Overland Campaign - Knowledge

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in numerous attacks merely to defeat Lee solely through attrition, without regard for the losses to his army, needlessly throwing lives away in fruitless frontal assaults to bludgeon Lee. The overall strategy of the Overland Campaign depended on using Grant's numerical superiority to allow progressive shifts to the left by "spare" Union corps while Confederate forces were relatively pinned in their positions by the remaining Union forces. Such a strategy could not succeed without the continuing threat of defeat by direct assault in each of the positions assumed by Lee's army. The strategy failed in that Lee, possessing shorter lines of march (being nearer to Richmond, which was also his base), was able to prevent Grant's forces getting between Lee and Richmond, but was effective in allowing Grant to draw progressively closer to Richmond up to the battle at Cold Harbor. There, with the barrier of the James River and estuary to his left, Grant did not have the room necessary to continue such movements. He had to choose one among three possibilities: attack, shift to the right and thus back toward Washington, or cross the James to get at Lee's supply lines. He attempted the first, then did the third, as the second was unacceptable.

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came at a high cost. The campaign was the bloodiest in American history: approximately 55,000 casualties on the Union side (of which 7,600 were killed), 33,600 (4,300 killed) on the Confederate. Lee's losses, although lower in absolute numbers, were higher in percentage (over 50%) than Grant's (about 45%), and more critically, while Grant could expect reinforcements to replace his army's losses, Lee largely could not. His losses were irreplaceable. Furthermore, the public interprets the results of the campaign based on these casualty lists. Earl Hess states, "The observer should not be fooled by the gory assaults that riveted everyone's attention from Spotsylvania onward—the Overland Campaign was at its heart a campaign of maneuver...Grant's most significant achievement in the Overland Campaign was not capturing territory or reducing the fighting of strength of the Army of Northern Virginia by 50%; rather, it lay in robbing Lee of the opportunity to launch large scale offensives against the Army of the Potomac."

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their march toward crossings near Hanovertown, about 34 miles to the southeast. Once Lee recognized that his opponent had departed, he moved his army swiftly in response. His three corps marched south along the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad, and then overland, heading for Atlee's Station on the Virginia Central Railroad, a point only 9 miles north of Richmond. There, his men would be well-positioned behind a stream known as Totopotomoy Creek to defend against Grant if he moved against the railroads or Richmond. He also sent a small brigade of North Carolina cavalry down the southern bank of the Pamunkey to scout and harass the Union advance wherever possible. During the march, Lee's illness forced him to ride in a carriage. Ewell was also laid up with a similar illness and rode in an ambulance. His condition was serious enough that he was temporarily replaced in command by Maj. Gen.

1770:, dismounted and deployed in a long, double-ranked line of battle, as if they were infantrymen. Custer inspired his men by staying mounted as he led them forward. Receiving heavy rifle and artillery fire, 41 of the Union cavalrymen fell in the attack. Meanwhile, a mistaken identification of some dismounted Union cavalrymen as infantry concerned Hampton and he gave the order to begin withdrawing. (Hampton had also just received intelligence from prisoners on the location of two Union corps that had crossed the Pamunkey, which meant that his reconnaissance mission had been successfully completed.) As the Confederate brigades withdrew, Custer took advantage of the situation by charging forward for a final attack. Davies's brigade joined the attack and the remaining Confederate line fell apart into a rout, but by nightfall Hampton's cavalry was safely west of Totopotomoy Creek. 2280:

Charlottesville roads. They found Hampton's entire force in an L-shaped line behind some log breastworks two miles northwest of Trevilian. The Union cavalrymen launched seven assaults against the apex and shorter leg of the "L", but were repulsed with heavy losses. Two brigades of Fitzhugh Lee's division swung around to hit the Union right flank with a strong counterattack. The battle ended about 10 p.m. and the Union withdrew late in the night. It had been the bloodiest and largest all-cavalry engagement of the war. Sheridan, burdened with many wounded men, about 500 prisoners, and a shortage of ammunition, decided to withdraw. He planned a leisurely march back to Cold Harbor, knowing that Hampton would be obliged to follow and would be kept occupied for days, unavailable in that time to Robert E. Lee.

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defensible crossing in the area. On the western line of the V, reaching southwest to anchor on Little River, was the corps of A.P. Hill; on the east were Anderson and Ewell, extending through Hanover Junction and ending behind a swamp. Lee's men worked nonstop overnight to complete the fortifications. The new position represented a significant potential threat to Grant. By moving south of the river, Lee hoped that Grant would assume that he was retreating, leaving only a token force to prevent a crossing at Ox Ford. If Grant pursued, then Lee hoped the pointed wedge of the inverted V would split Grant's army and Lee could concentrate on interior lines to defeat one wing; the other Union wing would have to cross the North Anna twice to support the attacked wing.

870:'s North Carolinians. Both attacks failed under heavy fire, and Crawford ordered his men to pull back. Warren ordered an artillery section into Saunders Field to support his attack, but it was captured by Confederate soldiers, who were pinned down and prevented by rifle fire from moving the guns until darkness. In the midst of hand-to-hand combat at the guns, the field caught fire and men from both sides were shocked as their wounded comrades burned to death. The lead elements of Sedgwick's VI Corps reached Saunders Field at 3 p.m., by which time Warren's men had ceased fighting. Sedgwick attacked Ewell's line in the woods north of the Turnpike and both sides traded attacks and counterattacks that lasted about an hour before each disengaged to erect earthworks. 1441:'s division, Ledlie's men were immediately repulsed. Crittenden sent word to Ledlie not to attack until the full division had crossed the river, but Ledlie, by now completely drunk, ordered a charge. The Confederates waited to open fire until they were at close range, and the effect was to drive Ledlie's leading men into ditches for protection. Two Massachusetts regiments rallied, but Mahone's Mississippi troops stepped out of their works and shot them down. Despite his miserable performance, Ledlie received praise from his division commander that his brigade "behaved gallantly." He was promoted to division command after the battle and his drunkenness in the field continued to plague his men, culminating in his humiliating failure at the 1387:

terminate his maneuver. Lee was still in the dark about Grant's intentions and was reluctant to disengage prematurely from the Spotsylvania Court House line. He cautiously extended Ewell's Corps to the Telegraph Road and notified Breckinridge, who was en route to join Lee, to stop at Hanover Junction and defend the North Anna River line until Lee could join him. Meanwhile, Grant started the rest of his corps on their marches. Lee ordered Ewell to march south on the Telegraph Road, followed by Anderson's Corps, and A.P. Hill's Corps on parallel roads to the west. Lee's orders were not urgent; he knew that Ewell had 25 miles (40 km) to march over relatively good roads, versus Hancock's 34 miles (55 km) over inferior roads.

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of the IX Corps. On the night of May 13–14, the corps began a difficult march in heavy rain. Grant notified Washington that, having endured five days of almost continuous rain, his army could not resume offensive operations until they had 24 hours of dry weather. The weather finally cleared on May 17. Grant ordered the II Corps and the VI Corps to attack against the Mule Shoe area again at sunrise, May 18. Unfortunately for the Union plan, the former Confederate works were still occupied by Ewell's Second Corps and they had used the intervening time to improve the earthworks and the obstacles laid out in front of them. Unlike on May 12, they were not caught by surprise. As Hancock's men advanced, they were caught up in

1066:, while the rest of his command, in the center, watched for an opening to attack there as well. Hancock's II Corps advanced across the Po, but he delayed his attack until the morning. This error was fatal to Grant's plan. That night, Lee moved two divisions of Jubal Early's corps from Spotsylvania Court House into position against Hancock. On the morning of May 10, Grant ordered Hancock to withdraw north of the Po, leaving a single division in place to occupy the Confederates in that sector, while the rest of his army was to attack at 5 p.m. across the entire Confederate line. At 2 p.m., Jubal Early decided to attack the division, which retreated across the Po without being captured, destroying the bridges behind them. 2903: 3005: 2971: 2954: 2869: 3022: 2264:

Custer's force and Trevilian Station. Custer ordered the 7th Michigan to charge, driving the Georgians back. Hampton now learned of the threat in his rear area and sent in three brigades. Suddenly Custer was virtually surrounded, his command in an ever-shrinking circle, as every side was charged and hit with shells. Sheridan heard the firing from Custer's direction and realized he needed help. He charged with two brigades, pushing Hampton's men back all the way to the station, while a third brigade swung into Fitzhugh Lee's exposed right flank, thus pushing him back. Hampton fell back to the west, Lee to the east, and the battle ended for the day with the Federals in possession of Trevilian Station.

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with his remaining corps and strike him before the Confederates could entrench again. Before Hancock began to move, Lee ordered Ewell to conduct a reconnaissance in force to locate the northern flank of the Union army. Ewell fought near the Harris farm with several units of Union heavy artillery soldiers who had recently been converted to infantry duty before he was recalled by Lee. Grant's intended advance of Hancock's corps was delayed by the Harris farm engagement, so the troops did not begin their movement south until the night of May 20–21. Lee did not fall into Grant's trap of attacking Hancock, but traveled on a parallel path to the

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Confederate line, rifle and artillery fire mowed them down. The artillery fire against Smith's corps was heavier than might have been expected because Warren's V Corps to his right was reluctant to advance and the Confederate gunners in Warren's sector concentrated on Smith's men instead. The only activity on the northern end of the field was by Burnside's IX Corps, facing Jubal Early. He launched a powerful assault at 6 a.m. that overran the Confederate skirmishers but mistakenly thought he had pierced the first line of earthworks and halted his corps to regroup before moving on, which he planned for that afternoon.

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blood. The opposing troops gunpowder became wet and unusable, forcing them into a massive close-quarters, hand to hand struggle similar to ancient battles. Warren's attack at Laurel Hill began on a small scale around 8:15 a.m. For some of his men, this was their fourth or fifth attack against the same objective and few fought with enthusiasm. They were repulsed again. Burnside advanced against the eastern leg of the Mule Shoe before dawn, materially aiding Hancock's breakthrough. At 2 p.m., Grant and Lee coincidentally ordered simultaneous attacks in this stalemated sector. The advance by Union Brig. Gen.

2200:. Work started at 4 p.m. on June 15 and was completed seven hours later. Although most of Grant's infantry crossed the river by boats, the IX Corps, one division of VI Corps, the animals and supply wagons, and a part of the artillery crossed on the bridge on June 15 and 16. By the morning of June 17, more than 100,000 men, 5,000 wagons and ambulances, 56,000 horses and mules, and 2,800 head of cattle had crossed the river without alerting the Confederates. Before the entire army had crossed, Smith's XVIII Corps, followed by Hancock's II Corps, became engaged in the next campaign, Richmond–Petersburg (the 6113: 128: 2835: 2412:

continue defending the Confederate capital. This represented a change of strategy from that of Grant's Overland Campaign, in which confronting and defeating Lee's army in the open was the primary goal. Now, Grant selected a geographic and political target and knew that his superior resources could besiege Lee there, pin him down, and either starve him into submission or lure him out for a decisive battle. Lee at first believed that Grant's main target was Richmond and devoted only minimal troops under Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard to the defense of Petersburg as the siege of Petersburg began.

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land near Crump's Creek, delaying his VI Corps until late in the day. Hancock's skirmishers captured some of Breckinridge's rifle pits, but made little progress against the main Confederate line. Meade ordered Burnside's reserve corps to assist Hancock, but they arrived too late in the day to affect the battle. On the Union left, Warren moved the rest of his V Corps across the creek and began probing west. Lee ordered Early's corps, which was entrenched across Warren's path, to attack the V corps with the assistance of Anderson's corps. Early planned to send the division of Maj. Gen.

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in the early afternoon in clearing the north bank of the Chickahominy and gaining a foothold on the Confederate side of the river. Custer's men pinned down remaining threatening enemy units and captured two artillery pieces, while pioneers energetically planked the bridge to provide safe passage for large numbers of men and horses. By mid-afternoon, Merritt's entire division had crossed and engaged the Confederate hasty works on Richmond Heights, driving the defenders back to Gaines's Mill. By 4 p.m., the rest of Sheridan's cavalry had crossed the river.

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Federal soldiers suffered horribly without food, water, or medical assistance. Grant was reluctant to ask for a formal truce that would allow him to recover his wounded because that would be an acknowledgment he had lost the battle. He and Lee traded notes across the lines from June 5 to June 7 without coming to an agreement, and when Grant formally requested a two-hour cessation of hostilities, it was too late for most of the unfortunate wounded, who were now bloated corpses. Grant was widely criticized in the Northern press for this lapse of judgment.

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Lee ordered Early's Second Corps to depart for Charlottesville, likewise on June 12.) As night fell on June 12, Hancock's II Corps and Wright's VI Corps took up positions on the new entrenchment line. Warren's V Corps cleared the roads heading south, advancing over Long Bridge and White Oak Swamp Bridge, taking up a blocking position just east of Riddell's Shop, facing toward Richmond while Burnside's IX Corps and Smith's XVIII Corps withdrew from the original line of entrenchments. The cavalry brigade of Col. George H. Chapman, part of Brig. Gen.

1164: 2772:. ... Grant and Lee were about as evenly matched in military talent as any two opposing generals have ever been. Grant's strength was unwavering adherence to his strategic objective. He made mistakes, but the overall pattern of his campaign reveals an innovative general employing thoughtful combinations of maneuver and force to bring a difficult adversary to bay on his home turf. Lee's strength was resilience and the fierce devotion that he inspired in his troops. He, too, made mistakes and often placed his smaller army in peril. But each time— 2219: 1402:, overwhelmed Henagan's small force, which fled across the bridge. Union sharpshooters discouraged Confederate attempts to burn the bridge. Hancock's men did not cross the bridge and seize ground to the south because Confederate artillery was laying down heavy fire against them. At Jericho Mills, Warren found the river ford unprotected and established a beachhead south of the river. General Lee convinced his Third Corps commander, A.P. Hill, that Warren's movement was simply a feint, so Hill sent only a single division, commanded by Maj. Gen. 1828:

was firmly entrenched on the far bank, Hancock's men began digging in. Warren's V Corps extended the II Corps line to the left. Wright's VI Corps was sent northwest from Hanovertown toward Hanover Court House. Burnside's IX Corps was in reserve near Haw's Shop and Sheridan's Cavalry Corps was far to the Union left, near Old Church. The Confederate line, from left to right, consisted of the corps of A.P. Hill, Breckinridge's independent division, and the corps of Anderson and Early. No action beyond minor skirmishing occurred during the day.

977: 2820: 1288:'s men were initially pushed back in some confusion, but Gregg had concealed a heavy line of skirmishers armed with repeating carbines in a brushy ravine. His men poured forth a destructive fire, halting the final Confederate advances, assisted by some of Wilson's men who turned the flank of the attacking column. Federal horse artillery made sure that the Confederate infantry no longer was a threat, and three mounted cavalry regiments skirmished with approaching enemy cavalry, turning them aside and protecting the rear. 1011: 1112:

infantrymen were notified that the new line was ready, and they withdrew from the original earthworks unit by unit. The combat they had endured for almost 24 hours was characterized by an intensity of firepower never previously seen in Civil War battles, as the entire landscape was flattened, all the foliage destroyed. May 12 was the most intensive day of fighting during the battle, with Union casualties of about 9,000, Confederate 8,000; the Confederate loss includes about 3,000 prisoners captured in the Mule Shoe.

953: 2304: 2292: 1978:. His attack flanked the Confederates on both ends of the line. As Butler's men fled to the rear, his reserve regiment, the 7th South Carolina, counterattacked in an attempt to maintain the line. The superior Union numbers and firepower—the Michiganders were armed with Spencer repeating rifles—carried the day. The Union troopers pursued the retreating Confederates with enthusiasm. Butler eventually rallied his men at Old Cold Harbor and Torbert's men bivouacked about 1.5 miles northeast of the intersection. 965: 1611: 1797: 1603: 1515: 2122:

repetition of the attack a "wanton waste of life," refused to advance again. Wright's men increased their rifle fire but stayed in place. By 12:30 p.m. Grant conceded that his army was done. He wrote to Meade, "The opinion of the corps commanders not being sanguine of success in case an assault is ordered, you may direct a suspension of further advance for the present." Estimates of casualties that morning are from 3,000 to 7,000 on the Union side, no more than 1,500 on the Confederate.

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reason that Grant chose to maneuver repeatedly around Lee's right flank during the campaign, relying on waterborne supply lines instead of the railroads, such as the Orange and Alexandria, in Virginia's interior. Furthermore, since many of his soldiers' three-year enlistments were about to expire, they were naturally reluctant to participate in dangerous assaults. To deal with these challenges, Grant supplemented his forces by reassigning soldiers manning the heavy artillery batteries around

1805: 1222: 989: 2110: 1997: 1406:, to deal with Warren's supposedly minor threat. The Union troops were taken by surprise and their right flank was beaten back, but they were supported by three batteries of artillery, which slowed the Confederate advance until Union reinforcements arrived to end the brief battle. The next morning, Lee expressed his displeasure at Hill's performance: "General Hill, why did you let those people cross here? Why didn't you throw your whole force on them and drive them back as 2148: 1300:. They bivouacked that night at Gaines's Mill, which was burned the following morning by some of the stragglers; Sheridan ordered a bucket brigade to douse the flames. Upon reaching Bottom's Bridge over the Chickahominy, they found it had also been damaged and rested there for the night while it was repaired. By this time, Sheridan's men were suffering from hunger and it was becoming urgent that they reach Union lines. On May 14, he led his men to Haxall's Landing on the 941: 778: 1331: 2387:

capital and Lee's army. He also suffered relatively heavy casualties—particularly in his officer corps—and lost a large number of his horses to battle and heat exhaustion. And yet Sheridan claimed his raid was an undeniable victory. In his 1866 official report on operations he wrote, "The result was constant success and the almost total annihilation of the rebel cavalry. We marched when and where we pleased; were always the attacking party, and always successful."

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Totopotomoy Creek and assume a position to the left of Wright's VI Corps. Once Hancock was in position, Meade would attack on his left from Old Cold Harbor with three Union corps in line, totaling 31,000 men: Hancock's II Corps, Wright's VI Corps, and Baldy Smith's XVIII Corps. Meade also ordered Warren and Burnside to attack Lee's left flank in the morning "at all hazards," convinced that Lee was moving troops from his left to fortify his right.

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to the corps commanders to decide where they would hit the Confederate lines and how they would coordinate with each other. No senior commander had reconnoitered the enemy position. Robert E. Lee took advantage of the Union delays to bolster his defenses. When Hancock departed Totopotomoy Creek, Lee was free to shift Breckinridge's division to his far right flank. He also moved troops from A. P. Hill's Third Corps, the divisions of Brig. Gens.

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Multiple attacks by the divisions of the V Corps were repulsed with heavy casualties. In the afternoon, Sedgwick's VI Corps arrived near Laurel Hill and extended Warren's line to the east. By 7 p.m., both corps began a coordinated assault but were repulsed by heavy fire. They attempted to move around Anderson's right flank, but were surprised to find that divisions from Ewell's Second Corps had arrived in that sector to repulse them again.

3333:, pp. 46–47; Eicher, pp. 661–62. McPherson, p. 734, notes that "numerous historians have mislabeled Grant's purpose as a war of attrition": "From the outset he had tried to maneuver Lee into open field combat, where the Union's superiority in numbers and firepower could cripple the enemy. It was Lee who turned it into a war of attrition by skillfully matching Grant's moves and confronting him with an entrenched defense at every turn." 2082: 2026: 2078:, to support Breckinridge, and stationed cavalry under Fitzhugh Lee to guard the army's right flank. The result was a curving line on low ridges, 7 miles (11 km) long, with the left flank anchored on Totopotomoy Creek, the right on the Chickahominy River, making any flanking moves impossible. Lee's engineers used their time effectively and constructed the "most ingenious defensive configuration the war had yet witnessed." 2252:'s skirmish line. Hampton dismounted his men and pushed the skirmishers back into the thick woods, expecting Fitzhugh Lee to arrive on his right at any minute. However, Hampton was severely outnumbered and soon he was forced back. Eventually Col. Gilbert J. Wright's Confederate brigade joined in the close-quarter fighting in the thick brush, but after several hours they also were pushed back within sight of Trevilian Station. 2371:

followed a parallel route, protecting the right flank. At about 8 a.m., Gregg's division pushed back Confederate pickets to the north and entrenched to the west of Samaria Church (identified in Federal reports as St. Mary's Church). From 3 to 4 p.m., Hampton's five brigades attacked Gregg's two. The pressure was too great on the Union cavalrymen and they began to withdraw down the road to Charles City Court House.

711:. He meant to "hammer continuously against the armed force of the enemy and his resources until by mere attrition, if in no other way, there should be nothing left to him but an equal submission with the loyal section of our common country to the constitution and laws of the land." Both Union and Confederate casualties could be high, but the Union had greater resources to replace lost soldiers and equipment. 1714: 48: 2168:. Third, he planned a stealthy operation to withdraw from Lee's front and move across the James River. He planned to cross to the south bank of the river, bypassing Richmond, and isolate the capital by seizing the railroad junction of Petersburg to the south. Lee reacted to the first two actions as Grant had hoped. He pulled Breckinridge's division from Cold Harbor and sent it toward 2022:

assault until the First Corps' attack was well underway, because the Union defenders were disorganized as well. Wright's VI Corps had not moved out until after midnight and was on a 15-mile (24 km) march. Smith's XVIII Corps had mistakenly been sent to New Castle Ferry on the Pamunkey River, several miles away, and did not reach Old Cold Harbor in time to assist Torbert.

1579:'s Confederate brigade moved east of the fort, while Col. John Dunovant of the 5th South Carolina Cavalry demonstrated on the western end of the fort. Dunovant's men advanced as far as the ditch and abatis, but were driven back by heavy fire. Wickham's men rushed forward across an open field and were met by interlocking fields of musket fire, canister rounds from two 10-pound 1316:, and there are lingering questions about whether Sheridan should have attempted to assault the city of Richmond. In the latter case, Sheridan believed it would not have been worth the risk in casualties and he recognized that the chances of holding the city for more than a brief time would be minimal; any advantages would primarily result from damage to Confederate morale. 1088:'s division in the Mule Shoe to be ready for a movement to the right. He was completely unaware, of course, that this was exactly the place Grant intended to attack. Johnson requested to Ewell that his artillery be returned, but somehow the order did not reach the artillery units until 3:30 a.m. on May 12, 30 minutes before Hancock's assault was planned to start. 1383:

successful alternative. He designated Hancock's II Corps to head southeast from Spotsylvania to Milford Station, hoping that Lee would take the bait and attack this isolated corps. If he did, Grant would attack him with his three remaining corps; if he did not, Grant would have lost nothing and his advance element might reach the North Anna before Lee could.

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Sheridan from learning the disposition of Lee's army while delaying the Union advance for seven hours, and General Lee received the valuable intelligence he had sought. He now knew that Grant had crossed the Pamunkey in force, although he was still unclear on the next steps that Grant might take and therefore waited for further developments.

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afternoon, and the XVIII Corps men began to entrench on the right of the VI Corps. At 6:30 p.m. the attack that Grant had ordered for the morning finally began. Both Wright's and Smith's corps moved forward. Wright's men made little progress south of the Mechanicsville Road, recoiling from heavy fire. North of the road, Brig. Gen.

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of frontal attacks against the Confederate line and getting around either Confederate flank was infeasible. However, the Union general remained optimistic. He was convinced that Lee had demonstrated the weakness of his army by not attacking when he had the upper hand. He wrote to the Army's chief of staff, Maj. Gen.

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more than a couple of shots. The plan worked well initially, but Generals Lee and Ewell were quick to organize a vigorous counterattack with brigades from all sectors of the Mule Shoe. No Union supporting units arrived. Upton's men were driven out of the Confederate works, and he reluctantly ordered them to retreat.

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made slow progress and lost their way at times. Ewell's men on the Turnpike had attacked first, at 4:45 a.m., but continued to be pinned down by attacks from Sedgwick's and Warren's corps and could not be relied upon for assistance. Before a total collapse, however, reinforcements arrived at 6 a.m., Brig. Gen.

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generally knows what he is talking about. Let him start right out and do it." Meade deferred to Grant's judgment and issued orders to Sheridan to "proceed against the enemy's cavalry." Sheridan's entire command of 10,000 cavalrymen departed the following day. They engaged with (and mortally wounded) Stuart at the

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Hancock's II Corps had crowded into a narrow front about a half mile wide and soon lost all unit cohesion, becoming little more than an armed mob. Following the initial shock, the Confederate leadership at all levels began to react well to the Union onslaught and reinforcements were rushed in to stem the tide.

1733:. Three miles west of Hanovertown, and a mile beyond a large blacksmith shop called Haw's Shop, Gregg's troopers ran into Hampton at Enon Church, finding the Confederate cavalrymen dismounted in a wooded area, hurriedly erecting breastworks made of logs and rails, and well covered by artillery. Brig. Gen. 1691:, the 1st Maryland under Col. Bradley T. Johnson and the brigade of North Carolinians under Col. John A. Baker. The Confederates withdrew under the pressure of superior numbers. The rest of Torbert's division then crossed the river, followed by Gregg's cavalry division and a division of Union infantry. 2386:

Sheridan's raid to Trevilian Station and back to the Army of the Potomac achieved mixed results. He successfully diverted Confederate attention from Grant's crossing of the James, but was unsuccessful in his objective of cutting the Virginia Central Railroad, a critical supply line to the Confederate

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At 4:30 a.m. on June 3, the three Union corps began to advance through a thick ground fog. Massive fire from the Confederate lines quickly caused heavy casualties, and the survivors were pinned down. The most effective performance of the day was on the Union left flank, where Hancock's corps was

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Grant began a general advance on May 30. Wright's corps was to move south against A.P. Hill on the Confederate left, while Hancock attacked across the creek against Breckinridge in the center, and Warren moved west toward Early along Shady Grove Road. Wright's advance became bogged down in the swampy

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because it was fought predominantly by dismounted cavalry, many of which were protected by earthworks. Both sides claimed victory. Sheridan bragged that his men had driven Hampton from the field and had again demonstrated their superiority over the Confederate cavalry. Hampton, however, had prevented

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At 1:30 p.m. on May 24 Lee demanded the surrender of the garrison. He promised that the black soldiers would be taken to Richmond and treated as prisoners of war, but if they did not surrender, he would not be "answerable for the consequences." Wild and his men interpreted this to mean that some

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On May 25, light skirmishing occurred between the lines and Union soldiers occupied themselves by tearing up 5 miles of the Virginia Central Railroad, a key supply line from the Shenandoah Valley to Richmond. Grant's options were limited. The slaughter at Spotsylvania Court House ruled out the option

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Grant's objective following Spotsylvania was the North Anna River, about 25 miles (40 km) south, and the important railroad intersection just south of it, Hanover Junction. Grant knew that Lee could probably beat him in a straight race to the North Anna, so he devised a stratagem that might be a

1284:'s division was assailed on three sides when it was light enough for a brigade of Confederate infantry to sally forth from the fortifications and attack. Soon, other Confederates, including Richmond citizens hastily pressed into military service, joined in the efforts to break through the rear lines. 1233:

On May 9, over 10,000 of Sheridan's troopers rode to the southeast with 32 artillery pieces to move behind Lee's army. The column, which at times stretched for over 13 miles (21 km), reached the Confederate forward supply base at Beaver Dam Station that evening. Sheridan's men destroyed numerous

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Grant decided to abandon the Spotsylvania area. He ordered Hancock's II Corps to march to the railroad line between Fredericksburg and Richmond, and then turn south. With luck, Lee might take the bait and follow, seeking to overwhelm and destroy the isolated corps. In that case, Grant would chase Lee

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The results of Hampton's cavalry activities against Sheridan were also mixed, but are usually seen in a more positive light than Sheridan's. He had succeeded in protecting the railroads and, indirectly, Richmond. He achieved tactical victories on the second day of Trevilian Station and against Gregg

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On June 9, Meade ordered the construction of a new line of entrenchments in the army's rear, extending northward from Elder Swamp to Allen's Mill Pond. On June 11, the construction was complete and he issued orders for a movement to the James River, beginning after dark on June 12. (Also on June 11,

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became concerned and ordered Torbert to pull back toward Old Church. Grant continued his interest in Old Cold Harbor as an avenue for Smith's arrival and ordered Wright's VI Corps to move in that direction from his right flank on Totopotomoy Creek, and he ordered Sheridan to return to the crossroads

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Although Butler had successfully gathered the information that Robert E. Lee needed, for the second time in three days—Haw's Shop and Matadequin Creek—the Confederate cavalry had been driven back by their Union counterparts, and in both cases Custer's brigade had provided the crucial force needed to

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to the Pamunkey. If Smith moved due west from White House Landing to Cold Harbor, 3 miles southeast of Bethesda Church and Grant's left flank, the extended Federal line would be too far south for the Confederate right to contain it. Lee sent his cavalry under Fitzhugh Lee to secure the crossroads at

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Meade ordered a general assault across the line to relieve pressure on Warren, but none of his corps commanders were in positions to comply immediately. However, Warren's men had extricated themselves from their predicament without additional assistance. The repulse of Ramseur's division discouraged

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Lee knew that his best defensive position against Grant would be the low ridge on the southern bank of Totopotomoy Creek, but he was not certain of Grant's specific plans. If Grant was not intending to cross the Pamunkey in force at Hanovertown, the Union army could outflank him and head directly to

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As the armies started their movements from Spotsylvania, the odds between them had become closer. Grant's army totaled approximately 68,000 men, depleted from the start of the campaign by battle losses, illnesses, and expired enlistments. Lee's was about 53,000. For the first time in the campaign he

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In the meantime, Custer's 5th Michigan Cavalry used snipers to suppress Confederate rifle fire while several daring dismounted troopers crossed the damaged railroad bridge, hopping from railroad tie to tie while menaced by persistent enemy artillery fire. Followed by the 6th Michigan, they succeeded

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Despite the significant casualties of May 12, Grant was undeterred. He planned to reorient his lines and shift the center of potential action to the east of Spotsylvania, where he could renew the battle. He ordered the V and VI Corps to move behind the II Corps and take positions past the left flank

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Hancock's assault started at 4:35 a.m. on May 12 and easily crashed through the Confederate works. Despite the initial success at obliterating much of the Mule Shoe salient, there was a flaw in the Union plan—no one had considered how to capitalize on the breakthrough. The 15,000 infantrymen of

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led a group of 12 hand-picked regiments, about 5,000 men in four battle lines, against an identified weak point on the west side of the Mule Shoe. The plan was for Upton's men to rush across the open field without pausing to fire and reload, reaching the earthworks before the Confederates could fire

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that turned around Northern morale and the political situation. Grant's reputation also suffered. The knowledge that he could more easily afford to replace his losses of men and equipment than Lee may have influenced Grant's strategy. However, historians do not agree that Grant deliberately engaged

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On June 20, Fitz Lee attempted to attack the Union supply depot at White House, but Sheridan's arrival relieved the garrison there. On June 21, Sheridan crossed over the Pamunkey River, leading 900 wagons toward the James River. On June 24, Torbert's division escorted the wagons as Gregg's division

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that he regretted for the rest of his life the decision to send in his men. The two opposing armies faced each other for nine days of trench warfare, in some places only yards apart. The trenches were hot, dusty, and miserable, but conditions were worse between the lines, where thousands of wounded

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In the center, Wright's corps was pinned down by the heavy fire and made little effort to advance further, still recovering from their costly charge on June 1. On the Union right, Smith's men advanced through unfavorable terrain and were channeled into two ravines. When they emerged in front of the

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Hancock's men marched almost all night and arrived too worn-out for an immediate attack that morning. Grant agreed to let the men rest and postponed the attack until 5 p.m., and then again until 4:30 a.m. on June 3. But Grant and Meade did not give specific orders for the attack, leaving it up

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On May 31 Hancock's II Corps again crossed Totopotomoy Creek, but found that the Confederate defense line stood well behind the actual creek bed. Grant realized that the strength of the Confederate position meant another stalemate was at hand. He began shifting his army southward toward Cold Harbor

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On May 29, Grant's army advanced southwest to confront Lee. Since most of his cavalry was occupied elsewhere, he decided to use infantry for a reconnaissance in force. Hancock's II Corps followed the Richmond–Hanovertown Road (also known as Atlee Station Road) to Totopotomoy Creek. Finding that Lee

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were sent to the Little Page Bridge and Taylor's Ford on the Pamunkey, 10 miles upriver from Grant's intended crossing points. Lee, who was still in his tent suffering from the diarrhea that had incapacitated him during the North Anna battle, was fooled by Grant's actions and assumed that the Union

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and was forced to remain in his tent, bedridden. Unfortunately, he had not sufficiently empowered a subordinate commander to take over during his illness. Lee lamented in his tent, "We must strike them a blow—we must never let them pass again—we must strike them a blow." But Lee lacked the means to

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By the evening of May 23, Lee finally understood that a major battle was developing in this location and began to plan his defensive position. He and his chief engineer devised a solution: a five-mile (8 km) line that formed an inverted "V" shape with its apex on the river at Ox Ford, the only

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On the morning of May 23, Warren and Hancock approached the North Anna. There were no significant fortifications to their front. Lee had misjudged Grant's plan, assuming any advance against the North Anna would be a mere diversion, while the main body of Grant's army continued its flanking march to

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Sheridan's raid was an overall tactical success, having killed Jeb Stuart at Yellow Tavern and beaten Fitzhugh Lee at Meadow Bridge, all with relatively minimal casualties—about 625 men for the entire raid, compared to 800 Confederate. From a strategic standpoint, however, the raid deprived General

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While Hancock was in the Po sector, Warren requested permission from Meade to attack Laurel Hill at 4 p.m., uncoordinated with the rest of Grant's attack. Again the Laurel Hill line repulsed the Union troops with heavy losses. Grant was forced to postpone his 5 p.m. coordinated assault until Warren

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Generals Meade and Sheridan had quarreled about the cavalry's performance throughout the campaign and their failures May 7–8 brought Meade's notorious temper to a boil. Sheridan told Meade that he could "whip Stuart" if Meade let him. Meade reported the conversation to Grant, who replied, "Well, he

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On May 6, Hancock's II Corps attacked Hill at 5 a.m., overwhelming the Third Corps with the divisions of Wadsworth, Birney, and Mott; Getty and Gibbon were in support. Lee had assured Hill that Longstreet's Corps would arrive to reinforce Hill before dawn, but moving cross-country in the dark, they

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Early on May 5, Warren's V Corps was advancing south toward the Plank Road when Ewell's Corps appeared in the west on the Turnpike. Meade halted his army and directed Warren to attack if the Confederates were a small, isolated group. Ewell's men erected earthworks on the western end of the clearing

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The Overland Campaign was a thrust necessary for the Union to win the war, and although Grant suffered a number of setbacks, the campaign turned into a strategic success for the Union. By engaging Lee's forces and not permitting them to escape, Grant forced Lee into an untenable position. But this

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Gregg's division escaped relatively intact and the supply wagons were unmolested. Having been blocked by Hampton's cavalry, Sheridan withdrew on June 25 and moved through Charles City Court House to Douthat's Landing, where the trains crossed the James on flatboats. His cavalry followed on June 27

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to reinforce Butler and secure the crossroads at Old Cold Harbor and ordered Anderson's First Corps to shift right from Totopotomoy Creek to support the cavalry. The lead brigade of Hoke's division also reached the crossroads to join Butler and Fitzhugh Lee. At 4 p.m. Torbert and elements of Brig.

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whose enlistments were due to expire that day. Rodes's men marched directly into Hardin's brigade at about noon and routed them. Crawford's entire division formation collapsed, exposing the V Corps' left flank. Unfortunately for the Confederates, Rodes lost control of his men, who ran beyond their

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extended Gregg's line to the right, thwarting a flanking maneuver attempted by Hampton with Chambliss's newly arrived brigade. There was plenty of infantry nearby that could have been called for reinforcements, with Hancock's II Corps dug in about one mile to the north, and there are disagreements

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Before he could move, however, Grant was faced with the problem of disengaging from Lee's army. Not only were the armies closely situated, Grant's first had to withdraw north over the North Anna, during which it would be very vulnerable to attack. Grant decided on a series of deceptive measures to

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Casualties were relatively light and the action had little effect on the outcome of the war, but the North scored a propaganda victory. It was the first significant combat encounter between the Army of Northern Virginia and black soldiers, who had fought well in a defensive battle against a larger

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After Yellow Tavern, Sheridan led his troops southward towards Richmond on May 11, carefully feeling his way through the abandoned outer defensive works. He kept up his movement down the Brook Pike, not realizing that he was boxing himself into a potential trap. Sheridan found himself only two and

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For the early days of the campaign—the Wilderness and the approach to Spotsylvania Court House—Meade had employed Sheridan's Cavalry Corps primarily in the traditional role of screening and reconnaissance, whereas Sheridan saw the value of wielding his force as an independently operating offensive

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On the morning of May 7, Grant chose maneuver instead of further attacks. By moving south on the Brock Road, he hoped to reach the crossroads at Spotsylvania Court House, which would interpose his army between Lee and Richmond, forcing Lee to fight on ground more advantageous to the Union army. He

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began to move in pursuit early on June 9. Although the Federals had a two-day head start, the Confederates had the advantage of a shorter route (about 45 miles versus 65) and terrain that was more familiar to them. By the evening of June 10, both forces had converged around Trevilian Station. The

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While action continued on the southern end of the battlefield, the three corps of Hancock, Burnside, and Warren were occupying a 5-mile line that stretched southeast to Bethesda Church, facing the Confederates under A.P. Hill, Breckinridge, and Early. At the border between the IX and V Corps, two

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Robert E. Lee's plan for June 1 was to use his newly concentrated infantry against the small cavalry forces at Old Cold Harbor, but his subordinates did not coordinate correctly. Anderson did not integrate Hoke's division with his attack plan and left him with the understanding that he was not to

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to defend the important intersection with the Brock Road. Getty's men arrived just before Hill's and the two forces skirmished briefly, ending with Hill's men withdrawing a few hundred yards west of the intersection. Meade sent orders to Hancock directing him to move his II Corps north to come to

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Although previous Union campaigns in Virginia targeted the Confederate capital of Richmond as their primary objective, this time the goal was to capture Richmond by aiming for the destruction of Lee's army. Lincoln had long advocated this strategy for his generals, recognizing that the city would

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Sheridan and two cavalry divisions left on June 7 for their raid against the Virginia Central Railroad and to link up with Hunter. In the first two days, plagued by heat and humidity, and by irregular mounted raiding parties, the Federal column advanced only about 40 miles. Scouts passed word of

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of Early's corps, newly promoted to division command, recklessly charged the Union artillery at 6:30 p.m. Gordon's division was still deploying and could not support the attack. Rodes's men were too occupied with protecting the Confederate right to assist. The only brigade that attacked was

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The Union infantry withdrew stealthily after dark on May 26 and by the morning of May 27 all were safely north of the North Anna. Burnside's IX Corps and Hancock's II Corps stayed in place to guard the river crossings while Warren's V Corps and Wright's VI Corps, led by Sheridan's cavalry, began

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ordered preparations for a night march on May 7 that would reach Spotsylvania, 10 mi (16 km) to the southeast, by the morning of May 8. Unfortunately for Grant, inadequate cavalry screening allowed Lee's army to reach the crossroads before sufficient Union troops arrived to contest it.

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had been disbanded and their survivors reallocated to other corps, which damaged unit cohesion and morale. Because he was operating on the offensive in enemy territory, Grant had to defend his bases of supply and the lines extending from them to his army in the field; it was principally for this

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that provided navigable access to the James River, and its role as a major crossroads and junction for five railroads. Since Petersburg was the main supply base and rail depot for the entire region, including Richmond, the taking of Petersburg by Union forces would make it impossible for Lee to

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At 7 a.m. Grant advised Meade to vigorously exploit any successful part of the assault. Meade ordered his three corps commanders on the left to assault at once, without regard to the movements of their neighboring corps. But all had had enough. Hancock advised against the move. Smith, calling a

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headed for the western leg of the Mule Shoe, at the point where it turned to the south. This sector of the line, where the heaviest fighting of the day would occur, became known as the "Bloody Angle." Heavy rain began to fall, and both sides fought on the earthworks slippery with both water and

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Despite his reverses on May 10, Grant had reason for optimism because of the partial success of Upton's innovative assault. He planned to use the same tactics with Hancock's entire corps. On the Confederate side, Lee received some intelligence reports that made him believe Grant was planning to

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containing ammunition and food, and hundreds of horses. The 5th Michigan Cavalry captured the lot, but left Custer cut off from Sheridan, and in their pursuit of the fleeing wagons, lost a number of their own men and much of their bounty. One of Wright's regiments, the 7th Georgia, got between

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Stuart moved his 4,500 troopers to get between Sheridan and Richmond. The two forces met at noon on May 11 at Yellow Tavern, an abandoned inn located six miles (9.7 km) north of Richmond. Not only did the Union outnumber the Confederates by three divisions to two brigades, it had superior

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scouted the Union line and recommended to his division commander, Jubal Early, that he conduct a flanking attack, but Early dismissed the venture as too risky and did not approve it until that evening. Gordon's attack made good progress against inexperienced New York troops, but eventually the

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At dawn on June 11, Hampton devised a plan in which he would split his divisions across the two roads leading to Clayton's Store and converge on the enemy at that crossroads, pushing Sheridan back to the North Anna River. Hampton took two of his brigades with him from Trevilian with his third

1946:

As the infantry of the two armies fought at Bethesda Church on May 30, Sheridan began to receive requests for assistance from Warren, who was concerned that his isolated advanced position on the left flank of the Union army put him at risk. Sheridan initially paid little attention to Warren's

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Hancock's corps of 20,000 men started marching the night of May 20–21. He was surprised to encounter some of Pickett's men at Milford Station on May 21, from which he inferred correctly that Lee was being reinforced. Rather than risk his corps in a fight in an isolated location, he decided to

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At dawn on May 8, Fitzhugh Lee's cavalrymen staked out a defensive line on a low ridge that they dubbed "Laurel Hill." Reinforcements from Anderson arrived just as Warren's men pulled up within 100 yards to the north. Assuming only cavalry blocked his path, Warren ordered an immediate attack.

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Although the June 1 attacks had been unsuccessful, Meade believed that an attack early on June 2 could succeed if he was able to mass sufficient forces against an appropriate location. He and Grant decided to target Lee's right flank. Meade ordered Hancock's II Corps to shift southeast from

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Anderson's attack was poorly coordinated and driven back by the heavy firepower of the Union cavalry's Spencer repeating carbines. By 9 a.m. Wright's lead elements arrived at the crossroads, but Wright decided to delay Grant's intended attack until after Smith arrived, which occurred in the

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On June 12, the Union cavalry destroyed Trevilian Station, several railcars, and about a mile of track on either side of the station. Concerned about the Confederates hovering near his flank, at about 3 p.m. Sheridan sent Torbert's division on a reconnaissance west on the Gordonsville and

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was making progress against Confederate forces, and Grant hoped that by interdicting Lee's supplies, the Confederate general would be forced to dispatch reinforcements to the Valley. Second, on June 7 Grant dispatched his cavalry under Sheridan to destroy the Virginia Central Railroad near

1111:

Throughout the afternoon, Confederate engineers scrambled to create a new defensive line 500 yards further south at the base of the Mule Shoe, while fighting at the Bloody Angle continued day and night with neither side achieving an advantage. At 4 a.m. on May 13, the exhausted Confederate

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to determine whether the intersection was threatened. At 3 p.m., an attack by Butler overwhelmed the Union pickets, who fought a vigorous delaying action to prevent the South Carolinians from crossing over the creek. Devin deployed three regiments in line, Butler two, with one in reserve.

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on the James. Sheridan learned that the White House depot had not yet been broken up, so he sent his wounded, prisoners, and African-Americans who had been following his column, to White House under escort on June 19, and then marched back to Dunkirk, where he could cross the Mattaponi.

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Following the Battle of Trevilian Station, Sheridan's cavalry began to return on June 13 from their unsuccessful raid. They crossed the North Anna at Carpenter's Ford and then headed on the Catharpin Road in the direction of Spotsylvania Court House. On June 16 the column passed through

2231:, the senior Confederate cavalry commander, on the morning of June 8. He correctly guessed that the Union targets were the railroad junctions at Gordonsville and Charlottesville, and knew that he would have to move quickly to block the threat. His division and the division of Maj. Gen. 1746:'s brigade arrived and moved to the right of Davies's men, extending his flank. A Confederate mounted charge, followed by dismounted troopers, was repulsed. Hampton fed in the green troops of the 4th South Carolina on his right and they met Davies's next charge with their longer range 1896: 909:. The Union troops fell a few hundred yards back from the Widow Tapp farm. At 10 a.m., Longstreet's chief engineer reported that he had explored an unfinished railroad bed south of the Plank Road and that it offered easy access to the Union left flank. Longstreet's aide, Lt. Col. 805:

them. Lee, displaying the audacity that characterized his generalship, moved out as Grant desired, but more quickly than Grant anticipated; Union forces had insufficient time to clear the area known as the Wilderness, a tangle of scrub brush and undergrowth in which part of the

554:(May 31 – June 12), in which Grant gambled that Lee's army was exhausted and ordered a massive assault against strong defensive positions, resulting in disproportionately heavy Union casualties. Resorting to maneuver a final time, Grant surprised Lee by stealthily crossing the 4274:, pp. 234, 374–79, Grimsley, pp. 216–17. Many authors writing prior to Rhea's detailed study of casualty lists accept the estimate of 7,000 Union casualties within the first few minutes of the June 3 attack, whereas Rhea estimates 3,500 to 4,000. See the discussion in the 823:

known as Saunders Field. Warren requested a delay from Meade so that Sedgwick's VI Corps could be brought in on his right and extend his line. By 1 p.m., Meade was frustrated by the delay and ordered Warren to attack before Sedgwick could arrive. The brigade of Brig. Gen.

1947:

requests because he still harbored ill feelings from arguments the two generals had had at Spotsylvania, but as Warren's requests became more urgent, Sheridan agreed to screen roads leading to Warren's left flank, assigning the task to his division under Brig. Gen.

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weapon for wide-ranging raids into the rear areas of the enemy. On May 8, Sheridan told Meade that if his command were freed to operate as an independent unit, he could defeat "Jeb" Stuart. Grant was intrigued and convinced Meade of the value of Sheridan's request.

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As Davies's first attack ground to a halt and the attack of Irvin Gregg's brigade failed to dislodge the Confederates, David Gregg sent for reinforcements from Sheridan, who released two brigades from Torbert's division. Torbert's reserve brigade under Brig. Gen.

1839:

As the V corps moved forward slowly, Warren became concerned about the safety of his left flank. He directed Crawford's division to move south along a farm track to Old Church Road, where they erected simple breastworks. Crawford sent forward the brigade of Col.

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in July, after which he was relieved of command, never to receive another assignment. Hancock's II Corps began pushing south from Chesterfield Bridge at about the same time that Ledlie was initially crossing the river, but the combined divisions of Maj. Gens.

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and 28. The Confederate cavalry attempted to position themselves for another attack, but the Union force was too strong and the Southern horsemen were too worn out. Hampton received orders from Robert E. Lee to continue quickly to Petersburg to deal with the

1465:

A significant command change occurred on the evening of May 24. Grant and Meade had had numerous quarrels during the campaign about strategy and tactics and tempers were reaching the boiling point. Grant mollified Meade somewhat by ordering that Maj. Gen.

882:, they were pinned down by fire from a shallow ridge to their front. As each II Corps division arrived, Hancock sent it forward to assist, bringing enough combat power to bear that Lee was forced to commit his reserves, the division commanded by Maj. Gen. 1888:

Pegram's, commanded by Col. Edward Willis. They advanced through a severe crossfire of rifle and cannon fire and were able to close within 50 yards of the Union position before Willis was mortally wounded and the brigade fell back to its starting point.

1572:

of the men would be returned to their former masters and others would be tried by state authorities for inciting insurrection. Wild sent back a written reply that said "We will try it" and told the two officers sent by Lee, "Take the fort if you can."

2240:

remaining on his left to prevent flanking. The other division, under Fitzhugh Lee, was ordered to advance from Louisa Court House, making up the right flank. While the Confederates began their advance, Sheridan started his. Two brigades of Brig. Gen.

917:, struck at 11 a.m. with four brigades. At the same time, Longstreet resumed his main attack, driving Hancock's men back to the Brock Road, but the momentum was lost when Longstreet was wounded by his own men, putting him out of action until October. 2102:, became disordered in swampy ground and could not advance through the heavy Confederate fire. One of Gibbon's men, complaining of a lack of reconnaissance, wrote, "We felt it was murder, not war, or at best a very serious mistake had been made." 1269:

half miles from his objective, but saw that the intermediate defenses in his front swarmed with enemy troops. His left flank was against the swollen Chickahominy, and Confederate cavalry threatened his rear, hoping to capture the Union force.

1824:. Beauregard initially refused Lee's request, citing the potential threat from Butler. Lee was determined despite this disappointment. He wrote to President Davis, "If General Grant advances tomorrow I will engage him with my present force." 539:, Grant did not withdraw his army following this setback but instead maneuvered to the southeast, resuming his attempt to interpose his forces between Lee and Richmond; Lee's army was able to get into position to block this maneuver. At the 1421:'s division in the lead. Grant had begun to fall into Lee's trap. Seeing the ease of crossing the river, he assumed the Confederates were retreating. He wired to Washington: "The enemy have fallen back from North Anna. We are in pursuit." 810:

had been fought the previous year. By forcing a fight here, Lee effectively neutralized the Union's advantage in artillery. He ordered Ewell's Corps to advance on the Orange Turnpike, A.P. Hill's in parallel on the Orange Plank Road, and

5620: 550:, May 23–26). Here, Lee held clever defensive positions that provided an opportunity to defeat portions of Grant's army but illness prevented Lee from attacking in time to trap Grant. The final major battle of the campaign was waged at 2172:

to parry Hunter. By June 12 he followed this by assigning Jubal Early permanent command of the Second Corps and sending them to the Valley as well. And he sent two of his three cavalry divisions in pursuit of Sheridan, leading to the

898:, the vanguard of Longstreet's column. General Lee, caught up in the excitement, began to move forward with the advancing brigade. As the Texans realized this, they halted, refusing to move forward unless Lee remained in the rear. 9045: 2789:

The massive casualties sustained in the campaign were damaging to the Northern war effort. The price of gold almost doubled and Abraham Lincoln's prospects for reelection were put into jeopardy. It was only the later successes at

1395:, and there was a small party guarding the railroad bridge downstream, but all the other river crossings were left undefended. Grant had been presented with a golden opportunity if he moved quickly enough to take advantage of it. 2391:

at Samaria Church, but failed to destroy the Union cavalry or its trains. In August, he was named commander of the Cavalry Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, filling the position that had remained open since the death of

1437:, who was known for excessive drinking of alcohol in the field. Intoxicated and ambitious, Ledlie decided to attack the Confederate position with his brigade alone. Encountering the Confederate earthworks manned by Brig. Gen. 1039:

on May 11, threatened the outskirts of Richmond, refitted near the James River, and did not return to the army until May 24. Grant and Meade were left without cavalry resources during the critical days of the battle to come.

1470:

and his IX Corps would henceforth report to Meade's Army of the Potomac, rather than to Grant directly. Although Burnside was a more senior major general than Meade, he accepted the new subordinate position without protest.

1955:, which was encamped at the Old Church crossroads. He placed his brigade in a good defensible position on the north bank of Matadequin Creek and sent a squadron to a forward position at the Barker farm, south of the creek. 1892:

Early and he ordered his corps to withdraw a short distance to the west. He blamed Anderson for not arriving in time to assist, but the soldiers blamed Ramseur, who had ordered the charge without sufficient reconnaissance.

1646:

on the Pamunkey.) If Grant had decided to move directly south, he would have been forced to cross three rivers, the Little River, the New Found, and the South Anna, minor obstacles that Lee would have to navigate instead.

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withdraw toward Fredericksburg. If this happened, he wanted to follow up with an immediate attack. Concerned about the mobility of his artillery to support the potential attack, he ordered that the guns be withdrawn from

1594:

attacking force. Southerners, unwilling to acknowledge their defeat against a predominantly African-American force, claimed that six gunboats and substantial numbers of white Union soldiers were involved in the action.

2125:

Grant and Meade launched no more attacks on the Confederate defenses at Cold Harbor. Although Grant wired Washington that he had "gained no decisive advantage" and that his "losses were not severe," he wrote in his

5831: 1295:

Sheridan destroyed the Virginia Central Bridge in his wake to prevent further pursuit. After his men had rested, Sheridan brushed aside the remaining Confederate resistance in the area and marched his column to

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of the II Corps moved his division forward at 5 p.m. toward the tip of the Mule Shoe. When his men reached the open field, Confederate artillery ripped them to shreds, and they retreated. At around 6 p.m., Col.

1741:

to Hampton's front, but they were driven back. The Confederates deployed in line in shallow rifle pits faced with log and fence-rail breastworks. Before Hampton could attack the approaching Union cavalry, Col.

2353:

While Sheridan's men were off on their raid, Grant's army had begun moving from Cold Harbor to cross the James River. In conjunction with this move, Grant ordered that his principal supply base be moved from

707:

certainly fall after the loss of its principal defensive army. Grant ordered Meade, "Wherever Lee goes, there you will go also." Although he hoped for a quick, decisive battle, Grant was prepared to fight a

1906:

Of more concern to Lee than Early's failed attack was intelligence he received that reinforcements were heading Grant's way. Just as Hoke's division was leaving Bermuda Hundred, the 16,000 men of Maj. Gen.

5912: 5568: 1424:

The only visible opposition to the Union crossing was at Ox Ford, which Grant interpreted to be a rear guard action, and ordered Burnside's IX Corps to deal with it. Burnside's division under Brig. Gen.

2267:

That night, Fitzhugh Lee maneuvered south to link up with Hampton to the west of Trevilian Station. Sheridan learned that General Hunter was not headed for Charlottesville as originally planned, but to

1502: 2192:

While Lee remained unaware of Grant's intentions, Union army engineers constructed the longest pontoon bridge of the war. It stretched 2,200 feet (670 m) over deep water, crossing the James from

644:, promoted to lieutenant general, and given command of all Union armies. He chose to make his headquarters with the Army of the Potomac, although Meade retained formal command of that army. Maj. Gen. 1490: 3272: 3238: 3226: 3189: 3169: 3136: 3130: 2046:

found a gap in the Confederate line through a swampy, brush-filled ravine. As Truex's men charged through the gap, Clingman swung two regiments around to face them, and Anderson sent in Brig. Gen.

3148:

This Army Corps was under direct orders of Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant until May 24, 1864, when it was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. See: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1,

531:

on May 4, 1864, Grant sought to defeat Lee's army by quickly placing his forces between Lee and Richmond and inviting an open battle. Lee surprised Grant by attacking the larger Union army in the

1568:'s cavalry division was ordered to "break up this nest and stop their uncivilized proceedings." Lee took 2,500 men and one cannon on a 40-mile march from Atlee's Station to reach Wilson's Wharf. 1974:'s reserve brigade was the first to arrive, and fought dismounted with the Confederates into a temporary stalemate. The stalemate was broken by the arrival of the Union brigade under Brig. Gen. 3682:

Kennedy, p. 289. Grimsley, pp. 138, cites 67,000 Union, 51–53,000 Confederate. Jaynes, p. 130, cites Union effectives of 56,124, indicating that Sheridan's cavalry was absent and not included.

2244:'s division moved down the road to Trevilian Station while a third advanced toward Louisa Court House. The first contact occurred on the Trevilian Road as the South Carolinians of Brig. Gen. 2936: 2919: 1280:'s division, to seize the span and the high bluffs beyond. The rest of Sheridan's command had to hold the Confederates at bay while Custer executed his orders. The rearguard of Brig. Gen. 516:. Although Grant suffered severe losses during the campaign, it was a strategic Union victory. It inflicted proportionately higher losses on Lee's army and maneuvered it into a siege at 9820: 1556:

had a frightening reputation among Southerners. His soldiers freed and recruited slaves and in one case whipped a plantation owner who had a reputation for harshness to his slaves. The

2013:'s cavalry division drove the Confederates from the Old Cold Harbor crossroads and began to dig in. As more of Hoke's and Anderson's men streamed in, Union cavalry commander Maj. Gen. 1457:

Although the Union army had done precisely what Lee had hoped it would do, Lee's plan came to naught. The morning of the river crossing, Lee suddenly suffered a debilitating attack of

1433:'s division to cross over at the ford and follow the river's southern bank to Ox Ford and attack the Confederate position from the west. Crittenden's lead brigade was under Brig. Gen. 9815: 3149: 2094:. However, nearby Confederate artillery turned the entrenchments into a death trap for the Federals. Breckinridge's reserves counterattacked these men from the division of Brig. Gen. 1836:

on a flanking march along Old Church Road, turning north at Bethesda Church, and following paths that his cavalry had precut through the underbrush to smash into Warren's rear areas.

5561: 3004: 835:, who was killed. However, since Ayres's men were unable to advance, Bartlett's right flank was now exposed to attack, and his brigade was forced to flee back across the clearing. 8530: 2902: 8849: 8676: 6391: 2868: 9614: 3021: 2970: 2953: 1120:

and subjected to artillery fire so devastating that infantry rifle fire was not necessary to repulse the attack. Wright and Burnside had no better luck in supporting attacks.

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railroad cars and six locomotives of the Virginia Central Railroad, destroyed telegraph wires, and rescued almost 400 Union soldiers who had been captured in the Wilderness.

9276: 2155:

Grant realized he was again in a stalemate with Lee and additional assaults at Cold Harbor were not the answer. He planned three actions to make some headway. First, in the

5554: 9619: 9281: 1272:

Sheridan decided to force a crossing of the river at Meadow Bridge, where the Virginia Central Railroad crossed the river. He assigned the Michigan brigade of Brig. Gen.

543:(May 8–21), Grant repeatedly attacked segments of the Confederate defensive line, hoping for a breakthrough but the only results were again many losses for both sides. 9070: 1958:

Meanwhile, unbeknownst to Sheridan, Lee was concerned about the critical road intersection at Old Cold Harbor, only six miles from Richmond. He dispatched Brig. Gen.

9090: 9085: 9075: 9065: 3079: 2987: 4507:

Hess, Earl, Trench Warfare under Grant and Lee: Field Fortifications in the Overland Campaign, (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007), p. 211.

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battle. Although the casualties of the two battles were similar in absolute numbers, Trevilian Station represented higher percentages of casualties on both sides.

8359: 281: 7814: 7809: 2851: 2760:

Grant was less reckless with his soldiers' lives than his predecessors had been. No single day of Grant's pounding saw the magnitude of Union casualties that

1250:

streamed in retreat past Stuart, he was shot, and he died in Richmond the following day. The fighting kept up for an hour after Stuart was wounded, Maj. Gen.

7819: 2062:

on the right—attacked at 7 p.m. Warren later described this attack as a "feeler", and despite some initial successes, both Confederate probes were repulsed.

1242:. The Confederate troopers tenaciously resisted from the low ridgeline bordering the road to Richmond, fighting for over three hours. A countercharge by the 2259:, Custer led his brigade on a road southwest to Trevilian Station. He found the station totally unguarded, occupied only by Hampton's trains—supply wagons, 976: 9055: 8580: 8469: 8454: 6298: 1618:

As he did after the Wilderness and Spotsylvania, Grant now planned to leave the North Anna in another wide swing around Lee's flank, marching east of the

1462:

execute his plan. Grant identified the situation he faced with a divided army and ordered his men to stop advancing and to build earthworks of their own.

8246: 8166: 6694: 1051:

was inspecting his VI Corps line when he was shot through the head by a Confederate sharpshooter's bullet, dying instantly. He was replaced by Maj. Gen.

443: 2018:

and secure it "at all hazards". Torbert returned at 1 a.m. and was relieved to find that the Confederates had failed to notice his previous withdrawal.

6428: 8274: 6021: 5891: 5816: 5662: 5585: 4378:. Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana (Mississippi State University. Libraries). New York: Literary Classics of the United States. 3064: 3059: 4224:

Jaynes, p. 156; McPherson, p. 735; Furgurson, pp. 120–21; Grimsley, pp. 207–210; Trudeau, pp. 276–77; King, p. 297; Salmon, p. 295; Welcher, p. 989.

6689: 5677: 3516:

pp. 219–21, 225–26; Simpson, pp. 307–308; Kennedy, p. 285; Salmon, p. 275; Cullen, p. 31; Grimsley, pp. 80, 82; Welcher, p. 967; Jaynes, pp. 93–94.

3503:, pp. 142–49, 165–68; Grimsley, pp. 75–80; Welcher, p. 966; Kennedy, p. 285; Salmon, pp. 274–75; Eicher, p. 676; Trudeau, p. 162; Atkinson, p. 265. 3312:

Hattaway & Jones, p. 525; Trudeau, pp. 29–30. Grant gave similar instructions to Sherman in Georgia, targeting the Confederate army under Gen.

801:

on May 4, 1864. Grant's objective was to force an engagement with Lee, outside of his Mine Run fortifications, by either drawing his forces out or

438: 4653: 9033: 8464: 8439: 8241: 8149: 6699: 6433: 2834: 1721:

At 8 a.m. on May 28, Hampton rode off from Atlee's Station. As more of Grant's infantry crossed the pontoon bridge over the Pamunkey, Brig. Gen.

448: 9825: 9201: 8291: 7934: 7323: 7202: 1391:

the east. At the Chesterfield Bridge crossing the Telegraph Road, a small South Carolina brigade under Col. John W. Henagan had created a dirt

4362:

Wittenberg, pp. 157, 172; Welcher, p. 1053; Starr, p. 142; Salmon, p. 299. Kennedy, p. 295, states that Lee joined Hampton at noon on June 12.

2885: 1043:

Over the night of May 8–9, the Confederates erected a series of earthworks more than four miles (6.4 km) long, highlighted by an exposed

9112: 8818: 8176: 7929: 7924: 7350: 5765: 1151: 7182: 6252: 1095:

As Hancock bogged down, Grant sent in reinforcements, ordering both Wright and Warren to move forward. The VI Corps division of Brig. Gen.

391: 4788: 1139: 8956: 8739: 8269: 7318: 7077: 2419:

Estimates vary as to the casualties for the entire campaign. The following table summarizes estimates from a variety of popular sources:

1199: 274: 4548: 3129:

Organization of the forces operating against Richmond, on the morning of May 5, 1864: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1,

9005: 8918: 8833: 8696: 8681: 7112: 6728: 5214: 1655:

to Little River, probing the western end of the Confederate line, while at the same time men from the cavalry divisions of Brig. Gens.

724: 9584: 9511: 9406: 8686: 8449: 8419: 8057: 7986: 6684: 6679: 5713: 5577: 4734: 2276:, effectively blocking any chance for further advance, so he decided to abandon his raid and return to the main army at Cold Harbor. 2004:

The cavalry forces that had fought at Old Church continued to face each other on May 31. Lee sent a cavalry division under Maj. Gen.

1778: 952: 641: 603: 536: 433: 428: 9752: 5541: 4799: 9609: 9499: 9484: 9231: 9221: 8600: 8535: 7237: 7212: 6448: 6423: 6373: 6353: 4851: 9651: 9426: 9028: 8937: 8803: 8778: 8494: 8191: 8087: 7939: 7272: 7152: 6363: 3074: 1514: 384: 7162: 1308:

force, ending his raid. After resupplying with Butler, Sheridan's men returned to join Grant at Chesterfield Station on May 24.

9226: 9023: 8744: 8489: 7232: 7227: 6902: 2350:

on June 18. Hampton's Confederate cavalry left Trevilian Station and followed Sheridan on roughly parallel roads to the south.

1105: 1047:

known as the "Mule Shoe" extending more than a mile (1.6 km) in front of the main trench line. At about 9 a.m., Maj. Gen.

267: 7072: 4300:

McPherson, p. 737; Trudeau, pp. 305–306; Eicher, pp. 686–87; Salmon, pp. 258–59; Grimsley, p. 223; Esposito, text for map 136.

9604: 9529: 8316: 7308: 7303: 7167: 7067: 6318: 5683: 5501: 5471: 5456: 5426: 5354: 5324: 5090: 5041: 5026: 4942: 655:

devised a coordinated strategy that would strike at the heart of the Confederacy from multiple directions: Grant, Meade, and

6210: 1175: 9389: 9248: 9140: 8575: 8279: 8251: 7490: 7298: 7267: 7197: 7057: 6631: 2347: 1187: 964: 1312:

Grant of the cavalry resources that would have been helpful at Spotsylvania Court House and his subsequent advance to the

873:

A.P. Hill's approach on the Plank Road that afternoon was detected, and Meade ordered the VI Corps division of Brig. Gen.

9494: 9479: 9367: 9359: 9216: 8565: 8555: 8206: 7914: 7277: 7242: 7137: 6715: 5594: 1675:

On May 27, Union cavalry established a bridgehead over Dabney's Ford on the south side of the Pamunkey River. Brig. Gen.

1246:

pushed the advancing Union troopers back from the hilltop as Stuart, mounted on horseback, shouted encouragement. As the

732: 7192: 2403:

Grant's crossing of the James altered his original strategy of attempting to drive directly on Richmond, and led to the

1479:: "Lee's army is really whipped. ... I may be mistaken but I feel that our success over Lee's army is already assured." 9050: 8716: 8706: 8691: 8459: 8284: 7313: 7262: 7207: 7172: 7157: 7147: 7132: 7107: 7062: 7047: 6982: 6859: 6308: 5952: 5837: 5635: 4581: 2773: 2768:, and no three consecutive days of Grant's warring proved as costly to the Union in blood as did Meade's three days at 1132: 1005: 615: 540: 517: 481: 315: 9542: 1590:. Lee ordered his men to withdraw to Charles City Court House and the next morning they rode back to Atlee's Station. 9589: 9572: 9135: 8828: 8711: 8701: 8429: 8025: 7919: 7796: 7293: 7257: 7177: 7117: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7042: 6473: 6465: 6343: 6287: 5918: 5906: 5518: 5486: 5441: 5411: 5386: 5369: 5339: 5309: 5294: 5276: 5261: 5244: 5179: 5142: 5075: 5060: 5007: 4989: 4972: 4957: 4927: 4912: 4890: 4875: 4860: 4841: 4826: 4776: 4761: 4746: 4722: 4707: 4692: 4677: 4634: 4617: 4599: 4566: 3205: 2090:

able to break through a portion of Breckinridge's front line and drive those defenders out of their entrenchments in

1044: 558:, threatening to capture the city of Petersburg, the loss of which would doom the Confederate capital. The resulting 17: 4785:

Staff Ride Handbook for the Overland Campaign, Virginia, 4 May to 15 June 1864: A Study on Operational-Level Command

4193:, p. 241; Jaynes, p. 152; Furgurson, pp. 89–94, 99; Grimsley, pp. 201–206; Welcher, pp. 986–88; Trudeau, pp. 266–69. 1750:, killing or wounding 256 men. Union return fire was heavy as well, because the troopers were armed with seven-shot 703:. This was the first time the Union armies would have a coordinated offensive strategy across a number of theaters. 9519: 9448: 8996: 7222: 7187: 7127: 7082: 6245: 6089: 5707: 4414:

was the largest, but of the 20,500 men engaged there, 3,000 were infantry, so it can be categorized as the largest

3188:

Army of the James (in the field), on the morning of May 5, 1864: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1,

3084: 3069: 2320: 2241: 1948: 365: 2236:

Federals had crossed over the North Anna River at Carpenters Ford and camped at locations around Clayton's Store.

1812:

As Lee's army stood in entrenchments behind Totopotomoy Creek, they were short on men. Lee requested that General

1508:

Actions on May 24: Ledlie attacks Ox Ford, Hancock attempts to advance against the eastern leg of the inverted "V"

940: 9636: 9624: 9100: 9095: 9080: 8788: 8773: 8655: 8615: 8514: 8499: 8484: 8479: 8311: 8216: 7247: 7142: 7102: 6823: 6659: 5347:

No Turning Back: A Guide to the 1864 Overland Campaign, from the Wilderness to Cold Harbor, May 4 – June 13, 1864

562:(June 1864 – April 1865) led to the eventual surrender of Lee's army in April 1865 and the end of the Civil War. 2819: 2255:

After a brief clash on the Confederate right flank between Fitzhugh Lee and the advancing brigade of Brig. Gen.

1163: 9372: 9015: 8940: 8911: 8813: 8132: 7896: 7252: 7217: 7122: 6828: 6358: 6137: 4383: 854:, tearing through the line and forcing the Iron Brigade to flee. Near the Higgerson farm, the brigades of Col. 649: 4349:

Wittenberg, pp. 97–102, 105–117, 124–25; Starr, pp. 137–41; Welcher, pp. 1052–53; Davis, pp. 23–25; Longacre,

3713:

Eicher, p. 683; Welcher, pp. 977–78; Grimsley, pp. 134–35; Esposito, text for map 134; Trudeau, p. 218; Rhea,

9722: 9186: 8171: 8092: 7909: 7375: 6833: 6641: 6189: 6184: 6148: 6036: 5770: 2355: 728: 496: 149: 144: 3164:

June 2–15, 1864: temporarily attached to the Army of the Potomac from the Army of the James (and engaged at

1982:

prevail. The door was open for Sheridan's capture of the important Old Cold Harbor crossroads the next day.

8444: 8186: 7976: 7951: 7663: 6738: 6443: 6383: 6059: 6007: 5982: 5930: 5843: 4605: 2197: 1817: 1687:. Custer's men fought a brisk engagement north of Salem Church against Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. 1549: 1537: 1305: 720: 656: 9453: 9120: 8875: 8623: 8374: 8211: 8201: 8196: 8154: 7578: 6877: 6328: 6238: 6084: 5997: 5972: 5967: 5531: 4485:

Welsh, pp. 102, 118; Welcher, p. 994; Eicher, p. 687; Hattaway and Jones, pp. 588–91; Salmon, pp. 395–96.

3577:, pp. 156–57; Kennedy, pp. 285–86; Salmon, pp. 255–59, 278–79; Grimsley, pp. 131–33; Welcher, pp. 973–74. 2284: 2213: 2174: 1791: 1531: 988: 925:

darkness and the dense foliage took their toll as the Union flank received reinforcements and recovered.

586: 360: 345: 335: 3386:

Eicher, pp. 664–67; Esposito, text to map 122; Grimsley, pp. 35, 39–41; Welcher, pp. 942, 945–47; Rhea,

1699:

to make a reconnaissance in force, break through the Union cavalry screen, and find the Union infantry.

1496:

Actions on May 23: Hancock attacks "Henagan's Redoubt", A.P. Hill attempts to repulse Warren's beachhead

9810: 9325: 9176: 8766: 8354: 8181: 8064: 8042: 7971: 7886: 6947: 6748: 6626: 6608: 6079: 5992: 5924: 5872: 5855: 5755: 5701: 5695: 5611: 5535: 4664: 4275: 3551:, pp. 293, 311–12; Kennedy, p. 285; Salmon, pp. 277–78; Cullen, p. 32; Eicher, p. 678; Welcher, p. 970. 3525:

Kennedy, p. 285; Jaynes, p. 94; Jaynes, pp. 98–100; Salmon, p. 276; Cullen, p. 32; Grimsley, pp. 84–85.

2303: 2291: 1816:

send him reinforcements from his 12,000-man army, sitting relatively idle as they bottled up Maj. Gen.

920:

At the Turnpike, inconclusive fighting continued for most of the day. Early in the morning, Brig. Gen.

807: 310: 136: 2050:'s brigade from his corps reserve. Truex became surrounded on three sides and was forced to withdraw. 1371:'s division (about 6,000 men) from the James River defenses and two brigades (2,500 men) of Maj. Gen. 9788: 9594: 9537: 9296: 9236: 9156: 8904: 8885: 8798: 8754: 8560: 8342: 8144: 8117: 8097: 7998: 7804: 7709: 7007: 6922: 6838: 6488: 6413: 6157: 5849: 5792: 5775: 5760: 5605: 4327:

Wittenberg, pp. 37–47, 50–56, 170; Salmon, p. 298; Welcher, p. 1052; Starr, pp. 133–36; Davis, p. 21.

3135:

Organization of Army of the Potomac, May 31, 1864: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1,

3112: 3051: 2165: 2113:

Cold Harbor, Virginia. African Americans collecting bones of soldiers killed in the battle. Photo by

1853: 1849:

objectives and descended into confusion. Warren began shifting his corps to face south toward Early.

1335: 578: 513: 206: 4171:

Furgurson, pp. 81–82; Trudeau, pp. 262–63; King, p. 296; Kennedy, pp. 291–93; Grimsley, pp. 196–201.

4098:

Grimsley, pp. 154–55, 159–60; Kennedy, p. 291; Jaynes, p. 150; Trudeau, pp. 259–60; Welcher, p. 984.

737:

Despite Grant's superior numbers, he had manpower challenges. Following their severe beating at the

9438: 9340: 8761: 8645: 8570: 8545: 8540: 8504: 8424: 8122: 8107: 7688: 6972: 6937: 6872: 6813: 6808: 6538: 5947: 5802: 5648: 4411: 4410:, p. 303; Davis, p. 25; Welcher, p. 1053; Salmon, p. 300. Historians sometimes claim that the 1863 2795: 1963: 1912: 1821: 1774: 1683:

scattered the mounted Confederate pickets guarding the ford and an engineer regiment constructed a

1643: 1631: 1541: 1297: 1085: 933: 772: 696: 645: 532: 305: 194: 3782:, pp. 333–50; Salmon, pp. 285–86; Grimsley, p. 143; Trudeau, pp. 239–40; Welcher, pp. 855, 980–81. 2776:

and the North Anna River come to mind—he improvised solutions that turned bad situations his way.

850:. Although initially pushed back, the Confederates counterattacked with the brigade of Brig. Gen. 9660: 9308: 9291: 8961: 8749: 8369: 8337: 8332: 8030: 8003: 7395: 6892: 6882: 6654: 6649: 6503: 5730: 5229: 2339: 1872: 1751: 1708: 1263: 1216: 1036: 574: 503: 340: 325: 320: 1773:

The Battle of Haw's Shop lasted for over seven hours and was the bloodiest cavalry battle since

1622:

to screen his movements from the Confederates. He ordered (on May 22) that his supply depots at

9629: 9313: 9243: 8734: 8434: 8008: 7598: 7435: 7410: 6942: 6843: 6758: 6498: 6407: 6069: 5987: 5785: 5735: 4783: 1920: 1884: 1860: 1545: 1301: 1062:

and attack the Confederates' left flank, driving them back toward Burnside's position near the

816: 746: 555: 4729: 4375:

Memoirs and selected letters : personal memoirs of U.S. Grant; Selected letters 1839–1865

4250:, pp. 353, 356; Grimsley, pp. 214–16; Trudeau, pp. 286, 290–91; Welcher, p. 992; King, p. 305. 4237:, pp. 360–61; Grimsley, pp. 211–12; Salmon, p. 296; Trudeau, pp. 284–86, 289–90; King, p. 304. 3217:"Present for duty" (April 30, 1864): Army of the Potomac: 102,869; IX Army Corps: 21,363. See 9684: 9443: 9211: 9161: 8650: 8550: 8364: 8013: 7966: 7876: 7844: 7551: 7541: 6987: 6977: 6962: 6912: 6867: 6523: 6508: 6401: 6064: 6002: 5962: 5740: 5643: 4545: 3165: 2325: 1991: 1924: 1845: 1738: 1726: 1656: 1623: 1346: 1339: 551: 355: 189: 5546: 1725:

led his cavalry division probing west from Hanovertown, searching for Lee, while Brig. Gen.

1417:

On the morning of May 24, Hancock's II Corps crossed the Chesterfield Bridge with Maj. Gen.

9734: 9716: 9710: 9692: 9560: 9552: 9547: 9166: 8976: 8808: 8660: 8633: 8102: 7881: 7864: 7521: 7017: 7002: 6997: 6967: 6952: 6932: 6550: 6454: 6338: 6074: 5977: 5957: 5877: 5233:

Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander

3564:, pp. 31–33, 65–94, 127–31, 131–53; Jaynes, p. 125; Cullen, pp. 33–35; Welcher, pp. 971–73. 2791: 2769: 2363: 2273: 2260: 1941: 1908: 1900: 1747: 1635: 1483: 1442: 1430: 1372: 1325: 1313: 1247: 1243: 742: 738: 672: 547: 521: 350: 330: 5121: 4107: 1763:

between Sheridan's memoirs and historians about whether he asked for such reinforcements.

8: 9774: 9746: 9599: 9565: 9171: 8991: 8986: 8793: 8585: 8474: 8348: 7993: 7946: 7693: 7653: 7638: 7531: 7380: 7052: 7012: 6887: 6848: 6818: 6773: 6733: 6333: 6323: 6127: 6042: 5750: 5479:

Lee's Miserables: Life in the Army of Northern Virginia from the Wilderness to Appomattox

5148: 5106:

Grant's Campaigns of 1864 and 1865: The Wilderness and Cold Harbor (May 3 – June 3, 1864)

4796: 3364:, pp. 101–103, 130, 140–56; Grimsley, pp. 35–36; Welcher, pp. 942–44; Eicher, pp. 664–65. 2761: 2404: 2330: 2269: 2201: 2169: 2091: 1841: 1734: 1576: 855: 559: 492: 184: 5189: 5151: 5104: 4340:, pp. 299–300; Starr, pp. 136–38; Davis, p. 22; Wittenberg, pp. 76–87; Welcher, p. 1052. 2139: 1429:

marched downriver to Quarles Mill and seized the ford there. Burnside ordered Maj. Gen.

9668: 9416: 9264: 9181: 9060: 8971: 8639: 8509: 8035: 8020: 7901: 7859: 7831: 7668: 7633: 7480: 7440: 6957: 6927: 6917: 6793: 6788: 6768: 6763: 6743: 6493: 6396: 6313: 6261: 5797: 5780: 5745: 5689: 5206: 5153:

The Virginia Campaign of '64 and '65: The Army of The Potomac and the Army of The James

4847: 4591: 4373: 3313: 2765: 2380: 2193: 2039: 1777:

in 1863. It was an unusual battle in comparison to previous cavalry engagements in the

1639: 1606:

Movements in the Overland Campaign, May 27–29, 1864, following the Battle of North Anna

1557: 1426: 1101: 828: 688: 676: 660: 609: 477: 410: 39: 7613: 2379:

against railroads south of the city. His men crossed the James on a pontoon bridge at

2218: 2042:'s brigade and fell back to its starting point. To Upton's right, the brigade of Col. 535:(May 5–7), resulting in many casualties on both sides. Unlike his predecessors in the 9421: 8881: 8137: 7739: 7673: 7608: 7511: 7430: 7390: 6992: 6753: 6368: 6215: 6205: 6122: 5514: 5497: 5482: 5467: 5452: 5437: 5422: 5407: 5392: 5382: 5365: 5350: 5335: 5320: 5305: 5290: 5272: 5257: 5240: 5236: 5195: 5175: 5157: 5138: 5110: 5086: 5071: 5056: 5037: 5022: 5003: 4995: 4985: 4978: 4968: 4953: 4938: 4923: 4920:

The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864

4908: 4886: 4871: 4856: 4837: 4822: 4807: 4772: 4757: 4742: 4718: 4703: 4688: 4673: 4645: 4630: 4613: 4595: 4577: 4562: 4389: 4379: 2376: 2245: 2156: 2095: 1959: 1916: 1813: 1730: 1407: 1376: 1368: 1052: 906: 708: 668: 376: 198: 3795:, pp. 344–46, 351–52; Trudeau, p. 239; Grimsley, p. 145; Esposito, text for map 135. 1560:

newspapers denounced these activities and put intense pressure on the government of

886:. Fierce fighting continued until nightfall with neither side gaining an advantage. 9698: 9641: 9411: 9345: 9318: 9303: 8966: 8927: 7749: 7618: 7588: 7583: 7516: 7455: 7450: 7405: 6907: 6897: 6803: 6783: 6778: 6528: 6518: 6478: 6132: 5167: 5129: 2799: 2408: 2272:. He also received intelligence that Breckinridge's infantry had been sighted near 2256: 2228: 2186: 2075: 2043: 2010: 1975: 1767: 1722: 1696: 1680: 1676: 1660: 1476: 1467: 1403: 1367:

received sizable reinforcements, including three of the four brigades in Maj. Gen.

1281: 1273: 1125: 902: 891: 883: 847: 812: 802: 751: 582: 484: 161: 52: 4819:

Lee's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia

1350:

The Overland Campaign from the Wilderness to the North Anna River, May 5–26, 1864

1225:

Sheridan's Richmond Raid, including the Battles of Yellow Tavern and Meadow Bridge

1010: 620: 9578: 9460: 9431: 9191: 8823: 8112: 7961: 7854: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7714: 7683: 7593: 7536: 7526: 7485: 6513: 6483: 6303: 5375: 4803: 4792: 4738: 4623: 4552: 2343: 2182: 2055: 2014: 1833: 1652: 1584: 1561: 1536:

One of a series of protective outposts guarding supply lines for Union Maj. Gen.

1451: 1434: 1399: 1285: 1239: 1096: 1063: 1059: 874: 863: 843: 827:

had to take cover in a gully to avoid enfilading fire. The brigade of Brig. Gen.

824: 700: 652: 566: 499: 165: 5068:

Glory Enough For All: Sheridan's Second Raid and the Battle of Trevilian Station

4855:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 4834:

Lincoln's Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac

1651:

disguise his intentions. On May 26, he sent a cavalry division under Brig. Gen.

1544:

was a fort at Wilson's Wharf, at a strategic bend in the James River in eastern

9767: 9125: 7891: 7839: 7678: 7643: 7603: 7495: 7475: 7470: 7425: 6704: 6545: 6533: 5507: 4652:. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the 4259: 3464:

Kennedy, pp. 286–87; Eicher, pp. 673–74; Grimsley, pp. 64, 68; Welcher, p. 962.

2359: 2249: 2222:

Routes of Federal and Confederate cavalry to Trevilian Station, June 7–10, 1864

2071: 2059: 1971: 1759: 1743: 1684: 1619: 1610: 1553: 1438: 1277: 921: 914: 851: 423: 4870:. Fort Washington, PA: U.S. National Park Service and Eastern National, 2001. 1796: 1602: 9804: 9740: 9330: 8159: 7759: 7754: 7744: 7719: 7628: 7623: 7465: 7460: 7445: 7415: 7385: 6723: 6348: 6112: 5449:

A Season of Slaughter: The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, May 8–21, 1864

5185: 3743:, pp. 300–316, 326; Salmon, p. 285; Welcher, pp. 979–80; Trudeau, pp. 228–35. 2392: 1804: 1627: 1580: 1221: 1048: 910: 895: 867: 859: 832: 798: 692: 570: 528: 509: 506: 170: 132: 127: 56: 5436:. Edited by George R. Agassiz. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994. 5317:

Hurricane from the Heavens: The Battle of Cold Harbor, May 26 – June 5, 1864

4393: 1614:

Movement to Totopotomoy, May 25–28, 1864, following the Battle of North Anna

831:

made better progress to Ayres's left and overran the position of Brig. Gen.

565:

The campaign included two long-range raids by Union cavalry under Maj. Gen.

9728: 8628: 8605: 8595: 8590: 8127: 8069: 7981: 7956: 7869: 7849: 7648: 7546: 5282: 4659: 3235:, commanded by Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, U.S. Army, for April 30, 1864 2232: 2160: 2109: 2005: 1996: 1952: 1688: 1565: 1251: 1071: 839: 781:

Start of the Overland Campaign, May 4, 1864: Movement into the Wilderness.

684: 3269:

General summary from the Rapidan to the James River, May 5 – June 24, 1864

2147: 878:

Getty's assistance. As the Union men approached the position of Maj. Gen.

9704: 9269: 7400: 6438: 6418: 4811: 3477:, pp. 89–91, 93–95; Welcher, pp. 963–64; Salmon, p. 272; Grimsley, p. 70. 2114: 2099: 2047: 2035: 1669: 1447: 1418: 1330: 1076: 777: 664: 5132: 5114: 4649: 2098:

and drove them off. Hancock's other advanced division, under Brig. Gen.

982:

11 a.m., May 6. Longstreet attacks Hancock's flank from the railroad bed

9335: 8783: 7658: 7420: 6621: 6616: 5199: 5161: 4741:. Washington, DC: United States Army Center of Military History, 2014. 3416:, pp. 302–313, 351–66, 369–74; Welcher, pp. 952–54; Eicher, pp. 669–70. 879: 488: 5451:. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2013. 5349:. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2014. 5319:. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2014. 4559:

A Victor, Not a Butcher: Ulysses S. Grant's Overlooked Military Genius

3817:

Cullen, p. 42; Esposito, text for map 135; Trudeau, pp. 241–44; Rhea,

3377:, pp. 138–39, 157–69, 176–81; Welcher, pp. 943–44; Eicher, pp. 665–66. 1642:. (Six days later the supply base was moved again, from Port Royal to 9286: 8047: 6230: 5332:

Lee's Last Campaign: The Story of Lee and His Men Against Grant, 1864

5250: 4935:

In the Footsteps of Grant and Lee: The Wilderness Through Cold Harbor

1070:

could get his troops reformed. Not informed of the delay, Brig. Gen.

569:. In a raid toward Richmond, Confederate cavalry commander Maj. Gen. 4436:

Welcher, p. 1053; Salmon, p. 408; Wittenberg, p. 236; Starr, p. 147.

3981:, pp. 81–82, 88. Grimsley, p. 152, accepts Sheridan's claim as fact. 3538:, pp. 244–46, 282–90, 295–303; Grimsley, pp. 87–88; Welcher, p. 969. 2945:

Movement from Spotsylvania to the North Anna: Evening 22–23 May 1864

2928:

Movement from Spotsylvania to the North Anna: Evening 21–22 May 1864

1800:

Movements in the Overland Campaign, May 29, and actions May 30, 1864

1729:'s division began to picket along Crump's Creek in the direction of 648:

succeeded Grant in command of most of the western armies. Grant and

259: 9038: 8896: 8052: 4291:

Furgurson, pp. 181–82; Grimsley, p. 220; Trudeau, pp. 298, 304–306.

3342:

Hattaway and Jones, pp. 527–28; Salmon, p. 252; Eicher, pp. 660–61.

2081: 2025: 1458: 755: 624:

Overland Campaign, from the Wilderness to crossing the James River

473: 97: 3223:, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, U.S. Army commanding, April 30, 1864 3102:

Gordon Rhea, Onto Petersburg, (Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2017), 334.

4806:). Fort Leavenworth, Kan.: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2006. 3438:

Kennedy, p. 283; Eicher, pp. 671–79; Simpson, pp. 300–301; Rhea,

3317: 1664:

general would be moving west for the first time in the campaign.

1392: 680: 5172:

From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America

5034:

Bloody Roads South: The Wilderness to Cold Harbor, May–June 1864

2811: 1970:

Torbert ordered the rest of his division to move up. Brig. Gen.

1785: 27:

1864 series of battles in Virginia during the American Civil War

8850:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

5909:(May–Oct): Lynchburg, Early's B&O raid, Sheridan's campaign 1895: 1713: 1117: 3947:

Salmon, p. 288; Furgurson, p. 47; Grimsley, pp. 149–51; Rhea,

3756:, 320–25; Salmon, 285; Kennedy, p. 289; Trudeau, pp. 236, 241. 3486:

Cullen, p. 31; Eicher, p. 675; Grimsley, pp. 72–73, 75; Rhea,

3168:

only). See: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1,

47: 5576: 5219:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. 4445:

Salmon, p. 408–10; Wittenberg, pp. 241–42; Starr, pp. 148–49.

3968:, pp. 68–70; Salmon, p. 288; Grimsley, p. 151; Starr, p. 118. 3013:

Movement from Cold Harbor to the James River: 12–14 June 1864

1338:

on May 21, 1864. Grant has his back to the smaller tree with

546:

Grant maneuvered again, meeting Lee at the North Anna River (

6572: 4180:

Kennedy, pp. 291–93; Grimsley, pp. 202–203; Trudeau, p. 265.

4033:

Trudeau, pp. 252–53; Salmon, p. 290; Welcher, p. 983; Rhea,

3691:

Welcher, p. 979; Esposito, text for map 135; Jaynes, p. 130.

3455:, pp. 45–53, 71–74, 86; Welcher, pp. 960–61; Salmon, p. 271. 59:, respectively, opposing commanders in the Overland Campaign 5397:

Cold Harbor to the Crater: The End of the Overland Campaign

5019:

The War in the East from Gettysburg to Appomattox 1863–1865

4782:

King, Curtis S., William G. Robertson, and Steven E. Clay.

1548:, overlooked by high bluffs. Its garrison of predominantly 901:

Longstreet counterattacked with the divisions of Maj. Gen.

9821:

Campaigns of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War

5083:

Lee's Army during the Overland Campaign: A Numerical Study

2877:

Movement from the Wilderness to Spotsylvania: 7–8 May 1864

1951:, who delegated the responsibility to the brigade of Col. 797:

The Overland Campaign began as Grant's forces crossed the

9816:

Military operations of the American Civil War in Virginia

5481:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. 5466:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988. 5406:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997. 5345:

Dunkerly, Robert M., Donald C. Pfanz, and David R. Ruth.

5239:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989. 3938:, pp. 41–44, 50–57; Welcher, p. 982; Ferguson, pp. 46–47. 3921:

Salmon, p. 288; Furgurson, p. 47; Welcher, p. 982; Rhea,

3080:

Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps

3030:

Union II and XVIII Corps move on Petersburg: 15 June 1864

2911:

Movement from Spotsylvania to the North Anna: 21 May 1864

846:, struck a brigade of Alabamians commanded by Brig. Gen. 725:

Battle of Spotsylvania Court House § Opposing forces

5109:. The Pall Mall military series. London: H. Rees, 1908. 4700:

And Keep Moving On: The Virginia Campaign, May–June 1864

4215:

Kennedy, p. 293; Grimsley, pp. 207–208; Welcher, p. 989.

3202:

Field return of the Army of the Potomac for June 1, 1864

2979:

Movement from the North Anna to Cold Harbor: 28 May 1864

2962:

Movement from the North Anna to Cold Harbor: 27 May 1864

2000:

Positions of the armies on the afternoon of June 1, 1864

5496:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2017. 5434:

With Grant and Meade: From the Wilderness to Appomattox

5271:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004. 5085:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013. 5021:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981. 4952:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000. 4950:

To the North Anna River: Grant and Lee, May 13–25, 1864

4937:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007. 4922:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. 4907:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994. 4885:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002. 1935: 5269:

Audacity Personified: The Generalship of Robert E. Lee

4715:

How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War

4627:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

3412:

Salmon, pp. 268–69; Esposito, text for map 124; Rhea,

999: 406: 5256:. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2006. 5182:. First published in 1896 by J. B. Lippincott and Co. 5137:. 2 vols. Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86. 5049:

The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations

4752:

Jaynes, Gregory, and the Editors of Time-Life Books.

958:

5 a.m., May 6. Hancock attacks Hill on the Plank Road

589:(June 11–12), the largest cavalry battle of the war. 4406:

Kennedy, p. 295; Wittenberg, pp. 183–209; Longacre,

3271:: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, 3041: 2038:'s brigade also met with heavy fire from Brig. Gen. 1520:

Stalemate: Union and Confederate positions May 25–26

1108:'s brigade moved forward and hit them in the flank. 4982:

Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822–1865

3237:(Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, 3225:(Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, 3204:(Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, 2996:

Movement to Cold Harbor - Union Probes: 29 May 1864

1342:

to his left, while Meade is seated at the far left.

5464:If It Takes All Summer: The Battle of Spotsylvania 5126:(Vol. III). New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1881. 3490:, pp. 103–14, 131–32, 135–42; Welcher, pp. 963–65. 2134: 1597: 1157:Positions and movements on the Union flanks, May 9 733:Battle of Trevilian Station § Opposing forces 5254:Fields of Honor: Pivotal Battles of the Civil War 4965:The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide 4883:Cold Harbor: Grant and Lee, May 26 – June 3, 1864 4162:Kennedy, p. 291; Salmon, p. 294; Welcher, p. 984. 4072:Trudeau, pp. 256–57; Furgurson, pp. 67–69; Rhea, 3899:, p. 22; Welcher, pp. 981, 986; Furgurson, p. 43. 3739:Kennedy, pp. 287–89; Grimsley, pp. 139–40; Rhea, 3429:, pp. 404–20; Eicher, pp. 670–71; Salmon, p. 270. 3065:List of costliest American Civil War land battles 3060:Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1864 2207: 1985: 1919:at Grant's request and they were moving down the 766: 476:during May and June 1864, towards the end of the 9802: 8536:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 5494:On to Petersburg: Grant and Lee, June 4–15, 1864 5304:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company, 1953. 4059:Welcher, pp. 983–84; Trudeau, pp. 253–56; Rhea, 2860:Movement to Battle in the Wilderness: 5 May 1864 2314: 1398:Hancock's men, led by the division of Maj. Gen. 581:to the west, Sheridan was thwarted by Maj. Gen. 5362:Grant and Lee: The Virginia Campaigns 1864–1865 5055:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989. 4702:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. 4586:Cullen, Joseph P. "Battle of Spotsylvania." In 1145:Movements on May 7, 1864; cavalry actions inset 913:, and the senior brigade commander, Brig. Gen. 8360:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 5097: 4771:. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 4717:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983. 4110:; Trudeau, p. 262; Salmon, p. 292, 294; Rhea, 1695:Richmond. Lee ordered cavalry under Maj. Gen. 1205:Movements, May 17, final Union attacks, May 18 577:(May 11). In a raid attempting to destroy the 8912: 6246: 5562: 5511:The Sword of Lincoln: The Army of the Potomac 5399:(U of North Carolina Press, 2015) xx, 336 pp. 4754:The Killing Ground: Wilderness to Cold Harbor 4020:Grimsley, pp. 153–54; Trudeau, p. 251; Rhea, 3451:Jaynes, pp. 86–87; Eicher, pp. 672–73; Rhea, 3283: 3281: 2812:Gallery: Overland Campaign (Operational maps) 1786:Totopotomoy Creek/Bethesda Church (May 28–30) 392: 275: 5419:General Lee's Army: From Victory to Collapse 5315:Davis, Daniel T., and Phillip S. Greenwalt. 4967:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. 4836:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2000. 4821:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002. 3804:Welcher, p. 981; Trudeau, pp. 240–41; Rhea, 3660:, pp. 59–60; Eicher, p. 674; Salmon, p. 283. 2424:Casualty Estimates for the Overland Campaign 729:Battle of Cold Harbor § Opposing forces 691:to operate against railroad supply lines in 88:(1 month, 2 weeks and 6 days) 5447:Mackowski, Chris, and Kristopher D. White. 5342:. First published in 1960 by Little, Brown. 4900:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Press, 2017. 3399:Grimsley, pp. 47–49; Salmon, p. 268; Rhea, 2806: 2342:and, traveling along the north bank of the 1238:firepower—all were armed with rapid-firing 970:6–10 a.m., May 6. Longstreet counterattacks 721:Battle of Wilderness § Opposing forces 640:In March 1864, Grant was summoned from the 8919: 8905: 6253: 6239: 5569: 5555: 4905:The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864 4610:Death in the Trenches: Grant at Petersburg 4574:The Battle of Petersburg, June 15–18, 1864 3278: 2204:), with attacks on Petersburg on June 15. 2151:Crossing the James River, 12–16 June 1864. 1766:Torbert's other brigade, under Brig. Gen. 1525: 399: 385: 282: 268: 5578:Eastern theater of the American Civil War 5542:Animated history of the Overland Campaign 5289:. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1968. 5070:. Washington, DC: Brassey's, Inc., 2001. 5036:. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1989. 4756:. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1986. 4612:. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1986. 4546:National Park Service battle descriptions 4427:Welcher, p. 1053; Wittenberg, pp. 215–29. 3704:, pp. 157–59, 225–27; Jaynes, pp. 130–31. 2894:Movements to Yellow Tavern: 8–11 May 1864 2843:Movements into the Wilderness: 4 May 1864 1808:Battle of Totopotomoy Creek, May 30, 1864 1319: 1257: 1210: 604:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War 9232:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act 9222:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 6449:Treatment of slaves in the United States 5513:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005. 5002:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 4852:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era 4644:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. 4629:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 4594:. Connecticut: Grey Castle Press, 1989. 4588:Battle Chronicles of the Civil War: 1864 4046:Furgurson, p. 61; Jaynes, p. 149; Rhea, 4007:Jaynes, p. 149; Furgurson, p. 52; Rhea, 3830:Jaynes, p. 137; Grimsley, p. 148; Rhea, 3219:Abstract from tri-monthly return of the 2324: 2217: 2146: 2138: 2108: 2080: 2024: 1995: 1894: 1803: 1795: 1712: 1609: 1601: 1345: 1329: 1220: 1009: 776: 619: 8192:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 6364:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 5334:. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2011. 3908:Welcher, 982; Starr, pp. 116–17; Rhea, 3075:Commemoration of the American Civil War 1014:Attacks on the Laurel Hill line, May 8 946:Actions in the Wilderness, May 5, 1864. 14: 9803: 8177:Modern display of the Confederate flag 6260: 5156:. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1883. 4608:, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. 4602:. First published in 1989 by McMillan. 3390:, pp. 127–29, 133–36, 187–89, 191–229. 3294:for widely varying casualty estimates. 1702: 1564:to put a stop to Wild's depredations. 1454:could not break the Confederate line. 1104:'s division was stopped as Brig. Gen. 9826:Battles commanded by Ulysses S. Grant 8900: 8395: 7784: 7348: 6571: 6374:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 6272: 6234: 5550: 4371: 3250:118,700: according to Eicher, p. 660. 2143:Pontoon bridge across the James River 2054:divisions of Early's Corps—Maj. Gen. 1583:, and naval gunfire from the gunboat 597: 380: 289: 263: 9390:Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant 9141:Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo 8926: 5123:Military History of Ulysses S. Grant 4984:. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000. 4713:Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones. 4685:Not War but Murder: Cold Harbor 1864 4576:. Lincoln, NE: Potomac Books, 2015. 4318:Welcher, pp. 998–99; Salmon, p. 396. 4206:, pp. 256–59; Grimsley, pp. 208–209. 3259:64,000: according to Eicher, p. 660. 1936:Old Church/Matadequin Creek (May 30) 862:attacked the brigades of Brig. Gen. 491:armies, directed the actions of the 472:, was a series of battles fought in 218:103,875–124,232 ("present for duty") 8531:Committee on the Conduct of the War 8207:United Daughters of the Confederacy 5379:The Generalship of Ulysses S. Grant 5217:of the Union and Confederate Armies 4687:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. 3769:, pp. 326, 331–32; Trudeau, p. 237. 3752:Welcher, 980; Grimsley, 141; Rhea, 3608:Salmon, pp. 282–83; Eicher, p. 674. 3403:, pp. 283–302; Welcher, pp. 947–52. 3351:Salmon, p. 252; Eicher, pp. 662–64. 2248:'s brigade clashed with Brig. Gen. 1058:Grant ordered Hancock to cross the 1000:Spotsylvania Court House (May 8–21) 24: 8601:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 8396: 7940:impeachment managers investigation 6319:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 5223: 5015:The Union Cavalry in the Civil War 4454:Wittenberg, pp. 289–91; Longacre, 4108:Richmond National Battlefield Park 4050:, p. 118–20, 122; Trudeau, p. 253. 2227:Sheridan's movements to Maj. Gen. 1962:'s brigade of 2,000 troopers from 1133:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House 1006:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House 714: 616:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House 541:Battle of Spotsylvania Court House 25: 9837: 9573:Grant Cottage State Historic Site 9297:Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 8026:Reconstruction military districts 6474:Abolitionism in the United States 6429:Plantations in the American South 6344:Origins of the American Civil War 5525: 5381:. New York: Da Capo Press, 1929. 5174:. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992. 4642:West Point Atlas of American Wars 4561:. Washington, DC: Regnery, 2004. 3895:Eicher, pp. 671, 679, 683; Rhea, 3847:, pp. 362–64; Salmon, pp. 325–26. 3599:, pp. 264–65; Eicher, pp. 673–74. 2783:In the Footsteps of Grant and Lee 2615:In the Footsteps of Grant and Lee 9784: 9783: 8957:Grant and the American Civil War 8880: 8871: 8870: 8009:Enforcement Act of February 1871 7982:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 6147: 6111: 4672:. New York: Random House, 1974. 4523: 4510: 4501: 4488: 4479: 4470: 4461: 4448: 4439: 4430: 4421: 4400: 4365: 3990:Furgurson, pp. 49–50; Longacre, 3173:(note at the bottom of the page) 3153:(note at the bottom of the page) 3085:Bibliography of Ulysses S. Grant 3070:Armies in the American Civil War 3044: 3020: 3003: 2986: 2969: 2952: 2935: 2918: 2901: 2884: 2867: 2850: 2833: 2818: 2302: 2290: 1871: 1859: 1513: 1501: 1489: 1198: 1193:Reorienting the lines, May 13–16 1186: 1174: 1162: 1150: 1138: 987: 975: 963: 951: 939: 150:Confederate States (Confederacy) 143: 126: 46: 8794:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 8656:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 8217:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 5626:Potomac blockade (Oct–Jan 1862) 5395:, and Caroline E. Janney, eds. 5194:. New York: Century Co., 1897. 5134:Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant 4769:The Civil War Battlefield Guide 4356: 4343: 4330: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4285: 4264: 4253: 4240: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4196: 4183: 4174: 4165: 4156: 4143: 4130: 4117: 4101: 4092: 4079: 4066: 4053: 4040: 4027: 4014: 4001: 3994:, p. 295; Starr, p. 118; Rhea, 3984: 3971: 3954: 3941: 3928: 3915: 3902: 3889: 3876: 3863: 3850: 3837: 3824: 3811: 3798: 3785: 3772: 3759: 3746: 3733: 3720: 3707: 3694: 3685: 3676: 3663: 3650: 3637: 3624: 3611: 3602: 3589: 3580: 3567: 3554: 3541: 3528: 3519: 3506: 3493: 3480: 3467: 3458: 3445: 3432: 3419: 3406: 3393: 3380: 3367: 3354: 3345: 3336: 3323: 3306: 3303:Salmon, p. 251; Grimsley, p. 3. 3297: 3262: 3253: 3113:"The Overland Campaign of 1864" 2333:from his Trevilian Station raid 2135:Crossing the James (June 12–18) 1598:Across the Pamunkey (May 27–29) 8941:President of the United States 7897:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 5766:Garnett's & Golding's Farm 5532:Overland Campaign Animated Map 5421:. New York: Free Press, 2008. 4898:Onto Petersburg: Grant and Lee 4089:, pp. 148–49; Welcher, p. 984. 3291: 3244: 3211: 3195: 3178: 3158: 3142: 3119: 3105: 3096: 2208:Trevilian Station (June 11–12) 1986:Cold Harbor (May 31 – June 12) 767:The Wilderness (May 5–7, 1864) 109: 13: 1: 9187:Specie Payment Resumption Act 8312:Ladies' Memorial Associations 8014:Enforcement Act of April 1871 7910:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 7785: 5617:Carolina coast blockade (Aug) 5602:Chesapeake blockade (May–Jun) 4539: 4467:Wittenberg, pp. 301–302, 304. 3873:, pp. 365–66; Salmon, p. 327. 3860:, pp. 364–65; Salmon, p. 327. 3316:, not explicitly the city of 2321:Battle of Saint Mary's Church 2315:Saint Mary's Church (June 24) 1915:were withdrawn from Butler's 1181:Grant's grand assault, May 12 838:To the left of Bartlett, the 592: 254:9,861–10,164 missing/captured 9061:State of the Union addresses 8445:Confederate revolving cannon 8187:Sons of Confederate Veterans 8058:South Carolina riots of 1876 8036:Indian Council at Fort Smith 7987:South Carolina riots of 1876 7952:Knights of the White Camelia 6444:Slavery in the United States 5364:. New York: Scribner, 1983. 4557:Bonekemper, Edward H., III. 4498:, p. 393; Young, pp. 242–43. 3231:Abstract from return of the 2398: 1737:, deployed pickets from the 1550:United States Colored Troops 1304:, linking up with Maj. Gen. 866:'s Georgians and Brig. Gen. 573:was mortally wounded at the 524:, in just over eight weeks. 7: 9630:1922 Grant Memorial coinage 8799:New York City riots of 1863 8624:Battle Hymn of the Republic 8375:United Confederate Veterans 8212:Children of the Confederacy 8202:United Confederate Veterans 8197:Southern Historical Society 7349: 6829:Price's Missouri Expedition 6299:Timeline leading to the War 6273: 5913:Operations against Plymouth 5103:Atkinson, Charles Francis. 5098:Memoirs and primary sources 3473:Trudeau, pp. 143–44; Rhea, 3037: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2285:Battle of Trevilian Station 2214:Battle of Trevilian Station 2175:Battle of Trevilian Station 1792:Battle of Totopotomoy Creek 587:Battle of Trevilian Station 502:, and other forces against 10: 9842: 9326:Naturalization Act of 1870 9217:U.S. Department of Justice 9177:General Mining Act of 1872 8767:Confederate Secret Service 8355:Grand Army of the Republic 8247:Grand Army of the Republic 8065:Southern Claims Commission 6211:Gettysburg-Newark Lowlands 5536:American Battlefield Trust 5376:Fuller, Maj. Gen. J. F. C. 5267:Carmichael, Peter S., ed. 4665:The Civil War: A Narrative 4372:Grant, Ulysses S. (1990). 4063:, pp. 125, 129–32, 139–44. 3573:Jaynes, pp. 125–30; Rhea, 2383:, also on June 27 and 28. 2348:King and Queen Court House 2318: 2211: 1989: 1939: 1789: 1752:Spencer repeating carbines 1706: 1634:be moved to a new base at 1529: 1323: 1261: 1254:taking temporary command. 1214: 1003: 842:, commanded by Brig. Gen. 808:Battle of Chancellorsville 770: 761: 718: 613: 607: 601: 487:, general-in-chief of all 9762: 9683: 9650: 9528: 9510: 9469: 9399: 9381: 9358: 9257: 9237:Yellowstone National Park 9200: 9157:Public Credit Act of 1869 9149: 9111: 9014: 8949: 8934: 8866: 8842: 8755:Confederate States dollar 8727: 8669: 8614: 8566:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 8561:Emancipation Proclamation 8523: 8455:Medal of Honor recipients 8412: 8408: 8391: 8343:Confederate Memorial Hall 8325: 8304: 8262: 8234: 8225: 8145:Confederate Memorial Hall 8118:Confederate History Month 8098:Civil War Discovery Trail 8078: 7999:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 7830: 7805:Reconstruction Amendments 7795: 7791: 7780: 7702: 7571: 7564: 7504: 7368: 7361: 7357: 7344: 7286: 7033: 7026: 6857: 6713: 6672: 6640: 6607: 6600: 6596: 6567: 6464: 6414:Emancipation Proclamation 6382: 6283: 6279: 6268: 6198: 6177: 6170: 6146: 6109: 6102: 6052: 6029: 6020: 5940: 5899: 5890: 5865: 5824: 5815: 5723: 5670: 5661: 5633: 5593: 5584: 5302:A Stillness at Appomattox 4868:The Battle of Cold Harbor 4767:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. 3052:American Civil War portal 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2329:Sheridan's return to the 1854:Battle of Bethesda Church 1336:Massaponax Baptist Church 994:2 p.m. until dark, May 6. 579:Virginia Central Railroad 514:Army of Northern Virginia 466:Grant's Overland Campaign 419: 301: 225: 212: 207:Army of Northern Virginia 176: 155: 119: 63: 45: 37: 32: 9439:Ulysses S. Grant Cottage 9341:Civil Rights Act of 1875 9249:Electoral Commission Act 9227:Civil Service Commission 8829:U.S. Sanitary Commission 8740:Battlefield preservation 8646:Marching Through Georgia 8571:Hampton Roads Conference 8546:Confiscation Act of 1862 8541:Confiscation Act of 1861 8317:U.S. national cemeteries 8123:Confederate Memorial Day 8108:Civil War Trails Program 7977:New Orleans riot of 1866 5953:Spotsylvania Court House 5678:Burnside's NC Expedition 5402:Gallagher, Gary W., ed. 5208:The War of the Rebellion 4412:Battle of Brandy Station 3549:Spotsylvania Court House 3536:Spotsylvania Court House 3514:Spotsylvania Court House 3501:Spotsylvania Court House 3488:Spotsylvania Court House 3475:Spotsylvania Court House 3453:Spotsylvania Court House 3090: 2807:Additional campaign maps 2774:Spotsylvania Court House 1932:on the night of May 31. 1909:William F. "Baldy" Smith 1901:William F. "Baldy" Smith 1681:Michigan cavalry brigade 1552:(USCT) under Brig. Gen. 1542:Bermuda Hundred Campaign 1532:Battle of Wilson's Wharf 934:Battle of the Wilderness 773:Battle of the Wilderness 646:William Tecumseh Sherman 533:Battle of the Wilderness 316:Spotsylvania Court House 9309:Enforcement Act of 1870 8750:Confederate war finance 8370:Southern Cross of Honor 8338:1938 Gettysburg reunion 8333:1913 Gettysburg reunion 8031:Reconstruction Treaties 8004:Enforcement Act of 1870 7887:Freedman's Savings Bank 6504:Lane Debates on Slavery 6329:Lincoln–Douglas debates 5404:The Wilderness Campaign 5360:Frassanito, William A. 5081:Young, Alfred C., III. 4670:Red River to Appomattox 4476:Wittenberg, pp. 314–15. 3925:, pp. 32–37, 44–45, 60. 3884:To the North Anna River 3871:To the North Anna River 3858:To the North Anna River 3845:To the North Anna River 3832:To the North Anna River 3819:To the North Anna River 3806:To the North Anna River 3793:To the North Anna River 3780:To the North Anna River 3767:To the North Anna River 3754:To the North Anna River 3741:To the North Anna River 3728:To the North Anna River 3726:Trudeau, p. 227; Rhea, 3715:To the North Anna River 3702:To the North Anna River 3671:To the North Anna River 3658:To the North Anna River 3645:To the North Anna River 3632:To the North Anna River 3619:To the North Anna River 3575:To the North Anna River 3562:To the North Anna River 2826:Key to operational maps 2764:incurred in one day at 2058:on the left, Maj. Gen. 1526:Wilson's Wharf (May 24) 1334:Union staff meeting at 1264:Battle of Meadow Bridge 1217:Battle of Yellow Tavern 1037:Battle of Yellow Tavern 741:the previous year, the 575:Battle of Yellow Tavern 240:8,966 captured/missing) 9600:Ohio Statehouse statue 9314:Second Enforcement Act 9277:Native American policy 9006:Commanding generalship 8809:Richmond riots of 1863 8735:Baltimore riot of 1861 8515:U.S. Military Railroad 8435:Confederate Home Guard 8167:Historiographic issues 8133:Historical reenactment 6632:Revenue Cutter Service 6499:William Lloyd Garrison 6408:Dred Scott v. Sandford 6090:Appomattox Court House 5621:McClellan's operations 5191:Campaigning with Grant 4276:Battle of Cold Harbor 3534:Salmon, p. 277; Rhea, 2778: 2476:National Park Service 2334: 2223: 2189:the night of June 14. 2152: 2144: 2118: 2086: 2030: 2001: 1903: 1885:Stephen Dodson Ramseur 1809: 1801: 1718: 1615: 1607: 1363: 1343: 1320:North Anna (May 23–26) 1258:Meadow Bridge (May 12) 1226: 1211:Yellow Tavern (May 11) 1027: 794: 637: 251:18,564–19,130 wounded; 156:Commanders and leaders 9775:Rutherford B. Hayes → 9212:Judiciary Act of 1869 9162:Copyright Act of 1870 9056:Judicial appointments 8774:Great Revival of 1863 8651:Maryland, My Maryland 8440:Confederate railroads 8103:Civil War Roundtables 7972:Meridian riot of 1871 7967:Memphis riots of 1866 6524:George Luther Stearns 6509:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 6402:Crittenden Compromise 5417:Glatthaar, Joseph T. 5213:a Compilation of the 5205:U.S. War Department, 5032:Trudeau, Noah Andre. 4731:The Overland Campaign 4683:Furgurson, Ernest B. 4640:Esposito, Vincent J. 4572:Chick, Sean Michael. 4416:predominantly cavalry 2758: 2510:Victor, Not a Butcher 2328: 2319:Further information: 2221: 2212:Further information: 2196:to Windmill Point at 2150: 2142: 2112: 2092:hand-to-hand fighting 2084: 2028: 1999: 1992:Battle of Cold Harbor 1990:Further information: 1940:Further information: 1898: 1846:Pennsylvania Reserves 1807: 1799: 1790:Further information: 1739:10th New York Cavalry 1716: 1707:Further information: 1613: 1605: 1530:Further information: 1349: 1340:Charles Anderson Dana 1333: 1324:Further information: 1276:, part of Brig. Gen. 1262:Further information: 1224: 1215:Further information: 1169:Grant attacks, May 10 1013: 1004:Further information: 780: 771:Further information: 719:Further information: 623: 614:Further information: 608:Further information: 226:Casualties and losses 9735:Ulysses S. Grant III 9717:Ulysses S. Grant Jr. 9711:Frederick Dent Grant 9693:Hannah Simpson Grant 9543:Presidential library 9368:Bid for a third term 9167:Currency Act of 1870 9121:Treaty of Washington 8661:Daar kom die Alibama 8576:National Union Party 8252:memorials to Lincoln 8172:Lost Cause mythology 7877:Eufaula riot of 1874 7865:Confederate refugees 7078:District of Columbia 6705:Union naval blockade 6551:Underground Railroad 6339:Nullification crisis 5832:Tidewater operations 5714:Goldsboro Expedition 5230:Alexander, Edward P. 5149:Humphreys, Andrew A. 5066:Wittenberg, Eric J. 4832:Longacre, Edward G. 4817:Longacre, Edward G. 4728:Hogan, David W. Jr. 3634:, pp. 45, 47–49, 53. 3597:Lincoln's Cavalrymen 3288:Further information: 3185:Further information: 3126:Further information: 2242:Alfred T. A. Torbert 1949:Alfred T. A. Torbert 1942:Battle of Old Church 1727:Alfred T. A. Torbert 1717:Battle of Haw's Shop 1709:Battle of Haw's Shop 1657:Alfred T. A. Torbert 1636:Port Royal, Virginia 1484:Battle of North Anna 1443:Battle of the Crater 1431:Thomas L. Crittenden 1375:'s command from the 1373:John C. Breckinridge 1326:Battle of North Anna 1248:5th Michigan Cavalry 1244:1st Virginia Cavalry 815:'s from the distant 739:Battle of Gettysburg 671:; Sherman to invade 548:Battle of North Anna 522:Petersburg, Virginia 9747:Ulysses S. Grant IV 9723:Jesse Root Grant II 9652:Cultural depictions 9615:U.S. Postage stamps 9605:Philadelphia statue 9585:U.S. Capitol statue 9172:Funding Act of 1870 9029:Second inauguration 8987:Richmond–Petersburg 8819:Supreme Court cases 8586:Radical Republicans 8365:Old soldiers' homes 8349:Confederate Veteran 8275:artworks in Capitol 7994:Reconstruction acts 7855:Colfax riot of 1873 6819:Richmond-Petersburg 6424:Fugitive slave laws 6354:Popular sovereignty 6334:Missouri Compromise 6324:Kansas-Nebraska Act 5462:Matter, William D. 5287:Grant Takes Command 5053:The Eastern Theater 4848:McPherson, James M. 4260:Library of Congress 3221:Army of the Potomac 2426: 2405:siege of Petersburg 2331:Army of the Potomac 2202:siege of Petersburg 2085:Cold Harbor, June 3 2029:Cold Harbor, June 1 1842:Martin Davis Hardin 1735:Henry E. Davies Jr. 1731:Hanover Court House 1703:Haw's Shop (May 28) 1577:Williams C. Wickham 560:siege of Petersburg 493:Army of the Potomac 470:Wilderness Campaign 366:Saint Mary's Church 249:4,206–4,352 killed; 185:Army of the Potomac 108:Union victory; See 9664:(2002 documentary) 9610:San Francisco bust 9561:General Grant tree 9182:Timber Culture Act 9024:First inauguration 8640:A Lincoln Portrait 8581:Politicians killed 8505:U.S. Balloon Corps 8500:Union corps badges 8280:memorials to Davis 8150:Disenfranchisement 8021:Reconstruction era 7902:Timber Culture Act 7860:Compromise of 1877 6824:Franklin–Nashville 6494:Frederick Douglass 6397:Cornerstone Speech 6314:Compromise of 1850 6262:American Civil War 6008:Boydton Plank Road 5746:Seven Days Battles 5393:Gallagher, Gary W. 5330:Dowdey, Clifford. 5047:Welcher, Frank J. 5013:Starr, Stephen Z. 4996:Smith, Jean Edward 4979:Simpson, Brooks D. 4802:2012-11-15 at the 4791:3 May 2016 at the 4737:2016-04-22 at the 4654:West Point website 4592:James M. McPherson 4551:2005-04-09 at the 3314:Joseph E. Johnston 2800:capture of Atlanta 2422: 2335: 2309:Actions on June 12 2297:Actions on June 11 2224: 2153: 2145: 2119: 2087: 2040:Thomas L. Clingman 2031: 2002: 1904: 1810: 1802: 1719: 1640:Rappahannock River 1616: 1608: 1427:Samuel W. Crawford 1410:would have done?" 1364: 1344: 1227: 1102:Orlando B. Willcox 1028: 829:Joseph J. Bartlett 795: 689:William W. Averell 677:Joseph E. Johnston 661:Richmond, Virginia 638: 610:American Civil War 598:Military situation 478:American Civil War 411:American Civil War 40:American Civil War 9811:Overland Campaign 9798: 9797: 9679: 9678: 9672:(2020 miniseries) 9637:Grant High School 9354: 9353: 9136:Korean Expedition 8894: 8893: 8862: 8861: 8858: 8857: 8692:Italian Americans 8677:African Americans 8634:John Brown's Body 8387: 8386: 8383: 8382: 8300: 8299: 8138:Robert E. Lee Day 7882:Freedmen's Bureau 7845:Brooks–Baxter War 7776: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7560: 7559: 7340: 7339: 7336: 7335: 7332: 7331: 6749:Northern Virginia 6695:Trans-Mississippi 6668: 6667: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6455:Uncle Tom's Cabin 6392:African Americans 6228: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6216:Shenandoah Valley 6206:Cumberland Valley 6166: 6165: 6158:Northern Virginia 6098: 6097: 6016: 6015: 5968:Trevilian Station 5886: 5885: 5811: 5810: 5696:Northern Virginia 5657: 5656: 5502:978-0-8071-6747-2 5477:Power, J. Tracy. 5472:978-0-8078-1781-0 5457:978-1-61121-148-1 5432:Lyman, Theodore. 5427:978-0-684-82787-2 5355:978-1-61121-193-1 5325:978-1-61121-187-0 5237:Gary W. Gallagher 5168:Longstreet, James 5130:Grant, Ulysses S. 5091:978-0-8071-5172-3 5042:978-0-316-85326-2 5027:978-0-8071-3292-0 4943:978-0-8071-3269-2 4606:Davis, William C. 3673:, pp. 60–64, 219. 2796:Shenandoah Valley 2756: 2755: 2377:Wilson-Kautz Raid 2246:Matthew C. Butler 2198:Flowerdew Hundred 2157:Shenandoah Valley 2096:Francis C. Barlow 1960:Matthew C. Butler 1917:Army of the James 1814:P.G.T. Beauregard 1377:Shenandoah Valley 1369:George E. Pickett 1355: Confederate 1306:Benjamin Butler's 1086:Allegheny Johnson 1053:Horatio G. Wright 1019: Confederate 907:Joseph B. Kershaw 786: Confederate 669:Shenandoah Valley 659:against Lee near 629: Confederate 462:Overland Campaign 457: 456: 444:Trans-Mississippi 374: 373: 361:Trevilian Station 346:Totopotomoy Creek 293:Overland Campaign 258: 257: 199:Army of the James 115: 114: 33:Overland Campaign 18:Overland campaign 16:(Redirected from 9833: 9787: 9786: 9768:← Andrew Johnson 9753:Julia Dent Grant 9699:Jesse Root Grant 9661:Ulysses S. Grant 9642:U.S. Grant Hotel 9526: 9525: 9454:speeding arrests 9427:White Haven home 9346:Page Act of 1875 9319:Ku Klux Klan Act 9304:Enforcement Acts 9109: 9108: 8944: 8928:Ulysses S. Grant 8921: 8914: 8907: 8898: 8897: 8884: 8874: 8873: 8697:Native Americans 8682:German Americans 8475:Partisan rangers 8470:Official Records 8410: 8409: 8393: 8392: 8285:memorials to Lee 8232: 8231: 7793: 7792: 7782: 7781: 7569: 7568: 7366: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7346: 7345: 7319:Washington, D.C. 7113:Indian Territory 7073:Dakota Territory 7031: 7030: 6948:Chancellorsville 6739:Jackson's Valley 6729:Blockade runners 6605: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6569: 6568: 6529:Thaddeus Stevens 6519:Lysander Spooner 6479:Susan B. Anthony 6281: 6280: 6270: 6269: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6232: 6231: 6175: 6174: 6151: 6116: 6115: 6107: 6106: 6027: 6026: 5907:Valley campaigns 5897: 5896: 5873:Chancellorsville 5838:Chancellorsville 5822: 5821: 5771:Savage's Station 5756:Beaver Dam Creek 5684:Jackson's Valley 5668: 5667: 5606:Western Virginia 5591: 5590: 5571: 5564: 5557: 5548: 5547: 5492:Rhea, Gordon C. 5251:Bearss, Edwin C. 5215:Official Records 4963:Salmon, John S. 4948:Rhea, Gordon C. 4933:Rhea, Gordon C. 4918:Rhea, Gordon C. 4903:Rhea, Gordon C. 4896:Rhea, Gordon C. 4881:Rhea, Gordon C. 4866:Rhea, Gordon C. 4698:Grimsley, Mark. 4624:Eicher, David J. 4534: 4527: 4521: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4499: 4492: 4486: 4483: 4477: 4474: 4468: 4465: 4459: 4456:Lee's Cavalrymen 4452: 4446: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4428: 4425: 4419: 4408:Lee's Cavalrymen 4404: 4398: 4397: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4354: 4351:Lee's Cavalrymen 4347: 4341: 4338:Lee's Cavalrymen 4334: 4328: 4325: 4319: 4316: 4310: 4309:Welcher, p. 994. 4307: 4301: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4283: 4268: 4262: 4257: 4251: 4244: 4238: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4216: 4213: 4207: 4200: 4194: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4163: 4160: 4154: 4147: 4141: 4134: 4128: 4121: 4115: 4105: 4099: 4096: 4090: 4083: 4077: 4070: 4064: 4057: 4051: 4044: 4038: 4031: 4025: 4018: 4012: 4011:, pp. 71, 87–88. 4005: 3999: 3992:Lee's Cavalrymen 3988: 3982: 3975: 3969: 3964:, p. 294; Rhea, 3962:Lee's Cavalrymen 3958: 3952: 3945: 3939: 3932: 3926: 3919: 3913: 3906: 3900: 3893: 3887: 3880: 3874: 3867: 3861: 3854: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3828: 3822: 3815: 3809: 3802: 3796: 3789: 3783: 3776: 3770: 3763: 3757: 3750: 3744: 3737: 3731: 3724: 3718: 3711: 3705: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3683: 3680: 3674: 3667: 3661: 3654: 3648: 3641: 3635: 3628: 3622: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3578: 3571: 3565: 3558: 3552: 3545: 3539: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3517: 3510: 3504: 3497: 3491: 3484: 3478: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3456: 3449: 3443: 3436: 3430: 3423: 3417: 3410: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3384: 3378: 3371: 3365: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3343: 3340: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3295: 3285: 3276: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3242: 3233:Ninth Army Corps 3215: 3209: 3199: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3162: 3156: 3146: 3140: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3115:. 14 April 2014. 3109: 3103: 3100: 3054: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3024: 3007: 2990: 2973: 2956: 2939: 2922: 2905: 2888: 2871: 2854: 2837: 2822: 2798:, and Sherman's 2785: 2781:Gordon C. Rhea, 2689:Official Records 2687:U.S. War Dept., 2545:West Point Atlas 2427: 2421: 2409:Appomattox River 2306: 2294: 2257:George A. Custer 2187:Appomattox River 2128:Personal Memoirs 2076:Cadmus M. Wilcox 2044:William S. Truex 2011:David McM. Gregg 1976:George A. Custer 1878:Ramseur's attack 1875: 1863: 1768:George A. Custer 1723:David McM. Gregg 1677:George A. Custer 1661:David McM. Gregg 1517: 1505: 1493: 1477:Henry W. Halleck 1468:Ambrose Burnside 1404:Cadmus M. Wilcox 1360: 1354: 1314:North Anna River 1282:David McM. Gregg 1274:George A. Custer 1240:Spencer carbines 1202: 1190: 1178: 1166: 1154: 1142: 1126:North Anna River 1024: 1018: 991: 979: 967: 955: 943: 903:Charles W. Field 884:Cadmus M. Wilcox 848:Cullen A. Battle 813:James Longstreet 791: 785: 752:Washington, D.C. 709:war of attrition 634: 628: 485:Ulysses S. Grant 464:, also known as 414: 413: 409:Theaters of the 401: 394: 387: 378: 377: 296: 294: 284: 277: 270: 261: 260: 162:Ulysses S. Grant 148: 147: 131: 130: 86: 84: 78: 76: 65: 64: 53:Ulysses S. Grant 50: 30: 29: 21: 9841: 9840: 9836: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9831: 9830: 9801: 9800: 9799: 9794: 9758: 9755:(granddaughter) 9675: 9646: 9590:Brooklyn relief 9579:The Peacemakers 9524: 9506: 9465: 9395: 9377: 9360:Post-presidency 9350: 9292:Great Sioux War 9253: 9244:Post Office Act 9203: 9196: 9192:Desert Land Act 9150:Economic policy 9145: 9107: 9010: 8950:Military career 8945: 8936: 8930: 8925: 8895: 8890: 8854: 8838: 8723: 8687:Irish Americans 8665: 8610: 8519: 8510:U.S. Home Guard 8450:Field artillery 8404: 8403: 8379: 8321: 8296: 8258: 8227: 8221: 8113:Civil War Trust 8080: 8074: 7962:Ethnic violence 7947:Kirk–Holden war 7826: 7787: 7764: 7698: 7556: 7500: 7353: 7328: 7282: 7035: 7022: 6853: 6834:Sherman's March 6814:Bermuda Hundred 6709: 6664: 6636: 6592: 6591: 6555: 6514:J. Sella Martin 6484:James G. Birney 6460: 6378: 6304:Bleeding Kansas 6292: 6275: 6264: 6259: 6229: 6220: 6194: 6162: 6142: 6110: 6094: 6060:2nd Fort Fisher 6048: 6012: 5983:2nd Deep Bottom 5936: 5919:Bermuda Hundred 5882: 5861: 5807: 5776:White Oak Swamp 5719: 5653: 5629: 5580: 5575: 5528: 5508:Wert, Jeffry D. 5300:Catton, Bruce. 5226: 5224:Further reading 5100: 4804:Wayback Machine 4793:Wayback Machine 4739:Wayback Machine 4553:Wayback Machine 4542: 4537: 4528: 4524: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4462: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4405: 4401: 4386: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4348: 4344: 4335: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4290: 4286: 4269: 4265: 4258: 4254: 4245: 4241: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4201: 4197: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4157: 4148: 4144: 4135: 4131: 4122: 4118: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4084: 4080: 4071: 4067: 4058: 4054: 4045: 4041: 4032: 4028: 4019: 4015: 4006: 4002: 3989: 3985: 3976: 3972: 3959: 3955: 3946: 3942: 3933: 3929: 3920: 3916: 3907: 3903: 3894: 3890: 3881: 3877: 3868: 3864: 3855: 3851: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3825: 3816: 3812: 3803: 3799: 3790: 3786: 3777: 3773: 3764: 3760: 3751: 3747: 3738: 3734: 3725: 3721: 3712: 3708: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3668: 3664: 3655: 3651: 3642: 3638: 3629: 3625: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3594: 3590: 3586:Salmon, p. 289. 3585: 3581: 3572: 3568: 3559: 3555: 3546: 3542: 3533: 3529: 3524: 3520: 3511: 3507: 3498: 3494: 3485: 3481: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3450: 3446: 3437: 3433: 3424: 3420: 3411: 3407: 3398: 3394: 3385: 3381: 3372: 3368: 3359: 3355: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3337: 3328: 3324: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3286: 3279: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3216: 3212: 3200: 3196: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3163: 3159: 3147: 3143: 3134: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3050: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3033: 3028: 3025: 3016: 3011: 3008: 2999: 2994: 2991: 2982: 2977: 2974: 2965: 2960: 2957: 2948: 2943: 2940: 2931: 2926: 2923: 2914: 2909: 2906: 2897: 2892: 2889: 2880: 2875: 2872: 2863: 2858: 2855: 2846: 2841: 2838: 2829: 2823: 2814: 2809: 2787: 2780: 2681: 2664: 2467: 2453: 2440: 2401: 2381:Chaffin's Bluff 2344:Mattaponi River 2323: 2317: 2310: 2307: 2298: 2295: 2216: 2210: 2183:James H. Wilson 2166:Charlottesville 2137: 2056:Robert E. Rodes 2015:Philip Sheridan 1994: 1988: 1953:Thomas C. Devin 1944: 1938: 1879: 1876: 1867: 1864: 1834:Robert E. Rodes 1822:Bermuda Hundred 1818:Benjamin Butler 1794: 1788: 1779:Eastern Theater 1711: 1705: 1653:James H. Wilson 1600: 1562:Jefferson Davis 1538:Benjamin Butler 1534: 1528: 1521: 1518: 1509: 1506: 1497: 1494: 1452:David B. Birney 1435:James H. Ledlie 1400:David B. Birney 1362: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1328: 1322: 1286:James H. Wilson 1266: 1260: 1219: 1213: 1206: 1203: 1194: 1191: 1182: 1179: 1170: 1167: 1158: 1155: 1146: 1143: 1097:Thomas H. Neill 1026: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1008: 1002: 995: 992: 983: 980: 971: 968: 959: 956: 947: 944: 905:and Brig. Gen. 875:George W. Getty 864:George P. Doles 858:and Brig. Gen. 844:Lysander Cutler 825:Romeyn B. Ayres 793: 789: 787: 783: 775: 769: 764: 735: 717: 715:Opposing forces 701:Mobile, Alabama 697:Nathaniel Banks 657:Benjamin Butler 653:Abraham Lincoln 642:Western Theater 636: 632: 630: 626: 618: 612: 606: 600: 595: 567:Philip Sheridan 537:Eastern Theater 500:George G. Meade 495:, commanded by 458: 453: 415: 408: 407: 405: 375: 370: 297: 292: 290: 288: 252: 250: 248: 239: 238:38,339 wounded; 237: 235: 166:George G. Meade 164: 142: 125: 100: 87: 82: 80: 79:– June 24, 1864 74: 72: 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9839: 9829: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9813: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9792: 9779: 9778: 9771: 9763: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9756: 9750: 9744: 9738: 9732: 9726: 9720: 9714: 9708: 9702: 9696: 9689: 9687: 9681: 9680: 9677: 9676: 9674: 9673: 9665: 9656: 9654: 9648: 9647: 9645: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9627: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9595:Chicago statue 9592: 9587: 9582: 9575: 9570: 9569: 9568: 9558: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9538:Grant Memorial 9534: 9532: 9523: 9522: 9516: 9514: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9504: 9503: 9502: 9497: 9489: 9488: 9487: 9482: 9473: 9471: 9467: 9466: 9464: 9463: 9458: 9457: 9456: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9435: 9434: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9403: 9401: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9385: 9383: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9375: 9370: 9364: 9362: 9356: 9355: 9352: 9351: 9349: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9322: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9301: 9300: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9282:"Peace Policy" 9274: 9273: 9272: 9265:Reconstruction 9261: 9259: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9240: 9239: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9208: 9206: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9153: 9151: 9147: 9146: 9144: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9132: 9131: 9117: 9115: 9113:Foreign policy 9106: 9105: 9104: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9042: 9041: 9031: 9026: 9020: 9018: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9008: 9003: 9002: 9001: 9000: 8999: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8953: 8951: 8947: 8946: 8935: 8932: 8931: 8924: 8923: 8916: 8909: 8901: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8888: 8878: 8867: 8864: 8863: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8852: 8846: 8844: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8836: 8834:Women soldiers 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8789:Naming the war 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8770: 8769: 8759: 8758: 8757: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8731: 8729: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8721: 8720: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8673: 8671: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8620: 8618: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8527: 8525: 8521: 8520: 8518: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8425:Campaign Medal 8422: 8416: 8414: 8406: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8400:Related topics 8397: 8389: 8388: 8385: 8384: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8308: 8306: 8302: 8301: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8294: 8289: 8288: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8259: 8257: 8256: 8255: 8254: 8249: 8238: 8236: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8163: 8162: 8157: 8147: 8142: 8141: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8128:Decoration Day 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8084: 8082: 8081:Reconstruction 8076: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8061: 8060: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8039: 8038: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8017: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7991: 7990: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7943: 7942: 7937: 7935:second inquiry 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7899: 7892:Homestead Acts 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7873: 7872: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7840:Alabama Claims 7836: 7834: 7832:Reconstruction 7828: 7827: 7825: 7824: 7823: 7822: 7820:15th Amendment 7817: 7815:14th Amendment 7812: 7810:13th Amendment 7801: 7799: 7789: 7788: 7778: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7706: 7704: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7575: 7573: 7566: 7562: 7561: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7508: 7506: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7441:J. E. Johnston 7438: 7436:A. S. Johnston 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7376:R. H. Anderson 7372: 7370: 7363: 7355: 7354: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7290: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7238:South Carolina 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7213:North Carolina 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7039: 7037: 7028: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6938:Fredericksburg 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6878:Wilson's Creek 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6690:Lower Seaboard 6687: 6682: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6646: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6613: 6611: 6602: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6546:Harriet Tubman 6543: 6542: 6541: 6534:Charles Sumner 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6470: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6388: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6371: 6369:States' rights 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6284: 6277: 6276: 6266: 6265: 6258: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6235: 6226: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6181: 6179: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6160: 6154: 6152: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6119: 6117: 6104: 6100: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6085:Sailor's Creek 6082: 6080:3rd Petersburg 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6046: 6040: 6033: 6031: 6024: 6018: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5998:Chaffin's Farm 5995: 5993:3rd Winchester 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5973:2nd Petersburg 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5933:(Jun–Mar 1865) 5928: 5922: 5916: 5910: 5903: 5901: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5875: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5859: 5853: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5828: 5826: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5803:Fredericksburg 5800: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5727: 5725: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5711: 5708:Fredericksburg 5705: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5674: 5672: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5640: 5638: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5618: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5599: 5597: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5574: 5573: 5566: 5559: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5539: 5527: 5526:External links 5524: 5523: 5522: 5505: 5490: 5475: 5460: 5445: 5430: 5415: 5400: 5390: 5373: 5358: 5343: 5328: 5313: 5298: 5280: 5265: 5248: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5203: 5186:Porter, Horace 5183: 5165: 5146: 5127: 5120:Badeau, Adam. 5118: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5079: 5064: 5045: 5030: 5011: 4993: 4976: 4961: 4946: 4931: 4916: 4901: 4894: 4879: 4864: 4845: 4830: 4815: 4780: 4765: 4750: 4726: 4711: 4696: 4681: 4657: 4638: 4621: 4603: 4584: 4582:978-1612347127 4570: 4555: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4522: 4509: 4500: 4487: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4458:, pp. 306–307. 4447: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4399: 4384: 4364: 4355: 4353:, pp. 300–302. 4342: 4329: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4284: 4263: 4252: 4239: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4195: 4182: 4173: 4164: 4155: 4142: 4129: 4116: 4100: 4091: 4078: 4065: 4052: 4039: 4026: 4013: 4000: 3983: 3970: 3953: 3940: 3927: 3914: 3901: 3888: 3875: 3862: 3849: 3836: 3823: 3810: 3797: 3784: 3771: 3758: 3745: 3732: 3719: 3706: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3662: 3649: 3636: 3623: 3610: 3601: 3588: 3579: 3566: 3553: 3540: 3527: 3518: 3505: 3492: 3479: 3466: 3457: 3444: 3431: 3418: 3405: 3392: 3379: 3366: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3322: 3305: 3296: 3277: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3210: 3194: 3177: 3157: 3141: 3118: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3026: 3019: 3017: 3009: 3002: 3000: 2992: 2985: 2983: 2975: 2968: 2966: 2958: 2951: 2949: 2941: 2934: 2932: 2924: 2917: 2915: 2907: 2900: 2898: 2890: 2883: 2881: 2873: 2866: 2864: 2856: 2849: 2847: 2839: 2832: 2830: 2824: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2400: 2397: 2360:Pamunkey River 2316: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2308: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2289: 2287: 2250:Wesley Merritt 2209: 2206: 2136: 2133: 2072:William Mahone 2060:John B. Gordon 1987: 1984: 1972:Wesley Merritt 1964:Mechanicsville 1937: 1934: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1870: 1868: 1866:Rodes's attack 1865: 1858: 1856: 1787: 1784: 1775:Brandy Station 1760:Wesley Merritt 1748:Enfield rifles 1744:J. Irvin Gregg 1704: 1701: 1685:pontoon bridge 1632:Fredericksburg 1620:Pamunkey River 1599: 1596: 1581:Parrott rifles 1554:Edward A. Wild 1527: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1488: 1486: 1439:William Mahone 1357: 1351: 1321: 1318: 1298:Mechanicsville 1278:Wesley Merritt 1259: 1256: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1137: 1135: 1021: 1015: 1001: 998: 997: 996: 993: 986: 984: 981: 974: 972: 969: 962: 960: 957: 950: 948: 945: 938: 936: 922:John B. Gordon 915:William Mahone 852:John B. Gordon 788: 782: 768: 765: 763: 760: 716: 713: 679:, and capture 631: 625: 602:Main article: 599: 596: 594: 591: 455: 454: 452: 451: 446: 441: 439:Lower seaboard 436: 431: 426: 424:Union blockade 420: 417: 416: 404: 403: 396: 389: 381: 372: 371: 369: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 336:Wilson's Wharf 333: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 302: 299: 298: 287: 286: 279: 272: 264: 256: 255: 241: 236:(7,621 killed; 228: 227: 223: 222: 219: 215: 214: 210: 209: 204: 203: 202: 192: 187: 179: 178: 177:Units involved 174: 173: 168: 158: 157: 153: 152: 140: 122: 121: 117: 116: 113: 112: 106: 102: 101: 96: 94: 90: 89: 69: 61: 60: 43: 42: 35: 34: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9838: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9791: 9790: 9781: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9772: 9770: 9769: 9765: 9764: 9761: 9754: 9751: 9748: 9745: 9742: 9741:Chapman Grant 9739: 9736: 9733: 9730: 9727: 9724: 9721: 9718: 9715: 9712: 9709: 9706: 9703: 9700: 9697: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9682: 9671: 9670: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9649: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9622: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9580: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9567: 9564: 9563: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9554:General Grant 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9527: 9521: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9513: 9509: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9492: 9490: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9468: 9462: 9459: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9433: 9430: 9429: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9404: 9402: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9380: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9361: 9357: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9305: 9302: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9278: 9275: 9271: 9268: 9267: 9266: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9258:Social policy 9256: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9238: 9235: 9234: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9199: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9154: 9152: 9148: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9130: 9128: 9124: 9123: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9116: 9114: 9110: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9063: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9040: 9037: 9036: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9021: 9019: 9017: 9013: 9007: 9004: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8962:Fort Donelson 8960: 8959: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8948: 8942: 8939: 8933: 8929: 8922: 8917: 8915: 8910: 8908: 8903: 8902: 8899: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8877: 8869: 8868: 8865: 8851: 8848: 8847: 8845: 8841: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8804:Photographers 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8779:Gender issues 8777: 8775: 8772: 8768: 8765: 8764: 8763: 8760: 8756: 8753: 8752: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8732: 8730: 8726: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8699: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8668: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8641: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8613: 8607: 8606:War Democrats 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8596:Union Leagues 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8528: 8526: 8522: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8495:Turning point 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8465:Naval battles 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8411: 8407: 8399: 8398: 8394: 8390: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8324: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8303: 8293: 8290: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8272: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8261: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8243: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8233: 8230: 8228:and memorials 8224: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8088:Commemoration 8086: 8085: 8083: 8077: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8037: 8034: 8033: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7995: 7992: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7930:first inquiry 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7911: 7908: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7850:Carpetbaggers 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7806: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7783: 7779: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7563: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7503: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7347: 7343: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7273:West Virginia 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7193:New Hampshire 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7153:Massachusetts 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6893:Hampton Roads 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6883:Fort Donelson 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6856: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6779:Morgan's Raid 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6724:Anaconda Plan 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6712: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6700:Pacific Coast 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6671: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6434:Positive good 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6381: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6349:Panic of 1857 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6309:Border states 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6256: 6251: 6249: 6244: 6242: 6237: 6236: 6233: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6173: 6169: 6159: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6145: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053:Major battles 6051: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5941:Major battles 5939: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866:Major battles 5864: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5731:Hampton Roads 5729: 5728: 5726: 5724:Major battles 5722: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5632: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5572: 5567: 5565: 5560: 5558: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5543: 5540: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5520: 5519:0-7432-2506-6 5516: 5512: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5487:0-8078-2392-9 5484: 5480: 5476: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5442:0-8032-7935-3 5439: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5412:0-8078-2334-1 5409: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5387:0-306-80450-6 5384: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5370:0-684-17873-7 5367: 5363: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5340:1-61608-411-1 5337: 5333: 5329: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5311: 5310:0-385-04451-8 5307: 5303: 5299: 5296: 5295:0-316-13210-1 5292: 5288: 5284: 5283:Catton, Bruce 5281: 5278: 5277:0-8071-2929-1 5274: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5262:0-7922-7568-3 5259: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5245:0-8078-4722-4 5242: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5218: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5180:0-306-80464-6 5177: 5173: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5143:0-914427-67-9 5140: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5101: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5077: 5076:1-57488-468-9 5073: 5069: 5065: 5062: 5061:0-253-36453-1 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5008:0-684-84927-5 5005: 5001: 4997: 4994: 4991: 4990:0-395-65994-9 4987: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4973:0-8117-2868-4 4970: 4966: 4962: 4959: 4958:0-8071-2535-0 4955: 4951: 4947: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4929: 4928:0-8071-2136-3 4925: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4913:0-8071-1873-7 4910: 4906: 4902: 4899: 4895: 4892: 4891:0-8071-2803-1 4888: 4884: 4880: 4877: 4876:1-888213-70-1 4873: 4869: 4865: 4862: 4861:0-19-503863-0 4858: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4842:0-8117-1049-1 4839: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4827:0-8117-0898-5 4824: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4778: 4777:0-395-74012-6 4774: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4762:0-8094-4768-1 4759: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4747:9780160925177 4744: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4724: 4723:0-252-00918-5 4720: 4716: 4712: 4709: 4708:0-8032-2162-2 4705: 4701: 4697: 4694: 4693:0-679-45517-5 4690: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4678:0-394-74913-8 4675: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4661: 4660:Foote, Shelby 4658: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4635:0-684-84944-5 4632: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4618:0-8094-4776-2 4615: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4600:1-55905-027-6 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4567:0-89526-062-X 4564: 4560: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4533:, pp. 388–93. 4532: 4526: 4519: 4513: 4504: 4497: 4491: 4482: 4473: 4464: 4457: 4451: 4442: 4433: 4424: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4377: 4376: 4368: 4359: 4352: 4346: 4339: 4333: 4324: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4288: 4281: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4256: 4249: 4243: 4236: 4230: 4221: 4212: 4205: 4199: 4192: 4186: 4177: 4168: 4159: 4153:, pp. 135–38. 4152: 4146: 4140:, pp. 134–35. 4139: 4133: 4126: 4120: 4114:, pp. 165–69. 4113: 4109: 4104: 4095: 4088: 4082: 4076:, pp. 144–48. 4075: 4069: 4062: 4056: 4049: 4043: 4036: 4030: 4024:, pp. 110–11. 4023: 4017: 4010: 4004: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3980: 3974: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3950: 3944: 3937: 3931: 3924: 3918: 3911: 3905: 3898: 3892: 3886:, pp. 367–68. 3885: 3879: 3872: 3866: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3840: 3833: 3827: 3821:, pp. 355–60. 3820: 3814: 3808:, pp. 352–53. 3807: 3801: 3794: 3788: 3781: 3775: 3768: 3762: 3755: 3749: 3742: 3736: 3730:, pp. 282–89. 3729: 3723: 3716: 3710: 3703: 3697: 3688: 3679: 3672: 3666: 3659: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3633: 3627: 3620: 3614: 3605: 3598: 3592: 3583: 3576: 3570: 3563: 3557: 3550: 3544: 3537: 3531: 3522: 3515: 3509: 3502: 3496: 3489: 3483: 3476: 3470: 3461: 3454: 3448: 3442:, pp. 436–38. 3441: 3435: 3428: 3422: 3415: 3409: 3402: 3396: 3389: 3383: 3376: 3370: 3363: 3357: 3348: 3339: 3332: 3326: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3300: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3240: 3236: 3234: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3214: 3207: 3203: 3198: 3191: 3190:pages 116–119 3186: 3181: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3138: 3137:pages 198–209 3132: 3131:pages 106–116 3127: 3122: 3114: 3108: 3099: 3095: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3042: 3031: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2938: 2933: 2929: 2921: 2916: 2912: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2853: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2821: 2816: 2815: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2784: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2396: 2394: 2393:J.E.B. Stuart 2388: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2351: 2349: 2346:, arrived at 2345: 2341: 2340:Bowling Green 2332: 2327: 2322: 2305: 2300: 2293: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2178: 2176: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2158: 2149: 2141: 2132: 2129: 2123: 2117:, April 1865. 2116: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2083: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2067: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2007: 1998: 1993: 1983: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1933: 1929: 1928:Cold Harbor. 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1874: 1869: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1844:, men of the 1843: 1837: 1835: 1829: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1806: 1798: 1793: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1715: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628:Aquia Landing 1625: 1621: 1612: 1604: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1516: 1511: 1504: 1499: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1472: 1469: 1463: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1420: 1415: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1348: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1317: 1315: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1235: 1231: 1223: 1218: 1201: 1196: 1189: 1184: 1177: 1172: 1165: 1160: 1153: 1148: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1113: 1109: 1107: 1106:James H. Lane 1103: 1098: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1081: 1078: 1073: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1049:John Sedgwick 1046: 1041: 1038: 1032: 1012: 1007: 990: 985: 978: 973: 966: 961: 954: 949: 942: 937: 935: 932: 931: 930: 926: 923: 918: 916: 912: 911:Moxley Sorrel 908: 904: 899: 897: 896:Texas Brigade 893: 887: 885: 881: 876: 871: 869: 868:Junius Daniel 865: 861: 860:James C. Rice 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 836: 834: 833:John M. Jones 830: 826: 820: 818: 814: 809: 804: 800: 799:Rapidan River 779: 774: 759: 757: 753: 748: 744: 740: 734: 730: 726: 722: 712: 710: 704: 702: 698: 694: 693:West Virginia 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 651: 647: 643: 622: 617: 611: 605: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 571:J.E.B. Stuart 568: 563: 561: 557: 553: 549: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 529:Rapidan River 527:Crossing the 525: 523: 519: 515: 511: 510:Robert E. Lee 508: 505: 501: 498: 494: 490: 486: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 450: 449:Pacific coast 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 421: 418: 412: 402: 397: 395: 390: 388: 383: 382: 379: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 326:Meadow Bridge 324: 322: 321:Yellow Tavern 319: 317: 314: 312: 311:Todd's Tavern 309: 307: 304: 303: 300: 295: 285: 280: 278: 273: 271: 266: 265: 262: 253: 246: 245:30,000–35,000 242: 233: 230: 229: 224: 221:60,000–65,000 220: 217: 216: 211: 208: 205: 200: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 182: 181: 180: 175: 172: 171:Robert E. Lee 169: 167: 163: 160: 159: 154: 151: 146: 141: 138: 134: 133:United States 129: 124: 123: 118: 111: 107: 104: 103: 99: 95: 92: 91: 70: 67: 66: 62: 58: 57:Robert E. Lee 54: 49: 44: 41: 36: 31: 19: 9782: 9773: 9766: 9729:Nellie Grant 9667: 9659: 9577: 9553: 9520:Bibliography 9461:Grant's Tomb 9449:Horsemanship 9417:Boyhood home 9388: 9331:Comstock Act 9126: 8981: 8745:Bibliography 8728:Other topics 8670:By ethnicity 8638: 8591:Trent Affair 8490:Signal Corps 8347: 8070:White League 7957:Ku Klux Klan 7870:Confederados 7797:Constitution 7669:D. D. Porter 7522:Breckinridge 7233:Rhode Island 7228:Pennsylvania 6983:Spotsylvania 6943:Stones River 6923:2nd Bull Run 6873:1st Bull Run 6798: 6759:Stones River 6660:Marine Corps 6627:Marine Corps 6466:Abolitionism 6453: 6406: 6070:Fort Stedman 5988:Globe Tavern 5793:2nd Bull Run 5786:Malvern Hill 5761:Gaines' Mill 5736:Williamsburg 5649:1st Bull Run 5510: 5493: 5478: 5463: 5448: 5433: 5418: 5403: 5396: 5378: 5361: 5346: 5331: 5316: 5301: 5286: 5268: 5253: 5235:. 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Gen. 2154: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2104: 2088: 2068: 2064: 2052: 2032: 2020: 2006:Fitzhugh Lee 2003: 1980: 1969: 1957: 1945: 1930: 1905: 1890: 1882: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1811: 1772: 1765: 1756: 1720: 1697:Wade Hampton 1693: 1689:Fitzhugh Lee 1674: 1666: 1649: 1617: 1592: 1586: 1574: 1570: 1566:Fitzhugh Lee 1546:Charles City 1535: 1473: 1464: 1456: 1423: 1416: 1412: 1397: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1365: 1310: 1294: 1290: 1271: 1267: 1252:Fitzhugh Lee 1236: 1232: 1228: 1122: 1114: 1110: 1094: 1090: 1082: 1072:Gershom Mott 1068: 1057: 1042: 1033: 1029: 927: 919: 900: 888: 872: 840:Iron Brigade 837: 821: 817:Gordonsville 796: 736: 705: 685:George Crook 639: 583:Wade Hampton 564: 545: 526: 469: 465: 461: 459: 291: 244: 243: 231: 120:Belligerents 38:Part of the 9705:Julia Grant 9444:Galena home 9422:Schoolhouse 9270:Amnesty Act 8997:Court House 8977:Chattanooga 8943:(1869–1877) 8551:Copperheads 8263:Confederate 8155:Black Codes 7481:E. K. Smith 7362:Confederate 7309:New Orleans 7304:Chattanooga 7168:Mississippi 7068:Connecticut 7036:territories 7027:Involvement 6988:Cold Harbor 6978:Fort Pillow 6968:Chattanooga 6963:Chickamauga 6913:Seven Pines 6903:New Orleans 6868:Fort Sumter 6809:Valley 1864 6642:Confederacy 6439:Slave Power 6419:Fire-Eaters 6190:Susquehanna 6185:Monongahela 6178:Departments 6065:Bentonville 6003:Cedar Creek 5963:Cold Harbor 5844:Gettysburg 5741:Seven Pines 5644:Fort Sumter 4531:Cold Harbor 4496:Cold Harbor 4272:Cold Harbor 4248:Cold Harbor 4235:Cold Harbor 4204:Cold Harbor 4191:Cold Harbor 4151:Cold Harbor 4138:Cold Harbor 4125:Cold Harbor 4112:Cold Harbor 4087:Cold Harbor 4074:Cold Harbor 4061:Cold Harbor 4048:Cold Harbor 4035:Cold Harbor 4022:Cold Harbor 4009:Cold Harbor 3996:Cold Harbor 3979:Cold Harbor 3966:Cold Harbor 3949:Cold Harbor 3936:Cold Harbor 3923:Cold Harbor 3910:Cold Harbor 3897:Cold Harbor 3166:Cold Harbor 2578:McPherson, 2441:Casualties 2356:White House 2115:John Reekie 2100:John Gibbon 2048:Eppa Hunton 2036:Emory Upton 1923:and up the 1921:James River 1913:XVIII Corps 1820:'s army at 1670:Jubal Early 1644:White House 1624:Belle Plain 1575:Brig. Gen. 1448:John Gibbon 1419:John Gibbon 1361: Union 1302:James River 1077:Emory Upton 1025: Union 894:'s 800-man 792: Union 758:regiments. 699:to capture 665:Franz Sigel 635: Union 556:James River 552:Cold Harbor 504:Confederate 356:Cold Harbor 247:(estimated) 195:XVIII Corps 9805:Categories 9749:(grandson) 9743:(grandson) 9737:(grandson) 9731:(daughter) 9548:Grant Park 9495:convention 9480:convention 9412:Birthplace 9407:Early life 9373:World tour 9336:Poland Act 9202:Government 9016:Presidency 8992:Appomattox 8784:Juneteenth 8305:Cemeteries 8182:Red Shirts 8093:Centennial 8043:Red Shirts 7451:Longstreet 7381:Beauregard 7324:Winchester 7299:Charleston 7268:Washington 7203:New Mexico 7198:New Jersey 7058:California 7034:States and 7018:Five Forks 7003:Mobile Bay 6973:Wilderness 6953:Gettysburg 6933:Perryville 6918:Seven Days 6849:Appomattox 6774:Gettysburg 6734:New Mexico 6601:Combatants 6576:Combatants 6489:John Brown 6138:Shenandoah 6075:Five Forks 6043:Appomattox 6037:Wilmington 5958:North Anna 5948:Wilderness 5931:Petersburg 5878:Gettysburg 5051:. Vol. 1, 5017:. Vol. 2, 4668:. Vol. 3, 4540:References 4385:0940450585 4336:Longacre, 3960:Longacre, 3595:Longacre, 3440:Wilderness 3427:Wilderness 3414:Wilderness 3401:Wilderness 3388:Wilderness 3375:Wilderness 3362:Wilderness 3331:Wilderness 2792:Mobile Bay 2770:Gettysburg 2724:Lee's Army 2580:Battle Cry 2573:75–95,000 2570:20–40,000 2543:Esposito, 2364:City Point 2274:Waynesboro 1899:Maj. Gen. 1883:Maj. Gen. 892:John Gregg 880:Henry Heth 593:Background 351:Old Church 341:Haw's Shop 331:North Anna 306:Wilderness 83:1864-06-25 75:1864-05-04 9625:$ 50 bill 9530:Memorials 9470:Elections 9287:Modoc War 8972:Vicksburg 8762:Espionage 8556:Diplomacy 8524:Political 8480:POW camps 8226:Monuments 8053:Scalawags 8048:Redeemers 7786:Aftermath 7735:Pinkerton 7674:Rosecrans 7639:McClellan 7542:Memminger 7278:Wisconsin 7243:Tennessee 7163:Minnesota 7138:Louisiana 7013:Nashville 6958:Vicksburg 6888:Pea Ridge 6839:Carolinas 6794:Red River 6789:Knoxville 6769:Tullahoma 6764:Vicksburg 6744:Peninsula 6716:campaigns 6582:Campaigns 6359:Secession 6199:Landforms 6171:Geography 6045:(Mar–Apr) 6039:(Dec–Feb) 6030:Campaigns 5927:(May–Jun) 5915:(Apr–May) 5900:Campaigns 5858:(Nov–Dec) 5852:(Oct–Nov) 5846:(Jun–Jul) 5840:(Apr–May) 5834:(Mar–Apr) 5825:Campaigns 5751:Oak Grove 5710:(Nov–Dec) 5698:(Jul-Sep) 5692:(Mar–Jul) 5690:Peninsula 5686:(Mar–Jun) 5680:(Feb–Jun) 5671:Campaigns 5623:(Oct–Dec) 5608:(Jun–Dec) 5595:Campaigns 4520:, p. 126. 4518:Footsteps 4278:Aftermath 4127:, p. 133. 4037:, p. 108. 3834:, p. 368. 3717:, p. 212. 3292:Aftermath 3290:see also 3170:page 178 3150:page 113 2762:McClellan 2466:Captured/ 2452:Captured/ 2399:Aftermath 2270:Lynchburg 2170:Lynchburg 1638:, on the 856:Roy Stone 747:III Corps 675:, defeat 650:President 497:Maj. Gen. 110:Aftermath 9789:Category 9701:(father) 9695:(mother) 9620:Currency 9500:election 9485:election 9039:Grantism 9034:Scandals 8982:Overland 8876:Category 8717:Seminole 8707:Cherokee 8460:Medicine 8413:Military 8326:Veterans 8160:Jim Crow 7925:timeline 7720:Ericsson 7703:Civilian 7684:Sheridan 7644:McDowell 7604:Farragut 7589:Burnside 7579:Anderson 7572:Military 7552:Stephens 7512:Benjamin 7505:Civilian 7391:Buchanan 7369:Military 7314:Richmond 7263:Virginia 7208:New York 7183:Nebraska 7173:Missouri 7158:Michigan 7148:Maryland 7133:Kentucky 7108:Illinois 7083:Delaware 7063:Colorado 7048:Arkansas 7008:Franklin 6928:Antietam 6799:Overland 6754:Maryland 6673:Theaters 6579:Theaters 6133:Virginia 5925:Overland 5856:Mine Run 5798:Antietam 5781:Glendale 5702:Maryland 5612:Manassas 4812:62535944 4800:Archived 4789:Archived 4735:Archived 4549:Archived 4394:21195673 3951:, p. 60. 3912:, p. 24. 3273:page 188 3239:page 915 3227:page 198 3206:page 209 3038:See also 2766:Antietam 2682:100,000 2608:100,000 2468:Missing 2463:Wounded 2454:Missing 2449:Wounded 2261:caissons 2194:Weyanoke 1558:Richmond 1459:diarrhea 1064:Ni River 1060:Po River 756:infantry 745:and the 518:Richmond 482:Lt. Gen. 474:Virginia 468:and the 213:Strength 190:IX Corps 98:Virginia 93:Location 9204:reforms 9127:Alabama 9051:Cabinet 9046:Pardons 8843:Related 8712:Choctaw 8702:Catawba 8485:Rations 8430:Cavalry 8292:Removal 7920:efforts 7904:of 1873 7750:Stevens 7745:Stanton 7730:Lincoln 7689:Sherman 7624:Halleck 7614:Frémont 7599:Du Pont 7537:Mallory 7496:Wheeler 7431:Jackson 7411:Forrest 7351:Leaders 7294:Atlanta 7258:Vermont 7178:Montana 7118:Indiana 7093:Georgia 7088:Florida 7053:Arizona 7043:Alabama 6993:Atlanta 6908:Corinth 6860:battles 6804:Atlanta 6784:Bristoe 6685:Western 6680:Eastern 6585:Battles 6384:Slavery 6288:Origins 6274:Origins 6128:Potomac 5850:Bristoe 5636:battles 5115:2698769 4650:5890637 4280:section 3318:Atlanta 3027:Map 12: 3010:Map 11: 2993:Map 10: 2752: 2749:33,646 2746:10,164 2743:19,130 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2722:Young, 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702:54,926 2696:38,339 2677:35,000 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665:65,000 2660: 2657: 2654: 2648:Smith, 2643:88,000 2640:33,000 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628:55,000 2625: 2622: 2619: 2605:35,000 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593:65,000 2590: 2587: 2584: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558:55,000 2555: 2552: 2549: 2538:87,557 2535:32,631 2529:18,564 2523:54,926 2517:38,339 2503:70,139 2500:31,448 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488:38,691 2485: 2482: 2479: 2460:Killed 2446:Killed 2430:Source 2358:on the 1408:Jackson 1393:redoubt 1045:salient 803:turning 762:Battles 743:I Corps 681:Atlanta 673:Georgia 667:in the 585:at the 434:Western 429:Eastern 81: ( 73: ( 9707:(wife) 9685:Family 9512:Legacy 9129:Claims 8967:Shiloh 8886:Portal 8824:Tokens 7760:Welles 7740:Seward 7725:Hamlin 7694:Thomas 7629:Hooker 7594:Butler 7547:Seddon 7532:Hunter 7517:Bocock 7491:Taylor 7486:Stuart 7476:Semmes 7456:Morgan 7416:Gorgas 7396:Cooper 7287:Cities 7223:Oregon 7188:Nevada 7128:Kansas 7098:Hawaii 6998:Crater 6898:Shiloh 6858:Major 6844:Mobile 6714:Major 6588:States 6539:Caning 6103:Armies 5978:Crater 5634:Major 5517: 5500: 5485: 5470: 5455: 5440: 5425: 5410: 5385: 5368: 5353: 5338: 5323: 5308: 5293: 5275: 5260: 5243: 5200:913186 5198: 5178: 5162:479956 5160: 5141: 5113: 5089: 5074: 5059: 5040: 5025: 5006: 4988: 4971: 4956: 4941: 4926: 4911: 4889: 4874: 4859: 4840: 4825: 4810: 4775: 4760: 4745: 4721: 4706: 4691: 4676: 4648: 4633: 4616: 4598: 4580: 4565: 4529:Rhea, 4516:Rhea, 4494:Rhea, 4392: 4382: 4270:Rhea, 4246:Rhea, 4233:Rhea, 4202:Rhea, 4189:Rhea, 4149:Rhea, 4136:Rhea, 4123:Rhea, 4085:Rhea, 3977:Rhea, 3934:Rhea, 3882:Rhea, 3869:Rhea, 3856:Rhea, 3843:Rhea, 3791:Rhea, 3778:Rhea, 3765:Rhea, 3700:Rhea, 3669:Rhea, 3656:Rhea, 3643:Rhea, 3630:Rhea, 3617:Rhea, 3560:Rhea, 3547:Rhea, 3512:Rhea, 3499:Rhea, 3425:Rhea, 3373:Rhea, 3360:Rhea, 3329:Rhea, 3229:) and 2976:Map 9: 2959:Map 8: 2942:Map 7: 2925:Map 6: 2908:Map 5: 2891:Map 4: 2874:Map 3: 2857:Map 2: 2840:Map 1: 2794:, the 2740:4,352 2699:8,966 2693:7,621 2680:almost 2663:almost 2613:Rhea, 2532:9,861 2526:4,206 2520:8,966 2514:7,621 2471:Total 2457:Total 2433:Union 1630:, and 1359: 1353: 1118:abatis 1023: 1017: 790: 784: 731:, and 695:; and 633: 627: 232:54,926 105:Result 9725:(son) 9719:(son) 9713:(son) 9669:Grant 9566:grove 9491:1872 9476:1868 9382:Books 8629:Dixie 8616:Music 8235:Union 8079:Post- 7915:trial 7715:Chase 7710:Adams 7679:Scott 7654:Meigs 7649:Meade 7619:Grant 7609:Foote 7584:Buell 7565:Union 7527:Davis 7471:Price 7461:Mosby 7406:Ewell 7401:Early 7386:Bragg 7248:Texas 7143:Maine 7103:Idaho 6609:Union 6123:James 5921:(May) 5716:(Dec) 5704:(Sep) 5614:(Jul) 5000:Grant 3091:Notes 2650:Grant 2439:Total 2009:Gen. 754:, to 489:Union 234:total 137:Union 71:May 4 9556:ship 9432:farm 9400:Life 9101:1876 9096:1875 9091:1874 9086:1873 9081:1872 9076:1871 9071:1870 9066:1869 8938:18th 8814:Salt 8420:Arms 8270:List 8242:List 7755:Wade 7664:Pope 7634:Hunt 7466:Polk 7426:Hood 7421:Hill 7253:Utah 7218:Ohio 7123:Iowa 6655:Navy 6650:Army 6622:Navy 6617:Army 6022:1865 5892:1864 5817:1863 5663:1862 5586:1861 5515:ISBN 5498:ISBN 5483:ISBN 5468:ISBN 5453:ISBN 5438:ISBN 5423:ISBN 5408:ISBN 5383:ISBN 5366:ISBN 5351:ISBN 5336:ISBN 5321:ISBN 5306:ISBN 5291:ISBN 5273:ISBN 5258:ISBN 5241:ISBN 5196:OCLC 5176:ISBN 5158:OCLC 5139:ISBN 5111:OCLC 5087:ISBN 5072:ISBN 5057:ISBN 5038:ISBN 5023:ISBN 5004:ISBN 4986:ISBN 4969:ISBN 4954:ISBN 4939:ISBN 4924:ISBN 4909:ISBN 4887:ISBN 4872:ISBN 4857:ISBN 4838:ISBN 4823:ISBN 4808:OCLC 4773:ISBN 4758:ISBN 4743:ISBN 4719:ISBN 4704:ISBN 4689:ISBN 4674:ISBN 4646:OCLC 4631:ISBN 4614:ISBN 4596:ISBN 4578:ISBN 4563:ISBN 4390:OCLC 4380:ISBN 2074:and 1925:York 1659:and 1587:Dawn 1585:USS 1450:and 687:and 520:and 507:Gen. 460:The 68:Date 55:and 7659:Ord 7446:Lee 4795:. 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