Nobility - Knowledge

4845:

vasallos de mi Corona, y que por el trascurso del tiempo se detiene la práctica y uso de ellas, y siento tan conveniente su puntual cumplimiento al bien público y utilidad de los Indios y al servicio de Dios y mío, y que en esta consecuencia por lo que toca a los indios mestizos está encargo a los Arzobispos y Obispos de las Indias, por la Ley Siete, Título Siete, del Libro Primero, de la Recopilación, los ordenen de sacerdotes, concurriendo las calidades y circunstancias que en ella se disponen y que si algunas mestizas quisieren ser religiosas dispongan el que se las admita en los monasterios y a las profesiones, y aunque en lo especial de que quedan ascender los indios a puestos eclesiásticos o seculares, gubernativos, políticos y de guerra, que todos piden limpieza de sangre y por estatuto la calidad de nobles, hay distinción entre los Indios y mestizos, o como descendentes de los indios principales que se llaman caciques, o como procedidos de indios menos principales que son los tributarios, y que en su gentilidad reconocieron vasallaje, se considera que a los primeros y sus descendentes se les deben todas las preeminencias y honores, así en lo eclesiástico como en lo secular que se acostumbran conferir a los nobles Hijosdalgo de Castilla y pueden participar de cualesquier comunidades que por estatuto pidan nobleza, pues es constante que estos en su gentilismo eran nobles a quienes sus inferiores reconocían vasallaje y tributaban, cuya especie de nobleza todavía se les conserva y considera, guardándoles en lo posible, o privilegios, como así se reconoce y declara por todo el Título de los caciques, que es el Siete, del Libro Seis, de la Recopilación, donde por distinción de los indios inferiores se les dejó el señorío con nombre de cacicazgo, transmisible de mayor en mayor, a sus posterioridades...

1719: 4762:"It is not right that the Indian chiefs of Filipinas be in a worse condition after conversion; rather they should have such treatment that would gain their affection and keep them loyal, so that with the spiritual blessings that God has communicated to them by calling them to His true knowledge, the temporal blessings may be added and they may live contentedly and comfortably. Therefore, we order the governors of those islands to show them good treatment and entrust them, in our name, with the government of the Indians, of whom they were formerly lords. In all else the governors shall see that the chiefs are benefited justly, and the Indians shall pay them something as a recognition, as they did during the period of their paganism, provided it be without prejudice to the tributes that are to be paid us, or prejudicial to that which pertains to their encomenderos." Felipe II, 1977: 2875: 1695: 2097: 604: 2089: 1353: 2353: 2459: 4942:

se recogen los nombramientos de centenares de aborígenes de aquel Archipiélago, a los cuales, en virtud de su posición social, ocuparon cargos en la administración de aquellos territorios y cuya presencia demuestra la inquietud cultural de nuestra Patria en aquéllas Islas para la preparación de sus naturales y la colaboración de estos en las tareas de su Gobierno. Esta faceta en Filipinas aparece mucho más actuada que en el continente americano y de ahí que en Filipinas la Nobleza de cargo adquiera mayor importancia que en las Indias.

483:, have expressly abolished the conferral and use of titles of nobility for their citizens. This is distinct from countries that have not abolished the right to inherit titles, but which do not grant legal recognition or protection to them, such as Germany and Italy, although Germany recognizes their use as part of the legal surname. Still, other countries and authorities allow their use, but forbid attachment of any privilege thereto, e.g., Finland, Norway, and the European Union, while French law also protects lawful titles against 2798: 1478: 4917:

manera estructuradas y se apreciaba en ellas una organización jerárquica embrionaria y local, pero era digna de ser atendida. Precisamente en esa organización local es, como siempre, de donde nace la nobleza. El indio aborigen, jefe de tribu, es reconocido como noble y las pruebas irrefutables de su nobleza se encuentran principalmente en las Hojas de Servicios de los militares de origen filipino que abrazaron la carrera de las Armas, cuando para hacerlo necesariamente era preciso demostrar el origen nobiliario del individuo.

151: 4686: 2570: 831: 1968:

extinguished even in Joseon, which began to actively introduce Han Chinese rule. So, in the early days, there were quite a few hereditary powerful noblemen like the Jeju Ko. However, as Confucian reforms continued, it became difficult for yangbans to obtain political positions if they did not pass the exam. Each of them was usually still superior to ordinary people, but was not recognized unless it passed the test. So now, to become a yangban, it was essential for the members to pass the exam.

694: 2185: 705: 1111: 4858: 4690: 972: 6666: 2733: 5072: 1628: 54: 315: 2410:. The presence of these notables demonstrates the cultural concern of Spain in those Islands to prepare the natives and the collaboration of these in the government of the Archipelago. This aspect of Spanish rule in the Philippines appears much more strongly implemented than in the Americas. Hence in the Philippines, the local nobility, by reason of charge accorded to their social class, acquired greater importance than in the 4497: 3473: 1593: 6799: 2194: 1679: 496: 2176: 2167: 2474: 1644: 4847: 5052: 944:. Historically, once nobility was granted, if a nobleman served the monarch well he might obtain the title of baron, and might later be elevated to the rank of count. As in other countries of post-medieval central Europe, hereditary titles were not attached to a particular land or estate but to the noble family itself, so that all patrilineal descendants shared a title of baron or count (cf. 4589: 1870:, for example, even though noble titles were no longer given to those other than the emperor's relatives, the fact that the process of selecting officials was mostly based on a vouching system by current officials as officials usually vouched for their own sons or those of other officials meant that a de facto aristocracy continued to exist. This process was further deepened during the 4875:

Servicio de aquellos filipinos que ingresaron en nuestras Academias Militares y cuyos ascendientes eran caciques, encomenderos, tagalos notables, pedáneos, por los gobernadores o que ocupan cargos en la Administración municipal o en la del Gobierno, de todas las diferentes regiones de las grandes islas del Archipiélago o en las múltiples islas pequeñas de que se compone el mismo.

5009:. "Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century, pp. 296–297. 5038:. "Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century, pp. 329. 940:

standard explains why the noble population was relatively large, although the economic status of its members varied widely. Untitled nobles were not infrequently wealthier than titled families, while considerable differences in wealth were also to be found within the titled nobility. The custom of granting titles was introduced to Hungary in the 16th century by the

2539: 517:, large or small, that might include fields, pasture, orchards, timberland, hunting grounds, streams, etc. It also included infrastructure such as a castle, well and mill to which local peasants were allowed some access, although often at a price. Nobles were expected to live "nobly", that is, from the proceeds of these possessions. Work involving 272:, the nobility were descendants of this Republican aristocracy. While ancestry of contemporary noble families from ancient Roman nobility might technically be possible, no well-researched, historically documented generation-by-generation genealogical descents from ancient Roman times are known to exist in Europe. 2000:, as can members of several present or formerly reigning dynasties, are widely regarded as belonging to the ancient, hereditary Islamic nobility. In some Islamic countries they inherit (through mother or father) hereditary titles, although without any other associated privilege, e.g., variations of the title 1964:

nobles and took power for a short period of time. Goryeo also had many hereditary families, and they were more aristocratic than Confucian bureaucrats, forcibly collecting taxes from the people being slaughtered by the Mongolian army, killing those who rebelled, and writing poetry ignoring their situation.

521:

or subordination to those of lower rank (with specific exceptions, such as in military or ecclesiastic service) was either forbidden (as derogation from noble status) or frowned upon socially. On the other hand, membership in the nobility was usually a prerequisite for holding offices of trust in the

428:

While noble status formerly conferred significant privileges in most jurisdictions, by the 21st century it had become a largely honorary dignity in most societies, although a few, residual privileges may still be preserved legally (e.g. Spain, UK) and some Asian, Pacific and African cultures continue

4844:

Por cuanto teniendo presentes las leyes y cédulas que se mandaron despachar por los Señores Reyes mis progenitores y por mí, encargo el buen tratamiento, amparo, protección y defensa de los indios naturales de la América, y que sean atendidos, mantenidos, favorecidos y honrados como todos los demás

2859:

and the suspension of political rights, to accept noble titles and foreign decorations without the proper permission of the state. In particular, the nobles of greater distinction, by respect and tradition, were allowed to use their titles during the republican regime. The imperial family also could

2489:

The recognition of the rights and privileges accorded to the Filipino principalía as hijosdalgos of Castile seems to facilitate entrance of Filipino nobles into institutions of under the Spanish Crown, either civil or religious, which required proofs of nobility. However, to see such recognition as

2372:

The Laws of the Indies and other pertinent royal decrees were enforced in the Philippines and benefited many indigenous nobles. It can be seen very clearly and irrefutably that, during the colonial period, indigenous chiefs were equated with the Spanish hidalgos, and the most resounding proof of the

1955:

Unlike China, Silla's bone nobles were much more aristocratic and had the right to collect taxes and rule over people. They also thought of the king as Buddha and justified their rule through the idea that status was determined by birth. However, this strict sense of social status gradually weakened

1331:

into the Ethiopian nobility as part of their quest for aggrandizement during the 1800s. To do so they were generally obliged to abandon their faith and some are believed to have feigned conversion to Christianity for the sake of acceptance by the old Christian aristocratic families. One such family,

631:

could be bought, sold or mortgaged. If erected by the crown into, e.g., a barony or countship, it became legally entailed for a specific family, which could use it as their title. Yet most French nobles were untitled ("seigneur of Montagne" simply meant ownership of that lordship but not, if one was

4941:

También en la Real Academia de la Historia existe un importante fondo relativo a las Islas Filipinas, y aunque su mayor parte debe corresponder a la Historia de ellas, no es excluir que entre su documentación aparezcan muchos antecedentes genealógicos… El Archivo del Palacio y en su Real Estampilla

4484:

System of universal geography, founded on the works of Malte-Burn and Balbi; embracing a historical sketch of the progress of geographical discovery, the principles of mathematical and physical geography, and a complete description from the most recent sources, of the political and social condition

4338:

Ruling of the Court of the Lord Lyon (26/2/1948, Vol. IV, page 26): "With regard to the words 'untitled nobility' employed in certain recent birthbrieves in relation to the (Minor) Baronage of Scotland, Finds and Declares that the (Minor) Barons of Scotland are, and have been both in this nobiliary

2389:

or those who held positions in the municipal administration or government in all different regions of the large islands of the Archipelago, or of the many small islands of which it is composed. In the context of the ancient tradition and norms of Castilian nobility, all descendants of a noble are

2057:

forming a somewhat unusual and complex system in comparison with the other Islamic countries. The bestowal of noble and aristocratic titles was widespread across the empire even after its fall by independent monarchs. One of the most elaborate examples is that of the Egyptian aristocracy's largest

1963:

However, the still strict status order of Silla caused opposition from many people and collapsed when the country moved to Goryeo. In Goryeo, powerful families along with existing nobles became nobles, claiming a new lineage nobility. And in Goryeo, dissatisfied lower class people confronted the

1037:

It was the Spaniards who gave the world the notion that an aristocrat's blood is not red but blue. The Spanish nobility started taking shape around the ninth century in classic military fashion, occupying land as warriors on horseback. They were to continue the process for more than five hundred

939:

In Hungary members of the nobility always theoretically enjoyed the same rights. In practice, however, a noble family's financial assets largely defined its significance. Medieval Hungary's concept of nobility originated in the notion that nobles were "free men", eligible to own land. This basic

747:

in Portugal and Spain, and some noble titles in Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Prussia, and Scandinavia. In Russia, Scandinavia and non-Prussian Germany, titles usually descended to all male-line descendants of the original titleholder, including females. In Spain, noble titles are now equally

4916:

Por otra parte, mientras en las Indias la cultura precolombiana había alcanzado un alto nivel, en Filipinas la civilización isleña continuaba manifestándose en sus estados más primitivos. Sin embargo, esas sociedades primitivas, independientes totalmente las unas de las otras, estaban en cierta

2501:

did not strip the ancient sovereign rulers of the Archipelago (who vowed allegiance to the Spanish Crown) of their legitimate rights. Many of them accepted the Catholic religion and were his allies from the very beginning. He only demanded from these local rulers vassalage to the Spanish Crown,

2437:

or the Christianized Datus) and Filipino officials of justice received the greatest consideration from the Spanish Crown officials. The colonial officials were under obligation to show them the honor corresponding to their respective duties. They were allowed to sit in the houses of the Spanish

1101:

of Southern Africa, belong to peoples that have been resident in the continent for millennia. Generally their royal or noble status is recognized by and derived from the authority of traditional custom. A number of them also enjoy either a constitutional or a statutory recognition of their high

584:

in the allocation of societal resources. Nobility came to be associated with social rather than legal privilege, expressed in a general expectation of deference from those of lower rank. By the 21st century even that deference had become increasingly minimized. In general, the present nobility

4874:

Por ella se aprecia bien claramente y de manera fehaciente que a los caciques indígenas se les equiparada a los Hidalgos españoles y la prueba más rotunda de su aplicación se halla en el Archivo General Militar de Segovia, en donde las calificaciones de «Nobleza» se encuentran en las Hojas de

2601:

However, in many countries at this time, the nobility retained substantial political importance and social influence: for instance, the United Kingdom's government was dominated by the (unusually small) nobility until the middle of the 19th century. Thereafter the powers of the nobility were

1967:

As Goryeo weakened and nobles pursuing Joseon appeared, Goryeo's nobility could not stand against them and chose to be absorbed into yangban. However, since the Korean nobility had never experienced defeat by commoners like Han Gaozu Liu Bang, the aristocratic character was not completely

1038:

years, clawing back sections of the peninsula from its Moorish occupiers, and a nobleman demonstrated his pedigree by holding up his sword arm to display the filigree of blue-blooded veins beneath his pale skin—proof that his birth had not been contaminated by the dark-skinned enemy.

959:, often with impressive-looking documentation. This may be illegal, depending on local law. They are more often illegal in countries that actually have nobilities, such as European monarchies. In the United States, such commerce may constitute actionable fraud rather than criminal 868:

Scotland's Salic law) granted the arms and allocated the chiefships of medieval noble families to female-line descendants of lords, even when they were not of noble lineage in the male line, while persons of legitimate male-line descent may still survive (e.g. the modern

1843:

It was a custom in China for the new dynasty to ennoble and enfeoff a member of the dynasty which they overthrew with a title of nobility and a fief of land so that they could offer sacrifices to their ancestors, in addition to members of other preceding dynasties.

1452:

rarely married outside their caste: a high-ranking woman who married a lower-ranking man took on her husband's lower rank, but a high-ranking man marrying a woman of lower rank did not forfeit his status, although his children could not inherit his rank or property

2629:

where there were no more than 300,000 prior to 1789, which was 1% of the population (although some scholars believe this figure is an overestimate). In 1718 Sweden had between 10,000 and 15,000 nobles, which was 0.5% of the population. In Germany it was 0.01%.

1026:

appeared blue through their untanned skin) from a working class of the time. The latter consisted mainly of agricultural peasants who spent most of their time working outdoors and thus had tanned skin, through which superficial veins appear less prominently.

1332:

the Wara Seh (more commonly called the "Yejju dynasty") converted to Christianity and eventually wielded power for over a century, ruling with the sanction of the Solomonic emperors. The last such Muslim noble to join the ranks of Ethiopian society was

1548:

are some of the most famous examples. Although many of their traditional functions have become dormant due to the advent of modern governance, their members retain precedence of a traditional nature and are especially prominent during festivals.

5366: 543:

domain. In some countries, the local lord could impose restrictions on such a commoner's movements, religion or legal undertakings. Nobles exclusively enjoyed the privilege of hunting. In France, nobles were exempt from paying the

2625:(probably 10%), Spain (722,000 in 1768 which was 7–8% of the entire population) and other countries with lower percentages, such as Russia in 1760 with 500,000–600,000 nobles (2–3% of the entire population), and pre-revolutionary 1828:. Imperial descendants formed the highest class of ancient Chinese nobility, their status based upon the rank of the empress or concubine from which they descend maternally (as emperors were polygamous). Numerous titles such as 2490:

an approximation or comparative estimation of rank or status might not be correct since in reality, although the principales were vassals of the Crown, their rights as sovereign in their former dominions were guaranteed by the

1560:

in the service of their traditional sovereigns in a symbolic continuation of the way that their titled ancestors and predecessors did during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. Many of them are also members of the country's

1991:

In some Islamic countries, there are no definite noble titles (titles of hereditary rulers being distinct from those of hereditary intermediaries between monarchs and commoners). Persons who can trace legitimate descent from

204:

Membership in the nobility has historically been granted by a monarch or government, and acquisition of sufficient power, wealth, ownerships, or royal favour has occasionally enabled commoners to ascend into the nobility.

996:"Aristocrat" and "aristocracy", in modern usage, refer colloquially and broadly to persons who inherit elevated social status, whether due to membership in the (formerly) official nobility or the monied upper class. 2045:, often derived from the post held by their ancestors, considering the fact that family names in Iran only appeared in the beginning of the 20th century. Sultans have been an integral part of Islamic history. See: 2840:, the emperor conferred titles of nobility, which were personal and therefore non-hereditary, unlike the earlier Portuguese and Portuguese-Brazilian titles, being inherited exclusively to the royal titles of the 2405:

and its royal stamp recognized the appointments of hundreds of natives of the Philippines who, by virtue of their social position, occupied posts in the administration of the territories and were classified as

1505:. Though their functions are largely ceremonial, the titles of the country's royals and nobles are often centuries old and are usually vested in the membership of historically prominent families in the various 4276:

differentiates the system in use in Scotland from many other European traditions, in that armorial bearings which are entered in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland by warrant of the

1447:

held various privileges, including land ownership, preferment for senior government posts, free labor from members of lower classes, the right to have their tombs constructed within town limits, etc. The

2597:

gradually grew in power; a rich city merchant came to be more influential than a nobleman, and the latter sometimes sought inter-marriage with families of the former to maintain their noble lifestyles.

2425:, a mark of esteem and distinction in Europe reserved for a person of noble or royal status during the colonial period. Other honors and high regard were also accorded to the Christianized Datus by the 1512:

Membership of initiatory societies that have inalienable functions within the kingdoms is also a common feature of Nigerian nobility, particularly among the southern tribes, where such figures as the

460:

make one noble, nor are all nobles wealthy or influential (aristocratic families have lost their fortunes in various ways, and the concept of the 'poor nobleman' is almost as old as nobility itself).

2336:) to indigenous nobilities of the Crown colonies, including the principalía of the Philippines, and extended to them and to their descendants the preeminence and honors customarily attributed to the 189:

with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteristics associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles or simply formal functions (e.g.,

3945: 286:, often distinguish nobles from non-nobles in conversation and written speech. In many nations, most of the nobility have been untitled, and some hereditary titles do not indicate nobility (e.g., 1956:

due to the introduction of Confucianism and opposition from the lower class, and even in Silla, opportunities were given to people of low social status through Confucian tests such as '독서삼품과(讀書三品

1947:

The bestowal of titles was abolished upon the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, as part of a larger effort to remove feudal influences and practises from Chinese society.

1840:

were introduced for Imperial descendants. The titles of the junior princes were gradually lowered in rank by each generation while the senior heir continued to inherit their father's titles.

2494:, more particularly the Royal Decree of Philip II of 11 June 1594, which Charles II confirmed for the purpose stated above to satisfy the requirements of the existing laws in the Peninsula. 2438:

Provincial Governors, and in any other places. They were not left to remain standing. It was not permitted for Spanish Parish Priests to treat these Filipino nobles with less consideration.

2832:

With the independence of Brazil in 1822 as a constitutional monarchy, the titles of nobility initiated by the king of Portugal were continued and new titles of nobility were created by the

2637:

nobles made up 5% of the population. All the nobles in 18th-century Europe numbered perhaps 3–4 million out of a total of 170–190 million inhabitants. By contrast, in 1707, when

5022:. Volume 27 of 55 (1636–37). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourbe; additional translations by Arthur B. Myrick. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company. 4993:. Volume 27 of 55 (1636–37). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne; additional translations by Arthur B. Myrick. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company. 2652:

Apart from the hierarchy of noble titles, in England rising through baron, viscount, earl, and marquess to duke, many countries had categories at the top or bottom of the nobility. The

4946:

Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas in Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de "Hidalguia"

4921:

Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas in Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de "Hidalguia"

4879:

Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas in Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de "Hidalguia"

2441:

The Gobernadorcillos exercised the command of the towns. They were Port Captains in coastal towns. They also had the rights and powers to elect assistants and several lieutenants and

2377:, where the qualifications of "nobility" (found in the service records) are attributed to those Filipinos who were admitted to the Spanish military academies and whose ancestors were 752:

in much of western Europe aside from Germany. In Eastern Europe, by contrast, with the exception of a few Hungarian estates, they usually descended to all sons or even all children.

307: 208:

There are often a variety of ranks within the noble class. Legal recognition of nobility has been much more common in monarchies, but nobility also existed in such regimes as the

4399:

The nobility of Valencia..are, by themselves, divided into three classes, blue blood, red blood, and yellow blood. Blue blood is confined to families who have been made grandees.

1760:, many members of the nobility were elevated to royalty as they became the monarchs of their princely states, but as many princely state rulers were reduced from royals to noble 513:. Usually privileges were granted or recognized by the monarch in association with possession of a specific title, office or estate. Most nobles' wealth derived from one or more 4460: 4387: 2983:

does not issue or recognize titles of nobility or any hereditary prerogatives and honors. Informally, however, a Mexican aristocracy remains a part of Mexican culture and its

4115: 4037: 2704:) who had long traditions of being led by monarchs and nobles, peerage traditions dating to the colonial and post-colonial imperial periods (in the case of such countries as 1130:

most of the titles of nobility have been tribal or military in nature. However the Ethiopian nobility resembled its European counterparts in some respects; until 1855, when

3197: 835: 819:

have disputed this so-called "Aristocratic Reaction". Various court and military positions were reserved by tradition for nobles who could "prove" an ancestry of at least

1572:

title, either of the traditional variety (which involves taking part in ritual re-enactments of your title's history during annual festivals, roughly akin to a British

1718: 4432:

One in particular, from Spain, of high rank and birth, of the sangre azul, the blue blood, who have the privilege of the silken cord if they should come to be hanged.

4090: 3885: 632:

not otherwise noble, the right to use a title of nobility, as commoners often purchased lordships). Only a member of the nobility who owned a countship was allowed,

2558:

or nobles were mounted warriors who swore allegiance to their sovereign and promised to fight for him in exchange for an allocation of land (usually together with

2802: 1152:(literally "King of Kings"). Despite its being a Christian monarchy, various Muslim states paid tribute to the emperors of Ethiopia for centuries: including the 463:

Although many societies have a privileged upper class with substantial wealth and power, the status is not necessarily hereditary and does not entail a distinct

2397:, there is a substantial number of records providing reference to the Philippine Islands, and while most parts correspond to the history of these islands, the 5742: 2304: 1386:

exercised both spiritual and political leadership. The word "Andriana" has been used to denote nobility in various ethnicities in Madagascar: including the

4509:

The Spanish community is divided into two great castes, those of pure Gothic or blue blood, and those of mixed Gothic and Moorish descent, or black blood.

550:, the major direct tax. Peasants were not only bound to the nobility by dues and services, but the exercise of their rights was often also subject to the 3910: 2822: 529:, European nobles typically commanded tribute in the form of entitlement to cash rents or usage taxes, labor or a portion of the annual crop yield from 1902:

Under a centralized system, the empire's governance was the responsibility of the Confucian-educated scholar-officials and the local gentry, while the

1889:

system marked the transformation of a power shift towards a full bureaucracy, though the process would not be truly completed until the Song dynasty.

1219: 858:. However, heraldry has never been restricted to the noble classes in most countries, and being armigerous does not necessarily demonstrate nobility. 5316: 1976: 1906:

were accorded gentry status. For male citizens, advancement in status was possible via garnering the top three positions in imperial examinations.

425:, sometimes associated with a right to bear a hereditary title and, for example in pre-revolutionary France, enjoying fiscal and other privileges. 2806: 1899:, titles of nobility were still granted by the emperor, but served merely as honorifics based on a loose system of favours to the Qing emperor. 4551: 5392: 2128:; for long periods, these held the real power without a real central government, and often plunged the country into a state of civil war. The 2523: 522:

realm and for career promotion, especially in the military, at court and often the higher functions in the government, judiciary and church.

1241: 932:

of Italy were explicitly acknowledged by the monarchs of those countries as members of the nobility, although untitled. In Scandinavia, the

6702: 1140:

its aristocracy was organized similarly to the feudal system in Europe during the Middle Ages. For more than seven centuries, Ethiopia (or

1006:

recorded since 1811 in the Annual Register and in 1834 for noble birth or descent; it is also known as a translation of the Spanish phrase

6470: 6345: 4180: 5183: 4148: 2712:), have left noble families in each of them that have ancestral ties to those nations' Indigenous and European families, especially the 554:

of courts and police from whose authority the actions of nobles were entirely or partially exempt. In some parts of Europe the right of

6355: 4787:

Scott, William Henry (1982). Cracks in the Parchment Curtain, and Other Essays in Philippine History. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.

4004: 2361: 2012:. Regarded as more religious than the general population, many people turn to them for clarification or guidance in religious matters. 1565:

due to their not being covered by the prohibition from involvement in politics that governs the activities of the traditional rulers.

6613: 4746: 4379: 2249: 1435:

has often formed part of the names of Malagasy kings, princes and nobles. Linguistic evidence suggests that the origin of the title

5511: 4420: 4107: 4060: 2112:

Medieval Japan developed a feudal system similar to the European system, where land was held in exchange for military service. The

4314:

The nobility of the British Gentry or the political ranks and dignities of the British Empire compared with those on the continent

4288: 6755: 6462: 6400: 4820: 3044: 2118:

class, or hereditary landowning nobles, held great socio-political power. As in Europe, they commanded private armies made up of

2054: 1123: 6742: 6442: 5773: 5419: 2566:, nobles gradually lost their role in raising and commanding private armies, as many nations created cohesive national armies. 2295:. These titles are the rough equivalents of European titles, albeit dependent on the actual wealth and prestige of the bearer. 625:(lordship) might include one or more manors surrounded by land and villages subject to a noble's prerogatives and disposition. 2315:

ordered that the indigenous rulers continue to receive the same honors and privileges accorded them prior their conversion to

6437: 5027: 4998: 4722: 4219: 3481: 5290: 5259: 5221: 6777: 6447: 4318: 3877: 3586: 3138: 721:. It is usually an acknowledged preeminence that is hereditary, i.e. the status descends exclusively to some or all of the 5137: 4712: 4087: 3196:

the federal and state governments from granting titles of nobility, in most cases citizens are not barred from accepting,

7127: 6480: 4444: 4239: 1506: 3160: 6628: 6608: 6587: 5279: 4792: 2917: 2618: 2411: 2316: 452:

in that the latter is mainly based on pedigree, income, possessions, or lifestyle. Being wealthy or influential cannot

118: 1892:

Titles of nobility became symbolic along with a stipend while governance of the country shifted to scholar officials.

6592: 6475: 6318: 5253: 5215: 5177: 5117: 5066: 4953: 4928: 4886: 4565: 4454: 4174: 4054: 3200:

or inheriting them. And, since at least 1953, the U.S. requires applicants for naturalization to renounce any titles.

2656:, relatively small landowners with perhaps one or two villages, were mostly noble in most countries, for example the 137: 90: 5054:

Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas

2530:

having had alliances with the Spanish Crown before the Kingdom took total control of most parts of the Archipelago.

2319:. The baptized nobility subsequently coalesced into the exclusive, landed ruling class of the lowlands known as the 862:, however, is an exception. In a number of recent cases in Scotland the Lord Lyon King of Arms has controversially ( 7468: 7316: 6695: 6340: 4850:

Las Pruebas de Nobleza y Genealogia en Filipinas y Los Archivios en Donde se Pueden Encontrar Antecedentes de Ellas

3601: 2776: 2661: 729:, descendants of a nobleman. In this respect, the nobility as a class has always been much more extensive than the 193:), and vary by country and by era. Membership in the nobility, including rights and responsibilities, is typically 159: 2610:. Since then, only 92 of them have this entitlement, of whom 90 are elected by the hereditary peers as a whole to 2976: 2949: 1925: 361:

originated as an informal designation for the political governing class who had allied interests, including both

1003: 97: 6330: 4970:, jefe de un barangay, ejercía funciones judiciales y administrativas. A los tres años tenía el tratamiento de 4344: 4339:

Court and in the Court of Session recognised as a 'titled nobility' and that the estait of the Baronage (i.e.,

2837: 2585:

This was coupled with a loss of the socio-economic power of the nobility, owing to the economic changes of the

2132:

class can be compared to European peers, and the samurai to European knights, but important differences exist.

75: 4036:(2003). Hall, Lesley; Lilley, Keith D.; MacMaster, Neil; Spellman, W. M.; Waite, Gary K.; Webb, Diana (eds.). 1195:

borne by those at the apex of medieval Ethiopian society. The highest royal title (after that of emperor) was

429:

to attach considerable significance to formal hereditary rank or titles. (Compare the entrenched position and

7372: 7339: 7291: 7186: 6623: 6395: 6390: 5874: 3814: 3657: 3401: 1022:. The idiom originates from ancient and medieval societies of Europe and distinguishes an upper class (whose 738: 5382: 902:. Most nations traditionally had an untitled lower nobility in addition to titled nobles. An example is the 6749: 6618: 6452: 6417: 6368: 6092: 5094:

Historia de los PP. Dominicos en las Islas Filipinas y en las Misiones del Japon, China, Tung-kin y Formosa

4297: 3925: 3003: 2855:, in 1889, the Brazilian nobility was discontinued. It was also prohibited, under penalty of accusation of 2242:

have indigenous nobility, partially influenced by Hindu, Chinese, and Islamic custom. Since ancient times,

1115: 350: 5308: 2913:

The term is used in reference to various groups throughout the entirety of Mexican history, from formerly

104: 6820: 6765: 6688: 6572: 6562: 6429: 5637: 5129:

Marcassa, Stefania, Jérôme Pouyet, and Thomas Trégouët. "Marriage strategy among the European nobility."

5048: 3155: 3088: 3010: 2680:

In addition to the nobility of a variety of native populations in what is now Latin America (such as the

1502: 1047:

Africa has a plethora of ancient lineages in its various constituent nations. Some, such as the numerous

4284:

are legally "Ensigns of Nobility", and although the historical accuracy of that interpretation has been

2874: 224:(1300–1798), and remains part of the legal social structure of some small non-hereditary regimes, e.g., 7169: 6552: 5891: 5412: 5058:

Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de "Hidalguia", 1953–1993: 40 años de un pensamiento

3764: 924: 655:

In other parts of Europe, sovereign rulers arrogated to themselves the exclusive prerogative to act as

2589:

and the growing economic importance of the merchant classes, which increased still further during the

2498: 1824:

In East Asia, the system was often modeled on imperial China, the leading culture. Emperors conferred

1340:

of Wollo, and later King of Zion, and even married into the Imperial family. He lived to see his son,

6975: 6889: 6577: 6517: 4019: 3220: 2841: 2503: 1910: 1694: 816: 748:

heritable by females and males alike. Noble estates, on the other hand, gradually came to descend by

480: 468: 279: 86: 71: 5154:

What Makes the Nobility Noble?: Comparative Perspectives from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century

1175:("governor") who were appointed nobles, often of humble birth, who formed the bulk of the nobility ( 7254: 7161: 6522: 6512: 5869: 5681: 3809: 3723: 3396: 2852: 2401:

did not exclude among its documents the presence of many genealogical records. The archives of the

2096: 603: 362: 253: 17: 2209:

illustrating ancient Filipino nobility wearing the distinctive colours of their social status: a

2041:("Son of a Shah), are now no longer recognised. An aristocratic family is now recognised by their 1764:. Hence, many nobles in the subcontinent had royal titles of Raja, Rai, Rana, Rao, etc. In Nepal, 936:

nations and Spain there are still untitled as well as titled families recognised in law as noble.

471:. Various republics, including European countries such as Greece, Turkey, and Austria, and former 7483: 7024: 7018: 7011: 6669: 6567: 6502: 5337: 4083: 2780: 1683: 1093:, claim descent from notables from outside of the continent. Most, such as those composed of the 956: 722: 64: 31: 2664:, who were hugely rich and politically powerful. In other countries the small groups of Spanish 7268: 6527: 6156: 5898: 4488:

Edinburgh; London: Adam and Charles Black; Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans. p. 537.

4211: 4205: 3143: 2972: 2883: 2771: 2740: 2221: 1357: 1324:

district of Tigray. The vast majority of titles borne by nobles were not, however, hereditary.

1171:("prince"), the hereditary nobility that formed the upper echelon of the ruling class; and the 978: 870: 823:(16 quarterings), indicating exclusively noble descent (as displayed, ideally, in the family's 398: 4164: 2783:

ever since that event and have been officially recognized by Bolivia's government since 2007.

1916:

The oldest held continuous noble title in Chinese history was that held by the descendants of

1866:

This development was gradual and generally only completed in full by the Song dynasty. In the

7090: 6582: 6557: 6547: 6537: 6532: 6385: 5453: 5405: 5167: 5105: 3292: 3022: 2996: 2961: 2879: 2590: 2550:

European nobility originated in the feudal/seignorial system that arose in Europe during the

2150: 804: 688: 221: 3971: 2088: 1576:) or the honorary variety (which does not involve the said re-enactments, roughly akin to a 1465:

In 2011, the Council of Kings and Princes of Madagascar endorsed the revival of a Christian

1344:, inherit the throne in 1913—only to be deposed in 1916 because of his conversion to Islam. 7306: 6760: 6643: 6638: 6542: 6412: 6363: 5757: 5723: 5708: 5544: 5491: 3769: 3083: 3061: 2957: 2657: 2574: 2497:

It must be recalled that ever since the beginning of the colonialization, the conquistador

1886: 1785: 1498: 1486: 1482: 1400: 186: 42: 4743: 608: 8: 7274: 7220: 7156: 7085: 7047: 6027: 5832: 5807: 5787: 5691: 5096:(Vol. 1 of 6 vols) (in Spanish). Madrid: Imprenta y esteriotipia de M Rivadeneyra, p. 146 4412: 3982: 3697: 3608: 3576: 3554: 3416: 3323: 2818: 2717: 2646: 2611: 2563: 2507: 2329: 1741: 1562: 1459: 1144:, as it was then known) was made up of many small kingdoms, principalities, emirates and 985: 807:", i.e. several generations of noble ancestry, to be eligible for offices and favours at 783: 233: 190: 178: 4142: 2352: 1352: 850:

and nobility; in those countries where heraldry is used, nobles have almost always been

7478: 7473: 7334: 7301: 7179: 7174: 7151: 6996: 6910: 6857: 6737: 6184: 6166: 6161: 6149: 5983: 5802: 5782: 5752: 5534: 5506: 4856:, 19531–993: 40 años de un pensamiento (in Castellano). Madrid: HIDALGUIA, pp. 234–235. 4545: 4285: 4046: 3996: 3937: 3851: 3840: 3779: 3625: 3591: 3549: 3443: 3438: 3421: 3406: 3333: 3165: 3039: 2941: 2906:

nobility of Mexico, with specific privileges and obligations determined in the various

2826: 2792: 2769:

For example, there is a ceremonial monarchy led by a titular ruler who is known as the

2709: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2511: 2491: 2466: 2434: 2337: 2333: 2312: 989: 839: 769: 612: 291: 217: 4813: 2736: 2458: 2421:

With the recognition of the Spanish monarchs came the privilege of being addressed as

1832:(crown prince), and equivalents of "prince" were accorded, and due to complexities in 421:, who might be a higher-ranking nobleman or a monarch. It rapidly became a hereditary 111: 7463: 7281: 7259: 7249: 7244: 7215: 7210: 6884: 6782: 6189: 6107: 5844: 5797: 5735: 5564: 5249: 5211: 5173: 5113: 5062: 5031: 5023: 5002: 4994: 4949: 4924: 4882: 4796: 4788: 4718: 4489: 4450: 4215: 4170: 4050: 4000: 3692: 3493: 3366: 3361: 3262: 3210: 2937: 2921: 2887: 2833: 2669: 2626: 2578: 2519: 2365: 2224:, red and blue), which are also used by royalty in Asia; a native princess; and a 2136: 2079: 1440: 1266: 1188: 1094: 1062: 941: 734: 526: 213: 2797: 2252:

principalities and sovereign dominions throughout the isles; in some areas the term

1477: 7326: 7321: 7225: 7145: 7113: 7096: 7080: 6905: 6834: 6633: 6507: 6407: 6237: 6045: 5935: 5886: 5859: 5612: 5607: 5460: 4771: 4273: 3986: 3929: 3906: 3856: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3613: 3581: 3564: 3513: 3386: 3381: 3306: 3215: 3180: 3066: 2925: 2907: 2869: 2860:

not return to the Brazilian soil until 1921, when the Banishment Law was repealed.

2848: 2763: 2759: 2713: 2705: 2622: 2462: 2341: 2332:

confirmed the privileges granted by his predecessors (in Title VII, Book VI of the

2105: 1980: 1903: 1875: 1825: 1781: 1656: 1553: 1282: 1157: 1141: 1127: 1098: 1023: 918: 877: 586: 476: 438: 275: 194: 150: 3991: 2569: 795: 647: 7296: 7122: 7074: 6942: 6378: 6070: 5881: 5627: 5617: 5294: 5287: 5243: 5205: 5141: 4862: 4750: 4535: 4343:) are of the ancient Feudal Nobility of Scotland". This title is not, however, a 4312: 4292: 4094: 3970:

Bengtsson, Erik; Missiaia, Anna; Olsson, Mats; Svensson, Patrick (12 June 2018).

3784: 3702: 3596: 3523: 3518: 3503: 3391: 3371: 3318: 3287: 3282: 3193: 2814: 2721: 2603: 2430: 2422: 2386: 2125: 1929: 1769: 1379: 1333: 1136: 1086: 1078: 1070: 880:, as distinct from noble rank, were not always recognised in law, e.g., Poland's 830: 800: 717: 708: 697: 163: 4369:Ölyvedi Vad Imre. (1930) Nemességi könyv. Koroknay-Nyomda. Szeged, Hungary. 85.p 4360:Ölyvedi Vad Imre. (1930) Nemességi könyv. Koroknay-Nyomda. Szeged, Hungary. 45p. 2149:

system after the British example, which granted seats in the upper house of the

1639:, India. The Nair caste was a martial nobility, similar to the Samurai of Japan. 1552:

Outside of this, many of the traditional nobles of Nigeria continue to serve as

7286: 7204: 7140: 7134: 7030: 6970: 6841: 6335: 6279: 6118: 6075: 6003: 5747: 5718: 5643: 5597: 5539: 5496: 5377: 5134: 4614: 4033: 3829: 3824: 3645: 3569: 3559: 3508: 3498: 3338: 3230: 3170: 2891: 2752: 2700: 2607: 2426: 2308: 2307:, the datus retained governance of their territories despite annexation to the 2273: 2225: 2050: 1984: 1871: 1797: 1777: 1712: 1620: 1600: 1597: 1161: 1153: 891: 855: 726: 672: 664: 577: 573: 245: 209: 198: 155: 7036: 4664: 4235: 3343: 2878:

A deputation of members of the Mexican nobility, presenting the throne of the

2357: 2321: 448:

Nobility is a historical, social, and often legal notion, differing from high

7457: 7432: 7041: 6176: 5973: 5762: 5632: 5622: 5580: 5554: 5549: 5486: 5446: 4687:"عائلات بارزة تدفع بأبنائها في الانتخابات لحفظ الميراث النيابي | مصر العربية" 4137: 3972:"The Wealth of the Richest: Inequality and the Nobility in Sweden, 1750–1900" 3846: 3738: 3677: 3452: 3375: 3349: 3235: 3098: 2779:

that were brought to Bolivia as slaves. They have provided leadership to the

2682: 2101: 2021: 1921: 1848: 1745: 1520: 1361: 1327:

Despite being largely dominated by Christian elements, some Muslims obtained

1306: 1183: 1054: 907: 903: 808: 774: 749: 730: 518: 514: 449: 442: 338: 4714:

Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali – Afaf Lutfi Sayyid-Marsot – Google Books

4493: 4301:

entry, 'Heraldry' (Volume 11), 3, The Law of Arms. 1613. The nature of arms.

1924:, which was renamed as the Sacrificial Official to Confucius in 1935 by the 704: 693: 585:

present in the European monarchies has no more privileges than the citizens

7427: 6209: 6136: 5915: 5905: 5824: 5574: 5481: 5431: 5245:

Les noblesses européennes de la fin du XVe siècle à la fin du XVIIIe siècle

4281: 3756: 3672: 3328: 3297: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3225: 2933: 2856: 2694: 2217: 2184: 2059: 2027: 1896: 1860: 1852: 1725: 1699: 1580:), grants an individual the right to use the word "chief" as a pre-nominal 1418: 1262: 1126:

that is almost as old as the country itself. Throughout the history of the

1110: 1090: 1030: 1011: 824: 658: 551: 500: 472: 464: 383: 269: 249: 229: 182: 5035: 5006: 2514:. Other independent polities that were not vassals to other States, e.g., 2229: 7409: 7364: 7001: 6373: 6204: 6194: 6144: 6126: 6037: 5998: 5792: 5703: 5686: 5393:

A few notes about grants of titles of nobility by modern Serbian Monarchs

5284:

Constitutional History of England since the Accession of George the Third

5207:

Noblesses et pouvoirs dans l'Europe d'Ancien Régime, Hachette Littérature

4900:

Los Saberes de la Nobleza Española y su Tradición: Familia, corte, libros

4482: 3789: 3486: 3433: 3105: 3049: 2965: 2766:, Bolivia has several groups that may fit into the category of nobility. 2586: 2551: 2482: 2382: 2239: 2206: 2067: 2042: 1882: 1867: 1856: 1833: 1757: 1569: 1544: 1532: 1292: 1131: 971: 963:

of an exclusive right to use of any given title by an established class.

812: 757: 598: 581: 555: 534: 4948:, 1953–1993: 40 años de un pensamiento (in Spanish). Madrid: HIDALGUIA. 4923:, 1953–1993: 40 años de un pensamiento (in Spanish). Madrid: HIDALGUIA. 4881:, 1953–1993: 40 años de un pensamiento (in Spanish). Madrid: HIDALGUIA. 4800: 4152:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 728. 3941: 2995:

A list of noble titles for different European countries can be found at

1932:. There is also a "Sacrificial Official to Mencius" for a descendant of 405:(in Europe and elsewhere), the nobility were generally those who held a 162:

and is filled with members that are selected from the aristocracy (both

7401: 6219: 5559: 3794: 3122: 2732: 2527: 1855:, which gradually gave way to a more bureaucratic one beginning in the 1577: 1526: 1443:

title of nobility. Before the colonization by France in the 1890s, the

1412: 1378:. In much of Madagascar, before French colonization of the island, the 1369: 1269:, such as the princes of Gojjam, Tigray, and Selalle. The heirs of the 1253: 960: 952: 484: 455: 430: 414: 389: 225: 4638: 3933: 397:

In modern usage, "nobility" is applied to the highest social class in

7383: 6787: 6680: 6265: 6260: 6227: 6199: 6087: 6082: 6018: 5993: 5940: 5854: 5569: 5501: 4278: 4201: 3728: 3718: 2984: 2953: 2895: 2851:, 1,211 noble titles were acknowledged. With the proclamation of the 2415: 2284: 2033: 1917: 1837: 1678: 1581: 1406: 1341: 1317: 1225: 1015: 827:) extending back five generations (all 16 great-great-grandparents). 763: 539: 410: 402: 295: 283: 257: 167: 6926: 4666:#مساء_الخير | محمود اباظة : حصلنا على لقب العيلة من سيدة شركسية 3878:"Move Over, Kate Middleton: These Commoners All Married Royals, Too" 3267: 2114: 1627: 1201:("king") which was held by hereditary governors of the provinces of 53: 7311: 6829: 6772: 6722: 6274: 6246: 6232: 6099: 6023: 6008: 5968: 5713: 3748: 3530: 3411: 3185: 3073: 3054: 2903: 2747:

From the many historical native chiefs and rulers of pre-Columbian

2515: 2443: 2288: 2214: 2210: 1993: 1805: 1761: 1612: 1424: 1394: 1374: 1296: 1287: 1235: 1202: 1066: 948:). Neither nobility nor titles could be transmitted through women. 882: 859: 847: 803:

to noblemen who could demonstrate that their lineage had extended "

778: 644:, although this restriction came to be increasingly ignored as the 530: 503:(1789). The rural third estate carries the clergy and the nobility. 418: 314: 306: 7438: 5110:

Naissance de la noblesse. L'essor des élites politiques en Europe.

2775:. The members of his dynasty are the direct descendants of an old 2373:

application of this comparison is the General Military Archive in

1796:

which meant functionary. Other noble and aristocratic titles were

1382:

were organised into a rigid social caste system, within which the

981:(1835–1914), a Finnish aristocrat, businessman, and the father of 7355: 7006: 6948: 6270: 6255: 6251: 6013: 5963: 5955: 5945: 5849: 5837: 5696: 5592: 5586: 5373:

Worldroots, a selection of art and genealogy of European nobility

5018:

Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1903).

4989:

Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1903).

4854:

Heraldica, Genealogia y Nobleza en los Editoriales de «Hidalguia»

4778:, Cleveland: The A.H. Clark Company, 1903, Vol. XVI, pp. 155–156. 3819: 3774: 3472: 3457: 3257: 2929: 2914: 2748: 2665: 2378: 2374: 2276: 2146: 2120: 2063: 1997: 1941: 1933: 1909:

The Qing appointed the Ming imperial descendants to the title of

1809: 1737: 1733: 1652: 1616: 1592: 1573: 1557: 1494: 1301: 945: 933: 895: 789: 743: 668: 576:

has largely been abolished in the Western World as intrinsically

572:

Since the end of World War I the hereditary nobility entitled to

356: 282:

added to names (such as "Prince", "Lord", or "Lady"), as well as

5387: 846:

This illustrates the traditional link in many countries between

799:

the old nobility pushed for restrictions of certain offices and

290:). Some countries have had non-hereditary nobility, such as the 6932: 6798: 6242: 6055: 5988: 5928: 5923: 5730: 5397: 4141: 3969: 3799: 3733: 3542: 3462: 3311: 3272: 3175: 3110: 3093: 2980: 2829:

were granted by the king of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.

2653: 2602:

progressively reduced by legislation. However, until 1999, all

2555: 2292: 2258: 2153:; this ended in 1947 following Japan's defeat in World War II. 2141: 2046: 2008: 2002: 1937: 1801: 1749: 1722: 1636: 1608: 1514: 1388: 1247: 1210: 1167:

Ethiopian nobility were divided into two different categories:

1049: 912: 899: 851: 676: 566: 546: 349:("noble but also secondarily well-known, famous, notable"). In 287: 2593:. In countries where the nobility was the dominant class, the 2473: 2220:

couple dressed in colours distinctive of their class (gold or

2193: 1940:, and a "Sacrificial Official to Yan Hui" for a descendant of 1863:, and by its peak power shifted from nobility to bureaucrats. 787:, increasingly resented the influence and pretensions of this 663:

within their realms. For example, in the United Kingdom royal

507:

Not all of the benefits of nobility derived from noble status

495: 7419: 6050: 5978: 5529: 5372: 5092:

FERRANDO, Fr Juan & FONSECA OSA, Fr Joaquin (1870–1872).

3804: 3712: 3667: 3618: 3426: 3133: 3078: 3034: 3027: 2688: 2543: 2264: 2175: 2166: 1813: 1753: 1711:

For the historical hierarchy of the Indian subcontinent, see

1687: 1648: 1643: 1321: 1214: 1206: 1197: 1082: 1074: 1019: 982: 887: 434: 422: 366: 38: 5369:, an on-line database of European noble genealogy (archived) 4108:"Half of England is owned by less than 1% of the population" 2649:, though their immediate families were recognised as noble. 7391: 6919: 6060: 5602: 5309:"El retorno del rey negro boliviano a sus raíces africanas" 3834: 3707: 3662: 3537: 3277: 2945: 2924:

states of present-day Mexico, to noble Mexican families of

2577:

in 1471. Large numbers of English nobility perished in the

2559: 2478: 2244: 2083: 2016: 1632: 1604: 1538: 1277:, indicative of the higher status they enjoyed relative to 1145: 1058: 975: 854:, and have used heraldry to demonstrate their ancestry and 562: 533:

or nobles of lower rank who lived or worked on the noble's

406: 374: 4317:(2nd ed.). London: T.Hookham – Simpkin and Marshall. 4236:"The consolidation of Noble Power in Europe, c. 1600–1800" 2964:(1862–1867); as well as bearers of titles and other noble 2538: 2447:, proportionate in number to the inhabitants of the town. 2238:

Like other Southeast Asian countries, many regions in the

2139:

in 1868, feudal titles and ranks were reorgnised into the

1728:, surrounded by nobles in his court in 18th-century India. 580:, and discredited as inferior in efficiency to individual 248:

were families descended from persons who had achieved the

4073:– via Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries. 3117: 2617:

The countries with the highest proportion of nobles were

2347: 2092:

Japanese samurai (from left the second and fourth), 1798.

1936:, a "Sacrificial Official to Zengzi" for a descendant of 1706: 1455: 1177: 671:, which also carries nobility and formerly a seat in the 2053:

in the Imperial Court and the provinces there were many

1261:

was accorded to the heads of various noble families and

3002:

For the proper address of holders of these titles, see

2283:) are currently used in some parts of the Philippines, 2248:

was the common title of a chief or monarch of the many

2104:—the most powerful and important family of nobility in 1281:

who were not of the blood imperial. There were various

1191:). In Ethiopia there were titles of nobility among the 177:

is a social class found in many societies that have an

2968:

granted by foreign powers who have settled in Mexico.

37:

For "kings" in the personal characteristic sense, see

2948:), untitled noble families of Mexico, and holders of 1305:, a title created for the descendants of the deposed 715:

Nobility might be either inherited or conferred by a

4446:

The politics of aristocratic empires by John Kautsky

4295:, Innes of Learney's perspective is accepted in the 2910:

that historically ruled over the Mexican territory.

310:

Nobility offered protection in exchange for service.

5047: 4814:"Recopilación de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias" 2298: 1469:monarchy that would blend modernity and tradition. 890:or its equivalent, are commonly referred to as the 78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4978:Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana 679:of land nor rights to the local peasants' output. 569:and was an accepted manner of resolving disputes. 499:A French political cartoon of the three orders of 260:whose ancestors were consuls were also considered 4974:y se reconocía capacidad para ser gobernadorcillo 4639:"عائلات تحكم مصر.. 1 ـ "الأباظية" عائلة الباشوات" 3378:nobility in the modern area of Estonia and Latvia 2506:, which previously existed in a few cases, e.g., 7455: 4980:. VII. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, S. A. 1921, p. 624. 2672:had great prestige but little additional power. 2621:(15% of an 18th-century population of 800,000), 2562:living thereon). During the period known as the 1033:explains the genesis of the blue blood concept: 4898:Ceballos-Escalera y Gila, Alfonso, ed. (2016). 4753:, July 28, 1953 – Bamboo Breeze – Vol. 6, No. 3 4480: 4210:. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. pp. 4039:The European Nobility in the Eighteenth Century 2477:A pre-colonial Tagalog couple belonging to the 1776:) was a title and position used by nobility of 761:, most particularly the members of the various 441:is in the hands of aristocrats and traditional 433:expectations of the nobility of the Kingdom of 2975:has prohibited the state from recognizing any 2019:, historical titles of the nobility including 1736:formed a class of aristocracy associated with 1291:, reserved for males of the family of Empress 767:, were ennobled by the king, constituting the 6696: 5413: 4710: 2356:Typical costume of a family belonging to the 1752:emerged who initially served as governors of 475:countries and places in the Americas such as 30:"Nobles" redirects here. For other uses, see 6317: 6097: 3528: 2932:, and other European descent, which include 2450: 863: 645: 639: 633: 626: 620: 558:long remained the privilege of every noble. 417:and various, mainly military, services to a 5241: 5152:Jorn Leonhard, and Christian Wieland, eds. 4481:Malte-Brun, Conrad; Balbi, Adriano (1842). 4169:. Cambridge University Press. p. 117. 1740:, developing after the 10th century in the 1501:which is led by its reigning monarchs, the 1118:(center) and members of the imperial court. 682: 656: 508: 453: 387: 372: 354: 343: 331: 262: 238: 6703: 6689: 5420: 5406: 5172:. Cambridge University Press. p. 25. 5041: 4550:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 181:. It is normally ranked immediately below 5342:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services 5306: 4848:Cf. DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente (1993). 4410: 3990: 2390:considered noble, regardless of fortune. 138:Learn how and when to remove this message 6305: 5165: 4711:Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lutfi (2024-02-24). 4449:. Transaction Publishers. January 1997. 4304: 4207:Titles: How the King became His Highness 4162: 4136: 4032: 3471: 3009:For the English Knowledge category, see 2873: 2813:The nobility in Brazil began during the 2796: 2731: 2641:into Great Britain, there were only 168 2568: 2537: 2472: 2457: 2364:. Exhibit in the Villa Escudero Museum, 2351: 2095: 2087: 1975: 1717: 1693: 1677: 1642: 1626: 1591: 1476: 1351: 1295:who ruled over the mountain fortress of 1109: 970: 886:. European ranks of nobility lower than 829: 703: 692: 602: 565:established the status of a respectable 494: 313: 305: 168:ennobled only for their individual lives 149: 4770:, lib. vi, tit. VII, ley xvi. Also cf. 4310: 3258:Indonesian (Dutch East Indies) nobility 1014:and high nobility who claimed to be of 898:of the British Isles are deemed titled 733:-based titled nobility, which included 667:are necessary to obtain a title of the 252:. Those who belonged to the hereditary 14: 7456: 6710: 4662: 4621:(in Korean), Academy of Korean Studies 4524:Little, Brown and Company, 1983, p. 67 4010:from the original on 15 September 2018 3951:from the original on 15 September 2018 3905: 2886:in 1863. He was a descendant of prior 2348:Filipino nobles during the Spanish era 1987:, Egypt's largest aristocratic family. 1707:India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal 382:with an ancestor who had risen to the 6684: 6304: 5661: 5401: 5307:Rodríguez, Andres (19 January 2018). 4944:DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente (1993). 4919:DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente (1993). 4906:, N. 68 (Octubre-Diciembre 2016, p. 4 4877:DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente (1993). 4533: 3482:Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy 2990: 2606:were entitled to sit and vote in the 2481:class or nobility as depicted in the 2311:. In a law signed 11 June 1594, King 1859:(221 BC). This continued through the 1756:, later becoming independent. In the 1748:, a class of administrators known as 1360:was from the Andriana stratum of the 1217:. The next highest seven titles were 1148:, which owed their allegiance to the 815:descent, although historians such as 5338:"Chapter 2 – The Oath of Allegiance" 5273: 5248:. Presses universitaires de France. 5203: 4200: 4118:from the original on 30 October 2021 1874:period with the introduction of the 76:adding citations to reliable sources 47: 4966:Durante la dominación española, el 4261:Essays on Eighteenth Century France 4194: 2762:and that has ancestral ties to the 1507:subnational kingdoms of the country 793:nobility. In the last years of the 490: 24: 5663: 5662: 4776:The Philippine Islands (1493–1898) 4311:Larence, Sir James Henry (1827) . 1885:, however, the institution of the 41:. For a list of noble houses, see 25: 7495: 5360: 5288:Volume I, Chapter 5, pp. 273–281. 5280:Farnborough, T. E. May, 1st Baron 5061:(in Spanish). Madrid: HIDALGUIA. 5020:The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898 4991:The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898 2662:a far smaller class of "magnates" 1847:China had a feudal system in the 6797: 6665: 6664: 5427: 5169:The European nobility, 1400–1800 5131:Explorations in Economic History 4380:"The annual register. v.51 1809" 4166:The European nobility, 1400–1800 2973:Political Constitution of Mexico 2675: 2385:, notable Tagalogs, chieftains, 2299:Recognition by the Spanish Crown 2192: 2183: 2174: 2165: 1971: 1439:is traceable back to an ancient 675:, but never came with automatic 160:Parliament of the United Kingdom 158:is the upper legislature of the 52: 27:Official privileged social class 5330: 5319:from the original on 2020-11-09 5300: 5297:London: Longmans, Green and Co. 5262:from the original on 2022-04-07 5235: 5224:from the original on 2022-04-07 5197: 5186:from the original on 2022-04-07 5159: 5146: 5123: 5099: 5086: 5075:from the original on 2022-04-07 5012: 4983: 4959: 4934: 4909: 4892: 4867: 4837: 4826:from the original on 2017-03-28 4806: 4781: 4774:and James Alexander Robertson, 4756: 4737: 4704: 4679: 4656: 4631: 4606: 4582: 4558: 4527: 4514: 4500:from the original on 2021-09-25 4474: 4463:from the original on 2016-05-27 4437: 4423:from the original on 2020-02-15 4404: 4390:from the original on 2021-09-25 4372: 4363: 4354: 4332: 4321:from the original on 2013-05-26 4266: 4253: 4242:from the original on 2013-12-13 4228: 4183:from the original on 2022-04-07 3979:Scandinavian Journal of History 3888:from the original on 2018-10-25 2256:was also used. With the titles 2055:Ottoman titles and appellations 1285:in Ethiopia: including that of 910:. Unlike England's gentry, the 607:Opening of the Hungarian Diet ( 63:needs additional citations for 6306: 4717:. Cambridge University Press. 4534:Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1979). 4156: 4130: 4100: 4077: 4026: 3963: 3899: 3870: 2838:Brazilian Constitution of 1824 2619:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 2156: 1792:is derived from Sanskrit word 1702:Bestows a Jewel on a Nobleman. 1053:families of North Africa, the 1010:, which described the Spanish 966: 592: 561:During the early Renaissance, 409:, often land or office, under 13: 1: 5242:Jean-Pierre, Labatut (1981). 4612: 3992:10.1080/03468755.2018.1480538 3863: 3815:Patrician (post-Roman Europe) 3658:Australian peers and baronets 3453:British gentry/minor nobility 3402:Peerage of the United Kingdom 1668: 1499:class of traditional notables 1347: 1313:, held by the descendants of 319: 185:. Nobility has often been an 5388:Genesis of European Nobility 5049:DE CADENAS Y VICENT, Vicente 4689:. 2019-02-20. Archived from 4298:Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia 3926:University of Illinois Press 3004:Royal and noble title styles 2954:Viceroyalty of the New Spain 2902:The Mexican nobility were a 2847:During the existence of the 2836:. However, according to the 2827:Brazilian titles of nobility 2823:united kingdom with Portugal 2395:Real Academia de la Historia 1655:aristocrats were carried in 1116:Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia 1018:descent, in contrast to the 838:in the typical dress of the 329:The term derives from Latin 7: 4351:ranks in England as gentry. 3715:(social hierarchy of India) 3685: 3476:Burmese nobles and servants 3355: 3156:Canadian peers and baronets 3149: 3089:Nigerian traditional rulers 3016: 3011:Category:Nobility by nation 2741:Queen of the Afro-Bolivians 2639:England and Scotland united 1503:Nigerian traditional rulers 1105: 386:through his own merit (see 10: 7500: 5512:Weberian (three-component) 3918:Illinois Classical Studies 3765:List of fictional nobility 3651: 3192:United States – While its 3008: 3001: 2867: 2790: 2727: 2077: 1710: 1472: 686: 638:, to style himself as its 615:in the Royal Palace, 1865. 596: 301: 36: 29: 7418: 7400: 7382: 7363: 7354: 7235: 7197: 7106: 7067: 7060: 6986: 6960: 6898: 6877: 6870: 6850: 6813: 6806: 6795: 6730: 6719: 6660: 6601: 6493: 6461: 6428: 6354: 6326: 6313: 6300: 6218: 6175: 6135: 6117: 6036: 5954: 5914: 5823: 5816: 5771: 5674: 5670: 5657: 5520: 5474: 5470: 5441: 5166:Jonathan, Dewald (1996). 4411:Edgeworth, Maria (1857). 4163:Jonathan, Dewald (1996). 4020:Lund University Libraries 3221:Indian peers and baronets 3204: 2863: 2842:Brazilian imperial family 2786: 2758:that dates to the era of 2660:. At the top, Poland had 2533: 2516:Confederation of Madja-as 2360:of the late 19th century 2305:islands' Christianization 1911:Marquis of Extended Grace 1773: 1042: 6634:Pre-industrial East Asia 4088:Who really owns Britain? 3810:Patrician (ancient Rome) 3724:False titles of nobility 3397:Peerage of Great Britain 3161:French-Canadian nobility 2979:since 1917. The present 2894:, the crown jewel being 2853:First Brazilian Republic 2807:Prime Minister of Brazil 2073: 1950: 1819: 1489:, on his throne in 2016. 1336:who converted, was made 755:In France, some wealthy 683:Rank within the nobility 437:.) More than a third of 413:, i.e., in exchange for 7469:Estates (social groups) 6721:(*) : state where 5682:Administrative detainee 4663:CBCtwo (May 10, 2014). 4149:Encyclopædia Britannica 2821:. When Brazil became a 2781:Afro-Bolivian community 2777:African tribal monarchy 2510:'s overlordship of the 2499:Miguel López de Legazpi 2433:(elected leader of the 2328:On 22 March 1697, King 1928:. The title is held by 1784:(1768–1846). Historian 1635:nobles in 18th century 1587: 957:fake titles of nobility 298:in the United Kingdom. 164:hereditary titleholders 32:Nobles (disambiguation) 6098: 4594:contents.history.go.kr 4570:contents.history.go.kr 3911:"Tacitean "Nobilitas"" 3529: 3477: 3144:Zimbabwean chieftaincy 2899: 2884:Maximilian I of Mexico 2810: 2744: 2582: 2547: 2502:replacing the similar 2486: 2470: 2369: 2109: 2093: 1988: 1729: 1703: 1691: 1675: 1640: 1624: 1490: 1365: 1358:Radama I of Madagascar 1119: 1040: 993: 979:Carl Robert Mannerheim 871:Chiefs of Clan MacLeod 864: 843: 773:. The old nobility of 712: 701: 657: 646: 640: 634: 627: 621: 616: 611:) with the members of 509: 504: 454: 388: 373: 355: 344: 332: 326: 311: 263: 239: 171: 6639:Pre-industrial Europe 5106:Karl Ferdinand Werner 4768:Recapilación de leyes 4764:Ley de Junio 11, 1594 4537:Regmi Research Series 3475: 3023:Botswanan chieftaincy 2997:Royal and noble ranks 2981:United Mexican States 2962:Second Mexican Empire 2960:(1821–1823), and the 2877: 2800: 2735: 2612:represent the peerage 2591:Industrial Revolution 2572: 2541: 2476: 2461: 2355: 2099: 2091: 1979: 1816:, Pradhan, Kaji etc. 1721: 1697: 1681: 1646: 1630: 1615:, Istamuradars & 1595: 1480: 1355: 1320:, who ruled over the 1113: 1035: 974: 833: 811:along with nobles of 739:in the United Kingdom 707: 696: 689:Royal and noble ranks 606: 498: 467:, nor differentiated 450:socio-economic status 351:ancient Roman society 317: 309: 222:Old Swiss Confederacy 153: 6496: or countries 6307:By country or region 5545:Class discrimination 5204:Jean, Meyer (1973). 5112:Fayard, Paris 1998, 4675:– via YouTube. 4540:. Nepal. p. 43. 3983:Taylor & Francis 3770:List of noble houses 3587:Montenegrin nobility 3312:Burmese Mon nobility 3084:Nigerian Chieftaincy 3062:Ghanaian chieftaincy 2958:First Mexican Empire 2952:acquired during the 2658:Polish landed gentry 2575:Battle of Tewkesbury 2485:of the 16th century. 1887:Imperial examination 1786:Mahesh Chandra Regmi 1095:descendants of Shaka 399:pre-modern societies 318:French aristocrats, 220:(697–1797), and the 72:improve this article 43:List of noble houses 6783:South Africa (Zulu) 6028:Vanniar (Chieftain) 5133:75 (2020): 101303. 4097:, 16. October 2010. 3698:Aristocracy (class) 3668:Polynesian nobility 3609:Portuguese nobility 3577:Lithuanian nobility 3324:Vietnamese nobility 2825:in 1815, the first 2819:Portuguese nobility 2564:Military Revolution 2508:Sultanate of Brunei 2435:Cabezas de Barangay 2429:. For example, the 2330:Charles II of Spain 1742:Indian subcontinent 1684:aristocratic family 1603:showing the Chief ( 1487:Muhammadu Sanusi II 1460:morganatic marriage 1099:those of Moshoeshoe 986:C. G. E. Mannerheim 652:drew to its close. 234:Classical Antiquity 187:estate of the realm 6609:18th-century Spain 6463:Standard of living 6167:Upper middle class 6162:Lower middle class 5753:Political prisoner 5535:Chattering classes 5507:Spoon class theory 5293:2008-06-22 at the 5140:2021-07-14 at the 4904:Cuadernos de Ayala 4861:2015-06-23 at the 4749:2020-02-19 at the 4744:The Olongapo Story 4566:"교과서 용어해설 | 우리역사넷" 4347:, thus Scotland's 4291:2010-01-09 at the 4093:2021-11-04 at the 4047:Palgrave Macmillan 3852:Social environment 3841:Redorer son blason 3780:Nobiliary particle 3626:Ruthenian nobility 3592:Norwegian nobility 3555:Icelandic nobility 3550:Hungarian nobility 3478: 3444:Chiefs of the Name 3346:of the Philippines 3334:Mongolian nobility 3166:Brazilian nobility 3045:Ethiopian nobility 3035:Burundian nobility 2991:Nobility by nation 2977:titles of nobility 2950:titles of nobility 2940:(ennobled by King 2900: 2811: 2793:Brazilian nobility 2772:Afro-Bolivian king 2745: 2635:Kingdom of Hungary 2583: 2548: 2512:Kingdom of Maynila 2492:Laws of the Indies 2487: 2471: 2370: 2334:Laws of the Indies 2313:Philip II of Spain 2205:: Images from the 2110: 2094: 1989: 1826:titles of nobility 1730: 1704: 1692: 1676: 1641: 1625: 1607:) and the nobles ( 1584:while in Nigeria. 1491: 1366: 1120: 1102:social positions. 994: 990:Marshal of Finland 844: 840:Hungarian nobility 801:orders of chivalry 735:peerages in France 713: 702: 617: 613:hungarian nobility 505: 327: 312: 254:patrician families 218:Republic of Venice 172: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7350: 7349: 7264:Baltic countries 7056: 7055: 6866: 6865: 6678: 6677: 6656: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6489: 6488: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6190:Lumpenproletariat 5692:illegal immigrant 5653: 5652: 5565:Classless society 5028:978-1-333-01347-9 4999:978-1-333-01347-9 4724:978-0-521-28968-9 4417:Project Gutenberg 4221:978-1-56619-085-5 4114:. 17 April 2019. 3907:Oliver, Revilo P. 3693:Almanach de Gotha 3494:Croatian nobility 3412:Scottish noblesse 3367:Austrian nobility 3362:Albanian nobility 3263:Japanese nobility 3211:Armenian nobility 3194:constitution bars 3074:Malagasy nobility 3040:Egyptian nobility 2956:(1521–1821), the 2908:political systems 2834:emperor of Brazil 2803:Marquis of Paraná 2579:Wars of the Roses 2520:Rajahnate of Cebu 2467:Hispanic Hidalgos 2453:status questionis 2366:San Pablo, Laguna 2213:noble couple; a 2137:Meiji Restoration 2100:Genealogy of the 2080:Japanese nobility 1926:Republic of China 1554:privy counsellors 1372:are known as the 1283:hereditary titles 1267:Solomonic dynasty 1189:Holy Roman Empire 1063:Solomonic dynasty 1024:superficial veins 942:House of Habsburg 928:of Spain and the 878:hereditary titles 876:In some nations, 834:Hungarian prince 527:French Revolution 367:plebeian families 341:of the adjective 276:Hereditary titles 256:were nobles, but 216:(1005–1815), the 214:Republic of Genoa 212:(1581–1795), the 148: 147: 140: 122: 16:(Redirected from 7491: 7410:Marshall Islands 7361: 7360: 7236:Central, Eastern 7065: 7064: 6875: 6874: 6811: 6810: 6801: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6682: 6681: 6668: 6667: 6495: 6396:Mexican-American 6324: 6323: 6315: 6314: 6302: 6301: 6103: 6046:Business magnate 5936:Knowledge worker 5821: 5820: 5709:dual or multiple 5672: 5671: 5659: 5658: 5613:Social exclusion 5608:Social cleansing 5522: 5472: 5471: 5461:Economic classes 5422: 5415: 5408: 5399: 5398: 5383:Etymology OnLine 5354: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5304: 5298: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5191: 5163: 5157: 5150: 5144: 5127: 5121: 5103: 5097: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5045: 5039: 5016: 5010: 4987: 4981: 4963: 4957: 4938: 4932: 4913: 4907: 4896: 4890: 4871: 4865: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4831: 4825: 4818: 4810: 4804: 4785: 4779: 4772:Emma Helen Blair 4760: 4754: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4673: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4643:albawabhnews.com 4635: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4626: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4541: 4531: 4525: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4505: 4485:of the world ... 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4468: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4429: 4428: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4396: 4395: 4376: 4370: 4367: 4361: 4358: 4352: 4336: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4326: 4308: 4302: 4274:Innes of Learney 4270: 4264: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4188: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4145: 4143:"Nobility" 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4104: 4098: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4071: 4065: 4059:. Archived from 4044: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4017: 4015: 4009: 3994: 3976: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3950: 3915: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3893: 3874: 3857:Symbolic capital 3641:Swedish nobility 3636:Spanish nobility 3631:Serbian nobility 3614:Russian nobility 3582:Maltese nobility 3565:Italian nobility 3534: 3514:Finnish nobility 3417:Scottish peerage 3387:British nobility 3382:Belgian nobility 3307:Burmese nobility 3293:Tachibana family 3216:Chinese nobility 3181:Mexican nobility 3134:Rwandan nobility 3067:Akan chieftaincy 2920:families of the 2870:Mexican nobility 2849:Empire of Brazil 2801:Portrait of the 2764:Spanish nobility 2760:colonial Bolivia 2714:Spanish nobility 2604:hereditary peers 2431:Gobernadorcillos 2196: 2187: 2178: 2169: 2106:history of Japan 1996:or the clans of 1981:Aziz Pasha Abaza 1876:Nine-rank system 1782:Kingdom of Nepal 1780:(1559–1768) and 1775: 1673: 1670: 1631:Illustration of 1368:The nobility in 1158:Emirate of Harar 1128:Ethiopian Empire 919:noblesse de robe 916:of Germany, the 867: 770:noblesse de robe 662: 651: 643: 637: 630: 624: 512: 491:Noble privileges 469:forms of address 459: 393: 378: 360: 347: 335: 324: 321: 292:Empire of Brazil 266: 244:(nobles) of the 242: 143: 136: 132: 129: 123: 121: 80: 56: 48: 21: 7499: 7498: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7443: 7414: 7396: 7378: 7346: 7237: 7231: 7193: 7135:The Netherlands 7102: 7052: 6982: 6956: 6894: 6862: 6846: 6802: 6793: 6726: 6715: 6709: 6679: 6674: 6648: 6597: 6485: 6457: 6424: 6408:Underprivileged 6350: 6309: 6308: 6284: 6214: 6171: 6131: 6113: 6032: 5950: 5910: 5812: 5767: 5666: 5665: 5649: 5628:Social position 5618:Social mobility 5516: 5466: 5437: 5436: 5426: 5363: 5358: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5336: 5335: 5331: 5322: 5320: 5305: 5301: 5295:Wayback Machine 5278: 5274: 5265: 5263: 5256: 5240: 5236: 5227: 5225: 5218: 5202: 5198: 5189: 5187: 5180: 5164: 5160: 5151: 5147: 5142:Wayback Machine 5128: 5124: 5104: 5100: 5091: 5087: 5078: 5076: 5069: 5046: 5042: 5017: 5013: 4988: 4984: 4964: 4960: 4939: 4935: 4914: 4910: 4897: 4893: 4872: 4868: 4863:Wayback Machine 4842: 4838: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4816: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4786: 4782: 4761: 4757: 4751:Wayback Machine 4742: 4738: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4709: 4705: 4696: 4694: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4671: 4669: 4661: 4657: 4648: 4646: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4624: 4622: 4611: 4607: 4598: 4596: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4574: 4572: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4543: 4542: 4532: 4528: 4519: 4515: 4503: 4501: 4479: 4475: 4466: 4464: 4457: 4443: 4442: 4438: 4426: 4424: 4409: 4405: 4393: 4391: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4341:Barones Minores 4337: 4333: 4324: 4322: 4309: 4305: 4293:Wayback Machine 4271: 4267: 4258: 4254: 4245: 4243: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4199: 4195: 4186: 4184: 4177: 4161: 4157: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4119: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4095:Wayback Machine 4082: 4078: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4049:. p. 243. 4042: 4034:Lukowski, Jerzy 4031: 4027: 4013: 4011: 4007: 3974: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3913: 3904: 3900: 3891: 3889: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3785:Noblesse oblige 3703:Ascribed status 3688: 3673:Samoan nobility 3663:Fijian nobility 3654: 3597:Polish nobility 3524:German nobility 3519:French nobility 3504:Danish nobility 3407:English peerage 3392:British peerage 3372:Baltic nobility 3358: 3319:Korean nobility 3288:Minamoto family 3283:Fujiwara family 3207: 3152: 3139:Somali nobility 3079:Malian nobility 3019: 3014: 3007: 2993: 2872: 2866: 2795: 2789: 2737:Angélica Larrea 2730: 2716:, but also the 2678: 2536: 2522:, were more of 2456: 2350: 2301: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2222:imperial yellow 2199: 2198: 2197: 2189: 2188: 2180: 2179: 2171: 2170: 2159: 2086: 2078:Main articles: 2076: 1974: 1953: 1930:Kung Tsui-chang 1822: 1716: 1709: 1671: 1590: 1563:political elite 1475: 1380:Malagasy people 1350: 1334:Mikael of Wollo 1275:Le'ul Dejazmach 1257:. The title of 1137:Zemene Mesafint 1122:Ethiopia has a 1108: 1079:Zulfikar family 1071:De Souza family 1045: 969: 922:of France, the 842:, 18th century. 821:seize quartiers 784:noblesse d'épée 709:Polish magnates 698:Polish magnates 691: 685: 601: 595: 493: 322: 304: 144: 133: 127: 124: 81: 79: 69: 57: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7497: 7487: 7486: 7484:Social classes 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7449: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7430: 7428:Samoan Islands 7424: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7412: 7406: 7404: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7388: 7386: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7369: 7367: 7358: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7272: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7241: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7229: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7189: 7187:United Kingdom 7184: 7183: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7146:United Kingdom 7143: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7117: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7094: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7071: 7069: 7062: 7058: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7039: 7034: 7028: 7022: 7016: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6990: 6988: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6964: 6962: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6945: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6930: 6923: 6913: 6908: 6902: 6900: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6887: 6881: 6879: 6872: 6868: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6860: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6838: 6837: 6835:post-Columbian 6832: 6824: 6817: 6815: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6769: 6768: 6758: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6745: 6734: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6708: 6707: 6700: 6693: 6685: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6629:Ottoman Empire 6626: 6621: 6616: 6614:Ancient Greece 6611: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6588:United Kingdom 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6499: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6481:Home-ownership 6478: 6473: 6467: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6434: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6405: 6404: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6383: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6360: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6336:American Dream 6333: 6327: 6321: 6311: 6310: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6282: 6277: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6249: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6224: 6222: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6181: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6153: 6152: 6141: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6111: 6104: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6042: 6040: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5960: 5958: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5920: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5864: 5863: 5862: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5829: 5827: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5779: 5777: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5748:Migrant worker 5745: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5684: 5678: 5676: 5668: 5667: 5664:By demographic 5655: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5644:Status Anxiety 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5598:Ranked society 5595: 5590: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5540:Class conflict 5537: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5523: topics 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5497:Mudsill theory 5494: 5489: 5484: 5478: 5476: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5417: 5410: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5378:Worldwidewords 5375: 5370: 5362: 5361:External links 5359: 5356: 5355: 5344:. 4 April 2023 5329: 5299: 5272: 5254: 5234: 5216: 5196: 5178: 5158: 5145: 5122: 5098: 5085: 5067: 5040: 5011: 4982: 4958: 4933: 4908: 4891: 4866: 4836: 4805: 4793:978-9711000004 4780: 4755: 4736: 4723: 4703: 4678: 4655: 4630: 4605: 4581: 4557: 4526: 4520:Robert Lacey, 4513: 4473: 4455: 4436: 4403: 4371: 4362: 4353: 4331: 4303: 4272:An opinion of 4265: 4263:, London, 1995 4252: 4227: 4220: 4193: 4175: 4155: 4140:, ed. (1911). 4138:Chisholm, Hugh 4129: 4099: 4076: 4055: 4025: 3962: 3898: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3837: 3832: 3830:Princely state 3827: 3825:Petty nobility 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3759: 3754: 3751: 3746: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3675: 3665: 3660: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3646:Swiss nobility 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3611: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3573: 3572: 3570:Black Nobility 3562: 3560:Irish nobility 3557: 3552: 3547: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3509:Dutch nobility 3506: 3501: 3499:Czech nobility 3496: 3491: 3490: 3489: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3446: 3436: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3384: 3379: 3369: 3364: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3352: 3347: 3341: 3339:Ottoman titles 3336: 3331: 3329:Malay nobility 3326: 3321: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3304: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3275: 3270: 3260: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3231:Basnyat family 3223: 3218: 3213: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3201: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3178: 3173: 3171:Cuban nobility 3168: 3163: 3158: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3059: 3058: 3057: 3052: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3018: 3015: 2992: 2989: 2892:Spanish Empire 2890:rulers of the 2882:to the future 2880:Mexican Empire 2868:Main article: 2865: 2862: 2791:Main article: 2788: 2785: 2729: 2726: 2677: 2674: 2670:Peer of France 2608:House of Lords 2554:. Originally, 2535: 2532: 2463:Heraldic Crown 2455: 2449: 2427:Spanish Empire 2349: 2346: 2309:Spanish Empire 2300: 2297: 2228:royal and his 2201: 2200: 2191: 2190: 2182: 2181: 2173: 2172: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2145:, a five-rank 2135:Following the 2075: 2072: 2062:, of maternal 2051:Ottoman Empire 1985:House of Abaza 1973: 1970: 1952: 1949: 1872:Three Kingdoms 1853:Zhou dynasties 1821: 1818: 1788:suggests that 1778:Gorkha Kingdom 1723:Maratha Peshwa 1713:princely state 1708: 1705: 1651:, royalty and 1589: 1586: 1474: 1471: 1349: 1346: 1263:cadet branches 1162:Awsa sultanate 1154:Adal Sultanate 1107: 1104: 1087:Sherbro Tucker 1044: 1041: 968: 965: 892:petty nobility 856:family history 725:, and usually 687:Main article: 684: 681: 673:House of Lords 665:letters patent 597:Main article: 594: 591: 589:in republics. 578:discriminatory 574:special rights 537:or within his 501:feudal society 492: 489: 394:, "new man"). 303: 300: 246:Roman Republic 232:in Europe. In 210:Dutch Republic 156:House of Lords 146: 145: 60: 58: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7496: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7440: 7437: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7417: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7381: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7353: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7234: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7188: 7185: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7163: 7162:Great Britain 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7098: 7095: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7049: 7046: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6977: 6976:Indo-European 6974: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6959: 6951: 6950: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6897: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6876: 6873: 6869: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6840: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6830:pre-Columbian 6828: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6809: 6805: 6800: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6724: 6718: 6713: 6706: 6701: 6699: 6694: 6692: 6687: 6686: 6683: 6671: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6593:United States 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6494:Other regions 6492: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6319:United States 6316: 6312: 6303: 6299: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6035: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5900: 5897: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5883: 5880: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5815: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5770: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5758:Socioeconomic 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5732: 5729: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5645: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5633:Social stigma 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5623:Social orphan 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5582: 5581:Nouveau riche 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5555:Class traitor 5553: 5551: 5550:Class society 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5519: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5487:Gilbert model 5485: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5423: 5418: 5416: 5411: 5409: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5276: 5261: 5257: 5255:9782130353447 5251: 5247: 5246: 5238: 5223: 5219: 5217:9782346228201 5213: 5209: 5208: 5200: 5185: 5181: 5179:0-521-42528-X 5175: 5171: 5170: 5162: 5155: 5149: 5143: 5139: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5119: 5118:2-213-02148-1 5115: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5095: 5089: 5074: 5070: 5068:9788487204548 5064: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5050: 5044: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4979: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4955: 4954:9788487204548 4951: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4930: 4929:9788487204548 4926: 4922: 4918: 4912: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4888: 4887:9788487204548 4884: 4880: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4840: 4822: 4815: 4809: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4784: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4752: 4748: 4745: 4740: 4726: 4720: 4716: 4715: 4707: 4693:on 2019-02-20 4692: 4688: 4682: 4668: 4667: 4659: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4571: 4567: 4561: 4553: 4547: 4539: 4538: 4530: 4523: 4517: 4510: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4477: 4462: 4458: 4456:9781412838351 4452: 4448: 4447: 4440: 4433: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4407: 4400: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4366: 4357: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4335: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4307: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4275: 4269: 4262: 4256: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4223: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4197: 4182: 4178: 4176:0-521-42528-X 4172: 4168: 4167: 4159: 4151: 4150: 4144: 4139: 4133: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4066:on 2018-09-15 4062: 4058: 4056:0-333-74440-3 4052: 4048: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4021: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3869: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3847:Royal descent 3845: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3739:Grand Burgher 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3679: 3678:Tongan nobles 3676: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3439:Irish peerage 3437: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3376:Baltic German 3374:– ethnically 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3351: 3350:Thai nobility 3348: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3236:Kunwar family 3234: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3176:Kuraka (Peru) 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3012: 3005: 3000: 2998: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2934:conquistadors 2931: 2927: 2923: 2922:pre-Columbian 2919: 2916: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2755: 2750: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2684: 2676:Latin America 2673: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2647:Scottish ones 2644: 2643:English peers 2640: 2636: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2545: 2540: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2446: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2203:Left to right 2195: 2186: 2177: 2168: 2154: 2152: 2151:Imperial Diet 2148: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2126:warrior class 2123: 2122: 2117: 2116: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2011: 2010: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1995: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1972:Islamic world 1969: 1965: 1961: 1959: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1922:Duke Yansheng 1919: 1914: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1900: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1744:. During the 1743: 1739: 1735: 1732:Historically 1727: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1701: 1696: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1594: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1493:Contemporary 1488: 1484: 1479: 1470: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1401:Betsimisaraka 1397: 1396: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1363: 1362:Merina people 1359: 1354: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1307:Zagwe dynasty 1304: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1184:Ministerialis 1180: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:nəgusä nägäst 1147: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1117: 1112: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055:Keita dynasty 1052: 1051: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1004:English idiom 1001: 997: 991: 987: 984: 980: 977: 973: 964: 962: 958: 954: 949: 947: 943: 937: 935: 931: 927: 926: 921: 920: 915: 914: 909: 908:British Isles 905: 904:landed gentry 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 884: 879: 874: 872: 866: 861: 857: 853: 849: 841: 837: 836:Ferenc József 832: 828: 826: 822: 818: 817:William Doyle 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 797: 796:ancien régime 792: 791: 786: 785: 780: 776: 772: 771: 766: 765: 760: 759: 753: 751: 750:primogeniture 746: 745: 740: 736: 732: 731:primogeniture 728: 724: 720: 719: 710: 706: 699: 695: 690: 680: 678: 674: 670: 666: 661: 660: 653: 650: 649: 648:ancien régime 642: 636: 629: 623: 619:In France, a 614: 610: 605: 600: 590: 588: 583: 579: 575: 570: 568: 564: 559: 557: 553: 549: 548: 542: 541: 536: 532: 528: 525:Prior to the 523: 520: 516: 511: 502: 497: 488: 486: 482: 481:United States 478: 474: 470: 466: 461: 458: 457: 451: 446: 444: 443:landed gentry 440: 436: 432: 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 403:feudal system 400: 395: 392: 391: 385: 381: 377: 376: 371: 368: 364: 359: 358: 352: 348: 346: 340: 339:abstract noun 336: 334: 316: 308: 299: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 271: 267: 265: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 241: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 206: 202: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 169: 165: 161: 157: 152: 142: 139: 131: 120: 117: 113: 110: 106: 103: 99: 96: 92: 89: – 88: 84: 83:Find sources: 77: 73: 67: 66: 61:This article 59: 55: 50: 49: 44: 40: 33: 19: 7269:Ritterschaft 7267: 7238:and Caucasus 6947: 6925: 6918: 6725:still exists 6711: 6644:Soviet Union 6619:Ancient Rome 6476:Homelessness 6401:Upper Middle 6273: / 6254: / 6245: / 6210:Working poor 6106: 6093:Robber baron 6065: 5916:Intellectual 5906:Royal family 5870:Ancient Rome 5724:second-class 5642: 5585: 5584: / 5579: 5575:High society 5482:Elite theory 5459: 5452: 5445: 5432:Social class 5346:. Retrieved 5341: 5332: 5321:. Retrieved 5312: 5302: 5283: 5275: 5264:. Retrieved 5244: 5237: 5226:. Retrieved 5210:. Hachette. 5206: 5199: 5188:. Retrieved 5168: 5161: 5153: 5148: 5130: 5125: 5109: 5101: 5093: 5088: 5077:. Retrieved 5057: 5053: 5043: 5019: 5014: 4990: 4985: 4977: 4971: 4967: 4965: 4961: 4945: 4940: 4936: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4878: 4873: 4869: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4828:. Retrieved 4808: 4783: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4758: 4739: 4728:. Retrieved 4713: 4706: 4695:. Retrieved 4691:the original 4681: 4670:. Retrieved 4665: 4658: 4647:. Retrieved 4645:. 2014-03-26 4642: 4633: 4623:, retrieved 4619:한국민족문화대백과사전 4618: 4608: 4597:. Retrieved 4593: 4584: 4573:. Retrieved 4569: 4560: 4536: 4529: 4522:Aristocrats. 4521: 4516: 4508: 4502:. Retrieved 4483: 4476: 4465:. Retrieved 4445: 4439: 4431: 4425:. Retrieved 4416: 4406: 4398: 4392:. Retrieved 4383: 4374: 4365: 4356: 4348: 4340: 4334: 4323:. Retrieved 4313: 4306: 4296: 4282:King of Arms 4268: 4260: 4255: 4244:. Retrieved 4230: 4206: 4196: 4185:. Retrieved 4165: 4158: 4147: 4132: 4120:. Retrieved 4112:The Guardian 4111: 4102: 4084:Country Life 4079: 4068:. Retrieved 4061:the original 4038: 4028: 4018:– via 4014:15 September 4012:. Retrieved 3978: 3965: 3955:15 September 3953:. Retrieved 3921: 3917: 3901: 3890:. Retrieved 3881: 3872: 3839: 3757:Kaji (Nepal) 3742: 3298:Taira family 3251:Thapa family 3246:Rana dynasty 3241:Pande family 3226:Kaji (Nepal) 2994: 2985:hierarchical 2970: 2966:prerogatives 2912: 2901: 2857:high treason 2846: 2831: 2815:colonial era 2812: 2770: 2768: 2753: 2746: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2679: 2651: 2632: 2616: 2600: 2594: 2584: 2549: 2528:suzerainties 2524:potectorates 2504:overlordship 2496: 2488: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2420: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2392: 2383:encomenderos 2371: 2327: 2320: 2302: 2280: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2253: 2250:pre-colonial 2243: 2237: 2202: 2140: 2134: 2129: 2119: 2113: 2111: 2060:Abaza family 2038: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2007: 2001: 1990: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1954: 1946: 1915: 1908: 1901: 1897:Qing dynasty 1894: 1891: 1880: 1865: 1861:Song dynasty 1846: 1842: 1829: 1823: 1793: 1789: 1765: 1731: 1726:Madhavrao II 1700:Farrukhsiyar 1664: 1660: 1567: 1551: 1543: 1537: 1531: 1525: 1519: 1513: 1511: 1492: 1483:Emir of Kano 1466: 1464: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1423: 1419:Antambahoaka 1417: 1411: 1405: 1399: 1393: 1387: 1383: 1373: 1367: 1337: 1328: 1326: 1314: 1310: 1300: 1286: 1278: 1274: 1273:were titled 1270: 1258: 1252: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1230: 1224: 1218: 1196: 1192: 1182: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1149: 1135: 1121: 1091:Sierra Leone 1048: 1046: 1036: 1031:Robert Lacey 1029: 1012:royal family 1007: 999: 998: 995: 950: 938: 929: 923: 917: 911: 881: 875: 845: 825:coat of arms 820: 794: 788: 782: 781:origin, the 768: 762: 756: 754: 742: 718:fons honorum 716: 714: 659:fons honorum 654: 618: 609:Országgyűlés 571: 560: 552:jurisdiction 545: 538: 524: 519:manual labor 506: 473:Iron Curtain 465:legal status 462: 447: 439:British land 427: 396: 379: 369: 342: 330: 328: 274: 270:Roman Empire 261: 237: 230:Vatican City 207: 203: 174: 173: 134: 125: 115: 108: 101: 94: 82: 70:Please help 65:verification 62: 7365:Australasia 7141:Switzerland 7037:Philippines 6993:Indonesia* 6563:New Zealand 6280:Untouchable 6205:Proletariat 6195:Pea-pickers 6145:Bourgeoisie 5833:Aristocracy 5719:naturalized 5714:native-born 5286:, 11th ed. 4615:"탐라국 (耽羅國)" 3928:: 238–261. 3790:Noble women 3487:Phanariotes 3434:Welsh Peers 3344:Principalía 2938:descendants 2756:upper class 2595:bourgeoisie 2587:Renaissance 2552:Middle Ages 2483:Boxer Codex 2423:Don or Doña 2362:Philippines 2358:Principalía 2322:principalía 2317:Catholicism 2240:Philippines 2207:Boxer Codex 2157:Philippines 2124:, an elite 2049:During the 2043:family name 1883:Sui dynasty 1868:Han dynasty 1857:Qin dynasty 1758:British Raj 1738:warriorhood 1672: 1890 1663:. A Korean 1570:chieftaincy 1293:Menen Asfaw 1279:Dejazmaches 1271:Le'ul Rases 1132:Tewodros II 1008:sangre azul 967:Other terms 953:con artists 894:, although 805:quarterings 628:Seigneuries 599:Ennoblement 593:Ennoblement 582:meritocracy 556:private war 540:seigneurial 323: 1774 199:patrilineal 179:aristocracy 128:August 2020 7458:Categories 7402:Micronesia 7307:Montenegro 7255:Azerbaijan 6773:Madagascar 6553:Luxembourg 6443:Inequality 6108:Superclass 5899:Hereditary 5875:Post-Roman 5866:Patrician 5736:adolescent 5560:Classicide 5323:2020-03-07 5266:2020-11-02 5228:2020-11-02 5190:2015-10-23 5079:2020-11-02 4830:2015-07-28 4730:2024-04-03 4697:2024-04-03 4672:2024-04-03 4649:2024-04-03 4625:2024-06-08 4599:2024-06-08 4575:2024-06-08 4504:2020-09-15 4467:2015-10-23 4427:2020-09-15 4394:2020-09-15 4384:HathiTrust 4325:2013-01-06 4286:challenged 4259:W. Doyle, 4246:2013-04-16 4202:Pine, L.G. 4187:2015-10-23 4122:30 October 4070:2018-09-15 3934:2142/11694 3892:2018-10-24 3864:References 3795:Nze na Ozo 3743:Großbürger 3123:Nze na Ozo 2936:and their 2918:indigenous 2904:hereditary 2724:nobility. 2718:Portuguese 2645:, and 154 2444:alguaciles 2068:Circassian 2058:clan, the 1746:Mughal era 1686:in Lhasa, 1578:knighthood 1568:Holding a 1527:Nze na Ozo 1413:Bezanozano 1370:Madagascar 1348:Madagascar 1311:Shum Agame 1299:in Wollo; 1254:Balambaras 1242:Qenyazmach 1231:Fit'awrari 1160:, and the 1134:ended the 1016:Visigothic 1000:Blue blood 961:usurpation 852:armigerous 764:parlements 723:legitimate 711:1697–1795. 700:1576–1586. 635:ipso facto 622:seigneurie 485:usurpation 456:ipso facto 431:leadership 415:allegiance 390:novus homo 384:consulship 363:patricians 296:life peers 284:honorifics 250:consulship 228:, and the 226:San Marino 195:hereditary 191:precedence 166:and those 98:newspapers 87:"Nobility" 7479:Oligarchy 7474:Feudalism 7420:Polynesia 7384:Melanesia 7373:Australia 7335:Ruthenian 7275:Lithuania 6987:Southeast 6714:by nation 6578:Sri Lanka 6471:Education 6438:Household 6331:Affluence 6266:Rat tribe 6228:Ant tribe 6200:Precariat 6185:Lazzaroni 6127:Bohemians 6088:Overclass 6083:Old money 6019:Spartiate 5994:Kshatriya 5984:Hashashin 5941:Professor 5882:Political 5855:Oligarchy 5845:Hanseaten 5763:Stateless 5743:Convicted 5675:By status 5638:Subaltern 5570:Euthenics 5502:New class 5367:WW-Person 5036:769945242 5007:769945242 4956:, p. 234. 4931:, p. 232. 4889:, p. 235. 4803:, p. 118. 4546:cite book 4279:Lord Lyon 4001:149906044 3741:(German: 3729:Gentleman 3719:Debutante 2987:society. 2942:Philip II 2898:(Mexico). 2896:New Spain 2817:with the 2416:New World 2387:governors 2303:Upon the 2285:Indonesia 2272:(and its 2034:ed-Dowleh 1918:Confucius 1762:zamindars 1754:provinces 1619:) of the 1613:Jagirdars 1582:honorific 1431:The word 1407:Tsimihety 1342:Lij Iyasu 1318:Sabagadis 1315:Dejazmach 1259:Le'ul Ras 1226:Dejazmach 1142:Abyssinia 1050:sharifian 865:vis-à-vis 758:bourgeois 744:grandezas 727:male-line 587:decorated 567:gentleman 531:commoners 411:vassalage 401:. In the 333:nobilitas 268:. In the 258:plebeians 7464:Nobility 7331:Ukraine 7221:Portugal 7205:Holy See 7166:Ireland 7157:Scotland 7042:Thailand 7031:Cambodia 7019:Malaysia 7007:Javanese 6997:Balinese 6943:Nobility 6911:Mongolia 6807:Americas 6756:Ethiopia 6750:Eswatini 6723:monarchy 6712:Nobility 6670:Category 6602:Historic 6523:Colombia 6513:Cambodia 6448:Personal 6346:Mobility 6275:Freedman 6261:Plebeian 6247:Prisoner 6233:Commoner 6119:Creative 6100:Seigneur 6066:Nobility 6024:Vanniyar 6009:Pendekar 5969:Cossacks 5603:Snobbery 5475:Theories 5317:Archived 5291:Archived 5282:(1896). 5260:Archived 5222:Archived 5184:Archived 5138:Archived 5073:Archived 5051:(1993). 4859:Archived 4821:Archived 4747:Archived 4498:Archived 4494:33328020 4461:Archived 4421:Archived 4388:Archived 4349:noblesse 4319:Archived 4289:Archived 4240:Archived 4204:(1992). 4181:Archived 4116:Archived 4091:Archived 4005:Archived 3985:: 1–28. 3946:Archived 3942:23062619 3909:(1978). 3886:Archived 3749:Heraldry 3686:See also 3602:Magnates 3531:Freiherr 3458:Baronets 3186:Pipiltin 3150:Americas 3055:Jantirar 2888:Habsburg 2542:Russian 2518:and the 2451:Current 2408:"nobles" 2403:Academia 2399:Academia 2379:caciques 2338:hidalgos 2289:Malaysia 2102:Minamoto 2070:origin. 2039:Shahzada 1994:Muhammad 1904:literati 1834:dynastic 1806:Jagirdar 1698:Emperor 1690:in 1936. 1617:Mankaris 1558:viceroys 1536:and the 1467:Andriana 1450:Andriana 1445:Andriana 1441:Javanese 1437:Andriana 1433:Andriana 1425:Antemoro 1422:and the 1395:Betsileo 1384:Andriana 1375:Andriana 1297:Ambassel 1288:Jantirar 1236:Grazmach 1203:Begemder 1193:Mesafint 1173:Mekwanin 1169:Mesafint 1146:imamates 1124:nobility 1114:Emperor 1106:Ethiopia 1089:clan of 1085:and the 1067:Ethiopia 925:hidalgos 896:baronets 883:Szlachta 860:Scotland 848:heraldry 813:medieval 779:knightly 563:duelling 479:and the 419:suzerain 175:Nobility 18:Nobleman 7439:Hawai‘i 7356:Oceania 7340:Galicia 7317:Romania 7302:Hungary 7297:Germany 7292:Georgia 7287:Bohemia 7282:Croatia 7260:Austria 7250:Armenia 7245:Albania 7175:Ireland 7152:England 7123:Kingdom 7119:France 7114:Belgium 7086:Iceland 7081:Finland 7075:Denmark 7048:Vietnam 7002:Chinese 6971:Princes 6949:Yangban 6915:Japan* 6885:Lebanon 6826:Mexico 6788:Morocco 6778:Somalia 6761:Nigeria 6743:Mamluks 6573:Romania 6568:Nigeria 6453:Poverty 6356:Classes 6341:History 6252:Peasant 6238:Outcast 6177:Working 6157:Burgher 6014:Samurai 6004:Ocēlōtl 5964:Chhetri 5956:Warrior 5946:Scholar 5860:Russian 5850:Magnate 5838:Aristoi 5817:By type 5704:Citizen 5697:refugee 5593:Poverty 5587:Parvenu 5521:Related 5492:Marxian 5454:Stratum 5313:El País 5156:(2011). 4968:cacique 4801:9259667 4613:김, 종업, 4590:"우리역사넷" 4413:"Helen" 4386:: 813. 4345:peerage 3820:Peerage 3775:Magnate 3652:Oceania 3463:Knights 3198:holding 2930:mestizo 2926:Spanish 2754:Criollo 2751:to the 2749:Bolivia 2728:Bolivia 2701:Quechua 2666:Grandee 2633:In the 2623:Castile 2556:knights 2414:of the 2393:At the 2375:Segovia 2342:Castile 2277:cognate 2230:consort 2226:Tagalog 2215:Visayan 2211:Visayan 2147:peerage 2121:samurai 1998:Quraysh 1983:of the 1942:Yan Hui 1934:Mencius 1895:In the 1881:By the 1836:rules, 1810:Mankari 1734:Rajputs 1659:called 1657:litters 1653:yangban 1609:Sardars 1598:Maratha 1574:peerage 1542:of the 1530:of the 1518:of the 1495:Nigeria 1473:Nigeria 1302:Wagshum 1265:of the 1187:of the 946:peerage 934:Benelux 913:Junkers 906:of the 790:parvenu 669:peerage 515:estates 357:nobiles 345:nobilis 302:History 264:nobiles 240:nobiles 183:royalty 112:scholar 7327:Serbia 7322:Russia 7312:Poland 7180:Norman 7170:Gaelic 7128:Empire 7097:Sweden 7091:Norway 7061:Europe 7025:Brunei 6967:India 6939:Korea 6927:Daimyō 6890:Turkey 6858:Brazil 6821:Canada 6766:Rulers 6731:Africa 6528:France 6508:Belize 6503:Africa 6430:Income 6386:Middle 6379:Gentry 6243:Outlaw 6150:Petite 6137:Middle 6071:Landed 6056:Gentry 5989:Knight 5929:Priest 5924:Clergy 5887:Family 5825:Ruling 5774:collar 5731:Clique 5447:Status 5348:27 Jan 5252: 5214: 5176: 5135:online 5116: 5065: 5034: 5026: 5005: 4997: 4952: 4927: 4885: 4799: 4791: 4721: 4492: 4453: 4218: 4173: 4053: 3999: 3940: 3800:Ogboni 3753:Honour 3734:Gentry 3619:Boyars 3543:Junker 3427:Lairds 3422:Barons 3356:Europe 3273:Kazoku 3268:Daimyō 3111:Ogboni 3099:Hakimi 3094:Lamido 3017:Africa 2915:ruling 2864:Mexico 2787:Brazil 2722:French 2710:Brazil 2706:Mexico 2698:, and 2689:Aztecs 2683:Aymara 2654:gentry 2627:France 2544:boyars 2534:Europe 2412:Indies 2293:Brunei 2259:Sultan 2142:kazoku 2130:daimyō 2115:daimyō 2064:Abazin 2047:Zarabi 2009:Sharif 2003:Sayyid 1938:Zengzi 1802:Sardar 1798:Thakur 1770:Nepali 1750:Nawabs 1637:Kerala 1601:Durbar 1524:, the 1521:Yoruba 1515:Ogboni 1497:has a 1416:, the 1410:, the 1404:, the 1398:, the 1392:, the 1389:Merina 1329:entrée 1309:; and 1248:Azmach 1213:, and 1211:Gojjam 1156:, the 1077:, the 1069:, the 1061:, the 1043:Africa 1002:is an 988:, the 930:nobili 900:gentry 775:landed 677:entail 547:taille 510:per se 477:Mexico 375:gentes 337:, the 288:vidame 280:styles 236:, the 114: 107: 100: 93: 85: 7433:Tonga 7226:Spain 7216:Malta 7211:Italy 7198:South 7068:North 7012:Malay 6961:South 6933:Meiji 6906:China 6851:South 6814:North 6738:Egypt 6624:Aztec 6583:Tibet 6558:Nepal 6548:Italy 6538:India 6533:Haiti 6518:China 6418:Under 6413:Lower 6391:Black 6374:Donor 6369:Black 6364:Upper 6271:Slave 6220:Under 6076:Petty 6051:Elite 6038:Upper 5979:Harii 5974:Cuāuh 5808:White 5788:Green 5687:Alien 5530:Caste 4824:(PDF) 4817:(PDF) 4064:(PDF) 4043:(PDF) 4008:(PDF) 3997:S2CID 3975:(PDF) 3949:(PDF) 3938:JSTOR 3914:(PDF) 3882:Vogue 3805:Pasha 3713:Caste 3028:Kgosi 2560:serfs 2281:Datok 2274:Malay 2265:Rajah 2218:royal 2074:Japan 2022:Mirza 1960:)'. 1951:Korea 1920:, as 1849:Shang 1838:rules 1830:Taizi 1820:China 1814:Dewan 1794:Karyi 1688:Tibet 1649:Korea 1621:state 1356:King 1338:Negus 1322:Agame 1215:Wollo 1207:Shewa 1198:Negus 1083:Egypt 1075:Benin 1020:Moors 983:Baron 976:Count 955:sell 951:Some 888:baron 809:court 641:comte 535:manor 435:Tonga 423:caste 119:JSTOR 105:books 39:Honor 7392:Fiji 7107:West 6920:Kuge 6899:East 6878:West 6871:Asia 6842:Cuba 6543:Iran 6256:Serf 6061:Lord 5999:Nair 5892:List 5803:Pink 5793:Grey 5783:Blue 5772:By " 5350:2024 5250:ISBN 5212:ISBN 5174:ISBN 5114:ISBN 5063:ISBN 5032:OCLC 5024:ISBN 5003:OCLC 4995:ISBN 4950:ISBN 4925:ISBN 4883:ISBN 4797:OCLC 4789:ISBN 4719:ISBN 4552:link 4490:OCLC 4451:ISBN 4216:ISBN 4171:ISBN 4124:2021 4051:ISBN 4016:2018 3957:2018 3835:Raja 3761:King 3708:Baig 3538:Graf 3278:Kuge 3205:Asia 2971:The 2946:1573 2720:and 2708:and 2695:Maya 2573:The 2479:datu 2291:and 2270:Datu 2262:and 2245:Datu 2084:Kuge 2082:and 2066:and 2037:and 2028:Khan 2017:Iran 2006:and 1851:and 1790:Kaji 1774:काजी 1766:Kaji 1665:gama 1661:gama 1633:Nair 1605:Raja 1588:Asia 1556:and 1545:Efik 1539:Ekpe 1533:Igbo 1481:The 1251:and 1181:the 1097:and 1059:Mali 737:and 407:fief 365:and 278:and 197:and 154:The 91:news 5798:New 4972:don 4902:in 4852:in 4766:in 3987:doi 3930:hdl 3118:Eze 3106:Oba 3050:Ras 2944:in 2668:or 2526:or 2465:of 2340:of 2254:Apo 2015:In 1682:An 1647:In 1462:). 1456:cf. 1220:Ras 1178:cf. 1081:of 1073:of 1065:of 1057:of 873:). 777:or 294:or 74:by 7460:: 7148:* 5340:. 5315:. 5311:. 5258:. 5220:. 5182:. 5108:, 5071:. 5056:in 5030:. 5001:. 4976:. 4819:. 4795:. 4641:. 4617:, 4592:. 4568:. 4548:}} 4544:{{ 4507:. 4496:. 4459:. 4430:. 4419:. 4415:. 4397:. 4382:. 4238:. 4214:. 4212:77 4179:. 4146:. 4110:. 4086:, 4045:. 4003:. 3995:. 3981:. 3977:. 3944:. 3936:. 3924:. 3920:. 3916:. 3884:. 3880:. 2999:. 2928:, 2844:. 2805:, 2739:, 2692:, 2686:, 2614:. 2418:. 2381:, 2344:. 2325:. 2287:, 2279:, 2268:, 2031:, 2025:, 1944:. 1913:. 1878:. 1812:, 1808:, 1804:, 1800:, 1772:: 1669:c. 1667:, 1611:, 1596:A 1509:. 1485:, 1428:. 1245:, 1239:, 1233:, 1229:, 1223:, 1209:, 1205:, 1164:. 741:, 487:. 445:. 353:, 320:c. 201:. 170:). 7435:* 7375:* 7228:* 7207:* 7137:* 7116:* 7099:* 7093:* 7077:* 7044:* 7033:* 7027:* 7021:* 6823:* 6790:* 6752:* 6704:e 6697:t 6690:v 6026:/ 5776:" 5421:e 5414:t 5407:v 5352:. 5326:. 5269:. 5231:. 5193:. 5120:. 5082:. 4833:. 4733:. 4700:. 4652:. 4602:. 4578:. 4554:) 4470:. 4328:. 4249:. 4224:. 4190:. 4126:. 4022:. 3989:: 3959:. 3932:: 3922:3 3895:. 3745:) 3013:. 3006:. 2809:. 2743:. 2581:. 2546:. 2469:. 2368:. 2232:. 2108:. 1958:科 1768:( 1715:. 1674:. 1623:. 1453:( 1364:. 992:. 380:) 370:( 325:. 141:) 135:( 130:) 126:( 116:· 109:· 102:· 95:· 68:. 45:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index