135:
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Congelation of the
Vitriolic Acid", and on 1 May 1788 "Remarks on the Principle of Acidity, Decomposition of Water, and Phlogiston". Another paper, on "Fossil Alkali", appeared in 1788 in the "Transactions of the Society of Arts". Keir published the first part of his "Dictionary of Chemistry" in 1789. He discontinued it upon becoming convinced of the weakness of his theory of
414:
exposed him to much virulent abuse. He defended himself and
Priestley in various pamphlets, such as the "Extinguisher Maker", "T. Sobersides", and "High Church Politics". In 1793 Keir published a pamphlet entitled 'The Martial Character of Nations,' arguing that the French were not likely to become
329:
came to
Birmingham in 1780, he found an able assistant in Keir, who had discovered the distinction between carbon dioxide gas and atmospheric air. Keir worked closely with Priestley to investigate the properties of gases. On 3 May 1787 Keir communicated to the Royal Society some "Experiments on the
337:
On 20 May 1790, Keir communicated to the Royal
Society "Experiments and Observations on the Dissolution of Metals in Acids, and their Precipitations, with an Account of a new compound Acid Menstruum, useful in some technical operations of parting metals". This paper contains suggestions which may
205:
In the spring of 1768 he resigned his commission, being disappointed at not meeting with more sympathy in his studies from his brother-officers. He found, however, one congenial friend in
Alexander Blair, afterwards a captain in the 69th regiment of foot. While in the army Keir wrote a
314:, near Dudley, for the manufacture of alkali from the sodium and potassium sulphates, to which he afterwards added a soap manufactory. The method of extraction proceeded on a discovery of Keir's. A nearby road was called Soap Factory Road, though it is now called Factory Road.
426:. The most valuable portion of his correspondence was destroyed by the fire at his daughter's residence, Abberley Hall, Worcestershire, on 25 December 1845. A selection from what was saved, with a sketch of his life, was printed for private circulation in 1859.
375:, while visiting Gregory Watt at Birmingham in 1800, was introduced to Keir. In February 1811 Keir forwarded to the Geological Society "An Account of the Strata in sinking a Pit in Tividale Colliery", accompanied by a number of specimens.
302:
hot or cold. The alloy, which Keir called "Eldorado metal," originally intended for sheathing ship bottoms, but later adopted for architectural fixtures. It has been said to be almost identical with what later became known as
378:
On 19 December 1807, while Keir was staying with Blair at Hilton Park, his house at West
Bromwich was burnt, though most of his books and papers were saved. For a time he lived at a small farmhouse in the neighbourhood.
538:
Schranz, K. M. (2014). The Tipton
Chemical Works of Mr James Keir: Networks of Conversants, Chemicals, Canals and Coal Mines. The International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 84(2),
214:
in favour of the sale of commissions. At this same period he used to rise at four o'clock in the morning to read the classics and military writers, and he translated many chapters of
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291:. He declined, however, the offer of a partnership on account of the financial risk, and limited his connection with the firm to the letter-copying machine department.
752:
712:
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241:) and John Taylor (a leading Birmingham manufacturer). While there, Keir continued his chemical experiments, particularly into the properties of
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417:
Reflections on the
Invasion of Great Britain by the French Armies; on the Mode of Defence; and on the useful application of the National Levies
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829:
422:
Keir, who frequently amused himself by writing poetry, suggested to Darwin many improvements (afterwards adopted) for the second part of the
839:
784:
513:
Kristen
Schranz, "A New Narrative for “Keir’s Metal”: The Chemical and Commercial Transformations of James Keir’s Copper Alloy, 1770–1820"
360:, on which they established the Tividale colliery. Keir studied the mineralogy of Staffordshire, and in 1798 wrote an article on it for
548:
859:
225:, Staffordshire, and devoted himself to chemistry and geology. In 1772, with others, Keir leased a long-established glassworks at
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854:
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202:. He became lieutenant on, 31 March 1759, captain-lieutenant on 16 May 1766, and captain on 23 June of the same year.
338:
have contributed to the discovery of the electro-plate process. It was translated into German later the same year by
804:
757:
466:
339:
283:
In 1778 Keir gave up his glass business to undertake, in the absence of
Boulton and Watt, the sole charge of their
410:, author of "Sandford and Merton". During the same year Keir's avowal of sympathy with the French revolution at a
679:
310:
In 1780 Keir, in conjunction with Alexander Blair (then retired from the army), established a chemical works at
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180:
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198:(now the Gloucestershire Regiment). During the seven years' war he was stationed with his regiment in the
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on the art of war, which was accidentally burnt at his publishers, and a pamphlet addressed to the
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390:(1747–1802) he had an only child, Amelia (1780–1857), who in 1801 married John Lewis Moilliet of
184:
176:
91:
195:
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268:, with additions and notes, published at London in two quarto volumes. In 1777 he issued a
8:
407:
626:
594:
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331:
245:. A paper by him "On the Crystallisations observed on Glass" was communicated to the
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Keir died at West Bromwich on 11 October 1820, and was buried at All Saints Church,
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so pacific as to make national defence less necessary. Ten years later he wrote
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In 1791 Keir wrote, at the special desire of the widow, a memoir of his friend
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Keir was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London on 8 December 1785.
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Window frames made from Keir's metal may still be found at Boulton's home,
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Versuche und Beobachtungen über die Auflösung der Metalle in Säuren ...
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At the age of 22, Keir joined the army and was commissioned into the
87:
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In 1779 Keir invented and took out a patent for an alloy of copper,
233:, which he managed. Partners included Samuel Skey (who manufactured
742: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
395:
349:
215:
207:
46:
684:
Transactions (Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeological Society)
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175:, Scotland, in 1735 as the 18th child of Magdaline Lind (aunt of
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368:. He also gave Shaw information on Staffordshire manufacturing.
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357:
353:
311:
496:
Keir, James Keir; Keir, Amelia; Moilliet, James Keir (1868).
299:
713:"James Keir: Chemist, Geologist, Industrialist and Inventor"
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295:
270:
Treatise on the Different kinds of Elastic Fluids or Gases
260:
Early in the same year Keir completed his translation of
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An Account of the Life and Writings of Thomas Day, Esq
147:(20 September 1735 – 11 October 1820) was a Scottish
625:
Priestley, Joseph; Bolton, Henry Carrington (1892).
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People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
401:
272:(new edition, 1779). Keir had become friends with
187:where he met and formed a lasting friendship with
348:About 1794, Keir and Blair purchased land in the
766:
649:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
631:. Philadelphia: Collins Printing House. p.
495:
398:, afterwards merchant and banker of Birmingham.
624:
483:Glassmakers of Stourbridge and Dudley 1612–2002
155:, and inventor, and an important member of the
761:. Vol. 30. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
697:The Lunar Men: The Friends Who Made the Future
643:Smith, Barbara M. D.; Moilliet, J. L. (1967).
499:Sketch of the Life of James Keir, esq., F.R.S.
642:
628:Scientific Correspondence of Joseph Priestley
470:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
845:Members of the Lunar Society of Birmingham
660:
472:Much of this article is taken from there.
276:, and in the autumn of 1768 he first met
183:, Edinburgh, and studied medicine at the
612:See James Keir and Amelia Moilliet, 1868
573:For an electronic copy of volume 3, see
429:
316:
677:
446:
767:
795:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
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221:Keir ultimately settled at Hill Top,
101:Fellow of the Royal Society of London
835:19th-century Scottish businesspeople
830:18th-century Scottish businesspeople
592:
574:
840:People of the Industrial Revolution
785:People from Stirling (council area)
747:
13:
618:
581:. London: T. Cadell and P. Emsley.
515:https://hdl.handle.net/1807/102952
133:
14:
871:
704:
645:"James Keir of the Lunar Society"
179:) and John Keir. He attended the
860:18th-century Scottish scientists
758:Dictionary of National Biography
737:
710:
467:Dictionary of National Biography
402:Selected non-scientific writings
340:Augustin Gottfried Ludwig Lentin
166:
680:"James Keir, F.R.S., 1735–1820"
606:
850:61st Regiment of Foot officers
585:
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532:
519:
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1:
502:London: Robert Edmund Taylor.
386:. By his marriage in 1770 to
253:and printed in the Society's
16:Scottish inventor (1735-1820)
855:Fellows of the Royal Society
699:. London: Faber & Faber.
7:
298:, and iron, which could be
10:
876:
599:. London: John Stockdale.
438:Keir is remembered by the
255:Philosophical Transactions
578:A Dictionary of Chemistry
549:"Brief History of Tipton"
285:engineering works at Soho
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112:
105:
97:
79:
71:
53:
28:
21:
440:Lunar Society Moonstones
412:public dinner on 14 July
366:History of Staffordshire
352:area, on the borders of
805:Scottish industrialists
185:University of Edinburgh
92:University of Edinburgh
662:10.1098/rsnr.1967.0013
485:(2002), 78–82 90–1 94.
322:
266:Dictionnaire de Chymie
138:
695:Uglow, Jenny (2002).
678:Timmins, Sam (1899).
637:James Keir Priestley.
430:Honours and memorials
320:
137:
593:Keir, James (1791).
575:Keir, James (1777).
555:on 15 September 2012
447:References and notes
280:at Boulton's house.
815:Scottish geologists
461:"Keir, James"
820:Scottish inventors
323:
287:, Birmingham near
139:
825:Scottish soldiers
810:Scottish chemists
212:Marquis of Granby
181:Royal High School
171:Keir was born in
130:
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107:Scientific career
84:Royal High School
39:20 September 1735
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327:Joseph Priestley
321:Joseph Priestley
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619:Further reading
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274:Matthew Boulton
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57:11 October 1820
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388:Susanna Harvey
251:George Fordyce
249:by his friend
189:Erasmus Darwin
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196:61st Regiment
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173:Stirlingshire
167:Life and work
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157:Lunar Society
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153:industrialist
151:, geologist,
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721:. Retrieved
717:the original
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557:. Retrieved
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59:(1820-10-11)
800:Anglo-Scots
780:1820 deaths
775:1735 births
753:Keir, James
749:Lee, Sidney
733:Attribution
655:: 144–154.
601:james keir.
305:Muntz metal
231:Stourbridge
200:West Indies
72:Nationality
769:Categories
527:Soho House
481:J. Ellis,
408:Thomas Day
394:and later
384:Charlemont
332:phlogiston
289:Handsworth
278:James Watt
177:James Lind
161:Birmingham
142:James Keir
35:1735-09-20
23:James Keir
671:143437338
559:7 January
257:in 1776.
227:Amblecote
118:geologist
88:Edinburgh
419:(1803).
396:Abberley
350:Tividale
216:Polybius
208:treatise
122:inventor
75:Scottish
47:Scotland
746::
262:Macquer
243:alkalis
239:Bewdley
235:vitriol
149:chemist
116:chemist
723:16 May
690:: 1–4.
669:
392:Geneva
358:Tipton
354:Dudley
312:Tipton
300:forged
113:Fields
98:Awards
667:S2CID
325:When
237:near
229:near
725:2008
591:See
561:2014
494:See
371:Sir
356:and
296:zinc
54:Died
29:Born
755:".
657:doi
364:'s
342:as
264:'s
159:of
145:FRS
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688:24
686:.
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653:22
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86:,
45:,
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37:)
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
