687:
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cites
Confederate effective strength of "just over 38,000," including A.P. Hill's division, which arrived in the afternoon. Priest, p. 343, cites 87,164 men present in the Army of the Potomac, with 53,632 engaged, and 30,646 engaged in the Army of Northern Virginia. Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite 87,100 Union engaged, 51,800 Confederate. Harsh, Sounding the Shallows, pp. 201–202, analyzes the historiography of the figures, and shows that Ezra A. Carman (a battlefield historian who influenced some of these sources) used "engaged" figures; the 38,000 excludes Pender's and Field's brigades, roughly half the artillery, and forces used to secure objectives behind the line.
97:
31:
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unmarked graves where they fell." McPherson, p. 129, gives ranges for the
Confederate losses: 1,546–2,700 dead, 7,752–9,024 wounded. He states that more than 2,000 of the wounded on both sides died from their wounds. Priest, p. 343, reports 12,882 Union casualties (2,157 killed, 9,716 wounded, 1,009 missing or captured) and 11,530 Confederate (1,754 killed, 8,649 wounded, 1,127 missing or captured). Luvaas and Nelson, p. 302, cite Union casualties of 12,469 (2,010 killed, 9,416 wounded, 1,043 missing or captured) and 10,292 Confederate (1,567 killed, 8,725 wounded for September 14–20, plus approximately 2,000 missing or captured).
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119:
698:. Proponents claim that the engagement was in-fact a massacre and not a battle, due to the high number of killed and wounded Lakota women and children and the very one-sided casualty counts. Estimates of the Lakota losses indicate 150–300 killed, of which up to 200 were women and children. Additionally, as many as 51 were wounded. In contrast, the 7th Cavalry suffered 25 killed and 39 wounded, many being the result of friendly fire.
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566:. He then joined Sheridan again in 1867, and moved with him when he became commander of the Department of the Missouri in 1866. Forsyth served first as the department's secretary and then as inspector, with an appointment in the cavalry. He took part in military campaigns against the Comanche, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Kiowa Indians in 1868–69. Forsyth went to Europe in 1870 as an official observer of the
1039:
Eicher, p. 363. Sears, p. 173, cites 75,000 Union troops, with an effective strength of 71,500, with 300 guns; on p. 296, he states that the 12,401 Union casualties were 25% of those who went into action and that McClellan committed "barely 50,000 infantry and artillerymen to the contest"; p. 389, he
1049:
Sears, pp. 294–96; Cannan, p. 201. Confederate casualties are estimates because reported figures include undifferentiated casualties at South
Mountain and Shepherdstown; Sears remarks that "there is no doubt that a good many of the 1,771 men listed as missing were in fact dead, buried uncounted in
490:
promoted
Forsyth to Brigadier General of Volunteers to rank from May 19, 1865. The U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on February 23, 1866, notwithstanding that Forsyth was mustered out of the volunteer service on January 15, 1866. On July 17, 1866, President Johnson nominated Forsyth for
1029:
Wert, p. 246, Eicher, p. 752. Lewis, p. 288, reports Union totals as 5,764 (569 killed, 3,425 wounded, 1,770 missing), Confederates 3,060 (1,860 killed and wounded, 1,200 prisoners). Kennedy, p. 323, reports 5,672 Union, 2,910 Confederate. The NPS battle summary reports 5,665 Union, 2,910
336:, where he attended the local schools. He attended West Point from 1851 to 1856 and received a commission as second lieutenant in Co. D, 9th U.S. Infantry. He was instrumental in the completion of the frontier fort at San Juan Island and served as the company's acting commander when
818:, Volume 2 of Memorials of Deceased Companions of the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Commandery of the State of Illinois, 1912 .
713:. Respectively, Cedar Creek and Antietam involved 52,712 and 113,000 troops, suffering 8,674 and 22,717 casualties. Wounded Knee, however, involved 610 combatants and resulted in as many as 705 casualties (including non-combatants).
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Brown, p. 178, Brown states that at the army camp, "the
Indians were carefully counted." Utley, p. 204, gives 120 men, 230 women and children; there is no indication how many were warriors, old men, or incapacitated sick like Big
343:
was away on leave. After serving in
Washington Territory at Fort Bellingham and Camp Pickett, San Juan Island, Forsyth was promoted to first lieutenant in 1861 and returned to the East to command Union forces in the Civil War.
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The Army has also been criticized more generally for the seemingly disproportionate number of Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the battle. For comparison, 20 Medals were awarded at
Wounded Knee, 21 at the
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to Major in the
Regular Army for his service Chickamauga. When Sheridan transferred to the Army of the Potomac's Cavalry Corps, Forsyth followed as his chief of staff. He participated in this capacity during the
600:, Kansas, where he arrived September 8, 1887, where he remained in command until Nov. 10th, 1890, during which time he organized and developed the system of instruction for light artillery and cavalry for the
1011:
Whitehorne, p. 15. The NPS battle summary lists Union strength of 31,945. Cullen, p. 111, states 35,000 Union effectives, including 10,000 cavalry. Salmon, p. 368, and
Kennedy, p. 319, state 32,000 Union.
993:
Green, Jerry (1994). "The Medals of
Wounded Knee". Nebraska State Historical Society, also available in Nebraska History #75, pp. 200–208. Nebraska State Historical Society History.
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Whitehorne, p. 17. The NPS battle summary and Kennedy, p. 319, list Confederate strength of 21,000. Cullen, p. 112, states 18,000 Confederate effectives, including 4,000 cavalry.
816:
Memorials of Deceased Companions of the Commandery of the State of Illinois, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States: From July 1, 1901 to December 31, 1911
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Calvin Spotted Elk, direct descendant of Chief Spotted Elk killed at Wounded Knee, launched a petition to rescind medals from the soldiers who participated in the battle.
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389:, returned and Forsyth did not participate in the actual battle. Forsyth relinquished command of the 64th Ohio to Colonel John Ferguson on 1 January 1862.
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appointment as a brevet Brigadier General in the regular army to rank from April 9, 1865. The Senate confirmed the appointment on July 23, 1866.
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after the end of the American Civil War. He commanded a brigade of cavalry for two years and was a strong supporter of African Americans and
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on December 29, 1890, during which more than 250 men, women, and children of the Lakota were killed and more than 50 were wounded.
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900:"Lakota~WOUNDED KNEE: A Campaign to Rescind Medals: story, pictures and information". Footnote.com. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
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Annual Reunion of the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy, at West Point, New York, June 12, 1908
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There have been several attempts by various parties to rescind the Medals of Honor awarded in connection with the
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308:(August 8, 1834 – October 24, 1906) was a U.S. Army officer and general. He was primarily a Union
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James W. Forsyth Papers. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
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W. Forsyth Papers. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
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On July 11, 1886, after a leave of absence of two months, Forsyth was promoted to Colonel of the
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Owens, Ronald J. (2004) Medal of Honor: Historical facts and figures. Turner Publishing Company
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585:, Montana where the army was monitoring the Crow, Cree, and the Gros Ventres (Atsina) Indians.
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Confederate. Salmon, p. 372, reports Union "almost 5,700", Confederate "almost 3,000."
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Brevet Brigadier General of Volunteers 9 May 1865 (for actions in the Valley Campaign)
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Lee, Robert, Fort Meade and the Black Hills, University of Nebraska Press, 1991.
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On May 11, 1897, Forsyth was promoted to major general to succeed Major General
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who had retired on May 8. Forsyth retired from the U.S. Army three days later.
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to succeed McCook and was appointed commander of the Department of California.
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that took place on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation on December 30, 1890.
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Lieutenant Colonel (Volunteers) 19 April 1864 (Assistant Inspector General)
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912:"Plains Humanities: Wounded Knee Massacre". Retrieved December 9, 2014.
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on November 9, 1861. He was temporarily in command of a brigade during
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In 1863 Forsyth transferred back to the Western Theater to serve as
320:. Forsyth is best known for having commanded the 7th Cavalry at the
830:, Saginaw, Mich., Seemann & Peters, Printers And Binders, 1908.
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Mass Grave for the Dead Lakota After the Engagement at Wounded Knee
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Brevet Lieutenant Colonel 19 October 1864 (Cedar Creek, Virginia)
645:. The couple had four children. He died on October 24, 1906, in
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to hold the position vacated by the retirement of Major General
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Brevet Brigadier General 9 April 1865 (for action at Five Forks)
506:. Later, all of these men would become famous Indian fighters.
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974:"No Medals for massacre: Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee"
876:"No Medals for Massacre: Close the Open Wound of Wounded Knee"
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Camp Forsyth on Ft. Riley, Kansas is also named in his honor.
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Major (Volunteers) 7 April 1864 (Assistant Adjutant General)
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1st Lieutenant, 9th Infantry (Regular Army) 15 March 1861
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University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
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University of Washington Libraries Special Collections.
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Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
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From left: Sheridan, Forsyth, Merritt, Devin and Custer
851:"The Wounded Knee medals of honor should be rescinded"
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Brigadier General 9 November 1894 (Dept of California)
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Brevet Major 20 September 1863 (Chickamauga, Georgia)
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Captain, 18th Infantry (Regular Army) 24 October 1861
468:. He received brevets to Lieutenant Colonel, USA for
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and chief of staff to the Union Cavalries during the
923:"The 110th Anniversary of the Wounded Knee Massacre"
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592:, assumed command of the regiment July 26, 1886, at
604:. Forsyth was in command of the 7th Cavalry at the
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546:Brevet Colonel 1 April 1865 (Five Forks, Virginia)
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476:and Brigadier General, U.S. Volunteers, for the
1193:Burials at Green Lawn Cemetery (Columbus, Ohio)
627:. Colonel Forsyth was promoted to the rank of
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641:Forsyth married the daughter of Ohio Governor
602:School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry
668:Lieutenant Colonel, 1st Cavalry 4 April 1878
456:. He was subsequently chief of staff of the
316:and cavalry regimental commander during the
1123:A Hero to His Fighting Men: Nelson A. Miles
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760:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
1075:Roundup Record-Tribune & Winnett Times
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494:Forsyth served under Sheridan along with
416:until the latter's untimely death at the
1203:People of Ohio in the American Civil War
972:Joseph Huff-Hannon (February 12, 2013).
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525:Transferred to 18th Infantry 14 May 1861
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1155:. 1877–1935. 71.86 cubic feet. At the
615:On November 9, 1894, Brigadier General
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396:where he served as the assistant U.S.
1223:Native American genocide perpetrators
1218:United States Military Academy alumni
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1146:1803–2004. 6.82 cubic feet. At the
849:Dana Lone Hill (February 18, 2013).
377:'s march to the relief of Maj. Gen.
1107:, Stanford University Press, 2001,
789:, Stanford University Press, 2001,
83:Green Lawn Cemetery, Columbus, Ohio
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509:After the war, Forsyth joined the
462:Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1864
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1125:, the Kent State University Press
671:Colonel, 7th Cavalry 11 June 1886
608:on December 29, 1890, and at the
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430:Battle of Fredericksburg
249:Valley campaigns of 1864
225:Battle of Fredericksburg
221:Fredericksburg campaign
167:Department of California
1131:Col. Forsyth Exonerated
1121:DeMontravel, Peter R.,
1105:Civil War High Commands
787:Civil War High Commands
1153:Edmond S. Meany papers
1129:"The New York Times":
696:Battle of Wounded Knee
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458:Army of the Shenandoah
420:. Forsyth then became
414:Joseph K. F. Mansfield
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285:Battle of Wounded Knee
1099:Eicher, John H., and
781:Eicher, John H., and
707:Battle of Cedar Creek
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606:Wounded Knee Massacre
483:On January 13, 1866,
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322:Wounded Knee Massacre
306:James William Forsyth
254:Battle of Cedar Creek
237:Battle of Chickamauga
136:Years of service
23:James William Forsyth
806:Eicher, 2001, p. 733
610:Drexel Mission Fight
554:American Indian Wars
332:Forsyth was born in
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290:Drexel Mission Fight
266:Battle of Five Forks
232:Chickamauga campaign
1213:Union Army generals
1208:Pine Ridge Campaign
948:"Wagner...Part Two"
882:. February 12, 2013
880:The Huffington Post
651:Green Lawn Cemetery
649:, and is buried in
568:Franco-Prussian War
472:, colonel, USA for
466:Appomattox Campaign
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261:Appomattox campaign
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951:
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926:
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879:
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858:. Retrieved
855:the Guardian
854:
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722:The Town of
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560:Regular Army
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500:Thomas Devin
493:
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410:aide-de-camp
391:
364:
334:Maumee, Ohio
331:
305:
304:
173:Battles/wars
66:(1906-10-24)
54:Maumee, Ohio
1183:1906 deaths
1178:1834 births
682:Controversy
579:Bannock War
470:Cedar Creek
460:during the
445:Chickamauga
439:to General
400:during the
312:during the
275:Bannock War
1172:Categories
1094:References
598:Fort Riley
474:Five Forks
379:U.S. Grant
367:Union Army
328:Early life
129:Union Army
91:Allegiance
47:1834-08-08
717:Memorials
485:President
449:brevetted
139:1856–1897
1138:Archives
1081:27 April
957:March 1,
932:March 1,
886:March 1,
860:March 1,
738:See also
437:adjutant
159:Commands
111:Service/
577:in the
428:at the
424:to the
338:Captain
1111:
793:
502:, and
383:Shiloh
348:Career
122:
113:branch
100:
85:, U.S.
78:Buried
73:, U.S.
56:, U.S.
1162:James
1060:Foot.
766:Notes
104:Union
1109:ISBN
1083:2015
959:2015
934:2015
888:2015
862:2015
791:ISBN
179:List
144:Rank
61:Died
41:Born
443:at
381:at
1174::
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