363:
2124:
2211:
351:
631:, stating that it was just what he recommended in the early 1980s: "You've got to have more oil, you've got to have more coal, you've got to have more of everything," Watt said. "You've got to have more conservation too, but ... solar energy and wind energy—they're just teeny infant portions . You're not going to run the world with solar energy by the year 2001, or 2002, or 2010."
494:, attracting large crowds. In April 1983, Watt banned the concerts, asserting that "rock bands" who had performed on the Mall on Independence Day in 1981 and 1982 had encouraged drug use and alcoholism and had attracted "the wrong element", who would subsequently rob attendees of similar events. Watt then announced that
414:
Watt proposed that 80 million acres (320,000 km) of undeveloped land in the United States all be opened for drilling and mining by 2000. The area leased to coal mining quintupled during his term as
Secretary of the Interior. Watt boasted that he leased "a billion acres" (4 million km) of coastal
237:
His tenure as
Secretary of the Interior was controversial primarily because he was perceived as hostile to environmentalism. Watt opened up nearly all of America's coastal waters to oil and gas drilling, widened access to coal on federal lands, and eased restrictions on strip-mining. His proposals to
465:
corrected the error, and Moyers apologized. "I never said it. Never believed it. Never even thought it," Watt later wrote of the statement. "I know no
Christian who believes or preaches such error. The Bible commands conservation—that we as Christians be careful stewards of the land and resources
406:
which aimed at increasing the area of wildlife refuges and other protected land, easing regulations of oil and mining, and recommending lease of wilderness and shore lands such as Santa Monica Bay to explore and develop oil and gas. Watt resisted accepting donation of private land to be used for
33:
334:, a public interest law firm "dedicated to individual liberty, the right to own and use property, limited and ethical government and economic freedom". A number of attorneys who worked for Watt at the firm later became high-ranking officers of the federal government, including
238:
sell off federal lands failed due to extensive opposition. In 1983, he resigned after controversially remarking that a panel reviewing his coal-leasing policies had "every kind of mixture—I have a Black. I have a woman, two Jews and a cripple."
446:, whatever it is we have to manage with a skill to leave the resources needed for future generations." One apocryphal quotation attributed to Watt is: "After the last tree is felled, Christ will come back." Glenn Scherer, writing for
1535:
502:, a friend and an endorser of President Reagan and a contributor to the Republican Party, would perform at the Independence Day celebration at the mall in 1983. During the ensuing controversy,
1079:
402:
at the time. Environmental groups accused Watt of reducing funding for environmental programs, restructuring the department to decrease federal regulatory power, wanting to eliminate the
1421:
1298:
442:
Christian faith when discussing his method of environmental management. Speaking before
Congress, he once said, "I do not know how many future generations we can count on before the
1644:
1504:
2682:
1159:
366:
President Reagan (center) during a meeting with members of the
President's Commission on Fiscal Accountability, including Watt (left) and David Linowes (right), in the
1177:
2123:
2474:
415:
waters, even though only a small portion of that area would ever be drilled. Watt once stated, "We will mine more, drill more, cut more timber." According to the
362:
1676:
528:
were fans of the band. Nancy Reagan apologized for Watt. The White House staff gave Watt a plaster foot with a hole for his "having shot himself in the foot".
394:, argued that Watt was one of the two most "intensely controversial and blatantly anti-environmental political appointees" in American history. The other was
2812:
2443:
1407:
1027:
2807:
1586:
1197:
2827:
2657:
242:
1087:
521:
said of The Beach Boys, "They're my friends, and I like their music." Watt apologized to The Beach Boys after learning that
President Reagan and
1447:
2797:
958:
934:"Cracking down on mining pollution – environmental lawyer Thomas Galloway develops Applicant/Violator System to find violators of mining law"
399:
2802:
551:, Watt said, "If you want an example of the failure of socialism, don't go to Russia, come to America and go to the Indian reservations."
1740:
1280:
1229:
603:
587:
2762:
506:, lead singer of The Grass Roots, stated that he felt "highly insulted" by Watt's remarks, which he termed "nothing but un-American."
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1473:
1607:
2787:
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2155:
2331:
2244:
1863:
1837:
1828:
1788:
375:
48:
567:
with his description of a department coal leasing panel: "I have a black, a woman, two Jews and a cripple. And we have talent."
2777:
2757:
2362:
1249:
842:
1718:
1363:
865:
2555:
759:
544:
magazine listed ten Watt controversies on the back cover of their
October 1982 issue, under the title "Watt... We Worry!"
2387:
2191:
383:
1110:
2782:
2275:
813:
694:
570:
Within three weeks of making this statement, on
October 9, 1983, he announced his resignation at deputy undersecretary
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2772:
2524:
1010:
391:
2632:
2412:
2219:
1923:
483:
403:
331:
308:
153:
1562:
2601:
1853:
522:
416:
1385:
1324:
894:
461:
article, also attributed the comment to Watt. After it was discovered that the alleged quotation did not exist,
2300:
2168:
1883:
293:
219:
1627:
1594:
1953:
1583:
1053:
628:
2817:
2164:
2148:
1858:
1008:
Kempthorne Wins 2007 Rubber Dodo Award : Protects Fewer
Species Than Any Interior Secretary in History
231:
223:
788:
1821:
1194:
968:
2707:
320:
726:
548:
933:
218:(January 31, 1938 – May 27, 2023) was an American lawyer, lobbyist, and civil servant who served as
2822:
2621:
2432:
1888:
1756:
560:
324:
319:. In 1969, Watt was appointed the deputy assistant secretary of water and power development at the
316:
1645:"James Watt, Interior secretary under Reagan, dies at 85 after spending later years in Wickenburg"
1211:
419:, Watt had the record, among those who served as Secretary of the Interior, of listing the fewest
2141:
2133:
241:
After resigning from government, Watt became a lobbyist for builders seeking contracts with the
1958:
1948:
1814:
1263:
595:
536:
In early 1982, Congress voted to cite Watt in contempt due to refusing to hand over documents.
424:
250:
435:
appointee, who had not listed a single species in the 15-month period since his confirmation.
983:
659:
387:
273:
194:
1806:
758:
517:
in 1978, "obviously ... did not feel the group attracted the wrong element." Vice
President
2752:
2747:
2395:
2345:
2308:
2063:
1973:
1963:
1798:
1752:
1028:"Evangelicals love Donald Trump for many reasons, but one of them is especially terrifying"
453:, erroneously attributed this remark to 1981 testimony by Watt before Congress. Journalist
395:
382:
subsequently confirmed the nomination. Greg Wetstone, the chief environment counsel at the
379:
277:
93:
1677:"Interior Secretary James Watt's minister says the controversial Reagan... - UPI Archives"
1481:
1386:"556. James G Watt, US Secretary of the Interior. Simpson's Contemporary Quotations. 1988"
8:
2615:
2513:
2043:
1611:
1540:
1509:
765:
635:
312:
198:
2646:
2544:
2420:
2401:
2008:
1933:
1913:
1903:
1692:
Kraft, Michael E., and Norman J. Vig. "Environmental policy in the Reagan presidency."
1368:
599:
564:
408:
297:
269:, the son of Lois Mae (née Williams) and William Gaius Watt, a lawyer and homesteader.
254:
2696:
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2451:
2283:
2264:
2199:
1978:
1878:
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1714:
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1401:
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615:
571:
518:
439:
1246:
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2532:
2457:
2073:
2048:
2013:
1998:
1968:
1943:
1928:
1893:
1654:
689:
610:
count of withholding documents. On March 12, 1996, he was sentenced to five years'
575:
495:
491:
2671:
2569:
2538:
2351:
2320:
2108:
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2003:
1918:
1898:
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1267:
1253:
1215:
1201:
963:
623:
598:
and accused of making false statements before a federal grand jury investigating
479:
428:
301:
272:
In 1957, he married Leilani Bomgardner; they had two children. Watt attended the
1007:
2609:
2507:
2289:
2227:
2023:
1983:
1868:
540:
475:
447:
432:
367:
315:
Natural Resources Committee and Environmental Pollution Advisory Panel of the
226:
from 1981 to 1983. He was described as "anti-environmentalist" and was one of
2741:
2575:
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2370:
2233:
2171:
2078:
2038:
2028:
2018:
1993:
1014:
738:
487:
443:
355:
266:
227:
125:
69:
684:
2376:
2252:
2098:
2053:
2033:
1848:
866:"Republican-leaning U.S. Chamber of Commerce buys ads supporting Democrats"
525:
510:
499:
281:
202:
81:
1350:
2715:
2563:
2314:
2258:
2113:
2093:
2083:
1988:
1908:
896:
James G. Watt (1938 – ) American Former Secretary of the Interior Summary
607:
454:
339:
335:
920:
2665:
2501:
2463:
2426:
2103:
1938:
1697:
1536:"'He's better than this,' says Thomas Barrack, Trump's loyal whisperer"
586:
After leaving the Department of the Interior in 1983, Watt lobbied the
358:
and his Cabinet in 1981, including Watt (back row, sixth from the left)
257:
at HUD. The following year, he was sentenced to five years' probation.
1761:
882:
253:
for making false statements before a federal grand jury investigating
611:
514:
503:
590:. Ten years later in 1995, Watt was indicted on 18 counts of felony
330:
In 1977, Watt became the first president and chief legal officer of
760:"James Watt, combative interior secretary under Reagan, dies at 85"
2163:
350:
647:
591:
420:
246:
142:
1765:
32:
1563:"Former Secretary of the Interior James "Jim" Watt dies at 85"
614:
and ordered to pay a fine of $ 5,000 and perform 500 hours of
1836:
843:"Nomination of James G. Watt To Be Secretary of the Interior"
606:
at that time. On January 2, 1996, Watt pleaded guilty to one
727:"James G. Watt, Interior Secretary Under Reagan, Dies at 85"
1649:
1080:"Bill Moyers Apologizes to James Watt for Apocryphal Quote"
1208:
1729:
Wolf, Ron. 1981. "God, James Watt, and the Public Land".
1287:. Washington. Associated Press. July 5, 1983. p. 27.
390:, who subsequently served as director of advocacy at the
1448:"Interior Secretary James Watt drew laughs when he told"
1260:
245:(HUD). In 1995, he was indicted on 18 counts of felony
1422:"Watt's Off-the-Cuff Remark Sparks Storm of Criticism"
374:
In 1980, President-elect Reagan nominated Watt as his
1299:"House Subcommittee Votes To Cite Watt for Contempt"
323:. In 1975, Watt was appointed vice chairman of the
1706:
1388:. Archived from the original on September 20, 2000
678:
676:
674:
1218:by Polity Media, Inc. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
345:
2739:
1505:"Watt Submits Resignation as Interior Secretary"
1406:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1364:"Watt Sees Reservations As Failure of Socialism"
243:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
2602:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
1709:Caught in the conflict: my life with James Watt
671:
300:of Wyoming, whom he met through Simpson's son,
1372:, January 19, 1983. Retrieved on May 29, 2010.
685:"A look back at Reagan's environmental record"
2149:
1822:
292:Watt's first political job was as an aide to
1160:"Watt Outlaws Rock Music on Mall for July 4"
1134:"July 4: Day of Music, Parades, Fireworks",
864:Gold, Matea; Geiger, Kim (October 8, 2010).
559:A controversy erupted after a speech to the
61:January 23, 1981 – November 8, 1983
2813:University of Wyoming College of Law alumni
1741:"Going, Going...! Land sale of the century"
1704:
975:
953:
951:
949:
947:
604:Department of Housing and Urban Development
588:Department of Housing and Urban Development
2475:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
2156:
2142:
1829:
1815:
1584:Crimes Against Nature : Rolling Stone
1351:"Doug Gilford's Mad Cover Site – Mad #234"
1270:by Yuddy, LLC. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
1236:. Washington. Associated Press. p. 7.
1221:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
863:
627:, Watt applauded the energy policy of the
31:
2808:United States secretaries of the interior
1838:United States Secretaries of the Interior
1623:
1621:
921:James G. Watt Summary Review and Analysis
1138:, Washington, D.C., July 3, 1982, p. D1.
1026:Mencimer, Stephanie (January 23, 2020).
1025:
1003:
1001:
944:
837:
835:
833:
831:
786:
752:
750:
748:
724:
361:
349:
260:
2828:Wyoming politicians convicted of crimes
1789:United States Secretary of the Interior
1530:
1502:
1380:
1378:
1357:
1141:
1051:
513:, which had invited them to perform in
49:United States Secretary of the Interior
2740:
2444:Secretary of Health and Human Services
1618:
1555:
1230:"Newton concert goes off despite rain"
1195:Campaign contributions of Wayne Newton
1077:
981:
931:
756:
682:
531:
2798:Reagan administration cabinet members
2593:
2183:
2137:
1810:
1281:"Newton performance dampened by rain"
1273:
1227:
1178:"Watt Sets Off Uproar With Music Ban"
998:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
828:
745:
697:from the original on December 2, 2021
469:
1739:magazine article (August 23, 1982).
1713:. Eugene: Harvest House Publishers.
1628:"Watt applauds Bush energy strategy"
1608:"CNN – U.S. Briefs – March 12, 1996"
1375:
1325:"HOUSE PANEL FINDS WATT IN CONTEMPT"
1108:
725:McFadden, Robert D. (June 9, 2023).
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
563:in September 1983, when Watt mocked
427:. The record was later surpassed by
2803:Reagan administration controversies
1705:Watt, Leilani; Janssen, Al (1984).
1503:Hoffman, David (October 10, 1983).
1052:Scherer, Glenn (October 27, 2004).
384:House Energy and Commerce Committee
13:
1686:
967:. October 24, 1983. Archived from
903:
787:Andersen, Kurt (August 23, 1982).
634:In his later years, Watt lived in
574:'s ranch, near President Reagan's
14:
2839:
2763:20th-century American politicians
2594:
1746:
1474:"James G. Watt Papers, 1958–2013"
984:"Ronald Reagan: Domestic Affairs"
789:"Always Right and Ready to Fight"
709:
466:entrusted to us by the Creator."
392:Natural Resources Defense Council
2683:Ambassador to the United Nations
2633:Director of Central Intelligence
2209:
2122:
1078:Strupp, Joe (February 9, 2005).
883:Mountain States Legal Foundation
816:. Miller Center. October 4, 2016
683:Little, Amanda (June 11, 2004).
653:
438:Watt periodically mentioned his
404:Land and Water Conservation Fund
332:Mountain States Legal Foundation
311:, he served as Secretary to the
2788:People from Wickenburg, Arizona
2768:Carter administration personnel
1669:
1637:
1600:
1577:
1524:
1496:
1466:
1440:
1414:
1343:
1317:
1291:
1240:
1188:
1170:
1128:
1102:
1071:
1045:
1019:
982:Cannon, Lou (October 4, 2016).
925:
509:The Beach Boys stated that the
417:Center for Biological Diversity
172:
16:American politician (1938–2023)
887:
876:
857:
806:
780:
757:Langer, Emily (June 8, 2023).
646:Watt died on May 27, 2023, in
554:
346:U.S. Secretary of the Interior
220:U.S. Secretary of the Interior
1:
2778:Ford administration personnel
2758:20th-century American lawyers
1478:Rocky Mountain Online Archive
665:
629:George W. Bush administration
581:
1109:Watt, James (May 12, 2005).
224:Ronald Reagan administration
7:
2494:Secretary of Transportation
2184:
1694:Political Science Quarterly
1228:Ahern, Tim (July 5, 1983).
1111:"The Religious Left's Lies"
10:
2844:
2708:Counselor to the President
2207:
959:"The Legacy of James Watt"
321:Department of the Interior
2783:People from Lusk, Wyoming
2706:
2681:
2656:
2631:
2600:
2589:
2554:
2523:
2492:
2473:
2442:
2411:
2386:
2361:
2332:Secretary of the Interior
2330:
2299:
2274:
2245:Secretary of the Treasury
2243:
2218:
2190:
2179:
2120:
1844:
1795:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1266:February 6, 2010, at the
1252:December 4, 2008, at the
1214:February 5, 2010, at the
1200:January 17, 2013, at the
1054:"The Godly Must Be Crazy"
658:Watt was a member of the
621:In a 2001 interview with
549:Satellite Program Network
547:In an interview with the
376:Secretary of the Interior
287:
209:
190:
182:
159:
149:
132:
108:
103:
99:
87:
75:
65:
54:
46:
42:
30:
23:
2793:Protestants from Wyoming
2773:Federal Power Commission
2363:Secretary of Agriculture
1757:American Heritage Center
932:Lipske, Michael (1995).
814:"James Watt (1981–1983)"
641:
561:U.S. Chamber of Commerce
482:separately performed at
474:From 1980 through 1982,
325:Federal Power Commission
317:U.S. Chamber of Commerce
1565:. Wyolife. June 8, 2023
2556:Secretary of Education
1696:99.3 (1984): 415-439.
1589:March 6, 2010, at the
1084:Editor & Publisher
596:obstruction of justice
425:Endangered Species Act
371:
359:
251:obstruction of justice
230:'s most controversial
2388:Secretary of Commerce
1090:on September 27, 2007
1013:December 8, 2012, at
845:. Presidency UCSB.edu
660:Assemblies of God USA
388:Reagan administration
365:
353:
274:University of Wyoming
261:Early life and career
195:University of Wyoming
2658:Trade Representative
2396:Malcolm Baldrige Jr.
2346:William P. Clark Jr.
2309:William French Smith
2276:Secretary of Defense
1753:James G. Watt papers
1614:on October 29, 2004.
1534:(October 11, 2017).
1454:. September 21, 1983
1428:. September 21, 1983
1247:"The Beach Boys Bio"
650:, at the age of 85.
423:protected under the
380:United States Senate
2818:Wyoming Republicans
2616:James C. Miller III
2525:Secretary of Energy
2514:James H. Burnley IV
2433:Ann Dore McLaughlin
1541:The Washington Post
1510:The Washington Post
1331:. February 26, 1982
1305:. February 10, 1982
1303:The Washington Post
1164:The Washington Post
1136:The Washington Post
1115:The Washington Post
766:The Washington Post
636:Wickenburg, Arizona
532:Other controversies
2647:William H. Webster
2545:John S. Herrington
2421:Raymond J. Donovan
2413:Secretary of Labor
2402:William Verity Jr.
2220:Secretary of State
1774:Political offices
1484:on January 8, 2009
1369:The New York Times
1329:The New York Times
731:The New York Times
600:influence peddling
565:affirmative action
470:Beach Boys concert
398:, director of the
372:
360:
298:Milward L. Simpson
255:influence peddling
165:Leilani Bomgardner
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2697:Vernon A. Walters
2691:Jeane Kirkpatrick
2585:
2584:
2452:Richard Schweiker
2284:Caspar Weinberger
2265:Nicholas F. Brady
2200:George H. W. Bush
2131:
2130:
1805:
1804:
1796:Succeeded by
1720:978-0-89081-411-6
971:on March 4, 2008.
938:National Wildlife
870:Los Angeles Times
616:community service
572:Thomas J. Barrack
519:George H. W. Bush
457:, relying on the
440:Dispensationalist
284:degree in 1962.
278:bachelor's degree
265:Watt was born in
213:
212:
2835:
2641:William J. Casey
2591:
2590:
2533:James B. Edwards
2458:Margaret Heckler
2301:Attorney General
2213:
2212:
2181:
2180:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2126:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1779:Preceded by
1771:
1770:
1724:
1712:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1655:Associated Press
1641:
1635:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1610:. Archived from
1604:
1598:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1532:Kranish, Michael
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1480:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1405:
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1373:
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1336:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1277:
1271:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1234:Gettysburg Times
1225:
1219:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1184:. April 7, 1983.
1174:
1168:
1167:
1166:. April 6, 1983.
1156:
1139:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1086:. Archived from
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1023:
1017:
1005:
996:
995:
993:
991:
979:
973:
972:
955:
942:
941:
929:
923:
918:
901:
900:
891:
885:
880:
874:
873:
861:
855:
854:
852:
850:
839:
826:
825:
823:
821:
810:
804:
803:
801:
799:
784:
778:
777:
775:
773:
762:
754:
743:
742:
722:
707:
706:
704:
702:
680:
576:Rancho del Cielo
492:Washington, D.C.
486:concerts at the
484:Independence Day
294:Republican Party
216:James Gaius Watt
176:
174:
139:
123:January 31, 1938
122:
120:
113:James Gaius Watt
104:Personal details
90:
78:
59:
35:
21:
20:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2823:Wyoming lawyers
2738:
2737:
2736:
2727:
2702:
2677:
2672:Clayton Yeutter
2652:
2627:
2596:
2581:
2570:William Bennett
2550:
2539:Donald P. Hodel
2519:
2488:
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276:, earning a
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138:(2023-05-27)
136:May 27, 2023
89:Succeeded by
82:Cecil Andrus
56:
18:
2753:2023 deaths
2748:1938 births
2724:(1985–1989)
2718:(1981–1985)
2716:Edwin Meese
2699:(1985–1989)
2693:(1981–1985)
2674:(1985–1989)
2668:(1981–1985)
2649:(1987–1989)
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2624:(1988–1989)
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2572:(1985–1988)
2566:(1981–1984)
2564:Terrel Bell
2547:(1985–1989)
2541:(1983–1985)
2535:(1981–1983)
2516:(1987–1989)
2510:(1983–1987)
2504:(1981–1983)
2485:(1981–1989)
2466:(1985–1989)
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2454:(1981–1983)
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2373:(1981–1986)
2354:(1985–1989)
2348:(1983–1985)
2342:(1981–1983)
2323:(1988–1989)
2317:(1985–1988)
2315:Edwin Meese
2311:(1981–1985)
2292:(1987–1989)
2286:(1981–1987)
2267:(1988–1989)
2261:(1985–1988)
2259:James Baker
2255:(1981–1985)
2236:(1982–1989)
2230:(1981–1982)
2202:(1981–1989)
2174:(1981–1989)
1762:Appearances
1259:website of
1207:website of
1037:January 23,
608:misdemeanor
555:Resignation
455:Bill Moyers
386:during the
340:Gale Norton
336:Ann Veneman
307:A lifelong
77:Preceded by
2742:Categories
2666:Bill Brock
2622:Joe Wright
2502:Drew Lewis
2464:Otis Bowen
2427:Bill Brock
2089:Kempthorne
1864:McClelland
1793:1981–1983
1392:October 4,
666:References
582:Later life
523:First Lady
354:President
309:Republican
154:Republican
119:1938-01-31
2169:President
2109:Bernhardt
1964:Ballinger
1954:Hitchcock
1261:yuddy.com
1120:April 21,
1094:April 21,
1063:April 21,
739:0362-4331
701:April 20,
612:probation
515:Leningrad
504:Rob Grill
496:Las Vegas
191:Education
66:President
57:In office
47:43rd
2044:Hathaway
1959:Garfield
1939:H. Smith
1914:Kirkwood
1904:Chandler
1889:Browning
1874:C. Smith
1869:Thompson
1854:McKennan
1733:83(3):65
1587:Archived
1547:June 15,
1516:June 15,
1402:cite web
1335:July 19,
1309:July 19,
1264:Archived
1250:Archived
1212:Archived
1209:NEWSMEAT
1198:Archived
1011:Archived
695:Archived
451:magazine
296:Senator
183:Children
2185:Cabinet
2165:Cabinet
2114:Haaland
2094:Salazar
2079:Babbitt
2014:Chapman
1944:Francis
1755:at the
1731:Audubon
1661:June 9,
1569:June 8,
1488:July 7,
990:June 8,
849:June 8,
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