698:
1051:
cites
Confederate effective strength of "just over 38,000," including A.P. Hill's division, which arrived in the afternoon. Priest, p. 343, cites 87,164 men present in the Army of the Potomac, with 53,632 engaged, and 30,646 engaged in the Army of Northern Virginia. Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite 87,100 Union engaged, 51,800 Confederate. Harsh, Sounding the Shallows, pp. 201–202, analyzes the historiography of the figures, and shows that Ezra A. Carman (a battlefield historian who influenced some of these sources) used "engaged" figures; the 38,000 excludes Pender's and Field's brigades, roughly half the artillery, and forces used to secure objectives behind the line.
108:
42:
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unmarked graves where they fell." McPherson, p. 129, gives ranges for the
Confederate losses: 1,546–2,700 dead, 7,752–9,024 wounded. He states that more than 2,000 of the wounded on both sides died from their wounds. Priest, p. 343, reports 12,882 Union casualties (2,157 killed, 9,716 wounded, 1,009 missing or captured) and 11,530 Confederate (1,754 killed, 8,649 wounded, 1,127 missing or captured). Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite Union casualties of 12,469 (2,010 killed, 9,416 wounded, 1,043 missing or captured) and 10,292 Confederate (1,567 killed, 8,725 wounded for September 14–20, plus approximately 2,000 missing or captured).
160:
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709:. Proponents claim that the engagement was in-fact a massacre and not a battle, due to the high number of killed and wounded Lakota women and children and the very one-sided casualty counts. Estimates of the Lakota losses indicate 150–300 killed, of which up to 200 were women and children. Additionally, as many as 51 were wounded. In contrast, the 7th Cavalry suffered 25 killed and 39 wounded, many being the result of friendly fire.
369:
577:. He then joined Sheridan again in 1867, and moved with him when he became commander of the Department of the Missouri in 1866. Forsyth served first as the department's secretary and then as inspector, with an appointment in the cavalry. He took part in military campaigns against the Comanche, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Kiowa Indians in 1868–69. Forsyth went to Europe in 1870 as an official observer of the
1050:
Eicher, p. 363. Sears, p. 173, cites 75,000 Union troops, with an effective strength of 71,500, with 300 guns; on p. 296, he states that the 12,401 Union casualties were 25% of those who went into action and that McClellan committed "barely 50,000 infantry and artillerymen to the contest"; p. 389, he
1060:
Sears, pp. 294–96; Cannan, p. 201. Confederate casualties are estimates because reported figures include undifferentiated casualties at South
Mountain and Shepherdstown; Sears remarks that "there is no doubt that a good many of the 1,771 men listed as missing were in fact dead, buried uncounted in
501:
promoted
Forsyth to Brigadier General of Volunteers to rank from May 19, 1865. The U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on February 23, 1866, notwithstanding that Forsyth was mustered out of the volunteer service on January 15, 1866. On July 17, 1866, President Johnson nominated Forsyth for
1040:
Wert, p. 246, Eicher, p. 752. Lewis, p. 288, reports Union totals as 5,764 (569 killed, 3,425 wounded, 1,770 missing), Confederates 3,060 (1,860 killed and wounded, 1,200 prisoners). Kennedy, p. 323, reports 5,672 Union, 2,910 Confederate. The NPS battle summary reports 5,665 Union, 2,910
347:, where he attended the local schools. He attended West Point from 1851 to 1856 and received a commission as second lieutenant in Co. D, 9th U.S. Infantry. He was instrumental in the completion of the frontier fort at San Juan Island and served as the company's acting commander when
829:, Volume 2 of Memorials of Deceased Companions of the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Commandery of the State of Illinois, 1912 .
724:. Respectively, Cedar Creek and Antietam involved 52,712 and 113,000 troops, suffering 8,674 and 22,717 casualties. Wounded Knee, however, involved 610 combatants and resulted in as many as 705 casualties (including non-combatants).
1070:
Brown, p. 178, Brown states that at the army camp, "the
Indians were carefully counted." Utley, p. 204, gives 120 men, 230 women and children; there is no indication how many were warriors, old men, or incapacitated sick like Big
354:
was away on leave. After serving in
Washington Territory at Fort Bellingham and Camp Pickett, San Juan Island, Forsyth was promoted to first lieutenant in 1861 and returned to the East to command Union forces in the Civil War.
715:
The Army has also been criticized more generally for the seemingly disproportionate number of Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the battle. For comparison, 20 Medals were awarded at
Wounded Knee, 21 at the
462:
to Major in the
Regular Army for his service Chickamauga. When Sheridan transferred to the Army of the Potomac's Cavalry Corps, Forsyth followed as his chief of staff. He participated in this capacity during the
611:, Kansas, where he arrived September 8, 1887, where he remained in command until Nov. 10th, 1890, during which time he organized and developed the system of instruction for light artillery and cavalry for the
1022:
Whitehorne, p. 15. The NPS battle summary lists Union strength of 31,945. Cullen, p. 111, states 35,000 Union effectives, including 10,000 cavalry. Salmon, p. 368, and
Kennedy, p. 319, state 32,000 Union.
1004:
Green, Jerry (1994). "The Medals of
Wounded Knee". Nebraska State Historical Society, also available in Nebraska History #75, pp. 200–208. Nebraska State Historical Society History.
1031:
Whitehorne, p. 17. The NPS battle summary and Kennedy, p. 319, list Confederate strength of 21,000. Cullen, p. 112, states 18,000 Confederate effectives, including 4,000 cavalry.
827:
Memorials of Deceased Companions of the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States: From July 1, 1901 to December 31, 1911
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Calvin Spotted Elk, direct descendant of Chief Spotted Elk killed at Wounded Knee, launched a petition to rescind medals from the soldiers who participated in the battle.
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400:, returned and Forsyth did not participate in the actual battle. Forsyth relinquished command of the 64th Ohio to Colonel John Ferguson on 1 January 1862.
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appointment as a brevet Brigadier General in the regular army to rank from April 9, 1865. The Senate confirmed the appointment on July 23, 1866.
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after the end of the American Civil War. He commanded a brigade of cavalry for two years and was a strong supporter of African Americans and
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on December 29, 1890, during which more than 250 men, women, and children of the Lakota were killed and more than 50 were wounded.
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911:"Lakota~WOUNDED KNEE: A Campaign to Rescind Medals: story, pictures and information". Footnote.com. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
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Annual Reunion of the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy, at West Point, New York, June 12, 1908
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There have been several attempts by various parties to rescind the Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the
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319:(August 8, 1834 – October 24, 1906) was a U.S. Army officer and general. He was primarily a Union
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James W. Forsyth Papers. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
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W. Forsyth Papers. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
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On July 11, 1886, after a leave of absence of two months, Forsyth was promoted to Colonel of the
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Owens, Ronald J. (2004) Medal of Honor: Historical facts and figures. Turner Publishing Company
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Confederate. Salmon, p. 372, reports Union "almost 5,700", Confederate "almost 3,000."
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Brevet Brigadier General of Volunteers 9 May 1865 (for actions in the Valley Campaign)
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Lee, Robert, Fort Meade and the Black Hills, University of Nebraska Press, 1991.
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On May 11, 1897, Forsyth was promoted to major general to succeed Major General
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who had retired on May 8. Forsyth retired from the U.S. Army three days later.
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to succeed McCook and was appointed commander of the Department of California.
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that took place on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation on December 30, 1890.
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Lieutenant Colonel (Volunteers) 19 April 1864 (Assistant Inspector General)
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923:"Plains Humanities: Wounded Knee Massacre". Retrieved December 9, 2014.
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on November 9, 1861. He was temporarily in command of a brigade during
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In 1863 Forsyth transferred back to the Western Theater to serve as
331:. Forsyth is best known for having commanded the 7th Cavalry at the
841:, Saginaw, Mich., Seemann & Peters, Printers And Binders, 1908.
701:
Mass Grave for the Dead Lakota After the Engagement at Wounded Knee
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Brevet Lieutenant Colonel 19 October 1864 (Cedar Creek, Virginia)
656:. The couple had four children. He died on October 24, 1906, in
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to hold the position vacated by the retirement of Major General
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Brevet Brigadier General 9 April 1865 (for action at Five Forks)
517:. Later, all of these men would become famous Indian fighters.
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985:"No Medals for massacre: Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee"
887:"No Medals for Massacre: Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee"
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Camp Forsyth on Ft. Riley, Kansas is also named in his honor.
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Major (Volunteers) 7 April 1864 (Assistant Adjutant General)
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1st Lieutenant, 9th Infantry (Regular Army) 15 March 1861
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University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
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University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
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Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
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From left: Sheridan, Forsyth, Merritt, Devin and Custer
862:"The Wounded Knee medals of honor should be rescinded"
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Brigadier General 9 November 1894 (Dept of California)
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Brevet Major 20 September 1863 (Chickamauga, Georgia)
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Captain, 18th Infantry (Regular Army) 24 October 1861
479:. He received brevets to Lieutenant Colonel, USA for
475:
and chief of staff to the Union Cavalries during the
934:"The 110th Anniversary of the Wounded Knee Massacre"
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603:, assumed command of the regiment July 26, 1886, at
615:. Forsyth was in command of the 7th Cavalry at the
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557:Brevet Colonel 1 April 1865 (Five Forks, Virginia)
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487:and Brigadier General, U.S. Volunteers, for the
1204:Burials at Green Lawn Cemetery (Columbus, Ohio)
638:. Colonel Forsyth was promoted to the rank of
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652:Forsyth married the daughter of Ohio Governor
613:School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry
679:Lieutenant Colonel, 1st Cavalry 4 April 1878
467:. He was subsequently chief of staff of the
327:and cavalry regimental commander during the
1134:A Hero to His Fighting Men: Nelson A. Miles
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771:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
1086:Roundup Record-Tribune & Winnett Times
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505:Forsyth served under Sheridan along with
427:until the latter's untimely death at the
1214:People of Ohio in the American Civil War
983:Joseph Huff-Hannon (February 12, 2013).
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536:Transferred to 18th Infantry 14 May 1861
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1166:. 1877–1935. 71.86 cubic feet. At the
626:On November 9, 1894, Brigadier General
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407:where he served as the assistant U.S.
1234:Native American genocide perpetrators
1229:United States Military Academy alumni
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1157:1803–2004. 6.82 cubic feet. At the
860:Dana Lone Hill (February 18, 2013).
388:'s march to the relief of Maj. Gen.
1118:, Stanford University Press, 2001,
800:, Stanford University Press, 2001,
94:Green Lawn Cemetery, Columbus, Ohio
24:
520:After the war, Forsyth joined the
473:Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1864
25:
1245:
1136:, the Kent State University Press
682:Colonel, 7th Cavalry 11 June 1886
619:on December 29, 1890, and at the
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676:Major, 10th Cavalry 28 July 1866
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1082:"Origins of Names on Milwaukee"
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1088:. August 22, 1940. p. 6
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27:American general (1834–1906)
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441:Battle of Fredericksburg
260:Valley campaigns of 1864
236:Battle of Fredericksburg
232:Fredericksburg campaign
178:Department of California
1142:Col. Forsyth Exonerated
1132:DeMontravel, Peter R.,
1116:Civil War High Commands
798:Civil War High Commands
1164:Edmond S. Meany papers
1140:"The New York Times":
707:Battle of Wounded Knee
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469:Army of the Shenandoah
431:. Forsyth then became
425:Joseph K. F. Mansfield
373:
296:Battle of Wounded Knee
1110:Eicher, John H., and
792:Eicher, John H., and
718:Battle of Cedar Creek
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617:Wounded Knee Massacre
494:On January 13, 1866,
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333:Wounded Knee Massacre
317:James William Forsyth
265:Battle of Cedar Creek
248:Battle of Chickamauga
147:Years of service
34:James William Forsyth
18:James William Forsyth
817:Eicher, 2001, p. 733
621:Drexel Mission Fight
565:American Indian Wars
343:Forsyth was born in
329:American Indian Wars
301:Drexel Mission Fight
277:Battle of Five Forks
243:Chickamauga campaign
1224:Union Army generals
1219:Pine Ridge Campaign
959:"Wagner...Part Two"
893:. February 12, 2013
891:The Huffington Post
662:Green Lawn Cemetery
660:, and is buried in
579:Franco-Prussian War
483:, colonel, USA for
477:Appomattox Campaign
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272:Appomattox campaign
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429:Battle of Antietam
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382:64th Ohio Infantry
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325:American Civil War
226:Battle of Antietam
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199:American Civil War
136:United States Army
640:brigadier general
465:Overland Campaign
423:to Major General
417:Maryland Campaign
409:inspector general
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352:George E. Pickett
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866:the Guardian
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733:The Town of
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571:Regular Army
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511:Thomas Devin
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421:aide-de-camp
402:
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345:Maumee, Ohio
342:
316:
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184:Battles/wars
77:(1906-10-24)
65:Maumee, Ohio
1194:1906 deaths
1189:1834 births
693:Controversy
590:Bannock War
481:Cedar Creek
471:during the
456:Chickamauga
450:to General
411:during the
323:during the
286:Bannock War
1183:Categories
1105:References
609:Fort Riley
485:Five Forks
390:U.S. Grant
378:Union Army
339:Early life
140:Union Army
102:Allegiance
58:1834-08-08
728:Memorials
496:President
460:brevetted
150:1856–1897
1149:Archives
1092:27 April
968:March 1,
943:March 1,
897:March 1,
871:March 1,
749:See also
448:adjutant
170:Commands
122:Service/
588:in the
439:at the
435:to the
349:Captain
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513:, and
394:Shiloh
359:Career
133:
124:branch
111:
96:, U.S.
89:Buried
84:, U.S.
67:, U.S.
1173:James
1071:Foot.
777:Notes
115:Union
1120:ISBN
1094:2015
970:2015
945:2015
899:2015
873:2015
802:ISBN
190:List
155:Rank
72:Died
52:Born
454:at
392:at
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