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war-cry "Douglas! Douglas!" went up for the first time. Some of the
English soldiers were killed and others taken prisoner. The prisoners were taken to the castle, now largely empty. All the stores were piled together in the cellar, the wine casks burst open and the wood used for fuel. The prisoners were then beheaded and placed on top of the pile, which was set alight. Before departing, the wells were poisoned with salt and the carcasses of dead horses. The local people soon gave the whole gruesome episode the name "the Douglas Larder." As an example of frightfulness in war, it was meant to leave a lasting impression, not least upon the men who came to replace their dead colleagues. Further attacks followed by the man now known to the English, according to the poet John Barbour, as "The blak Dowglas", a sinister and murderous force "mair fell than wes ony devill in hell."
1040:, Uthman, unable to bring the Christians to battle, devised a stratagem in an attempt to force them to abandon the siege. A body of cavalry was sent to make a diversionary attack across the Guadalteba river, luring Alfonso out to fight while Uthman circled round to attack the Christian camp and destroy the besieging army's supplies. Alfonso, however, having received report of Uthman's approach, kept most of his army back in camp while he sent a contingent to meet the demonstration on the river. It is as part of this force that some commentators assume Douglas and his company joined the battle. When Uthman arrived at the enemy camp he found Alfonso's men armed and ready. He abandoned his attack and rode to support the diversionary force on the river where, unable to withstand the Castilian assault, his men were already starting to fall back.
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1051:'s description of Douglas' last battle, when the enemy broke, Sir James and his companions followed hard behind. Having outstripped most of his men in the pursuit, Douglas suddenly found himself far out in front with only a few of his followers around him. As they rode back to rejoin the main body, a body of Moors, seizing their opportunity, quickly rallied and counterattacked. When Douglas saw
733:. But in a real sense this 'war of the borders' belonged uniquely to Douglas, and became the basis for his family's steady ascent to greatness in years to come. War ruined many ancient noble houses; it was the true making of the house of Douglas. The tactics used by Douglas were simple but effective: his men rode into battle – or retreated as the occasion demanded – on small horses known as
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Robert Bruce's men, who had been concealed in caves and woodland, made a serious attack on our men...From such ambushes our men suffered heavy losses. For Robert Bruce, knowing himself unequal to the king of
England in strength or fortune, decided it would be better to resist our king by secret warfare rather than dispute his right in open battle.
912:, minor as it was, was a serious humiliation, and after the Scots outflanked their enemy the following night, heading back to the border, Edward is said to have wept in impotent rage. His army retired to York and disbanded. With no other recourse Mortimer and Isabella opened peace negotiations, finally concluded the following year with the
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Uthman arrived too late to prevent a general rout and the entire
Granadan force was driven back in confusion to their camp in the Turon valley, 10 miles to the south. It is in this phase of the battle that some modern commentators have placed Douglas' death, either caught in flank when Usman's force
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as a mark of penance. John
Barbour, alternatively, has Bruce ask that his heart should simply be carried in battle against "God's foes" as a token of his unfulfilled ambition to go on crusade. Given that Jerusalem had been in Muslim hands since 1187, this second is perhaps more likely. When Bruce was
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The
English commanders finally caught sight of their elusive opponents on the southern banks of the River Wear. The Scots were in a good position but declined all attempts to draw them into battle. After a while they left, only to take up an even stronger position at Stanhope Park, a hunting preserve
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Once the
English army was defeated, Douglas requested the honour of pursuing the fleeing Edward and his party of knights, a task carried out with such relentless vigour that the fugitives, according to Barbour, "had not even leisure to make water". In the end Edward managed to evade Douglas by taking
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In the years before 1314 the
English presence in Scotland was reduced to a few significant strongholds. There were both strengths and weaknesses in this. The Scots had no heavy equipment or the means of attacking castles by conventional means. However, this inevitably produced a degree of complacency
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The king entered
Scotland with his army but not a rebel was to be found...At that time Robert Bruce, who lurked continually in hiding, did them all the injury he could. One day, when some English and Welsh, always ready for plunder, had gone out on a raid, accompanied by many horsemen from the army,
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that it became widely known as the 'Chapter of Myton.' It was hardly a passage of any great military glory for
Douglas but as a strategy the whole Yorkshire raid produced the result intended: there was such dissension among Edward's army that the attempt on Berwick was abandoned. It was to remain
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With the help of his kinsman Thomas
Dickson, son of Earl Richard Keith and Castellan of Douglas Castle, Douglas and his small troop were hidden until the morning of Palm Sunday, when the garrison left the battlements to attend the local church. Gathering local support, he entered the church and the
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about to be surrounded and cut off, he led the few knights who were with him to attempt a rescue but, outnumbered twenty to one, the group was overrun. It has become a popular legend that Douglas then took from his neck the silver casket which contained the heart of Bruce and threw it before him
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The Lord James Douglas took with him about two hundred men-at-arms, and passed the river far off from the host so that he was not perceived: and suddenly he broke into the English host about midnight crying 'Douglas!' 'Douglas!' 'Ye shall all die thieves of England'; and he slew three hundred men,
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In April 1318 Douglas was instrumental in capturing Berwick from the English, the first time the castle and town had been in Scottish hands since 1296. For Edward, seemingly blind to the sufferings of his northern subjects, this was one humiliation too many. A new army was assembled, the largest
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1307, which fell on 19 March. Some question whether this date is too early as Bruce and his small army were not yet established in south-west Scotland, suggesting Palm Sunday 1308 – 17 April – as a more accurate date. However, as Barbour states that at the time of the Douglas Larder the Scots were
886:, his teenage son, though all power remained in the hands of Mortimer and Isabella. The new political arrangements in England effectively broke the truce with the former king, arranged some years before. Once again the raids began, with the intention of forcing concessions from the government.
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among the enemy, saying, "Now pass thou onward as thou wert wont, and Douglas will follow thee or die." This anecdote has its origin in a 16th-century addition to Barbour's poem which, however, describes Douglas making the gesture at the beginning of his final battle. It was Sir Walter Scott in
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makes no reference to such a catastrophe. It does, however, state that in a fierce skirmish some days prior to the climactic battle, an unnamed "foreign count" (arguably a reference to Douglas) had died as a result of his own rash behaviour. This is one of only two battle casualties mentioned
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Bannockburn left northern England open to attack and in the years that followed many communities in the area became closely acquainted with the 'Blak Dowglas.' Along with Randolph, Douglas was to make a new name for himself in a war of mobility, which carried Scots raiders as far south as
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not yet established in south-west Scotland and indeed that Douglas was the only one of Bruce's men anywhere in the area, there is reason to think that Barbour's date is probably correct. Barbour says that the Larder was the first act toward becoming established in that part of Scotland.
550:, but with the real intention of drawing out Bruce and his men. The Scots army, roughly a quarter the size of the enemy force, was poised to the south of Stirling and prepared to make a quick withdrawal into the wild country to the west. However, their position just north of the
524:– several dark shapes were seen beneath the battlements and mistakenly assumed to be cattle. Douglas had ordered his men to cover themselves with their cloaks and crawl towards the castle on their hands and knees. With most of the garrison celebrating just prior to the fast of
318:, were essential to keeping the enemy in the South and freeing Bruce to campaign in the north. He soon created a formidable reputation for himself as a soldier and a tactician. While Bruce was campaigning in the north against his domestic enemies, Douglas used the cover of
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took the right wing, and King Robert the rearguard. However, contemporary English accounts state that the Scottish army consisted of three units, so the idea that Douglas and Stewart commanded a unit could be a later invention or the English account is simply mistaken.
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had strong natural advantages, and the king gave orders to suspend for a time the guerrilla tactics pursued hitherto. On the morning of 24 June and prior to battle, Barbour states it was then that Douglas was made a knight. Many now believe that Douglas was made a
846:. Bruce had pursued a scorched-earth campaign, denying the enemy essential supplies, so effective that they were forced to retreat by the spur of starvation alone. Once again this provided the signal for a Scottish advance: Bruce, Douglas and Moray crossed the
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It would appear that the Scottish commanders had news of the Queen's whereabouts, for the rumour spread that one of the aims of the raid was to take her prisoner. As the Scots approached York she was hurriedly removed from the city, eventually taking refuge in
346:, kinsmen of the Comyns, the climax to Bruce's campaign in the north. Two years before, the Macdougalls had intercepted and mauled the royal army at the Battle of Dalrigh. Now they awaited the arrival of their opponents in the narrow Pass of Brander, between
801:, after Randolph if Robert should die without a male heir. This was decided at a parliament held at Scone in December 1318, where it was noted that "Randolph and Sir James took the guardianship upon themselves with the approbation of the whole community."
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Edward was even moved to write to the Pope in impotent fury, complaining that "Robert Bruce and his accomplices, when lately we went into parts of Scotland to repress their rebellion, concealed themselves in secret places after the manner of foxes."
834:, set about organising a home guard, which of necessity included a great number of priests and other minor clerics. The two sides met up at Myton-on-Swale, with inevitable consequences. So many priests, friars and clerics were killed in the
862:. To dislodge him King Robert used essentially the same tactics as that of Brander in 1308: while Douglas and Moray attacked from the front a party of Highlanders scaled the cliffs on Richmond's flank and attacked from the rear. The
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The knight banneret was established under Edward I. A knight banneret held no command responsibilities so much as greater honours . A knight banneret fought under his own banner unlike a knight bachelor who was limited to a
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in garrisons provisioned enough to withstand a blockade. In dealing with this problem the Scots responded in the manner of foxes; and among the more cunning of their exploits was Douglas' capture of the powerful fortress at
275:, who died circa 1287 or early 1288. His father remarried in late 1288 so Douglas' birth had to be prior to that; however, the destruction of records in Scotland makes an exact date or even year impossible to pinpoint.
358:. While Bruce pinned down the enemy in a frontal advance through the pass, Douglas, completely unobserved, led a party of loyal Highlanders further up the mountain, launching a surprise attack from the rear. Soon the
614:– now in Bruce's hands. It did not, however, end the war. Edward had been soundly defeated but he still refused to abandon his claim to Scotland. For Douglas one struggle had ended and another was about to begin.
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belonging to the bishops of Durham. From here on the night of 4 August Douglas led an assault party across the river in a surprise attack on the sleeping English, later described in a French eyewitness account;
1013:, the Berber general in command of the Moorish forces, marched to relieve the border stronghold. At some point during the siege, Douglas was killed. Sources and commentators differ as to how. According to
528:, scaling hooks with rope ladders attached were thrown up the walls. Taken by complete surprise the defenders were overwhelmed in a short space of time. Roxburgh Castle, among the best in the land, was
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Sir James Douglas is the lead character in J. R. Tomlin's Black Douglas Trilogy. The trilogy focuses on Douglas's friendship with King Robert the Bruce and his part in the Scottish War of Independence.
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since 1314, with the intention of recapturing what had become a symbol of English prestige and their last tangible asset in Scotland. Edward arrived at the gates of the town in the summer of 1319,
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By 1333 the 'bloody heart' was incorporated in the arms of Sir James' son, William, Lord of Douglas. It subsequently appeared, sometimes with a royal crown, in every branch of the Douglas family.
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and the adjacent valleys. On 10 July a large English army, under the nominal command of the young king, left York in a campaign that resembles nothing less than an elephant in pursuit of a hare.
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some in their beds and some scarcely ready: and he stroke his horse with spurs, and came to the King's tent, always crying 'Douglas!', and stroke asunder two or three cords of the King's tent.
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Robert Bruce died in 1329. According to Jean le Bel, when Bruce was dying he asked that Sir James, as his friend and lieutenant, should carry his heart to the Holy Land and present it at the
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turned into a rout, and Edward and his queen were forced into a rapid and undignified flight from Rievaulx, the second time in three years that a Queen of England had taken to her heels.
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Douglas' military achievements inevitably increased his political standing still further. When Edward Bruce, the king's brother and designated successor, was killed in Ireland at the
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to mount highly effective mobile attacks against the enemy. He also showed himself to be utterly ruthless, particularly in his relentless attacks on the English garrison in his own
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was a member of the company and also survived is not found in any of the sources. The heart of Bruce was taken by Moray, the regent, and solemnly interred under the high altar of
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1091:. Barbour states that, after this battle, Douglas' body and the casket with Bruce's heart were recovered. His bones, the flesh boiled off them, were taken back to Scotland by
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writes in Book XV that Douglas fought under his own banner, hence Douglas had to be a knight banneret. Barbour does state Douglas and others were knighted on the field of the
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579:, "each in their own degree" which would suggest not all were knights bachelor. Others believe that he was knighted late in his career. There is disagreement on the point.
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came north with an army in 1310 in fruitless pursuit of an enemy that simply refused to be pinned down. The frustrations this obviously caused are detailed in the
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dead, his heart was cut from his body and placed in a silver and enamelled casket which Sir James placed around his neck. Early in 1330, Douglas set sail from
290:. Lamberton presented him at the occupying English court to petition for the return of his land shortly after the capture of Stirling Castle in 1304, but when
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Sonja Cameron, Sir James Douglas, Spain and the Holy Land in 'Freedom and Authority – Scotland 1050–1650.' ed. Brotherstone & Ditchwell, Edinburgh, 2000
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Sonja Cameron, Sir James Douglas, Spain and the Holy Land in 'Freedom and Authority – Scotland 1050–1650.' ed. Brotherstone & Ditchwell, Edinburgh, 2000
741:' to both horse and rider. All fighting, however, was on foot. Scottish hobelars were to cause the same degree of panic throughout northern England as the
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998:. In anticipation, he had with him a letter of introduction to King Alfonso from Edward III of England, his cousin. Accordingly, the Scots sailed on to
782:; a third group was defeated outside the walls of Berwick, where their leader, Sir Robert Neville, known as the 'Peacock of the North', and elder son to
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818:, where she took up residence. Not willing to risk a direct attack on the enemy, Bruce ordered Douglas and Moray on a large diversionary raid into
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Panic and confusion spread throughout the camp: Edward himself only narrowly escaped capture, his own pastor being killed in his defence. The
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Douglas and his company joined Alfonso's army, which then was setting out for the frontier of Granada to besiege the castle of Teba.
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The greatest challenge for Bruce came that same year as Edward invaded Scotland with a large army, nominally aimed at the relief of
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Douglas was sent to France for safety in the early days of the Wars of Independence, and was educated in Paris. There he met
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in the Scottish Borders also bears the name "Black Douglas". It carries the descriptive note, 'Dark and Bitter'.
755:, Douglas became even more significant as a border fighter. In February 1316 he won a significant engagement at
1244:'s Robert the Bruce trilogy. The trilogy focuses on King Robert the Bruce and the Scottish War of Independence.
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1276:. The film is a historical action drama, focusing on Robert the Bruce and the Scottish Wars of Independence.
1095:(who had missed the battle because of a broken arm), and deposited at St Bride's Church. The tradition that
1124:, among the first of its kind in Scottish history, which in 1914 was rendered in modern verse translation:
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1234:'s novella "The Last Voyage", which is collected in her short-story compilation "Tales of Spiral Castle".
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Casket allegedly containing Sir James' heart (left) in the floor of his family's mausoleum at St. Bride's
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Four years later Edward mounted what was to be his last invasion of Scotland, advancing to the gates of
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A Victorian depiction of Sir James (third from left), and other leaders of the Wars of Independence by
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Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sir James Douglas". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Feb. 2024,
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Douglas's actions for most of 1307 and early 1308, although confined for the most part to his native
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1033:. Barbour describes a grand battle in Spain but the setting is vague and the outcome ambiguous.
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Bannockburn effectively ended the English presence in Scotland, with all strongpoints – outwith
1328:"Black Douglas" name now fitted to class 68 Locomotive, 68030, working for Transpennine trains.
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326:, the most famous of which quickly passed into popular history. Barbour dates this incident to
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516:. His tactic, though simple, was brilliantly effective. On the night of 19/20 February 1314 –
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in the autumn of 1318, Douglas was named as Guardian of the Realm and tutor to the future
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With the king, Moray and Edward Bruce diverted in 1315 to a new theatre of operations in
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The Bruce of Bannockburn: being a translation of the greater portion of Barbour's Bruce
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with a party of horsemen sent out from the garrison of Berwick. The dead included one
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Sir James Douglas is the lead character of the novella, "The Knight" by Monica McCarty
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In the years that followed Douglas was given time to enhance his skills as a soldier.
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or destroyed in accordance with Bruce's policy of denying strongpoints to the enemy.
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In 1342 succeeded by Hugh's nephew (by Sir James' youngest half-brother Archibald),
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Barbour relates that Douglas and all the men caught with him were killed, including
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Traditional Scottish accounts dating from the 1370s state that during the battle,
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who created the image of Douglas throwing Bruce's heart as his dying act.
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suggests this might have been during fighting for access to water. Citing
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Arms borne by of all successive Douglases after Sir James. (Excepting the
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Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. 18, p. 628, (Fifth Edition) Edinburgh 1817
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652: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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heard whose son he was he grew angry and Douglas was forced to depart.
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is this seventeenth-century tower which was spared demolition in 1938.
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ed. Documents and Records Illustrating the History of Scotland, 1837.
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1325:"Black Douglas" was the name given to British Rail locomotive 87030.
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turned into a rout. Returning south soon after, Douglas joined with
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reached the river or in the ensuing pursuit to the Granadan camp.
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https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Douglas-Scottish-noble
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The Black Douglases: War and Lordship in late Medieval Scotland
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In August 1308, Douglas met the king for a joint attack on the
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Gascon governor of Berwick Castle, and seemingly a nephew of
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St. Bride's Kirk, Douglas, final resting place of Sir James
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Statue of Douglas at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery
986:. There it may be that Douglas received confirmation that
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was intercepted and defeated at Lintalee, to the south of
1307:"The Black Douglas" is a song that first appeared on the
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In 1333 succeeded by his uncle, Sir James' half-brother,
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individually in the Castilian narrative of the campaign.
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Further successes followed: another raiding party led by
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Sir James Douglas is a character in the low-budget film
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All that remains of the house that stood on the site of
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Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland
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Scottish pre-union military personnel killed in action
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Video footage of St Bride's Church and Douglas Castle
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Edward III and his Wars: Extracts from the Chronicles
1703:, ed. Bain, J. Vol III, AD 1307–1357. Edinburgh 1887.
271:). His mother was Elizabeth Stewart, the daughter of
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Scottish people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
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1230:Sir James Douglas is the lead character in author
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1240:Sir James Douglas is a major character in author
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874:In 1327, the hapless Edward II was deposed in a
247:. He was one of the chief commanders during the
1172:Sir James had two children by unknown mothers:
273:Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland
889:By mid-summer Douglas and Moray were ravaging
839:in Scottish hands for the next fifteen years.
1466:, Peter Bedrick Books, New York, 1989, p 157.
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1139:His bones were large, his shoulders strong,
211:Tomb of Sir James, St Bride's Kirk, Douglas
2017:Signatories to the Declaration of Arbroath
1700:Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland
1554:Froissart, ms Kortrijk 329, folio 19r, 19v
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712:Learn how and when to remove this message
476:Learn how and when to remove this message
1286:"The Black Douglas" is an export market
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1131:Should praise his looks in high degree.
1120:provides us with a pen portrait of the
1972:People from Douglas, South Lanarkshire
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1603:Ch. 11, Tales of a Grandfather, (1827)
856:John de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond
169:Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas
1208:succeeded his once removed cousin as
990:was preparing a campaign against the
594:was commanded by his cousin Douglas,
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1888:The Real Black Douglas (Documentary)
1194:William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas
1137:His limbs were finely made and long,
776:Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel
650:adding citations to reliable sources
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496:, a contemporary English chronicle;
414:adding citations to reliable sources
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374:, going on to a further campaign in
1266:Sir James Douglas was portrayed by
1143:And those say that set eyes on him,
1135:His hair was black, so I heard say,
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1708:Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough
832:William Melton, Archbishop of York
584:Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray
179:William the Hardy, Lord of Douglas
103:First War of Scottish Independence
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1898:Black Douglas descendents in Deal
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1858:A History of the House of Douglas
1628:"The Man, the Shield, the Legend"
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1869:James the Good:The Black Douglas
1818:The Scottish War of Independence
1149:But those with him in battle saw
661:"James Douglas, Lord of Douglas"
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425:"James Douglas, Lord of Douglas"
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1977:Nobility from South Lanarkshire
1893:Sion nan Gaidheal – Byland Moor
1667:, trans. A. A. H. Duncan, 1964.
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1987:14th-century Scottish nobility
1982:13th-century Scottish nobility
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1921:Sir William Douglas the Hardy
1778:, ed. N. Denholm Young, 1957.
1695:, ed. D. E. R. Watt, 1987–96.
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1145:When happy, loveable was he,
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1319:
978:The party stopped first at
814:accompanying him as far as
165:William IV, Lord of Douglas
10:
2038:
1992:House of Douglas and Angus
1764:, trans. H. Maxwell, 1913.
1648:
1313:A Little of What You Fancy
1232:Patricia Kennealy-Morrison
1038:Gran Cronica de Alfonso XI
1019:Gran Cronica de Alfonso XI
955:
617:
539:
2007:People of the Reconquista
1940:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1654:Documentary and narrative
1362:Fraser vol i, pp. 101–102
1280:
360:Battle of Pass of Brander
259:He was the eldest son of
184:
174:
160:
148:
95:
75:
48:
36:
23:
1849:IV vols. Edinburgh 1885.
1733:Chronica Gentis Scotorum
1337:
1301:
1251:
1177:William, Lord of Douglas
1116:The poet and chronicler
233:– 25 August 1330) was a
1794:1 December 2017 at the
1353:. Accessed 2 June 2024.
910:Battle of Stanhope Park
1527:Fraser, vol i, p. 137.
1501:Scott, Ronald McNair,
1436:Scott, Ronald McNair,
1410:Scott, Ronald McNair,
1181:Battle of Halidon Hill
1165:
1113:
1111:Memorial stone at Teba
1062:Tales of a Grandfather
1002:, where, according to
953:
945:
935:
906:
748:of the ninth century.
737:, giving the name of '
505:
311:
212:
204:
1883:James Lord of Douglas
1861:II vols. London 1902.
1545:Fraser, vol i, p. 143
1536:Fraser, vol i, p. 133
1462:Ronald McNair Scott,
1126:
1109:
1077:Sir William St. Clair
1053:Sir William St. Clair
1011:Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula
988:Alfonso XI of Castile
951:
941:
931:Douglases of Dalkeith
927:
914:Treaty of Northampton
899:
882:. He was replaced by
577:Battle of Bannockburn
542:Battle of Bannockburn
498:
305:
210:
197:
108:Battle of Bannockburn
1912:Baronage of Scotland
1853:Maxwell, Sir Herbert
1776:Vita Edwardi Secundi
1614:"Outlaw King (2018)"
1290:named in his honour.
1268:Aaron Taylor-Johnson
864:Battle of Old Byland
646:improve this article
494:Vita Edwardi Secundi
410:improve this article
1841:Fraser, Sir William
1761:Lanercost Chronicle
1711:, ed. H. Rothwell,
1270:in the 2018's film
1204:(circa 1330–1400),
1179:killed 1333 at the
1157:Michael Macmillan,
292:Edward I of England
261:Sir William Douglas
69:Kingdom of Scotland
1788:, online project.
1746:Gray, Sir Thomas,
1427:, Book XV line 540
1202:Archibald the Grim
1114:
996:kingdom of Granada
973:Berwick upon Tweed
954:
946:
936:
795:Battle of Faughart
312:
298:The Douglas Larder
213:
205:
90:Emirate of Granada
1997:Scottish generals
1950:
1949:
1941:Succeeded by
1835:The Black Douglas
1632:The Black Douglas
1574:The Black Douglas
1514:Traquair, Peter.
1490:The Black Douglas
1451:The Black Douglas
1399:The Black Douglas
1373:The Black Douglas
1295:Broughton Brewery
1036:According to the
765:Edmond de Caillou
722:
721:
714:
696:
486:
485:
478:
460:
368:Rutherglen castle
280:William Lamberton
216:Sir James Douglas
192:
191:
188:Elizabeth Stewart
118:Weardale campaign
83:(aged 43–44)
2029:
1931:
1918:Preceded by
1908:
1907:
1846:The Douglas Book
1715:, vol. 89, 1957.
1643:
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1503:Robert the Bruce
1499:
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1488:Ross, David R.,
1486:
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1467:
1460:
1454:
1449:Ross, David R.,
1447:
1441:
1438:Robert the Bruce
1434:
1428:
1423:Barbour, Johne,
1421:
1415:
1412:Robert the Bruce
1408:
1402:
1397:Ross, David R.,
1395:
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1376:
1371:Ross, David R.,
1369:
1363:
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1354:
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1206:Lord of Galloway
1163:
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1085:Sir Robert Logan
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1944:William Douglas
1937:
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1932:
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1879:
1874:
1871:. Glasgow 2008.
1816:Barron, E. M.,
1805:
1800:
1796:Wayback Machine
1782:Froissart, Jean
1729:Fordun, John of
1681:Mackenzie, W.M.
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1877:External links
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1837:, London 1974.
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1189:(c. 1294–1342)
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1154:
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1110:
1067:The Castilian
1031:Battle of Teba
1015:Jean Froissart
964:Holy Sepulchre
958:Battle of Teba
942:
928:
921:
920:Final campaign
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871:
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852:Rievaulx Abbey
812:Queen Isabella
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769:Piers Gaveston
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592:Walter Stewart
586:commanded the
540:Main article:
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518:Shrove Tuesday
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1693:Scoticronicon
1690:
1689:Bower, Walter
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1505:, pp. 146–165
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1242:Nigel Tranter
1239:
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1122:Black Douglas
1119:
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1101:Melrose Abbey
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1090:
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1082:
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1047:According to
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673:
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666:
663: –
662:
658:
657:Find sources:
651:
647:
641:
640:
635:This section
633:
629:
624:
623:
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613:
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605:Dunbar Castle
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522:Ash Wednesday
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448:
444:
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430:
427: –
426:
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415:
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404:
399:This section
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51:
47:
40:
35:
31:James Douglas
27:
22:
19:
1962:1280s births
1926:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1834:
1827:
1817:
1810:
1809:Barrow, G.,
1785:
1775:
1770:Palgrave, F.
1759:
1749:Scalicronica
1747:
1732:
1723:W. J. Ashley
1718:
1706:
1698:
1692:
1683:London 1909.
1674:
1664:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:
1622:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1573:
1572:I.M. Davis,
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1502:
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1484:
1476:
1471:
1463:
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1424:
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1411:
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1393:
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1380:
1372:
1367:
1358:
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1258:
1215:
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1158:
1128:
1121:
1118:John Barbour
1115:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1061:
1049:John Barbour
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1027:John Barbour
1023:Gran Cronica
1022:
1018:
1008:
1004:John Barbour
977:
961:
907:
901:
900:
895:
888:
875:
873:
860:Byland Abbey
848:Solway Firth
841:
824:
808:
792:
773:
750:
723:
708:
702:January 2023
699:
689:
682:
675:
668:
656:
644:Please help
639:verification
636:
609:
601:
596:Edward Bruce
581:
573:John Barbour
568:
561:
552:Bannock Burn
545:
510:
506:
500:
499:
493:
487:
472:
466:January 2023
463:
453:
446:
439:
432:
420:
408:Please help
403:verification
400:
364:Edward Bruce
348:Ben Cruachan
337:
333:
313:
282:, Bishop of
277:
258:
223:
219:
215:
214:
201:William Hole
155:Clan Douglas
150:Noble family
135:
81:(1330-08-25)
18:
1967:1330 deaths
1737:W. F. Skene
1671:Barbour, J.
1637:2 September
1492:, pp. 61–83
1273:Outlaw King
536:Bannockburn
356:Argyllshire
340:MacDougalls
328:Palm Sunday
316:Douglasdale
284:St. Andrews
231: 1286
125:Reconquista
65:Lanarkshire
56: 1286
1956:Categories
1786:Chronicles
1754:H. Maxwell
1453:, pp 54–58
1333:References
1225:Literature
1168:Succession
956:See also:
884:Edward III
870:More raids
828:Nottingham
761:Coldstream
757:Skaithmuir
727:Pontefract
672:newspapers
603:refuge in
436:newspapers
255:Early life
1803:Secondary
1752:, trans.
1739:, 1871–2.
1665:The Bruce
1479:, p. 264.
1477:The Bruce
1475:Barbour,
1386:The Bruce
1384:Barbour,
1311:' album,
1260:The Bruce
1089:Restalrig
968:Jerusalem
844:Edinburgh
820:Yorkshire
799:Robert II
746:longships
567:. In his
490:Edward II
1824:Brown, M
1792:Archived
1676:The Brus
1440:, p. 112
1425:The Brus
1320:Railways
1212:in 1388.
1155:—
1017:and the
984:Flanders
891:Weardale
780:Jedburgh
729:and the
588:vanguard
569:The Brus
530:slighted
514:Roxburgh
376:Galloway
352:Loch Awe
235:Scottish
222:and the
1830:, 1998.
1820:, 1934.
1813:, 1976.
1756:, 1913.
1725:, 1887.
1649:Sources
1576:, 1974.
1414:, p. 96
1401:, p. 28
1388:, p. 64
1309:Corries
1081:Rosslyn
1069:cronica
1057:Rosslyn
1000:Seville
994:of the
992:Muslims
788:Steward
753:Ireland
739:hobelar
735:hobbins
686:scholar
618:Warlord
612:Berwick
450:scholar
372:Glasgow
136:†
61:Douglas
1735:, ed.
1721:, ed.
1375:, p. 8
1281:Liquor
743:Viking
731:Humber
688:
681:
674:
667:
659:
565:pennon
452:
445:
438:
431:
423:
242:feudal
238:knight
185:Mother
175:Father
132:
1338:Notes
1302:Music
1252:Films
980:Sluys
759:near
693:JSTOR
679:books
457:JSTOR
443:books
370:near
161:Issue
1639:2016
1083:and
876:coup
816:York
665:news
526:Lent
520:and
429:news
350:and
344:Lorn
245:lord
240:and
86:Teba
76:Died
49:Born
1679:ed.
1087:of
1079:of
1055:of
982:in
966:in
648:by
412:by
354:in
342:of
26:Sir
1958::
1867:,
1855:,
1843:,
1826:,
1784:,
1731:,
1691:,
1673:,
1663:,
1630:.
1103:.
822:.
607:.
571:,
559:.
378:.
251:.
228:c.
226:;
88:,
67:,
63:,
53:c.
1641:.
1616:.
1518:.
1315:.
1263:.
933:)
715:)
709:(
704:)
700:(
690:·
683:·
676:·
669:·
642:.
479:)
473:(
468:)
464:(
454:·
447:·
440:·
433:·
406:.
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