313:
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753:
44:
410:
717:
771:
636:' (a word, which in French means a 'comical grimace, behaviour or trick'). Comical scenes with monkeys appearing in human attire and a human environment are a pictorial genre that was initiated in Flemish painting in the 16th century and was subsequently further developed in the 17th century. Monkeys appear in medieval cathedral sculpture as symbols of evil, while in Renaissance art they were a personification of man. Monkeys were regarded as shameless and impish creatures and excellent imitators of human behaviour. These depictions of monkeys enacting various human roles were a playful metaphor for all the folly in the world. Painters could use the figure of the monkey to express moral judgement and dubious traits of human behaviour.
735:
557:
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430:(Dorotheum Vienna 30 April 2019, lot 383), which goes back to a now lost painting of his grandfather, which was likely in the collection of his father and of which a print exists. Whereas in the print after Pieter Brueghel the Elder the viewer looks at the scene a 'spectator from a raised stage', in Jan Brueghel the Younger's version the viewer is more involved due to the lower viewpoint. Jan de Younger further created a new painting category of animals in landscapes. After the death of his father he changed his signature from 'Brueghel' to 'Breughel'.
328:
Goetkint the
Younger, who was the son of Peter Goetkint the Elder, the master of Jan's father. Goetkint was eager to return to Antwerp because his wife was expected to deliver a baby soon. The child was born on 25 August, the day on which Jan Breughel arrived in Antwerp with his travelling companion who died a few days later. Jan took over the management of his father's workshop, sold the finished works of his father and finished some of his father's unfinished paintings. In the Guild year 1624-1625, Jan became a master painter of the
234:
488:
640:
535:
1661:
474:, Denijs van Alsloot and Hendrik de Clerck. In view of the strong demand for large decorative landscapes at the time, Jan the Younger would sometimes have his father's works copied in his workshop and then sell them under his father's signature. In the wide landscapes he often reprised compositions of his father but executed them in a different palette. Among his veduta paintings can be counted a
256:. Taking over his father's workshop at an early age, he largely painted the same subjects as his father in a style which was similar to that of his father. He gradually was able to break away from his father's style by developing a broader, more painterly, and less structured manner of painting. He regularly collaborated with leading Flemish painters of his time.
446:, hell scenes, landscapes with the Holy Family, paradise landscapes and allegorical landscapes. These landscapes show his father's influence although he would develop some personal touches in his later career. His best works are his wide landscapes, which he produced on his own or in collaboration with other painters such as
605:
He gradually developed his own themes and style for his allegorical subjects. From the 1640s he created complex allegories dealing with subjects such as the horrors of war and the benefits of commerce, the arts and science. In particular the subject of the horrors of war occupied Jan
Brueghel in the
419:
Taking over his father's workshop at an early age, he painted the same subjects as his father in a style which was similar to that of his father. About 340 paintings have been attributed to him. His repertoire included history paintings, allegorical and mythological scenes, landscapes and seascapes,
433:
While he did not surpass his father in the quality of his output, his early works can hardly be distinguished from those of his father in terms of their high level of execution. He gradually was able to break away from his father's style by developing a broader, more painterly, and less structured
688:
of which he painted at least four versions, of which three place the scene outdoors and one situates it in a loggia. The painting mocks the obsession of Dutch society with the trade and speculation in tulips. A lively trade in tulips and tulip bulbs had developed in the Dutch
Republic with prices
372:
in 1657 where he remained for the remainder of his life . During a meeting of the
Antwerp Guild of St Luke held on 8 October 1672, he got into a heated argument with Peter van Brekeveldt, another former dean of the guild, who injured him in an eye. As this injury affected his ability to paint, he
327:
only after his return to
Northern Italy in Turin. Wanting to return to Antwerp immediately, he had to delay his departure for 16 days due to a severe fever. After recovering from his illness, he set off for his homeland by way of France. In Paris he met the Antwerp art dealer and painter Peter
624:, a burning city, the god of war and the battling troops in the background which all evoke the theme of the horrors of war. In these mature works Jan Brueghel the Younger distanced himself from his father's models to create his own visual language, reflecting the new art and mood of his time.
357:, and was commissioned by the French court to paint a series of paintings of the biblical character Adam. It seems that his studio declined after this period and that he started to paint smaller scale paintings which commanded lower prices than those produced earlier.
420:
hunting pieces, village scenes, battle scenes and scenes of hellfire and the underworld. Unlike his father, he did not paint many flower still lifes. Like his father and uncle, he would also reinterpret the genre and landscape paintings of his grandfather
271:
293:. The cardinal was a patron and friend of his father who had met in Rome about 30 years earlier. In what was likely an act of rebellion against his father, he went to Genoa where he stayed with his cousins, the Antwerp painters and art dealers
505:
A less prolific flower painter than his father, he was inspired by his father's works on which he produced his variations. His flower pieces are usually executed on a smaller scale and are less compact, slimmer and less detailed.
657:. These prints were widely disseminated causing the theme to be picked up by other Flemish artists. The Antwerp artist Frans Francken the Younger was the first one to do so. He was quickly followed by Jan Brueghel the Elder,
701:
shows monkeys negotiating, weighing bulbs, counting money and handling administrative tasks. The monkey on the left holds a list of bulb prices. On the right, a monkey is urinating on tulips, thus mocking this tulip mania.
533:
court (then the rulers over the
Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Jan also painted various garland paintings in collaboration with other artists. They show the influence of Daniel Seghers. An example is the
752:
235:
583:
734:
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620:(Lempertz 16 November 2013, Cologne Lot 1243). The work is full of symbols of war and strife such as weapons, fighting animals, zodiac symbols of bad luck in the heavens, the
312:
716:
268:. He trained with his father in his workshop. His father was a friend and close collaborator of Rubens. Jan likely assisted with his father's large-scale commissions.
525:. These paintings typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. This genre was initially inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to
264:
Jan
Brueghel was born in Antwerp on 13 September 1601 as the son of Jan and Isabella de Jode. His mother was the daughter of the cartographer, engraver and publisher
599:
1242:
509:
His father had created the new still life category of garland paintings, a special type of still life developed in
Antwerp along with other artists such as
1693:
593:
442:
He painted a wide variety of landscapes including: landscapes of woods, rivers and harbours, villages, cityscapes, architectural views with figures,
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1864:
1927:
1958:
1832:
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introduced singeries as an independent theme around 1575 through a series of prints, which were strongly embedded in the artistic tradition of
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1716:
615:
425:
1840:
1816:
1525:
353:, a prominent history painter in Antwerp. He continued to operate the large workshop of his father. In 1630 he became dean of the
43:
1784:
1686:
1495:
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1421:
574:. These paintings were often collaborations with other painters such as is the case with the five paintings representing the
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In his village landscapes Jan initially followed his father's precedent and gradually developed his own idiom in the 1640s.
409:
2188:
373:
sued van
Brekeveldt for indemnification. He died on 1 September 1678 at his home address on the Pruymenstraat in Antwerp.
1432:
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1935:
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Portrait of
Nicolaas de Man at his country estate in the neighbourhood of Antwerp, surrounded by a garland of flowers
252:, both prominent painters who contributed respectively to the development of Renaissance and Baroque painting in the
215:
172:
1848:
1634:
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Review of Susan Merriam, Seventeenth-Century Flemish Garland Paintings. Still Life, Vision and the Devotional Image
588:
was auctioned at Dorotheum on 18 December 2017. Another recurring allegorical theme also treated by his father is
566:
Like his father, Jan the Elder produced various sets of allegorical paintings, in particular on the themes of the
2203:
2021:
1982:
1355:
Anne T. Woollett and Ariane van Suchtelen; with contributions by Tiarna Doherty, Mark Leonard, and Jørgen Wadum,
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1722:
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1974:
1824:
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Jan Breughel the Elder had contributed to the development of the genre of the 'monkey scene', also called '
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689:
rising to unprecedented levels. Speculation was rife, resulting in big profits and big losses. Brueghel's
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2029:
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17:
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was also active in Genoa. He later worked in Valletta on Malta in 1623. From 1624 to 1625 he lived in
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744:
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later became the principal practitioner of the genre and developed it further with his younger brother
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602:) in which fertility is represented by a six-breasted figure at the centre of the composition.
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On the wishes of his father he traveled around 1622 to Milan where he was welcomed by Cardinal
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1604:
301:. Their mother was a sister of Jan's mother. At the time his friend and fellow Antwerp artist
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458:- the son of his father's collaborator Hendrick van Balen the Elder, Pieter de Lierner,
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1872:
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Volume 2, Antwerp, Julius de Koninck, 1871, pp. 631, 641, 654, 656, 669, 671
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294:
639:
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1435:
De liggeren en andere historische archieven der Antwerpsche sint Lucasgilde
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2013:
1589:
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1312:
780:
1510:
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Jan Brueghel the Younger also practised this genre. An example is his
454:. During his career, he collaborated with many other artists such as
1808:
633:
530:
1645:
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View of the palace of Brussels with Archdukes Albert and Isabella
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Lucas van Uden, Jan Brueghel the Younger, Jan Thomas d’Ypres,
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Jan learned that his father had died on 13 January 1625 from
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on Sicily at the time when van Dyck was also working there.
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1243:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
610:. The long-hoped-for end of the war was achieved by the
548:(Christie's London auction of 6 December 2018 lot 26).
1501:
at Christie's London auction of 6 December 2018 lot 26
614:
in 1648. A work made against this background is the
414:
Extensive Landscape with Travellers Before a Windmill
216:
173:
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Nicolaas de Man in the grounds of his country estate
484:) executed in collaboration with Sebastiaen Vrancx.
198:
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155:
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693:pokes fun at the tulip traders. The version in the
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149:
2165:
1928:Winter Landscape with Ice skaters and Bird trap
1399:, Oxford Art Online, accessed 21 February 2022
240:; 13 September 1601 – 1 September 1678) was a
1687:
1575:Monkey Madness in Seventeenth-Century Antwerp
1546:, Lempertz 16 November 2013, Cologne Lot 1243
1315:Mixed flowers in a basket with a tazza nearby
806:
1701:
1577:, in: The Rubenianum Quarterly, 2012 2, p. 5
364:in the 1650s and produced paintings for the
1841:Adoration of the Magi in a Winter Landscape
1817:Adoration of the Magi in a Winter Landscape
1389:
1387:
1385:
1337:Geschiedenis der Antwerpsche schilderschool
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1694:
1680:
1511:Jan Breughel (II) & Pieter van Avont,
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1379:
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1369:
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1457:, Johnny Van Haeften gallery, 2005, p. 11
1357:Rubens and Brueghel: A Working Friendship
606:1640s, when Europe was emerging from the
1351:
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1306:
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368:court in 1651. He is recorded again in
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311:
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1569:
1567:
1475:
1433:Ph. Rombouts and Th. van Lerius (ed.),
1362:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1293:
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1289:
677:painted these 'monkey scenes' as well.
14:
2166:
1865:Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery
1585:
1583:
1455:Dutch and Flemish Old Master Paintings
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
777:The apotheosis of commerce and science
741:Aeneas and the Sibyl in the Underworld
665:. Jan Brueghel the Elder's son-in-law
470:, his father-in-law Abraham Janssens,
1675:
1444:
1422:Netherlands Institute for Art History
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540:in which the portrait was painted by
276:Nicolaas de Man at his country estate
227:
1959:The Sermon of Saint John the Baptist
1833:Landscape with the Flight into Egypt
1564:
1321:
1286:
1739:The Fight Between Carnival and Lent
1628:
1613:
1598:
1580:
1426:
1402:
1335:Frans Jozef Peter Van den Branden,
759:Landscape with Diana and her Nymphs
376:His pupils included his older sons
24:
1731:Naval Battle in the Gulf of Naples
1022:Hieronymous van Kessel the Younger
109:Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden
25:
2225:
1763:Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
1653:
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1659:
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188:
145:
2022:The Peasant and the Nest Robber
1549:
1534:
1519:
1504:
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1460:
1340:, Antwerpen, 1883, pp. 455–458
1905:The Wine of Saint Martin's Day
1271:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1258:
1230:
1197:
1166:
787:
500:
13:
1:
2058:
2003:
1940:
1909:
1774:
1246:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
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582:collaborated and of which an
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49:Landscape with Pan and Syrinx
1785:The Fall of the Rebel Angels
673:. Later in the 17th century
627:
448:Hendrick van Balen the Elder
7:
2189:Flemish still life painters
2107:Pieter Brueghel the Younger
2030:The Blind Leading the Blind
1607:Monkeys feasting (singerie)
896:Pieter Brueghel the Younger
644:Allegory of the Tulipomania
360:He worked independently in
27:Flemish painter (1601–1678)
10:
2230:
2194:Flemish landscape painters
1622:An Allegory of Tulipomania
1541:Jan Brueghel the Younger,
1179:Collins English Dictionary
745:Metropolitan Museum of Art
705:
515:Frans Francken the Younger
404:
392:, and his younger brother
319:, with Joos de Momper (II)
77:1 September 1678 (aged 76)
2099:
2089:The Painter and The Buyer
2080:
2069:
2038:The Magpie on the Gallows
1936:Massacre of the Innocents
1857:The Procession to Calvary
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1009:David Teniers the Younger
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761:, figures by workshop of
667:David Teniers the Younger
468:David Teniers the Younger
422:Pieter Brueghel the Elder
115:
101:
93:
85:
73:
59:
41:
34:
2199:Flemish history painters
2184:Flemish Baroque painters
2119:Jan Brueghel the Younger
1703:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1666:Jan Brueghel the Younger
1418:Jan Brueghel (II) record
1396:Jan Brueghel the younger
1298:Jan Brueghel the Younger
1139:Jan van Kessel the Elder
1001:Jan Brueghel the Younger
841:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
727:Kunsthistorisches Museum
663:Jan van Kessel the Elder
655:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
250:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
36:Jan Brueghel the Younger
1951:The Census at Bethlehem
1920:The Hunters in the Snow
1592:Allegory of Tulipomania
1531:on Museo del Prado site
1216:Oxford University Press
682:Allegory of Tulipomania
399:
259:
242:Flemish Baroque painter
2204:Flemish genre painters
2136:The Mill and the Cross
2113:Jan Brueghel the Elder
1897:The Return of the Herd
1849:Adoration of the Kings
1747:Netherlandish Proverbs
1637:Satire of Tulipomania
1420:on the website of the
1394:Hans J. Van Miegroet,
903:Jan Brueghel the Elder
675:Nicolaes van Verendael
646:
578:on which Brueghel and
563:
542:Jan Thomas van Ieperen
494:
427:Fight between Peasants
416:
342:
340:Fight between Peasants
320:
286:
280:Jan Thomas van Ieperen
246:Jan Brueghel the Elder
229:[ˈjɑmˈbrøːɣəl]
2209:Painters from Antwerp
2153:Bruegel (institution)
1983:The Land of Cockaigne
1528:Allegory of abundance
1212:UK English Dictionary
691:Satire of Tulipomania
686:Satire of Tulipomania
651:Pieter van der Borcht
649:The Flemish engraver
642:
595:Allegory of abundance
559:
552:Allegorical paintings
544:and the landscape by
490:
466:, his brother-in-law
424:. An example is the
412:
338:
315:
274:
2125:Breugel, Netherlands
1770:The Triumph of Death
1723:Parable of the Sower
1668:at Wikimedia Commons
1126:Jan Baptist Brueghel
592:. An example is the
434:manner of painting.
254:Habsburg Netherlands
244:. He was the son of
1991:The Peasant Wedding
1793:The Suicide of Saul
1558:in Larousse online
1526:Jan Breughel (II),
1467:Jan Brueghel (II),
1300:at the Getty Center
1112:Jan Pieter Brueghel
723:Flora in the Garden
612:Peace of Westphalia
355:Guild of Saint Luke
347:Anna Maria Janssens
345:In 1626 he married
330:Guild of Saint Luke
120:Anna Maria Janssens
1975:Conversion of Paul
1825:The Tower of Babel
1451:Johnny Van Haeften
1017:Paschasia Brueghel
994:Ambrosius Brueghel
647:
564:
511:Hendrick van Balen
495:
417:
343:
321:
287:
282:and landscape by
248:, and grandson of
2161:
2160:
1999:The Peasant Dance
1967:The Wedding Dance
1717:List of paintings
1664:Media related to
1642:Frans Hals Museum
1635:Jan Brueghel II,
1620:Jan Brueghel II,
1610:at the Rubenshuis
1590:Jan Brueghel II,
1513:Allegory of Smell
1313:Jan Brueghel II,
1274:. Merriam-Webster
1158:
1157:
1150:
1149:
695:Frans Hals Museum
659:Sebastiaen Vrancx
608:Thirty Years' War
600:Museo del Prado''
585:Allegory of Smell
529:prevalent at the
519:Peter Paul Rubens
492:Basket of Flowers
472:Sebastiaen Vrancx
291:Federico Borromeo
126:
125:
63:13 September 1601
16:(Redirected from
2221:
2143:Bruegel (crater)
2075:
2063:
2060:
2054:The Storm at Sea
2008:
2005:
1945:
1942:
1914:
1911:
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1755:Children's Games
1696:
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1611:
1605:Jan Brueghel I,
1602:
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1482:Ursula Härting,
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1359:, 2006, pp. 5–33
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1119:Abraham Brueghel
1007:Anna Brueghel x
831:
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815:
808:
801:
792:
791:
773:
755:
737:
719:
580:Pieter van Avont
460:Adriaen Stalbemt
351:Abraham Janssens
317:Winter landscape
303:Anthony van Dyck
299:Cornelis de Wael
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2046:The Misanthrope
2006:
1943:
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1889:The Hay Harvest
1777:
1705:
1700:
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1603:
1599:
1588:
1581:
1573:Bert Schepers,
1572:
1565:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1543:Allegory of war
1539:
1535:
1524:
1520:
1509:
1505:
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1476:
1469:A village brawl
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1844:(1563 or 1567)
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546:Lucas van Uden
523:Daniel Seghers
502:
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464:Lucas Van Uden
452:Joos de Momper
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390:Jan van Kessel
349:, daughter of
284:Lucas van Uden
278:, portrait by
266:Gerard de Jode
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456:Jan van Balen
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388:, his nephew
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295:Lucas de Wael
292:
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84:
76:
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68:
62:
58:
54:
51:, figures by
50:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2134:
2118:
2087:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1768:
1761:
1753:
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1721:
1636:
1630:
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1615:
1606:
1600:
1595:at Dorotheum
1591:
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1527:
1521:
1516:at Dorotheum
1512:
1506:
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1472:at Dorotheum
1468:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1434:
1428:
1395:
1356:
1336:
1318:at Dorotheum
1314:
1276:. Retrieved
1269:
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1241:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1208:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1177:
1168:
1000:
776:
758:
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722:
690:
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508:
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476:
441:
432:
426:
418:
413:
375:
359:
344:
339:
332:of Antwerp.
322:
316:
288:
275:
263:
140:
136:
132:
129:Jan Brueghel
128:
127:
107:
103:Notable work
48:
29:
2179:1678 deaths
2174:1601 births
2139:(2011 film)
2062: 1569
2014:The Beggars
2007: 1567
1944: 1565
1913: 1565
1801:Two Monkeys
1778: 1562
1734:(1558–1562)
1560:(in French)
788:Family tree
781:Rijksmuseum
743:, c. 1630,
725:, c. 1630,
576:Five senses
568:Five senses
501:Still lifes
141:the Younger
86:Nationality
18:Jan Bruegel
2168:Categories
2121:(grandson)
1556:'Singerie'
1440:(in Dutch)
1342:(in Dutch)
1266:"Brueghel"
1238:"Brueghel"
1174:"Brueghel"
1161:References
598:(c. 1624,
480:(c. 1627,
438:Landscapes
386:Jan Peeter
94:Occupation
1809:Dull Gret
1710:Paintings
1278:10 August
1250:10 August
1222:10 August
1205:"Bruegel"
1189:10 August
779:, 1640s,
628:Singeries
590:Abundance
394:Ambrosius
122:(m. 1626)
2081:Drawings
634:singerie
531:Habsburg
366:Austrian
137:Breughel
2100:Related
1646:Haarlem
1640:at the
706:Gallery
699:Haarlem
405:General
382:Philips
378:Abraham
370:Antwerp
325:cholera
307:Palermo
133:Bruegel
97:Painter
89:Flemish
80:Antwerp
67:Antwerp
2092:(1565)
2049:(1568)
2041:(1568)
2033:(1568)
2025:(1568)
2017:(1568)
1994:(1567)
1986:(1567)
1978:(1567)
1970:(1566)
1962:(1566)
1954:(1566)
1946:–1567)
1931:(1565)
1923:(1565)
1915:–1568)
1900:(1565)
1892:(1565)
1884:(1565)
1876:(1565)
1868:(1565)
1860:(1564)
1852:(1564)
1836:(1563)
1828:(1563)
1820:(1563)
1812:(1563)
1804:(1562)
1796:(1562)
1788:(1562)
1758:(1560)
1750:(1559)
1742:(1559)
1726:(1557)
1210:Lexico
763:Rubens
622:furies
570:, the
444:veduti
225:Dutch:
131:(also
116:Spouse
53:Rubens
2115:(son)
2109:(son)
1218:. n.d
362:Paris
186:also
1280:2019
1252:2019
1224:2019
1191:2019
824:tree
661:and
527:Mary
521:and
450:and
400:Work
384:and
297:and
260:Life
220:-gəl
218:BROO
177:-gəl
175:BROY
74:Died
60:Born
1644:in
697:in
684:or
135:or
2170::
2059:c.
2004:c.
1941:c.
1910:c.
1775:c.
1582:^
1566:^
1453:,
1404:^
1364:^
1348:^
1323:^
1305:^
1288:^
1268:.
1240:.
1214:.
1207:.
1182:.
1176:.
517:,
513:,
462:,
396:.
380:,
223:,
208:əl
202:uː
184:US
180:,
165:əl
159:ɔɪ
139:)
2064:)
2057:(
2009:)
2002:(
1939:(
1908:(
1780:)
1773:(
1695:e
1688:t
1681:v
1282:.
1254:.
1226:.
1193:.
814:e
807:t
800:v
211:/
205:ɡ
199:r
196:b
193:ˈ
190:/
168:/
162:ɡ
156:r
153:b
150:ˈ
147:/
143:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_and_Joos_de_Momper_(II)_-_Winter_landscape_with_an_overturned_horse-drawn_cart,_and_figures_driving_a_herd.jpg)
_-_A_village_brawl.jpg)