1458:
1516:
1500:
1532:
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131:
24:
231:
to attain higher social statuses. Jamaicans of various skill levels supplied labor internationally, especially during the two phases of the Panama Canal's construction in the 1880s and 1910s. Job opportunities aimed at
Jamaicans in Britain starting with post-war reconstruction in the 1940s, and unemployment during the 1950s, both of which continued following the
248:, especially to the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Though this emigration appears to have been tapering off somewhat in recent years, the great number of Jamaicans living abroad has become known as the "Jamaican diaspora". Most Jamaican emigrants have followed a path first to the UK. Many who do not remain in the UK move on to other
288:
are of wholly or partly
Jamaican heritage. Many are now at least second, if not third or fourth-generation Black British Caribbeans. Currently the fastest growing ethnic minority group in Britain is the mixed race category, with the mixed black & white Caribbean category (many of whom are half
230:
Early instances of
Jamaican emigration were motivated by employment opportunities abroad. During the economic transition from slavery to wage labor, Indian-Jamaican migration to former slave industries (like sugar production) allowed select Black Jamaicans to find work in more skilled industries and
393:
including many
Jamaicans are involved in the Carnival which starts on Saturday and finishes late on Monday. Jamaicans have many food stalls, soundsystems and floats involved in the procession. Well over a million Londoners come to Notting Hill on the Monday. There is also a much smaller carnival
779:
Jamaica continues to have a severe problem with barrel children - those left with family members (primarily grand parents) or selected guardians, by parents seeking a better life abroad. The term "barrel children" refers to the common practice of shipping goods, gifts and necessities in shipping
478:
possibly influenced increases in
Jamaican migrants over-staying contract limits. Jamaican-U.S. emigration increased dramatically during the 1960s, primarily of skilled Jamaican nurses. Possible factors behind this increase include high U.S. labor demand for nurses and medical workers during the
292:
Jamaicans first started migrating to
Britain in the 1950s. After World War 2, Great Britain experienced a massive labor shortage. To solve this problem they invited people from the West Indies, mostly Jamaicans, to migrate to Britain. This lasted from 1948 to 1971. These people are known as the
1308:
1059:
235:
in 1962, and slow economic growth at home also influenced increased
Jamaican emigration. Ample immigration opportunities in Canada, the US and Britain also helped, providing Jamaicans with a thriving community of their kinsmen to join.
608:
In New York City a large percentage of the
Jamaican High School & College graduates are associated with their High School Alumni organizations which are unified into the Union of Jamaican Alumni Associations (USA) Inc
1366:
198:, their dispersal and to a lesser extent the subsequent developments of their culture. Jamaicans can be found in the far corners of the world, but the largest pools of Jamaicans, outside of
997:
725:. Jamaica Day is in July, and the Jesus in the City parade attracts many Jamaican Christians. Reggae and dancehall are popular among Toronto's youth, of various ethnic backgrounds.
625:, the Jamaican community is also large, with a metropolitan population of approximately 200,330 (3.4%). Jamaican populated areas of the city are located in the neighbourhoods of
965:
721:(the celebration of Caribbean culture) is an annual event in the city. The parade is held downtown on the first Saturday of August, shutting down a portion of
370:
394:
called the
Tottenham Carnival which takes place in Tottenham during June, approximately 40,000 people attend. Other Jamaican communities include the areas of
1005:
780:
barrels to these children (and family members). Once the parents become financially or legally stable, the children usually join the parents abroad.
474:
Throughout the 1920s, Jamaican-U.S. migration was circular, with
Jamaicans returning to home after working abroad. Immigration restrictions from the
585:. Flatbush, Nostrand, and Utica Avenues feature miles of Jamaican cuisine, food markets and other businesses, nightlife and residential enclaves.
202:
itself, exist in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, the Cayman Islands and all across the Caribbean Coast of Central America, namely
1205:
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More recently many resort- and wild-life-management-skilled Jamaicans have been trending emigration toward such far-flung nations as
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88:
1028:
60:
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countries such as Canada. Jamaican emigrants also migrate directly to the United States, Canada, other Caribbean nations,
1406:
390:
67:
1278:
Palmer, Ransford W. (1974). "A Decade of West Indian Migration to the United States, 1962-1972: An Economic Analysis".
41:
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Around 1,171,915 people of Jamaican origin live in the United States, mostly concentrated in New York City (416,000),
1040:
107:
480:
74:
1421:
45:
56:
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in South London. The highest concentration of Jamaicans are more precisely in the South London boroughs of
543:
1586:
1370:
1581:
1506:
1414:
558:
399:
562:
435:
323:
531:
459:
1209:
1471:
1081:
Pool, Gail R. (1981). "Migration and Modes of Production: A Comparison of Jamaica and Trinidad".
666:
574:
570:
451:
249:
232:
34:
1233:""The Produce of More Than One Country": Race, Identity, and Discourse in Post-Windrush Britain"
81:
1490:
1183:
1138:
Tidrick, Gene (1966). "Some Aspects of Jamaican Emigration to the United Kingdom 1953-1962".
547:
527:
354:
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1001:
729:
722:
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communities are centred along Flatbush, Nostrand and Utica Avenues in the neighborhoods of
8:
690:
582:
494:
Jamaicans are large in a number of cities in the United States, including New York City,
378:
294:
1538:
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1287:
1260:
1147:
1120:
1090:
927:
654:
638:
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566:
357:
takes place in west London which is the second biggest street party in the world after
1367:"Table B04006 - PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY- American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
377:. Many other Caribbean nations have large communities in this part of London such as
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1264:
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840:
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670:
598:
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395:
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937:
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299:
253:
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634:
511:
366:
163:
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854:
799:
Around 800,000 Britons are of Jamaican origin. Located especially in London,
714:
694:
297:, named after the first ship that carried passengers from Jamaica to the UK,
284:, have a strong Jamaican diaspora. An estimated 4% of Londoners and 3.5% of
153:
1392:
479:
1960s, a shift in emigrant destinations after restrictions from the British
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850:
682:
523:
374:
358:
319:
311:
1248:
705:. In recent years, many Jamaicans have been moving out to suburbs such as
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In the late 20th and early 21st century close to a million Jamaicans have
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757:
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662:
539:
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One of the largest and most famous Jamaican expatriate communities is in
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1124:
1094:
1029:"Transnationalism and return: 'Home' as an enduring fixture and anchor"
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800:
646:
491:
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820:
773:
753:
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586:
515:
431:
411:
407:
327:
315:
269:
215:
191:
1166:"Jamaica: From Diverse Beginning to Diaspora in the Developed World"
717:. The Jamaican community has had an influence on Toronto's culture.
23:
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578:
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439:
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On the last bank holiday of the year during late August the Annual
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New York City is home to a large Jamaican diaspora community. The
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1031:. In Potter, Robert B.; Conway, Dennis; Phillips, Joan (eds.).
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824:
761:
737:
602:
535:
257:
203:
173:
865:
Legal immigrants from Jamaica to the United States, 1986-2010
760:(especially in Wellington and, to a lesser extent, Auckland),
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499:
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403:
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Jamaicans) being the single largest mixed ethnic minority.
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207:
1033:
The Experience of Return Migration: Caribbean Perspectives
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favoring higher skilled Jamaicans and other West Indians.
1083:
Labour, Capital and Society / Travail, Capital et Société
1111:
Maunder, W. F. (1955). "The New Jamaican Emigration".
610:
1549:
1106:
1104:
936:metropolitan area (around 200,000), other parts of
550:also have significant Jamaican ex-pat communities.
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
264:. There has also been emigration of Jamaicans to
1101:
314:. More large Jamaican communities in London are
280:The United Kingdom, and in particular London and
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361:. It spans areas of north-west London such as
1422:
1309:"Census Profile, 2016 Census – Toronto (CMA)"
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1429:
1415:
1323:
1303:
1301:
225:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1338:International Organization for Migration
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1052:
744:also have sizable Jamaican communities.
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1137:
1110:
605:also has a Jamaican diaspora presence.
485:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
476:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
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1277:
1060:"Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada"
1026:
239:
1410:
1049:
143:~2,000,000 (~1,300,000 Jamaican-born)
1080:
701:district that is identifiable along
148:Regions with significant populations
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
1208:. Microsoft Encarta. Archived from
1182:. Microsoft Encarta. Archived from
1035:. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 268.
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13:
932:Around 309,000, especially in the
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14:
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275:
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1514:
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1438:
966:"Jamaica:Migration profile 2017"
481:Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962
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22:
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33:needs additional citations for
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330:in North-West London and both
256:& South America mainly in
1:
951:
783:
194:who have left the country of
1592:Foreign relations of Jamaica
544:Westchester County, New York
7:
1371:United States Census Bureau
1280:Social and Economic Studies
1237:Journal of Narrative Theory
1140:Social and Economic Studies
1113:Social and Economic Studies
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10:
1608:
1331:"Jamaica Mapping Exercise"
925:
838:
792:
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172:
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1393:"Immigration Statistics"
697:, which also includes a
1027:Conway, Dennis (2005).
233:country's independence
226:Reasons for emigration
190:refers to the body of
1249:10.1353/jnt.2011.0084
548:Stamford, Connecticut
355:Notting Hill Carnival
1231:David Ellis (2001).
1002:United States Census
730:Greater Toronto Area
723:Lake Shore Boulevard
703:Eglinton Avenue West
518:, Washington, D.C.,
42:improve this article
1311:. Statistics Canada
1062:. Statistics Canada
1008:on 12 February 2020
866:
611:http://ujaausa.org/
483:, and the American
450:in Birmingham, and
391:Caribbean community
379:Trinidad and Tobago
295:Windrush Generation
240:Emigration patterns
125:
57:"Jamaican diaspora"
1587:Society of Jamaica
1212:on 29 October 2009
1186:on 29 October 2009
928:Jamaican Canadians
864:
589:neighborhoods are
490:Concentrations of
123:
1582:Jamaican diaspora
1569:
1568:
1445:Jamaican diaspora
919:
918:
841:Jamaican American
732:, cities such as
601:. The borough of
188:Jamaican diaspora
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124:Jamaican diaspora
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1340:. Archived from
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1004:. Archived from
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983:
977:
971:. Archived from
970:
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938:Southern Ontario
867:
863:
795:Jamaican British
643:Lawrence Heights
563:Lefferts Gardens
559:Prospect Heights
363:North Kensington
326:in East London,
138:Total population
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50:
26:
18:
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1168:. 16 June 2010.
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978:on 26 June 2018
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748:Other locations
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300:Empire Windrush
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1560:Jamaica portal
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1347:on 11 May 2011
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1286:(4): 571–587.
1270:
1243:(2): 214–232.
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789:United Kingdom
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699:Little Jamaica
667:Alexandra Park
635:Jane and Finch
618:
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471:
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426:in Liverpool,
373:and of course
367:Ladbroke Grove
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276:United Kingdom
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998:"2013 census"
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53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
1444:
1396:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1342:the original
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1283:
1279:
1273:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:the original
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1184:the original
1174:
1160:
1146:(1): 22–39.
1143:
1139:
1133:
1119:(1): 38–63.
1116:
1112:
1089:(1): 54–73.
1086:
1082:
1076:
1064:. Retrieved
1032:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1006:the original
992:
980:. Retrieved
973:the original
960:
931:
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851:Rhode Island
844:
798:
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751:
728:Outside the
727:
683:Mount Dennis
620:
607:
552:
524:Philadelphia
489:
473:
398:in Bristol,
375:Notting Hill
371:Kensal Green
359:Rio Carnival
352:
320:North London
312:South London
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298:
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250:Commonwealth
243:
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120:Ethnic group
104:
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40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1507:Netherlands
1377:6 September
1206:"Nicaragua"
847:Connecticut
758:New Zealand
707:Mississauga
687:Silverthorn
675:Old Toronto
663:Regent Park
659:Scarborough
595:Eastchester
546:and nearby
540:Los Angeles
1576:Categories
952:References
813:Manchester
809:Nottingham
801:Birmingham
784:Statistics
647:North York
599:Baychester
532:Providence
492:expatriate
464:Nottingham
456:Top Valley
436:Handsworth
428:Burngreave
420:Manchester
400:Chapeltown
282:Birmingham
212:Costa Rica
158:1,100,000+
98:March 2013
68:newspapers
1315:13 August
1265:162316096
1257:1548-9248
1216:31 August
1190:31 August
1066:13 August
902:2006–2010
894:2001–2005
886:1996–2000
878:1991–1995
870:1986–1990
821:Sheffield
774:Indonesia
754:Australia
655:West Hill
639:Downsview
631:Etobicoke
591:Wakefield
587:The Bronx
583:Flatlands
516:Baltimore
432:Sheffield
412:Longsight
408:Moss Side
328:Harlesden
316:Tottenham
270:Nicaragua
246:emigrated
216:Nicaragua
192:Jamaicans
1491:Ethiopia
1292:27861531
1152:27853886
1125:27851000
1095:43157581
1012:28 April
915:467,374
905:104,436
873:113,245
770:Malaysia
742:Hamilton
734:Montreal
719:Caribana
711:Brampton
671:Parkdale
579:Canarsie
567:Flatbush
555:Brooklyn
528:Hartford
452:St Ann's
440:Ladywood
396:St Pauls
383:Barbados
344:Lewisham
336:Lewisham
286:Brummies
262:Colombia
220:Honduras
1477:Ecuador
1397:dhs.gov
1351:6 April
982:25 June
946:Alberta
934:Toronto
897:76,280
889:82,682
881:90,731
859:Florida
829:Bristol
651:Malvern
627:Rexdale
623:Toronto
520:Houston
508:Orlando
504:Atlanta
496:Buffalo
460:Basford
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424:Toxteth
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387:Antigua
348:Croydon
340:Lambeth
332:Croydon
324:Hackney
308:Brixton
268:and to
254:Central
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196:Jamaica
178:309,000
168:400,000
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1472:Brazil
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762:Mexico
740:, and
738:Ottawa
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677:; and
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617:Canada
603:Queens
581:, and
536:Boston
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174:Canada
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1288:JSTOR
1261:S2CID
1148:JSTOR
1121:JSTOR
1091:JSTOR
976:(PDF)
969:(PDF)
911:Total
817:Leeds
805:Luton
766:Japan
512:Tampa
500:Miami
448:Aston
416:Hulme
404:Leeds
89:JSTOR
75:books
1379:2021
1353:2010
1317:2018
1253:ISSN
1218:2008
1192:2008
1068:2018
1037:ISBN
1014:2020
984:2018
857:and
827:and
823:and
772:and
715:Ajax
713:and
695:York
653:and
641:and
538:and
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