Extraterrestrial UFO hypothesis

1592:(written primarily by military defense analysts) stated the conclusion regarding UFO phenomena, that a "single hypothesis sufficiently takes into account the facts and, for the most part, only calls for present-day science. It is the hypothesis of extraterrestrial visitors." The report noted issues with formulating the extraterrestrial hypothesis, likening its study to the study of meteorites, but concluded, that although it was far from the best scientific hypothesis, "strong presumptions exist in its favour". The report also concludes, that the studies it presents, "demonstrate the almost certain physical reality of completely unknown flying objects with remarkable flight performances and noiselessness, apparently operated by intelligent ... Secret craft definitely of earthly origins (drones, stealth aircraft, etc.) can only explain a minority of cases. If we go back far enough in time, we clearly perceive the limits of this explanation." 254: 1440: 961:, a group of scientists who quickly reviewed the Blue Book's best evidence, including motion pictures and an engineering report that concluded that the performance characteristics were beyond that of earthly craft. After two days' review, all cases were claimed to have conventional explanations. An official policy of public debunkery was recommended using the mass media and authority figures in order to influence public opinion and reduce the number of UFO reports. 1059:"The idea of benign or hostile space aliens from other planets visiting the Earth an emotional idea. There are two sorts of self-deception here: either accepting the idea of extraterrestrial visitation by space aliens in the face of very meager evidence because we want it to be true; or rejecting such an idea out of hand, in the absence of sufficient evidence, because we don't want it to be true. Each of these extremes is a serious impediment to the study of UFOs." 6244: 5412: 77: 1363:

and satellite observations. Participants would need to be agnostic toward any specific explanations with a primary goal of collecting enough data — including visual, infrared, radar and other possible observations — to eventually allow us to deduce the identity of such UAP. Following this agnostic approach, and relying upon sound scientific and peer-reviewed methods, would go a long way toward lifting the taboo in mainstream science.

1561:(February 28, 1960): "It is time for the truth to be brought out... Behind the scenes high-ranking Air Force officers are soberly concerned about the UFOs. However, through official secrecy and ridicule, many citizens are led to believe the unknown flying objects are nonsense... I urge immediate Congressional action to reduce the dangers from secrecy about unidentified flying objects." In 1962, in his letter of resignation from 36: 1457:

Swedish Air Intelligence Service... their answer was that some reliable and fully technically qualified people have reached the conclusion that 'these phenomena are obviously the result of a high technical skill which cannot be credited to any presently known culture on earth.' They are therefore assuming that these objects originate from some previously unknown or unidentified technology, possibly outside the earth."

6256: 179: 842:. When no aircraft emerged that seemed to account for what he had seen, Arnold quickly considered the possibility of the objects being extraterrestrial. On July 7, 1947, two stories came out where Arnold was raising the topic of possible extraterrestrial origins, both as his opinion and those who had written to him. In an Associated Press story, Arnold said he had received quantities of 1398:"Over the past 20 years a vast amount of evidence has been accumulating that bears on the existence of UFOs. Most of this is little known to the general public or to most scientists. But on the basis of the data and ordinary rules of evidence, as would be applied in civil or criminal courts, the physical reality of UFOs has been proved beyond a reasonable doubt." J A Harder 1485:, who headed the study and who also made many public statements supporting the ETH in succeeding years. At the study's conclusion in 1954, Oberth declared: "These objects (UFOs) are conceived and directed by intelligent beings of a very high order. They do not originate in our solar system, perhaps not in our galaxy." Soon afterwards, in an October 24, 1954, article in 949:. Immediately following the great UFO wave of 1952 and the military debunking of radar and visual sightings, plus jet interceptions over Washington, D.C. in August, the CIA's Office of Scientific Investigation took particular interest in UFOs. Though the ETH was mentioned, it was generally given little credence. However, others within the CIA, such as the 1071:"for many years, discussions of the UFO issue have remained narrowly polarized between advocates and adversaries of a single theory, namely the extraterrestrial hypothesis ... this fixation on the ETH has narrowed and impoverished the debate, precluding an examination of other possible theories for the phenomenon." 1406:

People have had a long-standing curiosity about extraterrestrial life. Aliens are the subject of numerous urban legends, including claims that they have long been present on earth or that they may be able to assist humans in resolving certain issues. Despite these myths, the truth is that there is no

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wrote: "these may be visitors from Mars, fearful, at the last, of invading the planet they have been seeking." Later, there was a more international airship wave from 1909-1912. An example of an extraterrestrial explanation at the time was a 1909 letter to a New Zealand newspaper suggesting "atomic

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to acknowledge formally that aliens have visited Earth and to disclose any intentional withholding of government interactions with extraterrestrial beings. According to the response, "The U.S. government has no evidence that any life exists outside our planet, or that an extraterrestrial presence

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lambasted Condon for extreme bias, and for ignoring or misrepresenting critical evidence. Saunders wrote: "It is clear... that the sightings have been going on for too long to explain in terms of straightforward terrestrial intelligence. It's in this sense that ETI (Extra Terrestrial Intelligence)

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have been reported by so many sources and from such a variety of places that we are convinced that they cannot be disregarded and must be explained on some basis which is perhaps slightly beyond the scope of our present intelligence thinking. When officers of this Directorate recently visited the

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of 1946 under his lead quickly concluded that they were not missiles. Santorini claimed the investigation was then quashed by military officials from the U.S., who knew them to be extraterrestrial, because there was no defense against the advanced technology and they feared widespread panic should

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We need to frame the current UAP/UFO question with the same level of active inquiry, one involving experts from academia in disciplines including astronomy, meteorology and physics, as well as industry and government professionals with knowledge of military aircraft, remote sensing from the ground

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The sentiment in the scientific community about the extraterrestrial hypothesis in relation to UFO reports and data shifted substantially after serious news reports about the topic by large media outlets within the U.S. and Canada and a public debate including former and present public servants in

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or their communications networks could potentially be detectable within our Solar system or in nearby star-based systems, if they are located there. Other research has since also addressed earlier arguments about the distance-related bottleneck with potential solutions other civilizations may have

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magazine in August 1951 reported that of the respondents who self-reported as UFO witnesses, 52% believed that they had seen a man-made aircraft, while only 4% believed that they had seen an alien craft; an additional 28% were uncertain, with more than half of these stating they believed they were

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was quoted by UP saying that the saucers had been seen since the early nineteenth century. If the present discs weren't secret Army weapons, he suggested they could be vehicles from Mars, or other planets, or maybe even "things out of other dimensions of time and space." Other articles brought up

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on August 14, 1947. The term "flying saucer" was familiar to 90% of the respondents. As to what people thought explained them, the poll further showed, that most people either held no opinion or refused to answer the question (33%), or generally believed that there was a mundane explanation. 29%

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started their own internal scientific review the following day. Some CIA scientists were also seriously considering the ETH. An early memo from August was very skeptical, but also added: "...as long as a series of reports remains 'unexplainable' (interplanetary aspects and alien origin not being

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count had risen inexplicably. Here we run out of even 'blue yonder' explanations that might be tenable, and we still are left with numbers of incredible reports from credible observers." A December 1952 memo from the Assistant CIA Director of Scientific Intelligence (O/SI) was much more urgent:

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Other private or government studies, some secret, have concluded in favor of the ET hypothesis, or have had members who disagreed in contravention with official conclusions reached by the committees and agencies to which they belonged. The following are examples of sources that have focused

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In August 2021, at the American Institute of Aeronautics and Aviation, Kopparapu presented a paper from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 134th Meeting General Symposium that supported ETH. Kopparapu stated he and his colleagues found the paper "perfectly credible".

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In June 2021, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson announced that he had directed NASA scientists to investigate Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon. During an interview at the University of Virginia, Bill Nelson explored the possibility that UAP could represent extraterrestrial technology.

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Even if people thought the saucers were real, most were generally unwilling to leap to the conclusion that they were extraterrestrial in origin. Various popular theories began to quickly proliferate in press articles, such as secret military projects, Russian spy devices, hoaxes,

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of scientists to debunk the data collected by the Air Force's Project Blue Book. This included an engineering analysis of UFO maneuvers by Blue Book (including a motion picture film analysis by Naval scientists) that had concluded UFOs were under intelligent control and likely

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anticipation of a report by the U.S. intelligence apparatus. During this change of attitude in early summer 2021, still small but increasing numbers of scientists first began to publicly discuss UFOs and systematic investigations of them in a sober manner on large platforms.

1614:, echoes Velasco's comments and adds, that the United States 'is guilty of covering up this information.' However, this is not the official public posture of SEPRA, CNES, or the French government. (The CNES placed their 5,800 case files on the Internet starting March 2007.) 1580:), it is known that many members of the study strongly disagreed with Condon's methods and biases. Most quit the project in disgust, or were fired for insubordination. A few became ETH supporters. Perhaps the best known example is David Saunders, who in his 1968 book 1489:, Oberth wrote: "It is my thesis that flying saucers are real and that they are space ships from another solar system. I think that they possibly are manned by intelligent observers who are members of a race that may have been investigating our earth for centuries..." 756:, as well as popular culture. Unlike earlier speculation of extraterrestrial life, interest in the ETH was also bolstered by many unexplained sightings investigated by the U.S. government and governments of other countries, as well as private civilian groups, such as 1516:] are of such nature that they are not attributable to natural phenomena or known types of aerial vehicles." Some of the memos also made it clear, that CIA interest in the subject was not to be made public, partly in fear of possible public panic. (Good, 331–335) 1338:

Despite public interest, up until 2021, NASA had considered the study of ETH to be irrelevant to its work because of the number of false leads that a study would provide, and the limited amount of usable scientific data that it would yield. On the History Channel

1869:, which ran an allegedly real but clearly fabulous account of a discovery by two American geologists of a hollow, egg-shaped structure holding the three-foot mummified body of a hairless humanoid with a trunk protruding from the middle of his forehead.") 2457: 697:

Although the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH) as a phrase is a comparatively new concept, one which owes much to the flying saucer sightings of the 1940s–1960s, its origins can be traced back to a number of earlier events, such as the now-discredited

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argued that significant evidence existed to prove UFOs "beyond reasonable doubt," but that the evidence had been suppressed and largely neglected by scientists and the general public, thus preventing sound conclusions from being reached on the ETH.

749:(1931), Fort theorized that visitors from other worlds were observing Earth. Fort's reports of aerial phenomena were frequently cited in American newspapers when the UFO phenomenon first attracted widespread media attention in June and July 1947. 953:, were more concerned about how an unfriendly power such as the Soviet Union might use UFOs for psychological warfare purposes, exploit the gullibility of the public for the sensational, and clog intelligence channels. Under a directive from the 1510:"...the reports of incidents convince us that there is something going on that must have immediate attention. Sightings of unexplained objects at great altitudes and traveling at high speeds in the vicinity of U.S. defense installation [ 938:, citing a lack of physical evidence. Vandenberg dismantled Project Sign, and with this official policy in place, subsequent public Air Force reports concluded, that there was insufficient evidence to warrant further investigation of UFOs. 1632:

has contacted or engaged any member of the human race." Also, according to the response, there is "no credible information to suggest that any evidence is being hidden from the public's eye." The response further noted that efforts, like

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either man-made aircraft, or "visitors from afar." By 1957, 25% of Americans responded that they either believed, or were willing to believe in the ETH, while 53% responded that they were not. 22% reported that they were uncertain.

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When the 1947 flying saucer wave hit the United States, there was much speculation in the newspapers about what they might be in news stories, columns, editorials, and letters to the editor. For example, on July 10, U.S. Senator

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thoroughly excluded from consideration) caution requires that intelligence continue coverage of the subject." A report from later that month was similarly skeptical, but nevertheless concluded: "...sightings of UFOs reported at

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A survey carried out by Industrial Research magazine in 1971 showed that more Americans believed the government was concealing information about UFOs (76%) than believed in the existence of UFOs (54%), or in ETH itself (32%).

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Reported UFOs are often far too small to support a crew traveling through space, and their reported flight behavior is often not representative of a craft under intelligent control (erratic flight patterns, sudden course

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of Idaho commented, "I almost wish the flying saucers would turn out to be space ships from another planet," because the possibility of hostility "would unify the people of the earth as nothing else could." On July 8,

1544:, dissolved it in 1951, established Project Blue Book in its place, and made Ruppelt director. In 1953, Cabell became deputy director of the CIA. Another defector from the official Air Force party line was consultant 1030:

of UFOs has been called into question. This goes counter to the predictions of supporters of the extraterrestrial hypothesis, even causing a crisis of confidence among some within the informal UFO research community.

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produced a Top Secret Estimate of the Situation, concluding that the ETH was the most likely explanation for the most perplexing unexplained cases. The study was ordered destroyed by USAF Chief of Staff General

473: 1602:, wrote a book in 2005, saying, that 14% of the 5800 cases studied by SEPRA were 'utterly inexplicable and extraterrestrial' in origin. However, the CNES own report says 28% of sightings remain unidentified. 1548:, who started out as a staunch skeptic. After 20 years of investigation, he changed positions and generally supported the ETH. He became the most publicly known UFO advocate scientist in the 1970s and 1980s. 1480:

West Germany, in conjunction with other European countries, conducted a secret study from 1951 to 1954, also concluding that UFOs were extraterrestrial. This study was revealed by German rocketry pioneer

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Extraterrestrial "believers" within Project Blue Book included Major Dewey Fournet, in charge of the engineering analysis of UFO motion, who later became a board member on the civilian UFO organization

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The number of reported UFOs and of purported encounters with UFO-inhabitants outstrips the number of expeditions that an alien civilization (or civilizations) could statistically be expected to mount.

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The modern ETH—specifically, the implicit linking of unidentified aircraft and lights in the sky to alien life—took root during the late 1940s and took its current form during the 1950s. It drew on

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UFOs may be spacecraft sent to Earth from another civilization or space other than Earth, or on a planet associated with a more distant star," while presenting the findings of the much debated

2519: 1452:) states that Swedish air intelligence informed them that at least some of their investigators into the ghost rockets and flying saucers concluded they had extraterrestrial origins: "... 737:

collected accounts of anomalous physical phenomena from newspapers and scientific journals, including many reports of extraordinary aerial objects. These were published in 1919 in

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Document quoted and published in Timothy Good (2007), 106–107, 115; USAFE Item 14, TT 1524, (Top Secret), 4 November 1948, declassified in 1997, National Archives, Washington D.C.

876:. According to journalist Edward R. Murrow, the ETH as a serious explanation for "flying saucers" did not earn widespread attention until about 18 months after Arnold's sighting. 1295:

Others have argued that (unless mechanisms of repulse or dissolution and/or data-manipulation and/or cloaking technologies are and remain sufficiently deployed to prevent this),

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A frequent concept in ufology and popular culture is that the true extent of information about UFOs is being suppressed by some form of conspiracy of silence, or by an official

1469:, citing lack of proof. Knowledge of the existence of the Estimate has come from insiders who said they read a surviving copy, including the later USAF Project Blue Book head 1287:

According to the personal assessment of Hynek at the time, points 1 through 6 could be argued, but point 7 represented an "insurmountable" barrier to the validity of the ETH.

816:. In particular, the Flash Gordon serials have the Earth being attacked from space by alien meteors, ray beams, and biological weapons. In 1938, a radio broadcast version of 1863:(Compiled work quoting Jerome Clark; "So far as is known, the first mention of an extraterrestrial spacecraft was published in the 17 June 1864 issue of a French newspaper, 1047:, and has largely accepted the explanation that reports of UFOs are the result of people misinterpreting common objects or phenomena, or are the work of hoaxers. Professor 5036: 410: 253: 864:, who earlier in the twentieth century had documented numerous reports of unidentified flying objects that had been written up in newspapers and scientific journals. 6167: 2115: 2544:

Socas-Navarro, Hector; Haqq-Misra, Jacob; Wright, Jason T.; Kopparapu, Ravi; Benford, James; Davis, Ross; TechnoClimes 2020 workshop participants (1 May 2021).

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stated "some of my fellow astronauts and scientists astronauts that did go up and who have observed things, very clearly, they were told - not to report it".

200: 5084: 4221: 757: 3222: 1648:. The response noted "the odds are pretty high" that there may be life on other planets but "the odds of us making contact with any of them—especially any 1334:"As far as I know, no claims of UFOs as being alien craft have any validity -- the claims are without substance, and certainly not proved". David Morrison 1026:

As the proliferation of smartphone camera technology across the population has not led to a significant increase in recorded UFO sightings, the claimed

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members found that about 10% of them believed that UFOs were vehicles from outer space. In another informal poll conducted in 1977 by astrophysicist

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on a one-way 50-year journey to the nearest star, an enormous amount of energy) and because of the level of technology that would be required to

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frequently fields questions in regard to the ETH and UFOs. As of 2006, its official standpoint was that ETH has a lack of empirical evidence.

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On July 9, Army Air Forces Intelligence began a secret study of the best saucer reports, including that of Arnold's. A follow-up study by the

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The distance between planets makes interstellar travel impractical, particularly because of the amount of energy that would be required for

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Schuessler, John L., "Statements About Flying Saucers And Extraterrestrial Life Made By Prof. Hermann Oberth, German Rocket Scientist" 2002

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From the 1920s, the idea of alien visitation in space ships was commonplace in popular comic strips and radio and movie serials, such as

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concluded there to be robust rationale for organizing missions for searching artifacts – including probes – within the Solar system.

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systems and Earth-orbiting satellites, UFOs are alleged to flit in and out of the atmosphere, leaving little to no evidence.

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privately commented on other firm "pro-UFO" members in the USAF investigations, including some Pentagon generals, such as

5657: 4924: 4913: 4844: 3571: 3546: 3293: 2123: 1818: 818: 311: 3186: 792:, popularized the idea of Martian visitation and invasion. Even before Wells, there was a sudden upsurge in reports in " 6219: 5662: 5587: 4929: 4472: 4206: 4049: 3576: 3253: 826:, using a contemporary setting for H. G. Wells' Martian invasion, created some public panic in the United States. 501: 2682: 2520:"Revealed: Why We Should Look For Ancient Alien Spacecraft On The Moon, Mars And Mercury According To NASA Scientists" 1087:. Sturrock asked polled scientists to assign probabilities to eight possible explanations for UFOs. The results were: 1007:

poll in 2002 reported that 56% of respondents thought UFOs were real, with 48% believing that UFOs had visited Earth.

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scientific proof to back up these assertions, hence we cannot declare with certainty whether or not aliens exist.

1331:"no one has ever found a single artifact, or any other convincing evidence for such alien visits". David Morrison. 6162: 6037: 5692: 5376: 4754: 2042:

Jacobs David M (2000), "UFOs and Abductions: Challenging the Borders of Knowledge", University Press of Kansas,

1244:, they seem to appear and disappear at will, leaving only vague, ambiguous and mocking evidence of their presence 879:

These attitudes seem to be reflected in the results of the first U.S. poll of public UFO perceptions released by

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are unknown, but use in printed material on UFOs seems to date to at least the latter half of the 1960s. French

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Jacobs David M (2000), "UFOs and Abductions: Challenging the Borders of Knowledge", University Press of Kansas,

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James E. McDonald, Professor of Atmospheric Sciences University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, (December, 1969)

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eager to help solve the mystery. Some of them "suggested the discs were visitations from another planet."

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The behavior of extraterrestrials reported during alleged abductions is often inconsistent and irrational.

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while testifying before the Congressional Committee on Science and Astronautics, in July 1968. Skeptic

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In 1948, Project Sign concluded without endorsing any unified explanation for all UFO reports, and the

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Hynek, J. Allen (1983), "The case against ET", in Walter H. Andrus, Jr., and Dennis W. Stacy (eds),

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An early example of speculation over extraterrestrial visitors can be found in the French newspaper

714:, who likewise wrote of Martian civilizations, and even to the works of figures such as the Swedish 6172: 5245: 4824: 4819: 4804: 4764: 4632: 4567: 4557: 3871: 2431: 1390: 666: 2458:"Android Noahs and embryo Arks: ectogenesis in global catastrophe survival and space colonization" 6067: 5833: 5652: 5180: 5155: 4919: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4879: 4854: 4849: 4834: 4829: 4794: 4673: 4572: 4417: 4350: 3566: 1724: 1714: 1641: 1552: 496: 444: 192: 87: 2320: 2278:

Sturrock Peter A (1999), "The UFO Enigma: A New Review of the Physical Evidence", Warner Books,

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and other factors, and extraterrestrial life would likely be very different from Earthly life.

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The primary scientific arguments against ETH were summarized by astronomer and UFO researcher

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Public Opinion Surveys and Unidentified Flying Objects; 50+ years of Sampling Public Opinions

2029: 1377: 788: 3134: 689:. Some UFO historians credit Condon with popularizing the term and its abbreviation "ETH." 6194: 6182: 6077: 6027: 6022: 5921: 5864: 5853: 5757: 5607: 5491: 5481: 5064: 4945: 4607: 4602: 4552: 4532: 4447: 4432: 4216: 4103: 4093: 4064: 3881: 3776: 2957: 2567: 2469: 2382: 1694: 1040: 969:

The early 1950s also saw a number of movies depicting flying saucers and aliens, including

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Sagan Carl, Page Thornton (1972), "UFOs: A Scientific Debate". Cornell University Press,

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Report on 9 unidentified aircraft observed on June 24, 1947, near Mt. Rainier, Washington

1704: 1637: 1252: 945:" which popularized the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis and is thought to have triggered the 380: 356: 5787: 2571: 2473: 2386: 2342:

Clark Jerome (1998), "The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial", Visible Ink,

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scientist, publicly stated that a 1947 Greek government investigation into the European

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in 1897 speculated that the airships were "a reconnoitering party from Mars", and the

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Hypothesis that some unidentified flying objects are occupied by extraterrestrial life

6135: 5885: 5838: 5802: 5542: 5521: 5286: 5069: 4477: 3784: 3654: 3353: 3347: 3152: 2933: 2901:"Space Jam: Former Senator Talks Aliens, Asteroids and 'Star Trek' With Larry Sabato" 2595: 2583: 2497: 2485: 2398: 2343: 2279: 2263: 2220: 2082: 2043: 1883: 1856: 1824: 1760: 1684: 1537: 1533: 1470: 1425: 1309: 1278: 1080: 1064: 869: 662: 627: 586: 491: 430: 321: 3631: 2579: 2410: 2394: 1347:

wrote that NASA and the government "swept these and other sightings under the rug".

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Morrison David, Senior Scientist at the NASA Astrobiology Institute (July 2006),

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Morrison David, Senior Scientist at the NASA Astrobiology Institute (June 2006),

2361:"A novel SETI strategy targeting the solar focal regions of the most nearby stars" 2294: 1211:, and are allegedly able to exist on Earth without much difficulty often lacking " 6042: 5875: 5501: 5343: 5291: 5265: 5232: 5099: 5074: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4592: 4517: 4457: 4442: 4246: 4236: 4059: 3918: 3903: 3866: 3851: 3797: 3723: 3416: 3060: 3039: 2862: 2842: 2327: 2251: 2185: 2158: 2119: 1803: 1628: 1520: 1466: 1170:

Failure of sophisticated surveillance systems to detect incoming or outgoing UFOs

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Symposium, where he outlined seven key reasons why he could not accept the ETH.

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has expressed skepticism about the ETH. In a 1969 lecture, U.S. astrophysicist

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Science of UAP: Past and Present ~ Ravi Kopperapu, Ph.D. AIAA AV21 UAP session

2969: 2481: 1958: 1540:, USAF Chief of Air Intelligence, who, angry at the inaction and debunkery of 658: 6276: 5617: 5193: 5015: 4960: 4950: 4265: 4079: 4044: 4003: 3526: 3516: 3389: 3359: 3257: 2937: 2587: 2489: 2402: 2224: 2198:"Why have we stopped seeing UFOs in the skies? – Stuart Walton - Aeon Essays" 1689: 1589: 1577: 1573: 1566: 1429: 1344: 1264: 1052: 946: 873: 839: 753: 686: 678: 1977:, p.1, June 27, 1947, "More Sky-Gazers Tell About Seeing the Flying Piepans" 5642: 5597: 5582: 5567: 5552: 5511: 5506: 5486: 5476: 5457: 5348: 5210: 5094: 5049: 4995: 4241: 4186: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4108: 3983: 3923: 3556: 3521: 1603: 1461: 1241: 1183: 924: 861: 823: 813: 734: 579: 482: 468: 395: 2033:, CBS News (Radio Documentary available in MP3/Real Media), (October 2006) 5938: 5828: 5547: 5537: 5301: 4955: 4759: 4711: 4527: 4176: 3841: 3649: 3467: 3459: 3365: 2178: 1980:; Eugene (OR) Register-Guard, p.1, June 27, 1947; Bremerton (Washington) 1957:

Kenneth Arnold; Speaking to Journalist Edward R. Murrow (April 7, 1950),

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episode "The NASA Files" (2008), Former NASA astronauts have commented;

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using conventional means, (According to a NASA estimate, it would take 7

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Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act (UADPA), USA law (2023)

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November 1948 USAF Top Secret document citing extraterrestrial opinion.

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conventional energy/fuel/speed limitations using exotic means, such as

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defined the "extraterrestrial hypothesis" or "ETH" as the "idea that

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article appeared in a number of newspaper Sunday supplements, e.g.,

2708:"MIT Researcher Says UFO Research Could Lead to New Laws of Physics" 76: 6110: 6100: 6032: 5823: 5797: 5772: 3933: 3908: 3820: 3813: 3708: 3639: 2562: 1383: 1272: 1208: 900: 843: 838:

reported seeing nine unidentified disk-shaped aircraft flying near

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National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (1956–1980)

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Elusive, evasive and absurd behavior of UFOs and their occupants

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at the end of 1947, the first official U.S. military UFO study.

767: 178: 6209: 5782: 5752: 5742: 5702: 5426: 5311: 4201: 3713: 3621: 2537: 1607: 889: 390: 1962: 1585:

stands as the 'least implausible' explanation of 'real UFOs'."

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to review the problem, in January 1953, the CIA organized the

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Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (2007–2012)

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Investigation of UFO reports by the United States government

2876:"EarthSky | NASA and UFOs: Space agency to take closer look" 910: 834:

On June 24, 1947, at about 3:00 p.m. local time, pilot

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Associated Press story, July 7, 1947, e.g., Salt Lake City

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released an official response to two petitions asking the

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Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets

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http://noufors.com/Documents/scienceindefault.pdfstating

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Trendex Poll, St. Louis Globe Democrat (August 24, 1957)

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and ancient Martian civilization promoted by astronomer

4257: 2926:"Opinion | We're asking the wrong questions about UFOs" 2631:"Opinion | We're asking the wrong questions about UFOs" 1275:

as ways to shorten distances from point A to point B. (

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Isolation of the UFO phenomenon in time and space: the

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in a symposium in March 1968 and again by McDonald and

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or non-human aliens, or non-occupied alien probes from

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Implausible Beliefs: In the Bible, Astrology, and UFOs

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NASA scientist Ravi Kopparapu advocates studying UAP.

903:, secret commercial aircraft, or phenomena related to 4222:

Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact

2432:"Self-replicating alien probes could already be here" 1652:—are extremely small, given the distances involved." 1598:, the head of the official French UFO investigation 923:, Ohio led to the formation of the U.S. Air Force's 436:

Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Disclosure Act - US

3254:"No Alien Visits or UFO Coverups, White House Says" 1044: 931: 657:. It was used in a publication by French engineer 101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5115:Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (current) 2050:(Compiled work: section sourced from Jerome Clark) 2008:"Schenectady Gazette - Google News Archive Search" 1077:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 892:, or imagination; 15% a U.S. secret weapon; 10% a 5688:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems 5678:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems 3602:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems 3592:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems 2785:"UFO studies and the possibility of alien origin" 1779:"The Calgary Herald - Google News Archive Search" 6274: 3889:Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence 1937:, p. 3, "Author of 'Discs' Story To Seek Proof" 1618: 530:Lists of organizations, sightings, studies, etc. 5613:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) 2656:"EarthSky | US Pentagon UFO report due in June" 1022:Fewer sightings despite camera phone technology 5393:United States Congress hearings on UFOs (2022) 3071:Dolan, 189; Good, 287, 337; Ruppelt, Chapt. 16 2213:"What is behind the decline in UFO sightings?" 1240:UFOs are isolated in time and space: like the 1207:Space aliens are alleged to be overwhelmingly 964: 5442: 4273: 3294: 3216: 3214: 3212: 1845:Concerning the Earths in Our Solar System ... 1075:An informal poll done by Sturrock in 1973 of 768:Historical reports of extraterrestrial visits 587: 5593:List of microorganisms tested in outer space 2256: 1173:Gravitational and atmospheric considerations 1034: 934:was rejected by USAF Chief of Staff General 919:intelligence and engineering departments at 733:In the early part of the twentieth century, 710:and fellow science fiction pioneers such as 706:, popular culture including the writings of 618:(UFOs) are best explained as being physical 4197:History of the extraterrestrial life debate 3894:Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal 3247: 3245: 3243: 2615:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2295:More detailed account of Sturrock AIAA poll 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 6018:Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability 5449: 5435: 4280: 4266: 3512:Planetary habitability in the Solar System 3301: 3287: 3209: 2338: 2336: 2018: 1576:came to a negative conclusion (written by 1411:Documents and investigations regarding ETH 594: 580: 6205:European Astrobiology Network Association 3308: 2950: 2683:"Experts Weigh In on Pentagon UFO Report" 2561: 2376: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 1882:, p. 29, Indiana University Press, 1975, 1837: 1794: 1792: 911:U.S. military investigation and debunkery 416:All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office - US 411:History of government investigations - US 226:Learn how and when to remove this message 161:Learn how and when to remove this message 5698:List of potentially habitable exoplanets 4367:1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund 4357:1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg 3939:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence 3607:List of potentially habitable exoplanets 3251: 3240: 2272: 2237: 1448:A 1948 Top Secret USAF Europe document ( 1438: 203:of all important aspects of the article. 6116:Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment 3744:Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment 3223:"Searching for ET, But No Evidence Yet" 2893: 2868: 2455: 2333: 2163: 1610:and former head of French space agency 1386:that is acting to conceal information. 14: 6275: 4503:Barney and Betty Hill abduction (1961) 3220: 3157:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2848: 2828: 2358: 2137: 2036: 1789: 1371: 1043:has shown very little support for the 830:The 1947 flying saucer wave in America 786:, in his 1898 science fiction classic 421:NASA's UAP independent study team - US 199:Please consider expanding the lead to 6106:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection 5430: 4261: 3645:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection 3282: 2962: 2918: 2462:International Journal of Astrobiology 2313: 2210: 2074: 2068: 1911:Chicago Daily Tribune (June 26, 1947) 1816: 1551:The first CIA Director, Vice Admiral 1473:, and astronomer and USAF consultant 1192:The problem of astronomical distances 796:" in the United States. For example, 553:Investigations of UFOs by governments 6255: 5683:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems 5668:Habitability of neutron star systems 4362:1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel 3597:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems 3582:Habitability of neutron star systems 3342:Viking lander biological experiments 3049:The Washington Post and Times-Herald 2760:"NASA is getting serious about UFOs" 1817:Klass, Philip J. (1 February 1968). 1754: 741:. In this and two subsequent books, 655:Challenge to science: the UFO enigma 172: 99:adding citations to reliable sources 70: 29: 6288:Alleged extraterrestrial visitation 5658:Habitability of binary star systems 3572:Habitability of binary star systems 3547:Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems 3252:Atkinson, Nancy (5 November 2011). 2757: 2359:Gillon, Michaël (1 February 2014). 2150:John F. Schuessler (January 2000), 1948:Chicago 'Times', July 7, 1947, p. 3 1519:The CIA organized the January 1953 1263:of energy to send the then-current 24: 6220:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science 5663:Habitability of natural satellites 5588:Hypothetical types of biochemistry 5060:Flying Saucer Working Party (1950) 4717:High-altitude object events (2023) 4346:Ezekiel's Wheel (circa 622–570 BC) 4207:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science 4050:Hypothetical types of biochemistry 3577:Habitability of natural satellites 3176:, Toulouse, France, April 18, 2004 2811:"Maybe the Aliens Really Are Here" 2517: 2456:Edwards, Matthew R. (April 2021). 1162:during a presentation at the 1983 1063:Similarly, British astrophysicist 941:In 1952, Life Magazine published " 25: 6314: 6200:Center for Life Detection Science 6121:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher 5673:Habitability of red dwarf systems 5120:NASA's UAP independent study team 3587:Habitability of red dwarf systems 3274: 2808: 2680: 1290: 1112:An unfamiliar terrestrial device 1096:An unfamiliar natural phenomenon 110:"Extraterrestrial UFO hypothesis" 45:This article has multiple issues. 6254: 6243: 6242: 6225:Ocean Worlds Exploration Program 6058:Life Investigation For Enceladus 5578:Extraterrestrial sample curation 5456: 5411: 5410: 3739:Life Investigation For Enceladus 3221:Larson, Phil (5 November 2011). 2731: 2060:Gallup poll in August 15, 1947, 1505:, at a time when the background 1104:A familiar phenomenon or device 401:Flying Saucer Working Party - UK 252: 177: 75: 34: 6163:Astrobiology Society of Britain 6038:Explorer of Enceladus and Titan 5693:Habitable zone for complex life 5377:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 4558:John Lennon UFO incident (1974) 4372:José Bonilla observation (1883) 3191: 3180: 3165: 3120: 3108: 3099: 3074: 3065: 3026: 3017: 3008: 2984: 2802: 2777: 2751: 2725: 2700: 2674: 2648: 2623: 2580:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.02.029 2511: 2449: 2424: 2395:10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.09.009 2352: 2300: 2288: 2204: 2190: 2172: 2108: 2095: 2053: 2000: 1987: 1967: 1951: 1942: 1927: 1914: 805:powered spaceships from Mars." 568:Alleged extraterrestrial beings 191:may be too short to adequately 86:needs additional citations for 53:or discuss these issues on the 6048:Journey to Enceladus and Titan 5110:Identification studies of UFOs 4588:Valentich disappearance (1978) 4573:Petrozavodsk phenomenon (1977) 4453:McMinnville photographs (1950) 4325:List of reported UFO sightings 3729:Journey to Enceladus and Titan 1905: 1892: 1880:The UFO Controversy In America 1872: 1849: 1810: 1802:. October 2006. Archived from 1771: 1757:The Truth About Flying Saucers 1748: 1189:The space unworthiness of UFOs 1128:An unknown natural phenomenon 558:Identification studies of UFOs 201:provide an accessible overview 13: 1: 6096:Astrobiology Field Laboratory 5648:Extraterrestrial liquid water 5070:Project Blue Book (1952–1970) 4750:Aztec, New Mexico hoax (1949) 4745:Twin Falls, Idaho hoax (1947) 4598:Robert Taylor incident (1979) 4563:Travis Walton incident (1975) 4508:Lonnie Zamora incident (1964) 4403:Ängelholm UFO memorial (1946) 3862:Berkeley SETI Research Center 3562:Extraterrestrial liquid water 3225:. White House. Archived from 2075:Mazur, Allan (July 5, 2017). 2030:The Case of the Flying Saucer 1741: 1619:Official White House position 1152:Some unspecified other cause 1136:Some specifiable other cause 1085:American Astronomical Society 1083:, he surveyed members of the 972:The Day the Earth Stood Still 692: 624:extraterrestrial intelligence 6230:Spanish Astrobiology Center‎ 5638:Circumstellar habitable zone 4613:Cash–Landrum incident (1980) 4513:Solway Firth Spaceman (1964) 4488:Lakenheath-Bentwaters (1956) 4182:Extraterrestrials in fiction 4055:Interplanetary contamination 3552:Circumstellar habitable zone 3436:(unusual light fluctuations) 3428:(unusual light fluctuations) 3420:(unusual light fluctuations) 2211:Jaekl, Philip (2018-09-21). 1735:Cryptoterrestrial hypothesis 1588:In 1999, the private French 1219:would likely have different 993:(1956). A poll published in 984:Earth vs. the Flying Saucers 951:Psychological Strategy Board 943:Have We Visitors From Space? 637: 7: 6215:NASA Astrobiology Institute 5372:List of scientific skeptics 5100:Project Condign (1997–2000) 5043:The Flying Saucers Are Real 4603:Val Johnson incident (1979) 4553:Pascagoula Abduction (1973) 4040:Extraterrestrial hypothesis 3187:CNES report, March 26, 2007 1843:Swedenborg, Emanuel (1758) 1720:Interdimensional hypothesis 1655: 1416:specifically on the topic: 1389:In 1968, American engineer 1297:self-replicating spacecraft 1010: 965:Evolution of public opinion 644:extraterrestrial hypothesis 616:unidentified flying objects 608:extraterrestrial hypothesis 396:Institute 22 - Soviet Union 18:Extraterrestrial hypothesis 10: 6319: 6063:Mars sample return mission 5065:Project Magnet (1950–1962) 4722:David Grusch claims (2023) 4493:Antônio Villas Boas (1957) 3754:Mars sample-return mission 1449: 1433:the results become public. 1375: 1176:Statistical considerations 1014: 522:Unarius Academy of Science 6238: 6153: 6141:Terrestrial Planet Finder 6086: 5985: 5947: 5931: 5899: 5816: 5725: 5716: 5626: 5563:Earliest known life forms 5530: 5464: 5406: 5385: 5364: 5336: 5274: 5231: 5224: 5179: 5128: 5090:Condon Report (1966–1968) 5029: 4984: 4938: 4787: 4770:Alien Autopsy (1995 film) 4730: 4666: 4583:Zanfretta incident (1978) 4483:Kelly–Hopkinsville (1955) 4390: 4338: 4317: 4308: 4295: 4142: 4078: 4017: 3972: 3830: 3630: 3535: 3507:Earliest known life forms 3499: 3452: 3409: 3382: 3375: 3316: 3082:"Ruppelt's private notes" 2482:10.1017/S147355042100001X 2184:December 3, 2007, at the 2116:"Popular Science Archive" 2091:– via Google Books. 1833:– via Google Books. 1420:In 1967, Greek physicist 1302:embryo space colonization 1035:Involvement of scientists 955:National Security Council 802:Saint Louis Post-Dispatch 673:used it in his 1968 book 653:used it in his 1966 book 369:Government investigations 6173:Breakthrough Initiatives 4740:Maury Island hoax (1947) 4638:Voronezh incident (1989) 4623:Trans-en-Provence (1981) 4618:Rendlesham Forest (1980) 4548:Finnish Air Force (1969) 4478:Flatwoods monster (1952) 4330:Sightings in outer space 4287: 3872:Breakthrough Initiatives 1730:Time-traveler hypothesis 317:Sightings in outer space 6298:UFO conspiracy theories 6283:20th-century neologisms 5834:Mars Science Laboratory 5653:Galactic habitable zone 4988:extraterrestrial beings 4755:Southern England (1967) 4683:Campeche, Mexico (2004) 4643:Belgian UFO wave (1990) 4473:Washington, D.C. (1952) 4468:Nash-Fortenberry (1952) 4351:Airship of Clonmacnoise 3976:extraterrestrial beings 3567:Galactic habitable zone 1725:Space animal hypothesis 1715:Psychosocial hypothesis 1644:, continue looking for 1553:Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter 1319: 497:Church of the SubGenius 386:Project Magnet - Canada 381:Operação Prato - Brazil 272:Kenneth Arnold sighting 6013:Enceladus Life Finder‎ 5993:Breakthrough Enceladus 5517:Planetary oceanography 5075:Robertson Panel (1953) 4628:Japan Air Lines (1986) 4593:Kaikoura Lights (1978) 4443:Gorman Dogfight (1948) 4377:Airship wave (1896–97) 4124:Planetarium hypothesis 4114:Hart–Tipler conjecture 4099:Dark forest hypothesis 4089:Aestivation hypothesis 3808:Venus In Situ Explorer 3612:Planetary habitability 3401:(misidentified quasar) 3393:(misidentified pulsar) 1878:David Michael Jacobs, 1638:Kepler space telescope 1623:In November 2011, the 1532:. Blue Book director 1444: 1365: 1273:Einstein-Rosen Bridges 739:The Book of the Damned 543:Reported UFO sightings 431:Project Blue Book - US 6188:Breakthrough Starshot 5788:Lunar Micro Ecosystem 5708:Superhabitable planet 5573:Extraterrestrial life 5095:Institute 22 (1978–?) 5080:Ruppelt report (1956) 5055:Project Grudge (1949) 4765:Gulf Breeze (1987–88) 4712:Jetpack man (2020–21) 4688:O'Hare Airport (2006) 4658:Phoenix Lights (1997) 4578:Operação Prato (1977) 4463:Lubbock Lights (1951) 4438:Chiles-Whitted (1948) 4408:Kenneth Arnold (1947) 4227:Post-detection policy 4129:Rare Earth hypothesis 3954:Voyager Golden Record 3847:Allen Telescope Array 3682:Enceladus Life Finder 3617:Superhabitable planet 3310:Extraterrestrial life 2856:Ask an Astrobiologist 2836:Ask an Astrobiologist 2321:A Look at the Scaling 1755:Aimé, Michel (1967). 1674:Chariots of the Gods? 1442: 1378:UFO conspiracy theory 1360: 1015:Further information: 978:The War of the Worlds 819:The War of the Worlds 789:The War of the Worlds 614:) proposes that some 426:Condon Committee - US 327:Barney and Betty Hill 6195:Carl Sagan Institute 6183:Breakthrough Message 6023:Enceladus Orbilander 5758:Biosatellite program 5608:Planetary protection 5492:Evolutionary biology 5482:Atmospheric sciences 5386:Government & Law 5307:Government responses 4788:Sightings by country 4707:UFO incidents (2014) 4217:Planetary protection 4104:Firstborn hypothesis 4094:Berserker hypothesis 4065:Mediocrity principle 3882:Breakthrough Message 3500:Life in the Universe 2245:Space and Time Warps 2062:St. Petersburg Times 1695:Giorgio A. Tsoukalos 1596:Jean-Jacques Velasco 1041:scientific community 917:Air Materiel Command 798:The Washington Times 712:Edgar Rice Burroughs 642:Origins of the term 548:Sightings by country 406:Project Condign - UK 95:improve this article 6178:Breakthrough Listen 5181:Conspiracy theories 5171:Trotskyist-Posadism 5050:Project Sign (1948) 5021:Reptilian humanoids 4678:UFO incident (2004) 4648:Ariel School (1994) 4543:Jimmy Carter (1969) 4538:Shag Harbour (1967) 4030:Directed panspermia 4009:Reptilian humanoids 3877:Breakthrough Listen 3857:Arecibo Observatory 3803:Titan Mare Explorer 3376:Signals of interest 3336:Murchison meteorite 3324:Shergotty meteorite 3229:on 24 November 2011 3203:www.ufoevidence.org 2815:Scientific American 2738:Scientific American 2687:Scientific American 2572:2021AcAau.182..446S 2474:2021IJAsB..20..150E 2387:2014AcAau..94..629G 2319:Warp Drive, When?: 1806:on 6 February 2006. 1705:Robert K. G. Temple 1565:, he told director 1487:The American Weekly 1372:Conspiracy theories 1253:interstellar travel 1217:extra-solar planets 1196:Hynek argued that: 445:Conspiracy theories 357:Pentagon UFO videos 6008:Enceladus Explorer 5136:Ancient astronauts 4760:Majestic 12 (1985) 4705:Theodore Roosevelt 4633:Ilkley Moor (1987) 4533:Falcon Lake (1967) 4398:Los Angeles (1942) 4152:Ancient astronauts 3749:Mars Geyser Hopper 3677:Enceladus Explorer 3317:Events and objects 3174:La Dépêche du Midi 3172:Velasco quoted in 3059:2016-04-03 at the 3054:Milwaukee Sentinel 3038:2010-11-25 at the 2861:2006-09-28 at the 2841:2006-09-28 at the 2326:2013-07-08 at the 2250:2012-02-10 at the 2179:Roper poll results 2157:2005-11-11 at the 1668:Ancient astronauts 1572:Although the 1968 1558:The New York Times 1460:In 1948, the USAF 1445: 1300:developed such as 1200:Despite worldwide 884:thought they were 724:Emanuel Swedenborg 677:In 1969 physicist 347:Alien autopsy hoax 302:McMinnville photos 6270: 6269: 6149: 6148: 5973:Rosalind Franklin 5886:Trace Gas Orbiter 5543:Allan Hills 84001 5522:Planetary science 5424: 5423: 5332: 5331: 5287:Cattle mutilation 5141:Cryptoterrestrial 4783: 4782: 4775:Morristown (2009) 4418:Flight 105 (1947) 4310:Claimed sightings 4255: 4254: 3785:SpaceX Red Dragon 3700:Rosalind Franklin 3495: 3494: 3354:Allan Hills 84001 3348:Allan Hills 77005 2758:Wattles, Jackie. 2550:Acta Astronautica 2365:Acta Astronautica 2243:Hawking Stephen, 2088:978-1-351-51322-7 1759:. Pyramid Books. 1685:James E. McDonald 1538:Charles P. Cabell 1534:Edward J. Ruppelt 1524:extraterrestrial. 1471:Edward J. Ruppelt 1426:Manhattan Project 1310:scientific review 1306:Alcubierre drives 1279:Faster-than-light 1156: 1155: 1081:Peter A. Sturrock 1065:Peter A. Sturrock 886:optical illusions 870:optical illusions 675:UFOs--Identified. 663:James E. McDonald 604: 603: 538:UFO organizations 492:Aetherius Society 337:Rendlesham Forest 322:Flatwoods monster 262:Notable sightings 236: 235: 228: 218: 217: 171: 170: 163: 145: 68: 16:(Redirected from 6310: 6258: 6257: 6246: 6245: 5723: 5722: 5618:Yamato meteorite 5451: 5444: 5437: 5428: 5427: 5414: 5413: 5233:Abduction claims 5229: 5228: 5151:Interdimensional 5146:Extraterrestrial 5011:Little green men 4986:Types of alleged 4732:Confirmed hoaxes 4523:Kecksburg (1965) 4498:Levelland (1957) 4339:Pre-20th century 4315: 4314: 4282: 4275: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4232:San Marino Scale 4172:Brookings Report 4119:Neocatastrophism 4025:Cosmic pluralism 3999:Little green men 3974:Types of alleged 3899:Astrolinguistics 3488: 3480: 3479:(unknown origin) 3476:Fast radio burst 3472: 3464: 3445: 3444:(unknown origin) 3441:HD 164595 signal 3437: 3429: 3421: 3402: 3394: 3380: 3379: 3330:Nakhla meteorite 3303: 3296: 3289: 3280: 3279: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3264: 3249: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3218: 3207: 3206: 3195: 3189: 3184: 3178: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3156: 3148: 3146: 3145: 3139: 3133:. Archived from 3132: 3124: 3118: 3114:David Saunders, 3112: 3106: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3084:. Archived from 3078: 3072: 3069: 3063: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2996:www.rfreitas.com 2988: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2974:, 18 August 2021 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2912: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2872: 2866: 2865:, (October 2006) 2852: 2846: 2845:, (October 2006) 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2681:David, Leonard. 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2614: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2565: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2380: 2356: 2350: 2340: 2331: 2330:, (October 2006) 2317: 2311: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2276: 2270: 2260: 2254: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2231: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2194: 2188: 2176: 2170: 2167: 2161: 2148: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2131: 2122:. Archived from 2112: 2106: 2103:Above Top Secret 2099: 2093: 2092: 2072: 2066: 2057: 2051: 2040: 2034: 2027:(April 7, 1950) 2025:Edward R. Murrow 2022: 2016: 2015: 2004: 1998: 1995:UFO Encyclopedia 1991: 1985: 1971: 1965: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1940: 1931: 1925: 1924:, (October 1947) 1920:Arnold Kenneth, 1918: 1912: 1909: 1903: 1896: 1890: 1876: 1870: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1823:. Random House. 1820:UFOs--identified 1814: 1808: 1807: 1796: 1787: 1786: 1775: 1769: 1768: 1752: 1710:Zecharia Sitchin 1650:intelligent ones 1258: 1144:An alien device 1090: 1089: 1046: 990:Forbidden Planet 933: 857:R. DeWitt Miller 794:Mystery airships 596: 589: 582: 256: 238: 237: 231: 224: 213: 210: 204: 181: 173: 166: 159: 155: 152: 146: 144: 103: 79: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 6318: 6317: 6313: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6273: 6272: 6271: 6266: 6234: 6155: 6145: 6088: 6082: 6043:Icebreaker Life 5981: 5943: 5927: 5901: 5895: 5812: 5718: 5712: 5629: 5622: 5526: 5502:Geomicrobiology 5460: 5455: 5425: 5420: 5402: 5381: 5360: 5328: 5292:Close encounter 5270: 5220: 5175: 5124: 5025: 4987: 4980: 4976:Space jellyfish 4971:Mystery airship 4966:Green fireballs 4934: 4779: 4726: 4693:Alderney (2007) 4662: 4653:Varginha (1996) 4386: 4334: 4304: 4291: 4286: 4256: 4251: 4247:Xenoarchaeology 4237:Technosignature 4138: 4074: 4060:Kardashev scale 4013: 3975: 3968: 3964:Xenolinguistics 3929:Project Phoenix 3919:Project Cyclops 3904:Lincos language 3867:Bracewell probe 3852:Arecibo message 3833: 3826: 3724:Icebreaker Life 3626: 3538: 3531: 3491: 3486: 3478: 3470: 3462: 3448: 3443: 3435: 3427: 3419: 3405: 3400: 3392: 3371: 3312: 3307: 3277: 3272: 3271: 3262: 3260: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3230: 3219: 3210: 3205:. UFO Evidence. 3197: 3196: 3192: 3185: 3181: 3170: 3166: 3150: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3128:"Archived copy" 3126: 3125: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3100: 3091: 3089: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3061:Wayback Machine 3052:, pg. AW4, and 3044:American Weekly 3040:Wayback Machine 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3014:Good (1988), 23 3013: 3009: 3000: 2998: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2977: 2975: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2942: 2940: 2930:Washington Post 2924: 2923: 2919: 2910: 2908: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2885: 2883: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2863:Wayback Machine 2853: 2849: 2843:Wayback Machine 2833: 2829: 2819: 2817: 2807: 2803: 2793: 2791: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2768: 2766: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2730: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2635:Washington Post 2629: 2628: 2624: 2608: 2607: 2600: 2598: 2542: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2518:Carter, Jamie. 2516: 2512: 2502: 2500: 2454: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2357: 2353: 2341: 2334: 2328:Wayback Machine 2318: 2314: 2305: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2277: 2273: 2261: 2257: 2252:Wayback Machine 2242: 2238: 2229: 2227: 2209: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2186:Wayback Machine 2177: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2159:Wayback Machine 2149: 2138: 2129: 2127: 2120:Popular Science 2114: 2113: 2109: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2073: 2069: 2058: 2054: 2041: 2037: 2023: 2019: 2012:news.google.com 2006: 2005: 2001: 1992: 1988: 1975:Daily Chronicle 1972: 1968: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1932: 1928: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902:, 1998, 199-200 1897: 1893: 1877: 1873: 1854: 1850: 1842: 1838: 1831: 1815: 1811: 1798: 1797: 1790: 1783:news.google.com 1777: 1776: 1772: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1658: 1642:NASA Mars rover 1629:U.S. government 1621: 1521:Robertson Panel 1467:Hoyt Vandenberg 1413: 1380: 1374: 1322: 1293: 1256: 1215:", even though 1049:Stephen Hawking 1037: 1024: 1019: 1013: 996:Popular Science 967: 959:Robertson Panel 936:Hoyt Vandenberg 913: 832: 770: 704:Percival Lowell 695: 671:Philip J. Klass 640: 600: 507:Nation of Islam 391:GEIPAN - France 373: 297:Gorman dogfight 232: 221: 220: 219: 214: 208: 205: 198: 186:This article's 182: 167: 156: 150: 147: 104: 102: 92: 80: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6316: 6306: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6264: 6252: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6170: 6165: 6159: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6131:Northern Light 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6092: 6090: 6087:Cancelled and 6084: 6083: 6081: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5977: 5964: 5962:Europa Clipper 5959: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5918: 5913: 5905: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5868: 5861: 5860: 5859: 5846: 5845: 5844: 5831: 5826: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5729: 5727: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5634: 5632: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5558:Drake equation 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5497:Exoplanetology 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5472:Astrochemistry 5468: 5466: 5462: 5461: 5454: 5453: 5446: 5439: 5431: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5407: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5368: 5366: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5237: 5235: 5226: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5185: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5166:Time-traveller 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5039: 5033: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4992: 4990: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4946:Black triangle 4942: 4940: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4925:United Kingdom 4922: 4917: 4914:Canary Islands 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4845:Czech Republic 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4608:Manises (1979) 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4528:Westall (1966) 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4448:Mariana (1950) 4445: 4440: 4435: 4433:Mantell (1948) 4430: 4425: 4423:Roswell (1947) 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4394: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4342: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4292: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4270: 4262: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4148: 4146: 4144:Related topics 4140: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4134:Zoo hypothesis 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4085: 4083: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4035:Drake equation 4032: 4027: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3980: 3978: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3914:Pioneer plaque 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3838: 3836: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3787: 3782: 3774: 3766: 3764:Northern Light 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3705: 3704: 3691: 3688:Europa Clipper 3684: 3679: 3674: 3667: 3660: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3636: 3634: 3632:Space missions 3628: 3627: 3625: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3543: 3541: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3489: 3487:(radio signal) 3481: 3473: 3471:(inconclusive) 3465: 3463:(radio source) 3456: 3454: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3446: 3438: 3430: 3425:EPIC 204278916 3422: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3395: 3386: 3384: 3377: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3369: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3320: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3305: 3298: 3291: 3283: 3276: 3275:External links 3273: 3270: 3269: 3239: 3208: 3190: 3179: 3164: 3119: 3107: 3098: 3073: 3064: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2983: 2961: 2949: 2917: 2892: 2867: 2847: 2827: 2801: 2776: 2750: 2724: 2699: 2673: 2647: 2622: 2536: 2510: 2468:(2): 150–158. 2448: 2423: 2371:(2): 629–633. 2351: 2332: 2312: 2299: 2287: 2271: 2255: 2236: 2203: 2189: 2171: 2162: 2136: 2107: 2101:Timothy Good, 2094: 2087: 2067: 2052: 2035: 2017: 1999: 1993:Jerome Clark, 1986: 1966: 1950: 1941: 1926: 1913: 1904: 1898:Jerome Clark, 1891: 1871: 1848: 1836: 1829: 1809: 1788: 1770: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1670: 1665: 1663:Alan F. Alford 1659: 1657: 1654: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1593: 1586: 1570: 1549: 1546:J. Allen Hynek 1542:Project Grudge 1525: 1517: 1490: 1483:Hermann Oberth 1478: 1475:J. Allen Hynek 1458: 1454:Flying saucers 1435: 1434: 1422:Paul Santorini 1412: 1409: 1400: 1399: 1376:Main article: 1373: 1370: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1321: 1318: 1292: 1291:Recent support 1289: 1285: 1284: 1249: 1245: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1205: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1160:J. Allen Hynek 1154: 1153: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1073: 1072: 1061: 1060: 1036: 1033: 1023: 1020: 1012: 1009: 966: 963: 912: 909: 905:atomic testing 836:Kenneth Arnold 831: 828: 769: 766: 722:and scientist 700:Martian canals 694: 691: 651:Jacques Vallée 639: 636: 602: 601: 599: 598: 591: 584: 576: 573: 572: 571: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 532: 531: 527: 526: 525: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 486: 485: 479: 478: 477: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 448: 447: 441: 440: 439: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 375: 374: 372: 371: 365: 362: 361: 360: 359: 354: 352:Phoenix Lights 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 294: 292:Chiles-Whitted 289: 284: 279: 274: 266: 265: 258: 257: 249: 248: 234: 233: 216: 215: 195:the key points 185: 183: 176: 169: 168: 83: 81: 74: 69: 43: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6315: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6293:Pseudoscience 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6263: 6262: 6253: 6251: 6250: 6241: 6240: 6237: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6152: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6085: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6028:Europa Lander 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5898: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5841: 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5384: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5319:Organizations 5317: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5227: 5223: 5217: 5216:Project Serpo 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5194:Storm Area 51 5192: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5016:Nordic aliens 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4996:Energy beings 4994: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4961:Ghost rockets 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4951:Flying saucer 4949: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939:Types of UFOs 4937: 4931: 4930:United States 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4701: 4699: 4698:Norway (2009) 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4568:Tehran (1976) 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4518:Exeter (1965) 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4458:Sperry (1950) 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4428:Rhodes (1947) 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4382:Aurora (1897) 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4283: 4278: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4080:Fermi paradox 4077: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4045:Fermi paradox 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4004:Nordic aliens 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3984:Energy beings 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3834:communication 3829: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 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3299: 3297: 3292: 3290: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3259: 3258:UniverseToday 3255: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3228: 3224: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3183: 3177: 3175: 3168: 3160: 3154: 3140:on 2009-07-16 3136: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3102: 3088:on 2010-01-24 3087: 3083: 3077: 3068: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3029: 3020: 3011: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2973: 2972: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2921: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2844: 2840: 2837: 2831: 2816: 2812: 2809:Gertz, John. 2805: 2790: 2786: 2780: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2739: 2735: 2728: 2713: 2709: 2703: 2688: 2684: 2677: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2618: 2612: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2525: 2521: 2514: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2452: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2355: 2349: 2348:1-57859-029-9 2345: 2339: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2310:UFO Symposium 2309: 2303: 2296: 2291: 2285: 2284:0-446-52565-0 2281: 2275: 2269: 2268:0-8014-0740-0 2265: 2259: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2240: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2175: 2166: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2126:on 2016-01-07 2125: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2104: 2098: 2090: 2084: 2081:. Routledge. 2080: 2079: 2071: 2065: 2063: 2056: 2049: 2048:0-7006-1032-4 2045: 2039: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2013: 2009: 2003: 1996: 1990: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1930: 1923: 1917: 1908: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1888:0-253-19006-1 1885: 1881: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1861:0-7006-1032-4 1858: 1852: 1846: 1840: 1832: 1830:9780394450032 1826: 1822: 1821: 1813: 1805: 1801: 1795: 1793: 1784: 1780: 1774: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1751: 1747: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1690:Fermi paradox 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1675: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1646:signs of life 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1590:COMETA report 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1574:Condon Report 1571: 1568: 1567:Donald Keyhoe 1564: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1431: 1430:Ghost rockets 1427: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1417: 1408: 1404: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1379: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1349:Brian O'Leary 1346: 1345:Gordon Cooper 1342: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1317: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1288: 1282: 1280: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1265:Space Shuttle 1262: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1066: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1042: 1032: 1029: 1028:phenomenology 1018: 1008: 1006: 1001: 998: 997: 992: 991: 986: 985: 980: 979: 974: 973: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 947:1952 UFO flap 944: 939: 937: 928: 926: 922: 918: 908: 906: 902: 899: 895: 891: 887: 882: 877: 875: 874:mass hysteria 871: 865: 863: 858: 853: 847: 845: 841: 840:Mount Rainier 837: 827: 825: 821: 820: 815: 811: 806: 803: 799: 795: 791: 790: 785: 781: 779: 775: 765: 763: 759: 755: 754:pseudoscience 750: 748: 744: 740: 736: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 690: 688: 687:Condon Report 684: 680: 679:Edward Condon 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 649: 645: 635: 633: 629: 628:other planets 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 597: 592: 590: 585: 583: 578: 577: 575: 574: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 535: 534: 533: 529: 528: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 502:Heaven's Gate 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 489: 488: 487: 484: 481: 480: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 451: 450: 449: 446: 443: 442: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 378: 377: 376: 370: 367: 366: 364: 363: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 332:Travis Walton 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 287:Mantell crash 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 269: 268: 267: 263: 260: 259: 255: 251: 250: 247: 243: 240: 239: 230: 227: 212: 202: 196: 194: 189: 184: 180: 175: 174: 165: 162: 154: 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: – 111: 107: 106:Find sources: 100: 96: 90: 89: 84:This article 82: 78: 73: 72: 67: 65: 58: 57: 52: 51: 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 6259: 6247: 6156:and programs 6154:Institutions 5972: 5954: 5932:Heliocentric 5920: 5908: 5876: 5863: 5855:Perseverance 5854: 5839: 5643:Earth analog 5630:habitability 5598:Ocean planet 5568:Earth analog 5553:Biosignature 5512:Paleontology 5507:Microbiology 5487:Biochemistry 5477:Astrophysics 5458:Astrobiology 5302:Crop circles 5261:Perspectives 5211:Men in black 5156:Psychosocial 5042: 4799:South Africa 4704: 4675: 4667:21st century 4391:20th century 4242:UFO religion 4187:Extremophile 4167:Biosignature 4162:Astroecology 4157:Astrobiology 4109:Great Filter 3924:Project Ozma 3832:Interstellar 3819: 3812: 3790: 3778:Perseverance 3777: 3769: 3699: 3686: 3669: 3662: 3655: 3557:Earth analog 3539:habitability 3522:Life on Mars 3261:. 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G. Wells 780:structure. 745:(1923) and 716:philosopher 708:H. G. Wells 659:Aimé Michel 517:Scientology 464:Majestic 12 6277:Categories 6136:Red Dragon 5916:OSIRIS-REx 5900:Comets and 5603:Panspermia 5365:Skepticism 5324:Ufologists 5206:Dulce Base 5129:Hypotheses 5006:Insectoids 4413:1947 craze 4212:Noogenesis 4192:Hemolithin 4070:Panspermia 4018:Hypotheses 3994:Insectoids 3959:Water hole 3460:SHGb02+14a 3433:VVV-WIT-07 3263:2011-11-06 3233:2011-11-06 3144:2010-05-05 3092:2009-03-20 3001:2022-11-05 2978:2023-05-04 2943:2023-05-04 2911:2023-05-04 2886:2023-05-04 2563:2103.01536 2230:2020-04-30 2130:2011-01-30 1959:Transcript 1765:B0007DRR38 1742:References 1700:Murry Hope 1680:David Icke 1499:Los Alamos 1269:circumvent 1225:biospheres 1053:Carl Sagan 778:egg-shaped 693:Chronology 620:spacecraft 563:Ufologists 264:and hoaxes 151:March 2015 121:newspapers 50:improve it 6053:Laplace-P 5956:Dragonfly 5910:Hayabusa2 5902:asteroids 5871:Tianwen-1 5849:Mars 2020 5840:Curiosity 5773:Eu:CROPIS 5628:Planetary 5349:Religions 5297:Contactee 5266:Insurance 5256:Narrative 5251:Claimants 5201:Bob Lazar 5161:Nazi UFOs 4865:Indonesia 4815:Australia 4810:Argentina 4082:solutions 3949:setiQuest 3944:SETI@home 3759:Mars 2020 3734:Laplace-P 3671:Dragonfly 3656:Curiosity 3537:Planetary 3116:UFOs? Yes 3105:Good, 347 2938:0190-8286 2905:UVA Today 2596:232092198 2588:0094-5765 2498:232148456 2490:1473-5504 2403:0094-5765 2378:1309.7586 2225:0261-3077 2105:, 328-335 1582:UFOs? Yes 1507:radiation 1503:Oak Ridge 1308:. A 2021 1248:changes). 743:New Lands 728:afterlife 648:ufologist 638:Etymology 630:visiting 483:Religions 459:Bob Lazar 312:1952 flap 277:1947 wave 209:July 2023 193:summarize 56:talk page 6249:Category 6111:Kazachok 6101:Beagle 3 6033:ExoLance 5986:Proposed 5824:Beagle 2 5798:OREOcube 5778:EXOSTACK 5719:missions 5416:Category 5282:Implants 5246:Entities 3934:SERENDIP 3909:NIROSETI 3821:Viking 2 3814:Viking 1 3719:Foton-M3 3709:ExoLance 3640:Beagle 2 3153:cite web 3057:Archived 3036:Archived 2859:Archived 2839:Archived 2789:wbtv.com 2712:Futurism 2601:17 April 2529:17 April 2441:30 April 2436:phys.org 2416:30 April 2411:53990678 2324:Archived 2248:Archived 2182:Archived 2155:Archived 1973:Spokane 1961:care of 1656:See also 1640:and the 1450:at right 1384:cover-up 1209:humanoid 1011:Religion 981:(1953), 975:(1951), 901:prophecy 898:Biblical 844:fan mail 6303:Ufology 6261:Commons 6078:Trident 6068:Oceanus 5967:ExoMars 5948:Planned 5922:Rosetta 5877:Zhurong 5865:Phoenix 5803:Tanpopo 5793:O/OREOS 5738:BIOCORE 5344:Fiction 5337:Culture 5241:History 5189:Area 51 5030:Studies 4825:Belgium 4820:Belarus 4805:Albania 4318:General 4300:Ufology 3798:Tanpopo 3694:ExoMars 3398:CTA-102 3390:CP 1919 2820:22 July 2794:22 July 2769:24 June 2743:24 June 2717:24 June 2692:24 June 2666:13 June 2640:13 June 2568:Bibcode 2503:22 July 2470:Bibcode 2383:Bibcode 2297:; 1973. 1866:La Pays 1229:gravity 890:mirages 774:Le Pays 512:Raëlism 454:Area 51 282:Roswell 246:ufology 135:scholar 6210:MERMOZ 6003:CAESAR 5891:Viking 5808:VEGGIE 5783:EXPOSE 5763:E-MIST 5753:BIOPAN 5743:Biolab 5703:Tholin 5312:GEIPAN 4920:Sweden 4905:Russia 4900:Poland 4895:Norway 4880:Mexico 4855:Greece 4850:France 4835:Canada 4830:Brazil 4795:Africa 4676:Nimitz 4353:(740s) 4202:MERMOZ 3791:Spirit 3714:EXPOSE 3664:Darwin 3622:Tholin 3368:(2011) 3362:(2000) 3356:(1984) 3350:(1977) 3344:(1976) 3338:(1969) 3332:(1911) 3326:(1865) 2936: 2594: 2586: 2524:Forbes 2496: 2488: 2409: 2401: 2346: 2282: 2266: 2223: 2085: 2064:, p. 6 2046: 1886: 1859: 1827: 1763: 1636:, the 1608:GEIPAN 1578:Condon 1281:travel 1261:joules 1186:effect 1067:wrote 1055:said: 881:Gallup 872:, and 720:mystic 137: 130: 123: 116: 108: 6126:MELOS 5998:BRUIE 5975:rover 5879:rover 5857:rover 5842:rover 5717:Space 5275:Other 4910:Spain 4885:Nepal 4875:Italy 4860:India 4840:China 3793:rover 3780:rover 3772:rover 3702:rover 3658:rover 3453:Other 3410:Stars 3138:(PDF) 3131:(PDF) 2592:S2CID 2558:arXiv 2494:S2CID 2407:S2CID 2373:arXiv 2308:MUFON 1600:SEPRA 1563:NICAP 1530:NICAP 1202:radar 1164:MUFON 1120:Hoax 1005:Roper 758:NICAP 632:Earth 474:Serpo 142:JSTOR 128:books 6073:THEO 5817:Mars 5748:Bion 5354:list 4870:Iran 4703:USS 4674:USS 4289:UFOs 3484:BLC1 3159:link 2934:ISSN 2822:2021 2796:2021 2771:2021 2745:2021 2719:2021 2694:2021 2668:2021 2642:2021 2617:link 2603:2021 2584:ISSN 2531:2021 2505:2021 2486:ISSN 2443:2021 2418:2021 2399:ISSN 2344:ISBN 2280:ISBN 2264:ISBN 2221:ISSN 2083:ISBN 2044:ISBN 1884:ISBN 1857:ISBN 1825:ISBN 1761:ASIN 1634:SETI 1612:CNES 1501:and 1492:The 1424:, a 1325:NASA 1320:NASA 1304:and 1277:see 1039:The 894:hoax 812:and 762:APRO 760:and 683:some 606:The 244:and 242:UFOs 114:news 5768:ERA 5733:BIO 2764:CNN 2576:doi 2554:182 2478:doi 2391:doi 1982:Sun 1513:sic 1494:CIA 1259:10 1117:12% 1109:21% 1101:22% 1093:23% 1045:ETH 932:ETH 822:by 747:Lo! 612:ETH 97:by 6279:: 3256:. 3242:^ 3211:^ 3201:. 3155:}} 3151:{{ 2994:. 2932:. 2928:. 2903:. 2878:. 2813:. 2787:. 2762:. 2736:. 2710:. 2685:. 2658:. 2633:. 2613:}} 2609:{{ 2590:. 2582:. 2574:. 2566:. 2552:. 2548:. 2522:. 2492:. 2484:. 2476:. 2466:20 2464:. 2460:. 2434:. 2405:. 2397:. 2389:. 2381:. 2369:94 2367:. 2363:. 2335:^ 2219:. 2215:. 2139:^ 2118:. 2010:. 1791:^ 1781:. 1283:). 1227:, 1223:, 1149:3% 1141:3% 1133:7% 1125:9% 1003:A 907:. 888:, 764:. 730:. 718:, 634:. 59:. 5450:e 5443:t 5436:v 4916:) 4912:( 4801:) 4797:( 4281:e 4274:t 4267:v 3302:e 3295:t 3288:v 3266:. 3236:. 3161:) 3147:. 3095:. 3004:. 2946:. 2914:. 2889:. 2824:. 2798:. 2773:. 2747:. 2721:. 2696:. 2670:. 2644:. 2619:) 2605:. 2578:: 2570:: 2560:: 2533:. 2507:. 2480:: 2472:: 2445:. 2420:. 2393:: 2385:: 2375:: 2233:. 2200:. 2133:. 2014:. 1785:. 1767:. 1477:. 1257:× 610:( 595:e 588:t 581:v 229:) 223:( 211:) 207:( 197:. 164:) 158:( 153:) 149:( 139:· 132:· 125:· 118:· 91:. 66:) 62:( 20:)

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