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James E. McDonald

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288:"the scientific world at large is in for a shock when it becomes aware of the astonishing nature of the UFO phenomenon and its bewildering complexity. I make that terse comment well aware that it invites easy ridicule; but intellectual honesty demands that I make clear that my two years' study convinces me that in the UFO problem lie scientific and technological questions that will challenge the ability of the world's outstanding scientists to explain - as soon as they start examining the facts. the scientific community has been casually ignoring as nonsense a matter of extraordinary scientific importance." 317:
should be discouraged. Condon's conclusions about UFOs were generally accepted by most scientists and the mainstream news media. McDonald, however, wrote detailed critiques and rebuttals of Condon's conclusions regarding UFOs. McDonald was particularly disturbed by the fact that, while Condon in his foreword claimed that all UFO reports could be explained as hoaxes or misidentifications of man-made or natural objects or phenomena, the Report itself marked over 30% of the cases it investigated as "unexplained".
1743: 254:, on October 5, 1966. Entitled "The Problem of UFOs", McDonald said that scientific scrutiny should be directed towards the small number of "unknowns", which he defined as a UFO reported by a "credible and trained observer as machine-like 'craft' which remained unidentified in spite of careful investigation." He noted that the vast majority of UFOs could become 374:—whose district contained factories that would help build the SST—tried to discredit McDonald by referring to his UFO research. Although McDonald defended his UFO work and noted that his evidence regarding the SST had nothing to do with UFOs, Conte stated that anyone who "believes in little green men" was, in his opinion, not a credible witness. 39: 316:
When the Condon Committee issued its final report in 1969, Condon wrote in the foreword to the report that, based on the committee's investigations, his conclusion was that there was nothing unusual about UFO reports; thus further scientific research into the UFO phenomenon was not worthwhile and
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for a UFO hearing in 1968. In part, he stated his opinion that "UFOs are entirely real and we do not know what they are, because we have laughed them out of court. The possibility that these are extraterrestrial devices, that we are dealing with surveillance from some advanced technology, is a
281:, who arranged for McDonald to speak to the UN's Outer Space Affairs Group on June 7, 1967. Additionally in 1967, McDonald noted, "There is no sensible alternative to the utterly shocking hypothesis that UFOs are extraterrestrial probes". 495:
McDonald, James. E. (1968). Statement on Unidentified Flying Objects submitted to the House Committee on Science and Astronautics at July 29, 1968, Symposium on Unidentified Flying Objects, Rayburn Bldg., Washington,
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UFO symposium. There he delivered a lecture, "Science in Default", in which he discussed a handful of UFO cases which seemed, he thought, to defy interpretation by conventional science. Ufologist
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In his Statement on Unidentified Objects to the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, McDonald made the following remarks regarding types of UFO accounts.
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supported McDonald to conduct his own UFO research, ostensibly to study the idea that some UFOs were misidentified clouds. He was able to examine the files of
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Historical Documents from the Phillip Klass collection of Robert Sheaffer concerning McDonald and Klass
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Statement on UFOs by James McDonald to the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, 1968 (PDF)
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called the lecture "one of the most powerful scientific defenses of UFO reality ever mounted".
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During the 1960s McDonald campaigned in support of expanding UFO studies, and promoted the
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for a year, then in 1953, helped establish a meteorology and atmospherics program at the
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McDonald's first detailed, public discussion of UFOs was in a lecture given before an
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On June 13, 1971, McDonald was found dead with a head wound in a desert area, with a
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Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act (UADPA), USA law (2023)
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Following a widely publicized series of mass UFO sightings in southern
440:. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 134th Meeting. 258:, and, in his estimation, only about 1% of UFOs were true "unknowns". 38: 1627: 1531: 1491: 203: 148: 107: 103: 573: 381: 298: 1519: 1416:
National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (1956–1980)
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
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Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (2007–2012)
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Investigation of UFO reports by the United States government
211: 90: 198:, and afterwards, married Betsy Hunt. McDonald received a 378: 588: 333: 574:
An actual Project Blue Book Report from Dr. McDonald
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In 1970 McDonald appeared before a committee of the
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
1446:Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (current) 512:The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial 427: 1759: 1724:United States Congress hearings on UFOs (2022) 151:. He is best known for his research regarding 147:(May 7, 1920 – June 13, 1971) was an American 604: 305:in late 1966, named after committee chairman 174:as a plausible explanation of UFO phenomena. 611: 597: 403: 401: 37: 472:The UFO Conspiracy: The First Forty Years 421: 419: 698:1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund 688:1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg 425: 177: 504: 502: 468: 398: 349: 292: 1760: 834:Barney and Betty Hill abduction (1961) 416: 338:In 1969, McDonald was a speaker at an 592: 508: 301:, the federal government created the 216:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 693:1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel 499: 407: 366:. During that testimony Congressman 330:possibility I take very seriously". 1778:University of Nebraska Omaha alumni 541:"JAMES M'DONALD, A CLOUD PHYSICIST" 20:. For the Canadian politician, see 13: 1391:Flying Saucer Working Party (1950) 1048:High-altitude object events (2023) 677:Ezekiel's Wheel (circa 622–570 BC) 579:Publications of Dr. James McDonald 533: 14: 1834: 1451:NASA's UAP independent study team 562: 321:1968: Congressional UFO testimony 118:Institute for Atmospheric Physics 1808:20th-century American physicists 1742: 1741: 410:"Congressional Hearings on UFOs" 182:McDonald was born and raised in 1708:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 889:John Lennon UFO incident (1974) 703:JosĂ© Bonilla observation (1883) 271:Wright Patterson Air Force Base 248:American Meteorological Society 128:American Meteorological Society 1813:Suicides by firearm in Arizona 1441:Identification studies of UFOs 919:Valentich disappearance (1978) 904:Petrozavodsk phenomenon (1977) 784:McMinnville photographs (1950) 656:List of reported UFO sightings 489: 462: 241: 218:in 1945 before completing his 18:James E. McDonald (politician) 16:For the Texas politician, see 1: 1803:People from Duluth, Minnesota 1798:University of Arizona faculty 1793:University of Chicago faculty 1401:Project Blue Book (1952–1970) 1081:Aztec, New Mexico hoax (1949) 1076:Twin Falls, Idaho hoax (1947) 929:Robert Taylor incident (1979) 894:Travis Walton incident (1975) 839:Lonnie Zamora incident (1964) 734:Ă„ngelholm UFO memorial (1946) 1788:Iowa State University alumni 944:Cash–Landrum incident (1980) 844:Solway Firth Spaceman (1964) 819:Lakenheath-Bentwaters (1956) 311:National Bureau of Standards 7: 1703:List of scientific skeptics 1431:Project Condign (1997–2000) 1374:The Flying Saucers Are Real 934:Val Johnson incident (1979) 884:Pascagoula Abduction (1973) 426:McDonald, James E. (1972). 309:, a former director of the 172:extraterrestrial hypothesis 10: 1839: 1396:Project Magnet (1950–1962) 1053:David Grusch claims (2023) 824:AntĂ´nio Villas Boas (1957) 475:. Barnes and Noble Books. 438:UFO's, A Scientific Debate 391: 334:1969: "Science in Default" 325:McDonald spoke before the 226:in 1951. He taught at the 15: 1737: 1716: 1695: 1667: 1605: 1562: 1555: 1510: 1459: 1421:Condon Report (1966–1968) 1360: 1315: 1269: 1118: 1101:Alien Autopsy (1995 film) 1061: 997: 914:Zanfretta incident (1978) 814:Kelly–Hopkinsville (1955) 721: 669: 648: 639: 626: 256:Identified flying objects 113: 99: 86: 67: 45: 36: 29: 1071:Maury Island hoax (1947) 969:Voronezh incident (1989) 954:Trans-en-Provence (1981) 949:Rendlesham Forest (1980) 879:Finnish Air Force (1969) 809:Flatwoods monster (1952) 661:Sightings in outer space 618: 515:. Visible Ink. pp.  446:Cornell University Press 263:Office of Naval Research 214:in meteorology from the 1319:extraterrestrial beings 1086:Southern England (1967) 1014:Campeche, Mexico (2004) 974:Belgian UFO wave (1990) 804:Washington, D.C. (1952) 799:Nash-Fortenberry (1952) 682:Airship of Clonmacnoise 469:Randles, Jenny (1987). 436:, Thornton Page (ed.). 1406:Robertson Panel (1953) 959:Japan Air Lines (1986) 924:Kaikoura Lights (1978) 774:Gorman Dogfight (1948) 708:Airship wave (1896–97) 509:Clark, Jerome (1998). 356:United States Congress 327:United States Congress 1426:Institute 22 (1978–?) 1411:Ruppelt report (1956) 1386:Project Grudge (1949) 1096:Gulf Breeze (1987–88) 1043:Jetpack man (2020–21) 1019:O'Hare Airport (2006) 989:Phoenix Lights (1997) 909:Operação Prato (1977) 794:Lubbock Lights (1951) 769:Chiles-Whitted (1948) 739:Kenneth Arnold (1947) 232:University of Arizona 228:University of Chicago 224:Iowa State University 178:Early life and career 161:University of Arizona 145:James Edward McDonald 94:Iowa State University 1717:Government & Law 1638:Government responses 1119:Sightings by country 1038:UFO incidents (2014) 429:"Science in Default" 360:supersonic transport 350:Later life and death 293:The Condon Committee 1512:Conspiracy theories 1502:Trotskyist-Posadism 1381:Project Sign (1948) 1352:Reptilian humanoids 1009:UFO incident (2004) 979:Ariel School (1994) 874:Jimmy Carter (1969) 869:Shag Harbour (1967) 208:University of Omaha 1467:Ancient astronauts 1091:Majestic 12 (1985) 1036:Theodore Roosevelt 964:Ilkley Moor (1987) 864:Falcon Lake (1967) 729:Los Angeles (1942) 545:The New York Times 412:. ufoevidence.org. 277:Secretary General 234:as a professor of 192:United States Navy 22:James E. MacDonald 1755: 1754: 1663: 1662: 1618:Cattle mutilation 1472:Cryptoterrestrial 1114: 1113: 1106:Morristown (2009) 749:Flight 105 (1947) 641:Claimed sightings 526:978-1-57859-029-2 482:978-1-56619-195-1 267:Project Blue Book 186:. He served as a 184:Duluth, Minnesota 142: 141: 60:Duluth, Minnesota 31:James E. McDonald 1830: 1745: 1744: 1564:Abduction claims 1560: 1559: 1482:Interdimensional 1477:Extraterrestrial 1342:Little green men 1317:Types of alleged 1063:Confirmed hoaxes 854:Kecksburg (1965) 829:Levelland (1957) 670:Pre-20th century 646: 645: 613: 606: 599: 590: 589: 556: 555: 553: 552: 537: 531: 530: 506: 497: 493: 487: 486: 466: 460: 459: 442:Ithaca, New York 431: 423: 414: 413: 405: 303:Condon Committee 252:Washington, D.C. 74: 55: 53: 41: 27: 26: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1733: 1712: 1691: 1659: 1623:Close encounter 1601: 1551: 1506: 1455: 1356: 1318: 1311: 1307:Space jellyfish 1302:Mystery airship 1297:Green fireballs 1265: 1110: 1057: 1024:Alderney (2007) 993: 984:Varginha (1996) 717: 665: 635: 622: 617: 565: 560: 559: 550: 548: 539: 538: 534: 527: 507: 500: 494: 490: 483: 467: 463: 456: 424: 417: 408:Berliner, Don. 406: 399: 394: 368:Silvio O. Conte 352: 336: 323: 295: 244: 210:in 1942 and an 180: 131: 126: 121: 114:Organization(s) 106: 82: 76: 72: 63: 57: 51: 49: 32: 25: 12: 11: 5: 1836: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1731: 1726: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1677: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1646: 1645: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1568: 1566: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1516: 1514: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1497:Time-traveller 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1370: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1323: 1321: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 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Retrieved 547:. 1971-06-16 544: 535: 517:368, 370–371 511: 491: 471: 464: 437: 386:suicide note 376: 353: 344:Jerome Clark 337: 324: 315: 296: 283: 261:In 1967 the 260: 250:assembly in 245: 196:World War II 181: 169: 144: 143: 73:(1971-06-13) 1823:1971 deaths 1768:1920 births 1556:Involvement 1376:(1947–1950) 1332:Grey aliens 1287:Foo fighter 1221:New Zealand 379:.38 caliber 364:ozone layer 242:UFO studies 236:meteorology 157:meteorology 56:May 7, 1920 1818:Ufologists 1762:Categories 1696:Skepticism 1655:Ufologists 1537:Dulce Base 1460:Hypotheses 1337:Insectoids 744:1947 craze 551:2023-01-30 434:Carl Sagan 52:1920-05-07 1680:Religions 1628:Contactee 1597:Insurance 1587:Narrative 1582:Claimants 1532:Bob Lazar 1492:Nazi UFOs 1196:Indonesia 1146:Australia 1141:Argentina 206:from the 204:chemistry 149:physicist 108:Ufologist 104:Physicist 87:Education 1747:Category 1613:Implants 1577:Entities 382:revolver 299:Michigan 1675:Fiction 1668:Culture 1572:History 1520:Area 51 1361:Studies 1156:Belgium 1151:Belarus 1136:Albania 649:General 631:Ufology 392:Sources 279:U Thant 194:during 190:in the 159:at the 1643:GEIPAN 1251:Sweden 1236:Russia 1231:Poland 1226:Norway 1211:Mexico 1186:Greece 1181:France 1166:Canada 1161:Brazil 1126:Africa 1007:Nimitz 684:(740s) 523:  479:  452:  165:Tucson 79:Tucson 1606:Other 1241:Spain 1216:Nepal 1206:Italy 1191:India 1171:China 432:. In 220:Ph.D. 133:NICAP 1685:list 1201:Iran 1034:USS 1005:USS 620:UFOs 521:ISBN 496:D.D. 477:ISBN 450:ISBN 212:M.S. 200:B.A. 153:UFOs 137:APRO 91:PhD. 68:Died 62:, US 46:Born 370:of 269:at 202:in 163:in 1764:: 543:. 519:. 501:^ 448:. 444:: 418:^ 400:^ 167:. 135:, 1247:) 1243:( 1132:) 1128:( 612:e 605:t 598:v 554:. 529:. 485:. 458:. 130:, 125:, 120:, 54:) 50:( 24:.

Index

James E. McDonald (politician)
James E. MacDonald

Duluth, Minnesota
Tucson
PhD.
Iowa State University
Physicist
Ufologist
Institute for Atmospheric Physics
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Meteorological Society
NICAP
APRO
physicist
UFOs
meteorology
University of Arizona
Tucson
extraterrestrial hypothesis
Duluth, Minnesota
cryptographer
United States Navy
World War II
B.A.
chemistry
University of Omaha
M.S.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ph.D.

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