 1501 and others for 1507. However, following the executions of Anne and George in 1536 their father wrote to

709:

as ambassador. Because of his youth, (he was only 25), it is believed that Anne's influence secured him this post, although there is no evidence that he lacked the ability to undertake the role. The French ambassador,

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became Henry VIII's mistress. It is not known when that relationship started or when it ended or indeed for how long it lasted. It was certainly over by 1526 when the King's eyes turned to another Boleyn sibling,

721:

and did well in his first embassy. George attended a total of six foreign embassies to France. The first was between late October 1529 and late February 1530. George attended with John Stokesley, the Dean of the

386:

and George. There has been much debate over the centuries as to the age of the three Boleyn siblings, but there is general agreement that George was born c. 1504. This stems from a number of different sources.

872:'s point of view, George's influence as Lord Warden was a thorn in his side. On 26 November 1534, George wrote to Cromwell expressing fury that Cromwell had undermined one of his orders made as Lord Warden. 2147:

The courtesy title was awarded to George on 8 December 1529 upon his father becoming Earl of Wiltshire. On 5 February 1533 George was formally summoned to Parliament, thereafter he became a peer in his own

1181:(vol XI, "Rochford", p. 51 & vol. IX, appendix B ("English baronies created by Henry VIII"), p. 18 "1530, Rochford") states that he "was Lord Rochford as early as 1530 when he was the second of the 1922: 547:, who was actively looking for faults in order to demonise the Boleyns, make any mention of him being particularly arrogant. Chapuys' only complaint was that George could not resist entering into 1082:

and Gippeswyk Hall in May 2013, directed by Carrick as artistic director of Red Rose Chain theatre company. In the 2013 production, George was portrayed by Scott Ellis and Anne by Emma Connell.

570:

has resurrected the theory regarding George's sexuality by using the same arguments that Warnicke used 20 years previously. In addition to this, Weir also suggests that by his use of the phrase

814:, they were identified with the new religious ideas. Though Anne had far greater influence owing to the King's infatuation with her, her brother clearly identified both of them with the ideas. 605:

in Norfolk. It is supposed that this was an early wedding present made to a young man who was rapidly coming into favour. He was a firm favourite of the King and is regularly mentioned in the

294: 558:, believes that the men accused of being Anne's lovers were chosen because of ambiguity over their sexuality. This has led to an increasingly enduring myth that the men were charged with 678:

and on 1 February 1529 was appointed chief steward of Beaulieu (later in October 1533 he would be granted a life interest in the Palace). On 29 July 1529 he was appointed Governor of

589:

are based merely on Cavendish's interpretation of George's scaffold speech, with Warnicke and Weir solely re-interpreting George's final words on the basis of Cavendish's writings.

2281:

Carley, James P. (1998). "'Her moost lovyng and fryndely brother sendeth gretyng': Anne Boleyn's Manuscripts and Their Sources". In Brown, Michelle P.; McKendrick, Scott (eds.).

648:, and by 1527 he was seeking to marry her. Much of George Boleyn's career was in furtherance to the king's desire for a divorce from his first wife to enable him to marry Anne. 2282: 3251: 421:

when he was not in attendance at Court, although he does not appear in any of the University's records – a relatively frequent occurrence in the period before the

2042: 1312: 1713: 1649: 1601: 1557: 1514: 118: 1970: 1530: 2058: 2014: 499:

Yet in the same poem Cavendish, who was a staunch Catholic and hated the Boleyns and what they stood for, acknowledges George's good looks and charm, saying:

3261: 2118: 2086: 1986: 1882: 1829: 1697: 1681: 1617: 1585: 1380: 1789: 1773: 1729: 2647: 2614: 2433: 2240: 1217: 413:. Thanks to his family's influence and the fact he obviously impressed Henry at an early age, he became one of the King's pageboys shortly afterwards. 1050:. Gregory portrayed George Boleyn as at least gay and possibly bisexual. However, the film adaptations of the book do not portray George as bisexual. 790:

George's final embassy was in May 1535 when he and his uncle were appointed by the King to negotiate a marriage contract between the King of France's

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Thomas and Elizabeth had a number of children, including two sons named Thomas and Henry who failed to reach adulthood. Three children survived:

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and George's scaffold speech as the lone pieces of evidence to support an argument for homosexual behaviour is problematic. The verses in

1013: 1633: 3181: 1851: 3236: 3191: 3186: 3176: 776: 663:. In a letter to Anne, who also contracted the disease while at Hever Castle, Henry told her of her brother's illness and recovery. 1340: 791: 3201: 328: 204: 2302: 906:

Anne and George were arrested on 2 May 1536, the day after the May Day joust at which George was one of the principal jousters.

880:

In 1536, Anne Boleyn miscarried a son. This loss of the much desired son and male heir coincided with Henry's infatuation with

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and regained his former position as a member of the Privy chamber. It was also in December 1529 that he became known by the

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There are many different versions of George's scaffold speech, but they all follow the basic contents. It can be found in

941:

Irrespective of what those at court thought, he was unanimously found guilty and the sentence of the court was that he be

674:

in 1528. Throughout the late 1520s grants continued to be bestowed upon him. On 15 November 1528 he became keeper of the

247:, although he died long before his niece ascended the throne. Following his father's promotion in the peerage in 1529 to 1296: 445:

Less is known about George's personal life than about his celebrated court career, but what is known is that he married

3271: 2999: 2974: 2904: 2883: 2855: 2833: 2790: 2688: 2572: 2534: 2494: 2375: 2208: 2102: 903:. The following day, Henry gave instructions to Cromwell to set up a special commission looking into various treasons. 749: 597:

George is first mentioned as an adult in 1522 when he and his father received a joint grant of various manor houses in

340: 332: 302: 3246: 1046: 1032: 835: 446: 167: 475:

Whether or not the marriage of George and Jane was happy, George had a reputation as a womaniser. George Cavendish,

3231: 2597: 2172: 2587: 2346:. Vol. II. With notes and other illustrations by Samuel Weller Singer. London: Harding, Triphook, and Lepard. 3070: 2333:. Vol. I. With notes and other illustrations by Samuel Weller Singer. London: Harding, Triphook, and Lepard. 861: 1665: 3196: 3042: 2950: 2718: 2470: 2394: 2296: 1107: 838:, an adherent to the old religion. Unfortunately for George, De La Warr later sat on the jury which tried him. 818: 20: 1070:

George Boleyn is one of two protagonists (along with sister Anne) in a play by British writer Joanna Carrick,

456:'s hand confirms that an extra £20 a year had been awarded to "young Boleyn for him and his wife to live on". 3256: 2810: 1206:

The current academic debate on Queen Anne's birth is focused on two very different dates: 1501 and 1507. See

107: 3216: 942: 348: 3013: 2234: 2222: 1496: 1350: 797:

When George was not abroad, he often escorted foreign diplomats and ambassadors into the King's presence.

2804: 2508: 2181: 2164: 1492: 1480: 918: 2357:. With notes and other illustrations by Samuel Weller Singer (2nd ed.). London: Harding and Lepard. 2339: 2326: 1488: 371:

in Kent, which became their chief residence in 1505 when Thomas inherited the property from his father,

2942: 2710: 857:

and all other courtiers of rank were present at the monks' executions, which took place on 4 May 1535.

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and Supremacy which had been passed the previous year. George, his father, the King's illegitimate son

450: 2922: 1484: 748:

George's third embassy was between May and August 1533 when he travelled to France with his uncle the

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in January 1526 in addition to his award of an additional £20 a year for him and his wife to live on.

3276: 2728: 2548: 2318: 2265: 1175:

George was however created a baron in his own right between the period 1530 and 1533. G. E. Cokayne,

1067:

not only portrayed George as bisexual, but also portrayed his relationship with his wife as abusive.

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sometime during 1524. They were certainly married by January 1526 because a note of that date in

3211: 1123:

In the 2022 BBC Two three-part series The Boleyns: A Scandalous Family, George is portrayed by

1095: 849:

Monks, all of whom, because of their religious convictions, refused to swear allegiance to the

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The Life of Cardinal Wolsey, by George Cavendish, His Gentleman Usher, and Metrical Visions

2331:

The Life of Cardinal Wolsey, by George Cavendish, His Gentleman Usher, and Metrical Visions

2322: 1177: 946: 850: 418: 1402:

A schedule of the charges against the four commoners and the Boleyns are contained in the

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the king, there surely would have been had such a child existed. It had been thought that

8: 3026: 3009: 2752: 1147:, being arms of Walter (Butler (ancient)) adopted at the start of the age of heraldry by 931: 896: 667: 656: 515: 236: 2387:

Letters of Henry VIII, 1526–29: Extracts From The Calendar Of State Papers Of Henry VIII

3122: 2703: 2518: 914: 768: 679: 675: 372: 356: 1054: 46: 3138: 3038: 2995: 2970: 2946: 2900: 2879: 2851: 2829: 2786: 2760: 2714: 2698: 2684: 2568: 2530: 2490: 2466: 2390: 2371: 2292: 2204: 1037: 823: 706: 698: 694: 652: 465: 422: 320: 256: 248: 38: 2749:

Divorced, Beheaded, Survived: A Feminist Reinterpretation of the Wives of Henry VIII

760:

Henry. It was George who returned to England to inform Henry of the Pope's actions.

2652: 2642:"Anne (Anne Boleyn) (c. 1500–1536), queen of England, Second Consort of Henry VIII" 2619: 2438: 2284:

Illuminating the book: Makers and Interpreters: Essays in Honour of Janet Backhouse

2245: 2187: 1027: 753: 625: 624:

was to the Queen. As part of a reorganisation of the Court structure, known as the

352: 2664: 2631: 2450: 2257: 3063: 2985: 2964: 2936: 2894: 2869: 2819: 2680: 2562: 2288: 1100: 1079: 889: 885: 869: 842: 811: 798: 757: 742: 686: 629: 621: 544: 476: 469: 397: 231:

who played a prominent role in the politics of the early 1530s as the brother of

111: 2727: 2608: 2427: 2201:

Two Gentleman Poets at the Court of Henry VIII: George Boleyn & Henry Howard

2140: 2124: 2092: 2064: 2048: 2020: 1992: 1976: 1948: 1888: 1835: 1811: 1795: 1779: 1751: 1735: 1719: 1703: 1687: 1655: 1623: 1607: 1591: 1563: 1536: 1520: 1386: 1318: 1275: 1223: 367:. However, they spent most of their childhood at another of the family's homes, 2932: 2843: 2623: 2592: 2582: 2558: 2480: 2442: 2404: 2363: 2218: 2196: 1008: 998:, the character of Lord Rochfort is based on George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford. 817:

George's own religious views resulted in him having an influential role in the

711: 690: 602: 555: 364: 284: 260: 74: 2641: 2249: 3160: 3034: 3015:

A Chronicle of England During the Reign of the Tudors from A.D. 1485 to 1559

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concede to Henry's wishes. Not everyone was happy with George's success. The

717:

Irrespective of his age, George quickly established a good relationship with

617: 536: 453: 426: 392: 155: 133: 120: 2938:

The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn: family politics at the court of Henry VIII

539:

referred to George as having "many of Anne's talents and all of her pride".

2458: 2203:. Translated by J.A. Macfarlane and Claire Ridgway. Madeglobal Publishing. 1041: 922: 881: 865: 723: 368: 268: 51: 2850:. Vol. II: Anne Boleyn and the Boleyn Family. MadeGlobal Publishing. 2806:

The Privy Purse Expences of Henry VIII from November 1529 to December 1532

437: 2991: 2960: 2609:"Howard, Thomas, Second Duke of Norfolk (1443–1524), Magnate and Soldier" 1124: 1074:. It was originally produced in 2011 in the grounds of Gippeswyk Hall in 990: 827: 763:

On 10 September 1533, George carried the canopy over his royal niece the

734: 645: 640: 606: 567: 383: 379: 335:, then Earl of Surrey and future 2nd Duke of Norfolk, and his first wife 244: 232: 2924:

The Pilgrim: A Dialogue of the Life and Actions of King Henry the Eighth

2825: 2783:

Among The Wolves of Court: The Untold Story of Thomas and George Boleyn

1059: 953: 846: 807: 633: 240: 95: 949:

wrote to Cromwell twice begging him to help ease George's conscience.

756:. It was during this mission that news reached them that the Pope had 729: 391:

says in a poem that George was about 27 when he gained a place on the

2672: 2544: 2428:"Boleyn (née Parker), Jane, Viscountess Rochford (d. 1542), Courtier" 2354:

The Life of Cardinal Wolsey, by George Cavendish, His Gentleman Usher

995: 767:(later Queen Elizabeth I) at her christening, along with his uncles 3021:. Camden Society. New Series. Vol. XI. London: Camden Society. 752:

to be present at a proposed meeting between the King of France and

548: 293: 228: 224: 150: 1495:

23, pp. 64–66. But the most detailed version of it is at Bentley,

899:, but the honour went to a known opponent of the Boleyns instead, 1086: 1075: 895:

On 23 April 1536 George was expected to be chosen to receive the

360: 56:

Argent, a chevron gules between three bull's heads afrontée sable

1001:

George Boleyn was portrayed by Michael Johnson in the 1969 film

841:

In 1535 he was one of the special commissioners at the trial of

802:

Chapuys had liked George, before he became aware of who he was.

2821:

Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families

559: 359:, George's uncle. George and his sisters were probably born in 264: 1078:

in Suffolk, and subsequently reprised for performances at the

425:, when few of the aristocrats who attended either technically 685:

George's diplomatic career took off in late 1529 when he was

610: 2489:(in French). Vol. I: 1529–1535. Paris: C. Klincksieck. 2264: 1928: 1639: 888:. To rid himself of his wife, Henry and his chief advisor, 620:, functioning as the male equivalent to the King of what a 598: 344: 2818:

Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.).

1239:

For arguments favouring George as the youngest child, see

2416:

Cokayne, George Edward (1949). White, Geoffrey H. (ed.).

1263:. For arguments favouring Mary as the youngest child see 267:

with his sister Anne during the period of her trial for

2224:

Excerpta Historica, or Illustrations of English History

1188: 2729:"Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII" 2513:. Vol. II. London: Harding, Triphook, and Lepard. 2194: 952:

George Boleyn and the other four men were beheaded on

705:, and undertook his first assignment as a diplomat to 2553:. Vol. IV. London: R. B. Seeley and W. Burnside. 2165:"Memorial from George Constantyne to Thomas Cromwell" 651:

In June 1528, George contracted the disease known as

551:

discussion whenever he was being entertained by him.

2141: