333:
409:
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hand and several Friday mosques in the town on the other. This meant in both cases an innovation, compared with old conditions, and thus there arose some degree of uncertainty. The Friday service had to be conducted by the ruler of the community, but there was only one governor in each province; on the other hand, the demands of the time could hardly be resisted and, besides, the
Christian converts to Islam had been used to a solemn weekly service. (...) The great spread of Friday mosques was reflected in the language. While inscriptions of the 8th/14th century still call quite large mosques
1033:) erected in a substantial community in the region in the fifth/eleventh century and ultimately razed the building (Wheatley, 235). Shāfiʿīs further required that Friday prayers be held at only one place in each settlement. Until the fourth/tenth century, the number of Friday mosques (designated congregational mosques with a pulpit) was severely limited, even in major metropolitan centres; in later centuries, Friday mosques proliferated to accommodate the needs of urban populations (Wheatley, 234–5).
902:) erected in a substantial community in the region in the fifth/eleventh century and ultimately razed the building (Wheatley, 235). Shāfiʿīs further required that Friday prayers be held at only one place in each settlement. Until the fourth/tenth century, the number of Friday mosques (designated congregational mosques with a pulpit) was severely limited, even in major metropolitan centres; in later centuries, Friday mosques proliferated to accommodate the needs of urban populations (Wheatley, 234–5).
38:
4032:
524:
are both differences and similarities between congregational mosques of different regions. As all male members of the community are expected to attend Friday prayers, congregational mosques must be large enough to accommodate them and their size thus varies from community to community. The Qur'an does highlight that the prayer hall has to accommodate the population of the community. Almost all congregational mosques feature a
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and Ḥanbalīs require forty, the Mālikīs twelve, and the Ḥanafīs only two or three praying behind the imām (in each case, counting only persons obligated to perform the prayer). Such limitations had significant practical repercussions, as when the Ḥanafī authorities of Bukhārā prevented the performance of Friday congregational prayers at a congregational mosque (
898:
and Ḥanbalīs require forty, the Mālikīs twelve, and the Ḥanafīs only two or three praying behind the imām (in each case, counting only persons obligated to perform the prayer). Such limitations had significant practical repercussions, as when the Ḥanafī authorities of Bukhārā prevented the performance of Friday congregational prayers at a congregational mosque (
1028:
All schools but the Ḥanbalīs require that Friday prayers be held in a physical edifice; the Ḥanbalīs hold that they can be performed in a tent or in the open country. The schools of law differ on the number of participants required to constitute a valid congregation for Friday prayers: the Shāfiʿīs
897:
All schools but the Ḥanbalīs require that Friday prayers be held in a physical edifice; the Ḥanbalīs hold that they can be performed in a tent or in the open country. The schools of law differ on the number of participants required to constitute a valid congregation for Friday prayers: the Shāfiʿīs
523:
Congregational mosques function as a community space. As a community space, it allows for prayer and social engagement. Congregational mosques have a crucial role in communities
Islamic practices. The Qur'an does not state architectural parameters for a congregational mosque, and as a result there
1149:
for the Friday service. But when the community became no longer a military camp and Islam replaced the previous religion of the people, a need for a number of mosques for the Friday service was bound to arise. This demanded mosques for the Friday service in the country, in the villages on the one
463:
quarter added on the eastern shore of the river. During the 10th century, the number of congregational mosques grew to six, compared to hundreds of other local regular mosques. The
Abbasid caliphs, who had by the mid-10th century had lost all political power, retained the privilege of designating
1002:"to assemble"), or Friday mosque. In the early Islamic period, only one Friday mosque in a community was permitted, since the address to the congregation was to be conducted by the ruler of that community. With the growth of the Muslim population, however, this became increasingly untenable.
793:"to assemble"), or Friday mosque. In the early Islamic period, only one Friday mosque in a community was permitted, since the address to the congregation was to be conducted by the ruler of that community. With the growth of the Muslim population, however, this became increasingly untenable.
487:, the urban agglomeration of Cairo and Fustat had 130 congregational mosques. In fact, the city became so saturated with congregational mosques that by the late 15th century its rulers could rarely build new ones. A similar proliferation of congregational mosques occurred in the cities of
434:
In later centuries, as the
Islamic world became increasingly divided between different political states, as the Muslim population and the cities grew, and as new rulers wished to leave their mark of patronage, it became common to have multiple congregational mosques in the same city.
1275:
Pedersen, J.; Hillenbrand, R.; Burton-Page, J.; Andrews, P.A.; Pijper, G.F.; Christie, A.H.; Forbes, A.D.W.; Freeman-Greenville, G.S.P.; Samb, A. (1991). "Masd̲j̲id". In
Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Dijkema, F. Th.; Nurit, S. (eds.).
1138:
Pedersen, J.; Hillenbrand, R.; Burton-Page, J.; Andrews, P.A.; Pijper, G.F.; Christie, A.H.; Forbes, A.D.W.; Freeman-Greenville, G.S.P.; Samb, A. (1991). "Masd̲j̲id". In
Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Dijkema, F. Th.; Nurit, S. (eds.).
332:
955:(Ar.: masjid, Turk.: cami, Engl.: "place of prostration") The general term masjid refers to mosques that could be used every day. The particularly important Friday (or congregational) mosques, where the communal Friday worship is held, are called masjid-i jami or -i juma.
758:
The
English term 'mosque' derives from the Arabic masjid, a term designating a place of prostration, whereas the term jami', which is translated variously as Friday mosque, great mosque or congregational mosque, originates from the Arabic term jama', meaning to
1098:("place of prostration") may consist only of lines marked on the ground, but a building constructed especially for the purpose is preferred, in particular for congregational prayer at Friday noon, the principal weekly service. Such a building may be called a
704:("place of prostration") may consist only of lines marked on the ground, but a building constructed especially for the purpose is preferred, in particular for congregational prayer at Friday noon, the principal weekly service. Such a building may be called a
359:, each city generally had only one congregational mosque where Friday prayers were held, while smaller mosques for regular prayers were built in local neighbourhoods. In fact, in some parts of the Islamic world such as in
351:, a functional distinction existed between large central mosques built and controlled by the state versus small local mosques built and maintained by the general population. In the early years of Islam, under the
363:, Friday services were initially not permitted in villages and in other areas outside the main city where the congregational mosque stood. The ruler or governor of the city usually built his residence (the
157:, the number of congregational mosques in one city was strictly limited. As cities and populations grew over time, it became more common for many mosques to host Friday prayers in the same area.
1166:
becomes limited. While, generally speaking, it can mean any mosque (e.g. al-Maḳrīzī, iv, 137, of the Muʾayyad mosque), it is more especially used of the smaller unimportant mosques.
994:), which is mandatory for every adult male Muslim (Shiite Islam makes an exception if no Imam is present), came to be conducted in a large, congregational mosque, known as the
785:), which is mandatory for every adult male Muslim (Shiite Islam makes an exception if no Imam is present), came to be conducted in a large, congregational mosque, known as the
2876:
826:) Congregational mosque where the male Muslim community performs the Friday prayer, during which the khutba is pronounced; also known as a Great Mosque or a Friday Mosque.
228:) is used for the same purpose. As the distinction between a "congregational mosque" and other mosques has diminished in more recent history, the Arabic terms
3004:
1879:
3292:
2948:
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3491:
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3241:
3177:
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2943:
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3207:
3153:
3136:
2999:
3417:
3393:
3331:
3229:
3096:
3523:
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1589:
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and was passed on the caliphs after him. In the provinces, the local governors who ruled on behalf of the caliph were expected to deliver the
2933:
2760:
1158:(cf. on the whole question, van Berchem, CIA, i, 173-4); and while now the madrasa begins to predominate and is occasionally also called
3187:
2871:
2681:
3273:
399:
as a distinct institution during the 11th century, the congregational mosque was also the main venue for religious education by hosting
3503:
1224:
1216:
3690:
3496:
3304:
3297:
3285:
3170:
3158:
2844:
2109:
1197:
is a designation for the congregational mosque dedicated to Friday communal prayer; in modern times it is used interchangeably with
873:
is a designation for the congregational mosque dedicated to Friday communal prayer; in modern times it is used interchangeably with
3405:
3165:
2987:
1145:
Linguistic usage varied somewhat in course of time with conditions. In the time of ʿUmar there was properly in every town only one
1122:), meaning "congregational mosque." This term is often rendered in English as "great mosque," or "Friday mosque," a translation of
728:), meaning "congregational mosque." This term is often rendered in English as "great mosque," or "Friday mosque," a translation of
2625:
3632:
739:
179:), which is typically translated as "mosque of congregation" or "congregational mosque". "Congregational" is used to translate
2992:
2849:
2686:
2325:
1657:
1512:
1477:
812:
751:
2620:
926:
They were thus not only religious buildings but also the main social and political centres, as implied by the construct
464:
congregational mosques in the city and of appointing their preachers. By the 11th century, the Arab writer and traveler
3410:
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1547:
1406:
1381:
1349:
1303:
1254:
1187:
1087:
983:
945:
919:
863:
841:
774:
693:
652:
614:
2753:
1674:
2594:
3484:
3422:
3398:
3234:
3212:
3141:
3129:
408:
3813:
2691:
2372:
4132:
4117:
2671:
2666:
2661:
1617:
1575:
54:
4122:
2676:
2656:
2651:
2630:
2503:
1891:
1735:
1627:
243:("that which gathers, congregates or assembles") is often conflated with another word from the same root,
2746:
1652:
1397:
Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2008). "The Mamluk City: From Fustat to al-Qahira". In
Jayyusi, Salma K. (ed.).
17:
4022:
2054:
574:
1094:
Islam requires no physical structure for valid prayer, which may be performed anywhere, and a minimal
700:
Islam requires no physical structure for valid prayer, which may be performed anywhere, and a minimal
1647:
1637:
644:
444:
1859:
1678:
1014:
Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). "Friday prayer".
883:
Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). "Friday prayer".
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1813:
484:
1962:
1662:
606:
564:
480:
336:
4127:
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was traditionally given, also became a standard feature of congregational mosques by the early
307:
276:
1622:
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1718:
1698:
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31:
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2457:
1755:
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1740:
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1708:
1693:
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367:) next to the congregational mosque, and in this early period the ruler also delivered the
8:
4096:
3654:
2715:
2473:
2315:
2245:
2217:
2156:
2049:
1730:
1713:
1688:
1667:
319:
288:
257:
1642:
373:(Friday sermon) during Friday prayers. This practice was inherited from the example of
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2412:
1824:
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1543:
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1402:
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1345:
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1083:
1019:
979:
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915:
888:
859:
837:
808:
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610:
440:
392:
374:
356:
799:
Canby, Sheila R.; Beyazit, Deniz; Rugiadi, Martina; Peacock, A. C. S. (2016-04-27).
30:
For a list of mosques named "Jama masjid", "Jameh mosque", "Great mosque", etc, see
4112:
4060:
3823:
3742:
2913:
2898:
2888:
2834:
2569:
2377:
2255:
2099:
2089:
2012:
1819:
1438:
1058:
559:
348:
224:
154:
120:
92:
848:
A congregational mosque which can be used by all the community for Friday prayers.
4036:
3833:
3828:
3767:
3757:
3737:
3449:
2923:
2544:
2362:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2074:
1834:
1502:
1371:
638:
597:
569:
460:
298:
267:
248:
108:
70:
42:
1466:
Trevathan, Idries; Aljalhami, Mona; Macleod, Murdo; Mansour, Mona, eds. (2020).
193:"ج - م - ع" which has a meaning ‘to bring together’ or ‘to unify’ (verbal form:
3858:
3727:
3627:
3540:
3375:
3219:
3071:
3066:
3041:
2960:
2518:
2513:
2402:
2304:
2192:
2161:
1839:
1829:
666:
masjid al- haram jami` masajid Makkah ? " [ Does praying anywhere in Mecca
595:
512:
504:
417:
3528:
3474:
1487:
589:
479:, was founded in the seventh century with just one congregational mosque (the
4106:
3999:
3798:
3772:
3722:
3263:
3111:
3026:
2814:
2789:
2197:
2182:
1522:
1452:
1206:
1023:
892:
133:
1557:
4048:
3702:
3036:
2893:
2728:
2483:
1745:
452:
190:
50:
1849:
3818:
3762:
3561:
2799:
2330:
2064:
2044:
1537:
138:
37:
4084:
3984:
3747:
3607:
3469:
3365:
3061:
2903:
2528:
2488:
2299:
2034:
1947:
1883:
1567:
1539:
The Mosque: History, Architectural
Development & Regional Diversity
465:
339:, founded in the seventh century as the first congregational mosque of
263:
3843:
3637:
3091:
2635:
2549:
2387:
1467:
1443:
1426:
1063:
1046:
528:, which is an elevated platform where the Friday sermon is given. The
3994:
3989:
3964:
3868:
3602:
3597:
3192:
2738:
2320:
2278:
2260:
2029:
1952:
1897:
1844:
1274:
1137:
1469:
The Art of
Orientation: An Exploration of the Mosque Through Objects
974:
Bearman, Peri (2014). "Masjid Jāmiʿ". In Emad El-Din, Shahin (ed.).
765:
Bearman, Peri (2014). "Masjid Jāmiʿ". In Emad El-Din, Shahin (ed.).
4031:
4004:
3959:
3954:
3439:
3321:
3316:
2856:
2839:
2289:
2250:
2187:
2130:
2104:
2069:
1967:
1788:
508:
456:
443:, had just two congregational mosques by the late 9th century: the
421:
352:
3918:
3712:
2452:
1798:
4079:
3974:
3949:
3883:
3863:
3853:
3838:
3717:
3707:
3674:
3649:
3576:
3535:
3513:
3454:
3434:
3388:
3383:
3326:
3224:
3031:
2866:
2804:
2599:
2422:
2407:
2397:
2382:
2235:
2079:
1977:
1907:
1854:
500:
436:
396:
369:
143:
1465:
4055:
4009:
3979:
3969:
3944:
3939:
3913:
3878:
3848:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3644:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3592:
3571:
3518:
3429:
3348:
3182:
3101:
2938:
2928:
2829:
2819:
2769:
2559:
2508:
2498:
2493:
2478:
2446:
2417:
2392:
2367:
2294:
2240:
2166:
2114:
2094:
1982:
1972:
1957:
1942:
744:
The Friday Mosque in the City: Liminality, Ritual, and Politics
540:
472:
426:
401:
383:
340:
294:
166:
149:
128:
4091:
2710:
908:
Ettinghausen, Richard; Grabar, Oleg; Jenkins, Marilyn (2001).
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3788:
3566:
3459:
3444:
3253:
3119:
3051:
3021:
3016:
2918:
2883:
2809:
2784:
2574:
2554:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2145:
2135:
2084:
2039:
2024:
2018:
1992:
1987:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1902:
1783:
1340:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Minbar".
1220:
1212:
1078:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Mosque".
684:
M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Mosque".
553:
534:
488:
476:
360:
46:
596:
Hugh Godfrey; Maturin Williamson; Robert G. Hoyland (2018).
538:
wall (the wall standing in the direction of prayer) and the
3360:
3343:
3202:
3081:
3076:
3056:
3046:
3011:
2955:
2908:
2824:
2564:
2523:
2309:
2283:
2140:
2059:
1875:
936:
Hattstein, Markus; Delius, Peter, eds. (2011). "Glossary".
496:
492:
262:'assembly, gathering'), a term which refers to the
1082:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 548–549.
798:
688:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 548–549.
3148:
907:
395:
period (late eighth century). Until the emergence of the
205:). In Arabic, the term is typically simplified to just
1342:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
1080:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
686:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
4020:
1472:. Munich Germany: Hirmer Publisher. pp. 20–21.
1051:
Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics
1013:
882:
640:
Archive Wars The Politics of History in Saudi Arabia
312:
281:
914:(2nd ed.). Yale University Press. p. 20.
1536:Frishman, Martin; Khan, Hasan-Uddin, eds. (1994).
468:notes eleven congregational mosques in the city.
27:Type of mosque designated for Friday noon prayers
4104:
1427:"Form and Function in the Congregational Mosque"
1396:
1339:
1077:
1047:"Form and Function in the Congregational Mosque"
832:Petersen, Andrew (1996). "jami or jami masjid".
683:
1425:Mitias, Michael H.; Al Jasmi, Abdullah (2018).
1045:Mitias, Michael H.; Al Jasmi, Abdullah (2018).
935:
599:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land
153:available nearby to host the prayers. In early
1424:
1044:
930:, usually translated as congregational mosque.
805:Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs
2754:
1583:
976:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
767:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics
131:for hosting the Friday noon prayers known as
1535:
1431:Estetika: The European Journal of Aesthetics
1296:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
1247:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
1180:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
856:The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
636:
518:
210:
200:
194:
184:
174:
82:
737:
2761:
2747:
1590:
1576:
1294:Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Khuṭbah".
1154:, in the 9th/15th most of them are called
1442:
1245:Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque".
1178:Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque".
1062:
854:Esposito, John L., ed. (2009). "Mosque".
1597:
1399:The City in the Islamic World (Volume 1)
1376:. Cambridge History Press. p. 185.
1369:
1335:
1333:
1321:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1244:
1177:
1143:. Vol. 6. Brill. pp. 655–656.
853:
831:
407:
331:
36:
1280:. Vol. 6. Brill. pp. 644–706.
1270:
1268:
1266:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
973:
764:
738:Uurlu, A. Hilâl; Yalman, Suzan (2020).
14:
4105:
2768:
1500:
1278:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1141:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
911:Islamic Art and Architecture: 650–1250
483:), but by the 15th century, under the
2742:
1571:
1420:
1418:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1330:
1317:
1315:
1284:
293:'prayer of assembly') or the
239:In non-Arab Muslim nations, the word
223:
1263:
1229:
1171:
1131:
1007:
969:
967:
965:
676:
674:
503:, as well as in the newly conquered
1322:Petersen, Andrew (1996). "minbar".
302:
271:
252:
211:
201:
195:
185:
175:
112:
83:
74:
24:
2969:
2626:Influences on Western architecture
1494:
1415:
1358:
1324:Dictionary of Islamic architecture
1312:
1071:
834:Dictionary of Islamic architecture
387:, a kind of pulpit from which the
236:have become more interchangeable.
215:). Similarly, in Turkish the term
25:
4144:
1504:Mosques : splendors of Islam
962:
671:
4090:
4078:
4066:
4054:
4042:
4030:
2722:
2709:
1797:
1373:The Abbasid Caliphate: A History
169:term for this kind of mosque is
2595:Aga Khan Award for Architecture
1542:. New York: Thames and Hudson.
1529:
1459:
1390:
381:for their local community. The
189:), which comes from the Arabic
141:in situations when there is no
1326:. Routledge. pp. 191–192.
1038:
807:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
630:
13:
1:
1016:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
885:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
582:
2687:Sudano-Sahelian architecture
940:. h.f.ullmann. p. 610.
475:, the predecessor of modern
451:on the western shore of the
324:'day of assembly').
160:
7:
1401:. Brill. pp. 295–316.
1344:. Oxford University Press.
1298:. Oxford University Press.
1249:. Oxford University Press.
1182:. Oxford University Press.
978:. Oxford University Press.
938:Islam: Art and Architecture
858:. Oxford University Press.
769:. Oxford University Press.
547:
532:is usually places near the
313:
282:
10:
4149:
2055:Islamic geometric patterns
836:. Routledge. p. 131.
575:List of the oldest mosques
447:, located in the original
327:
29:
3932:
3781:
3683:
3585:
3549:
3374:
3110:
2980:
2967:
2777:
2700:
2644:
2613:
2587:
2537:
2489:Dar al-Shifa (Bimaristan)
2466:
2350:
2343:
2269:
2226:
2175:
2123:
2001:
1917:
1868:
1806:
1795:
1776:
1769:
1605:
1501:Imbrey, Jai, ed. (2017).
645:Stanford University Press
556:, formal worship in Islam
519:Architecture and function
445:Great Mosque of al-Mansur
2605:Museum with No Frontiers
1370:El-Hibri, Tayeb (2021).
2716:Architecture portal
607:Oxford University Press
565:List of largest mosques
481:Mosque of Amr ibn al-As
337:Mosque of Amr ibn al-As
137:. It can also host the
2974:
2621:Indo-Saracenic Revival
2021:(multicoloured ashlar)
1162:, the use of the word
431:
349:early periods of Islam
344:
221:Turkish pronunciation:
124:
96:
58:
2973:
2358:Congregational mosque
1816:(four-arch structure)
637:Rosie Bsheer (2020).
439:, the capital of the
411:
335:
63:congregational mosque
55:Congregational prayer
53:, regularly used for
40:
32:List of grand mosques
4133:Architecture in Iran
4118:Islamic architecture
3198:Raising hands in Dua
2682:Ottoman architecture
2672:Moorish architecture
2667:Islamic architecture
2662:Iranian architecture
2085:Sebka (Darj-wa-ktaf)
1939:(or müezzin mahfili)
1599:Islamic architecture
1507:. Rizzoli New York.
1126:, a Persian variant.
732:, a Persian variant.
471:In another example,
455:, and the Mosque of
4123:Islam-related lists
2719: •
2706: •
2692:Yemeni architecture
2677:Mughal architecture
2657:Berber architecture
2652:Arabic architecture
2316:Salsabil (fountain)
2050:Islamic calligraphy
990:The Friday prayer (
781:The Friday prayer (
746:. Intellect Books.
405:s (study circles).
264:Friday noon prayers
2975:
2393:Kuttab (or maktab)
1147:masd̲j̲id d̲j̲āmiʿ
928:al-masjid al-jami῾
432:
345:
59:
4018:
4017:
3753:Sufis persecution
2795:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
2736:
2735:
2583:
2582:
2339:
2338:
2326:Shading Umbrellas
2110:Stucco decoration
2010:For overview, see
1825:Four-centred arch
1514:978-0-8478-6035-7
1479:978-3-7774-3593-0
1444:10.33134/eeja.169
1064:10.33134/eeja.169
814:978-1-58839-589-4
753:978-1-78938-304-1
441:Abbasid Caliphate
323:
311:
292:
280:
272:صَلَاة الْجُمُعَة
261:
16:(Redirected from
4140:
4095:
4094:
4083:
4082:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4059:
4058:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4035:
4034:
4026:
3743:Sufi metaphysics
3699:
3641:
3532:
3500:
3488:
3426:
3414:
3402:
3340:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3250:
3238:
3216:
3174:
3162:
3145:
3133:
3008:
2996:
2952:
2889:Nass al-Houdhour
2880:
2853:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2729:Islam portal
2727:
2726:
2725:
2714:
2713:
2348:
2347:
2013:Islamic ornament
1892:South Asian dome
1820:Discharging arch
1801:
1774:
1773:
1618:Anatolian Seljuk
1592:
1585:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1463:
1457:
1456:
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1413:
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1394:
1388:
1387:
1367:
1356:
1355:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1272:
1261:
1260:
1242:
1227:
1210:
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1203:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1011:
1005:
1004:
971:
960:
957:
932:
904:
879:
850:
828:
795:
761:
734:
678:
669:
668:
663:
661:
634:
628:
627:
625:
623:
604:
593:
560:Lists of mosques
424:today, with the
355:and many of the
353:Rashidun caliphs
318:
316:
306:
304:
303:يَوْم الْجُمُعَة
287:
285:
283:ṣalāṫ al-jumu‘ah
275:
273:
256:
254:
227:
225:[d͡ʒami]
222:
214:
213:
204:
203:
198:
197:
188:
187:
178:
177:
114:
99:), or sometimes
86:
85:
76:
21:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4089:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4053:
4043:
4041:
4029:
4021:
4019:
4014:
3928:
3777:
3768:Sufi psychology
3758:Sufi philosophy
3738:Sufi literature
3693:
3679:
3635:
3581:
3545:
3526:
3494:
3482:
3420:
3408:
3396:
3370:
3334:
3307:
3295:
3283:
3271:
3244:
3232:
3210:
3168:
3156:
3139:
3127:
3106:
3002:
2990:
2976:
2965:
2946:
2944:The Seven ranks
2874:
2847:
2773:
2767:
2737:
2732:
2723:
2721:
2708:
2696:
2640:
2631:Moorish Revival
2609:
2579:
2545:Albarrana tower
2533:
2462:
2449:in modern Iran)
2363:Dar al-Muwaqqit
2335:
2286:(fountain type)
2271:
2265:
2228:
2222:
2213:Reflecting pool
2208:Persian gardens
2203:Paradise garden
2171:
2148:(entrance hall)
2119:
2075:Nagash painting
1997:
1919:
1913:
1864:
1835:Lambrequin arch
1802:
1793:
1765:
1736:Sudano-Sahelian
1601:
1596:
1566:
1565:
1550:
1534:
1530:
1515:
1499:
1495:
1480:
1464:
1460:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1368:
1359:
1352:
1338:
1331:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1292:
1285:
1273:
1264:
1257:
1243:
1230:
1211:
1207:
1190:
1176:
1172:
1136:
1132:
1112:masjid al-jāmi῾
1090:
1076:
1072:
1043:
1039:
1012:
1008:
986:
972:
963:
948:
922:
866:
844:
815:
777:
754:
718:masjid al-jāmi῾
696:
679:
672:
659:
657:
655:
635:
631:
621:
619:
617:
609:. p. 340.
602:
594:
590:
585:
570:List of mosques
550:
521:
357:Umayyad caliphs
330:
314:yawm al-jumu‘ah
220:
163:
155:Islamic history
43:Masjid al-Haram
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4146:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4100:
4099:
4087:
4075:
4063:
4051:
4039:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
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3921:
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3911:
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3896:
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3871:
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3856:
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3831:
3826:
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3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:Sufism history
3730:
3728:Sufi cosmology
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3680:
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3501:
3489:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
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3432:
3427:
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3403:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3302:
3290:
3278:
3266:
3261:
3259:Sufism pillars
3256:
3251:
3239:
3227:
3222:
3220:Salat al-Fatih
3217:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Lataif-e-Sitta
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3000:Aayane Thabita
2997:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2941:
2936:
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2906:
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2896:
2891:
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2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
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2779:
2775:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2751:
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2734:
2733:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2645:Category pages
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
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2610:
2608:
2607:
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2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2519:Medina quarter
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2463:
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2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:Riwaq (arcade)
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Islamic garden
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:Multifoil arch
1837:
1832:
1830:Horseshoe arch
1827:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
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1733:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
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1603:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1587:
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1563:
1548:
1528:
1513:
1493:
1478:
1458:
1414:
1407:
1389:
1382:
1357:
1350:
1329:
1311:
1304:
1283:
1262:
1255:
1228:
1205:
1188:
1170:
1130:
1124:masjid-i juma῾
1116:masjid-i jāmi῾
1088:
1070:
1037:
1006:
992:ṣalāt al-jumʿa
984:
961:
959:
958:
946:
933:
920:
905:
880:
864:
851:
842:
829:
813:
796:
783:ṣalāt al-jumʿa
775:
762:
752:
740:"Introduction"
735:
730:masjid-i juma῾
722:masjid-i jāmi῾
694:
670:
653:
629:
615:
587:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
578:
577:
572:
567:
557:
549:
546:
520:
517:
505:Constantinople
418:Umayyad Mosque
329:
326:
176:مَسْجِد جَامِع
162:
159:
75:مَسْجِد جَامِع
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4145:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4128:Grand mosques
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4074:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4050:
4040:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3824:Jama'at Khana
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3799:Datuk Keramat
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3773:Sufi whirling
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
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3716:
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3711:
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3689:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
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3656:
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3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:Antinomianism
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
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3505:
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3493:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3478:
3476:
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3412:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
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3347:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3248:
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3236:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3209:
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3179:
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3117:
3115:
3113:
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3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
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3063:
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3055:
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3048:
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3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2986:
2985:
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2198:Mughal garden
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861:
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843:9781134613663
839:
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820:masjid-i jami
816:
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776:9780199739356
772:
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616:9780198724391
612:
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126:
122:
118:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
81:, or simply:
80:
72:
68:
67:Friday mosque
64:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
4097:Architecture
3703:Madih nabawi
2720:
2707:
2704:Islamic arts
2484:Caravanserai
2357:
2009:
1963:Loudspeakers
1888:Persian dome
1850:Pointed arch
1648:Indo-Islamic
1638:Great Seljuk
1538:
1531:
1503:
1496:
1468:
1461:
1434:
1430:
1398:
1392:
1372:
1341:
1323:
1295:
1277:
1246:
1208:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1179:
1173:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1123:
1120:jāmi῾ masjid
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1079:
1073:
1057:(1): 25–44.
1054:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1027:
1015:
1009:
999:
996:masjid jāmiʿ
995:
991:
989:
975:
952:
951:
937:
927:
925:
910:
899:
896:
884:
874:
870:
869:
855:
847:
833:
823:
819:
818:
804:
790:
787:masjid jāmiʿ
786:
782:
780:
766:
757:
743:
729:
726:jāmi῾ masjid
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
699:
685:
665:
658:. Retrieved
639:
632:
620:. Retrieved
598:
591:
539:
533:
529:
525:
522:
470:
453:Tigris River
433:
430:to the right
425:
416:area of the
413:
400:
388:
382:
378:
368:
365:dar al-imara
364:
346:
244:
240:
238:
233:
229:
216:
206:
180:
171:masjid jāmi‘
170:
164:
148:
142:
132:
116:
105:grand mosque
104:
101:great mosque
100:
88:
79:masjid jāmi‘
78:
66:
62:
60:
51:Saudi Arabia
3819:Jama masjid
3763:Sufi poetry
3694: [
3655:Sufi orders
3636: [
3550:Misconducts
3527: [
3495: [
3483: [
3421: [
3409: [
3397: [
3335: [
3308: [
3296: [
3284: [
3272: [
3245: [
3233: [
3211: [
3169: [
3157: [
3140: [
3128: [
3003: [
2991: [
2947: [
2934:Sufis ranks
2875: [
2848: [
2800:Bash Hezzab
2772:terminology
2331:Windcatcher
2312:(courtyard)
2065:Mosque lamp
2045:Girih tiles
2002:Decorations
1880:Arabic dome
603:(Hardcover)
139:Eid prayers
117:jāmi‘ kabir
18:Jama Masjid
4107:Categories
4073:Psychology
3985:Prayer rug
3748:Sufi music
3608:Hizb Rateb
3586:Ceremonies
3354:Zarruqiyya
3062:Ismul Azam
2614:Influences
2529:Well house
2300:Mashrabiya
1948:Hussainiya
1884:Onion dome
1675:Indonesian
1663:Qutb Shahi
1488:1229090641
998:(< Ar.
822:(Turkish,
801:"Glossary"
789:(< Ar.
583:References
466:Ibn Jubayr
449:Round City
347:Since the
4061:Education
3995:Tagelmust
3990:Qashabiya
3965:Jellabiya
3869:Mausoleum
3562:Rahbaniya
3376:Waridates
3193:Muraqabah
3188:Muhasabah
2872:Mutahaqiq
2588:Resources
2351:Religious
2321:Shabestan
2279:Hypostyle
2261:Shadirvan
2030:Arabesque
1953:Imamzadeh
1918:Religious
1898:Semi-dome
1845:Ogee arch
1814:Chahartaq
1777:Materials
1704:Almoravid
1679:Malaysian
1523:975133976
1453:2571-0915
1437:(1): 25.
1164:masd̲j̲id
1152:masd̲j̲id
1024:1873-9830
1018:. Brill.
893:1873-9830
887:. Brill.
459:, in the
308:romanized
277:romanized
165:The full
161:Etymology
113:جامع كبير
4037:Religion
4005:Tarboosh
3960:Gandoura
3955:Djellaba
3572:Taqabbur
3322:Tawassul
3317:Tawakkul
2981:Concepts
2899:Qalandar
2862:Muqarrab
2857:Muqaddam
2840:Marabout
2702:Part of
2538:Military
2474:Baradari
2467:Civilian
2290:Jharokha
2251:Mechouar
2188:Charbagh
2131:Andaruni
2105:Socarrat
2070:Muqarnas
1968:Maqsurah
1860:Vaulting
1789:Tadelakt
1770:Elements
1719:Zayyanid
1699:Aghlabid
1558:31758698
1225:62:10–11
1160:d̲j̲āmiʿ
1156:d̲j̲āmiʿ
1110:), from
824:Ulu Cami
716:), from
660:24 April
622:24 April
548:See also
511:) under
509:Istanbul
457:al-Mahdi
422:Damascus
375:Muhammad
297:itself (
127:), is a
125:Ulu Cami
4113:Mosques
4023:Portals
4000:Taqiyah
3975:Misbaha
3950:Burnous
3933:Objects
3884:Musalla
3864:Maqbara
3854:Madrasa
3844:Külliye
3839:Khanqah
3834:Khalawi
3814:Gongbei
3718:Qawwali
3708:Nasheed
3691:Ashewiq
3675:Ziyarat
3650:Silsila
3577:Zandaqa
3536:Walayah
3514:Tajalli
3470:Ma'rifa
3455:Karamat
3435:Hidayah
3389:Basirah
3384:Barakah
3327:Tazkiah
3305:Tawajud
3293:Takhlia
3264:Tafakur
3225:Salawat
3032:Ghaflah
2914:Rabbani
2867:Murshid
2845:Mudaqiq
2835:Majzoob
2805:Dervish
2636:Mudéjar
2600:ArchNet
2550:Alcázar
2423:Musalla
2408:Maqbara
2398:Madrasa
2388:Külliye
2383:Khanqah
2373:Gongbei
2272:cooling
2270:Passive
2236:Chhatri
2229:objects
2227:Outdoor
2176:Gardens
2152:Mirador
2090:Shabaka
2080:Qashani
2035:Banna'i
1978:Minaret
1920:objects
1910:(eaves)
1908:Chhajja
1855:Squinch
1756:Umayyad
1751:Timurid
1741:Swahili
1726:Ottoman
1709:Almohad
1694:Moorish
1684:Iranian
1653:Bengali
1633:Fatimid
1628:Chinese
1623:Ayyubid
1613:Abbasid
1217:62:9–11
1118:; Urdu
1114:(Pers.
1106:(Turk.
759:gather.
724:; Urdu
720:(Pers.
712:(Turk.
513:Ottoman
501:Morocco
485:Mamluks
437:Baghdad
397:madrasa
393:Abbasid
389:khutbah
379:khutbah
370:khutbah
343:, Egypt
328:History
322:
310::
291:
279::
260:
253:جُمُعَة
245:jumu‘ah
144:musalla
134:jumu'ah
121:Turkish
93:Turkish
4010:Turban
3980:Miswak
3970:Khirqa
3945:Balgha
3940:Ammama
3924:Zawiya
3914:Turbah
3879:Mosque
3849:Kuttab
3829:Khalwa
3809:Gonbad
3804:Eidgah
3794:Dargah
3782:Places
3670:Wezeea
3665:Tweeza
3660:Tariqa
3645:Sebiba
3623:Mawsim
3618:Mawlid
3613:Idjaza
3598:Bay'ah
3593:Ashura
3519:Thawab
3509:Secret
3492:Rabita
3465:Khatir
3450:Ishrak
3430:Haqiqa
3406:Djadba
3349:Wazifa
3281:Tahlia
3269:Tahara
3242:Shuhud
3183:Lazimi
3178:Latifa
3166:Ichara
3125:Djamaa
3102:Yaqeen
2988:Aayane
2939:Talibe
2929:Siddiq
2924:Sheikh
2830:Khatib
2820:Hezzab
2770:Sufism
2560:Kasbah
2509:Kasbah
2499:Hammam
2494:Ghorfa
2479:Bazaar
2458:Zawiya
2447:takyeh
2418:Mosque
2368:Dargah
2295:Kucheh
2241:Eidgah
2167:Zenana
2115:Zellij
2100:Sitara
2095:Shamsa
1983:Minbar
1973:Mihrab
1958:Kiswah
1943:Gonbad
1807:Arches
1761:Yemeni
1731:Somali
1714:Hafsid
1689:Mamluk
1668:Mughal
1658:Deccan
1606:Styles
1556:
1546:
1521:
1511:
1486:
1476:
1451:
1405:
1380:
1348:
1302:
1253:
1223:
1215:
1199:masjid
1186:
1100:masjid
1096:masjid
1086:
1022:
1000:jamaʿa
982:
953:Mosque
944:
918:
891:
875:masjid
862:
840:
811:
791:jamaʿa
773:
750:
706:masjid
702:masjid
692:
651:
613:
541:mihrab
530:minbar
526:minbar
515:rule.
499:, and
473:Fustat
461:Rusafa
427:minbar
414:mihrab
384:minbar
341:Fustat
299:Arabic
295:Friday
268:Arabic
249:Arabic
230:masjid
212:جَامِع
186:جَامِع
167:Arabic
150:eidgah
129:mosque
109:Arabic
84:جَامِع
71:Arabic
4049:Islam
3919:Türbe
3909:Takya
3904:Surau
3899:Ribat
3894:Rauza
3889:Qubba
3874:Mazar
3859:Maqam
3789:Daara
3713:Naʽat
3698:]
3640:]
3633:Sbooa
3628:Salka
3603:Haḍra
3567:Shath
3541:Warid
3531:]
3504:Ru'ya
3499:]
3487:]
3480:Qabdh
3460:Kashf
3445:Irfan
3440:Ilham
3425:]
3413:]
3401:]
3339:]
3312:]
3300:]
3288:]
3276:]
3254:Shukr
3249:]
3237:]
3215:]
3208:Sahar
3173:]
3161:]
3154:Ibara
3144:]
3137:Djoua
3132:]
3120:Dhikr
3112:Awrad
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