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Whilst in France, Du Crest spent much of his time dedicated to scientific study. He made advances in the study of temperature and came up with a recognised temperature scale which was used in
Switzerland for many years. Du Crest was still outspoken regarding political issues, and lost the support of
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he instead used an eight-meter long gutter pipe, filled with water to measure levels and a small rod held in front of it, he could measure the heights of the peaks. He then used the
Scheuchzer map of 1712 to calculate the distances away, and drew the first scientific panorama of the Alps.
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Du Crest believed that the temperature of the Earth was fundamentally fixed, based on the supposition that cellars and mines maintained an equal temperature. He used this "temperature of the terrestrial globe" as one fixed point, measured in a cellar 84 feet (26 m) below
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and was an outspoken critic of the planned wall around Geneva. Eventually, due to his views and publishing pamphlets such as "Maxims of a
Republican", he was declared an enemy of Geneva, his rights as a citizen were revoked, and his lands were confiscated. Du Crest fled to
146:. He created a thermometer based the expansion of alcohol, calibrated using mercury. He further published works that explained his belief that alcohol expanded more regularly than mercury, and his experiments matched his scale more accurately than mercury did.
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accurately using rudimentary tools. One of his other major accomplishments whilst in exile was to create a thermometer and a temperature scale, which was commonly used in
Switzerland and around Europe until it became obsolete in the 19th century.
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the people protecting him in France. He was forced to flee again across Europe in 1744, stopping in major cities such as Zurich and Bern, until he became ill and was hospitalised in Bern's
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Du Crest devoted a significant portion of his life in exile to scientific study, making pioneering developments in cartography and the measurement of temperature.
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he published many meteorological papers and created a cartographical drawing of the Alps as viewed from the castle. Without any modern equipment, such as a
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Du Crest was born in Geneva to
Jacques Micheli du Crest, a captain in the mercenary troops of France, and Elisabeth Calandrini. He graduated from the
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Du Crest rejected mercury thermometers, stating that the substance was too difficult to purify, preferring instead alcohol which had passed the
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obtained full citizenship ("bourgeoisie") in 1664. In sources from outside of
Switzerland his country of origin is sometimes
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417:[The panoramic view of the Alps by Micheli du Crest: A fruit of an attempt to survey Switzerland from 1754].
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415:"Das Alpenpanorama von Micheli de Crest : Frucht eines Versuches zur Vermessung der Schweiz in Jahre 1754"
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47:. Born into the aristocracy, he eventually fled to France as an enemy of Geneva and spent his later years in
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39:, 29 March 1766) was a military engineer, physicist and cartographer from the
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During his time in the parliament, Du Crest argued against the
Genevan
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in 1705. Du Crest entered French service in 1709 and fought in the
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French military personnel of the War of the
Spanish Succession
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as a political prisoner. During his time there, he mapped the
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Inventing
Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress
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18th-century military personnel of the
Republic of Geneva
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A History of the Thermometer and Its Use in Meteorology
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was a citizen of the Republic of Geneva; his family
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18th-century politicians from the Republic of Geneva
372:. Easton, Pa., The Chemical pub. co. pp. 84–85.
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18th-century physicists from the Republic of Geneva
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271:"Jaques-Barthelemy Micheli du Crest Profile"
88:in 1731. In 1735, he was sentenced to death
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315:"The administrative structure challenged"
100:Life in exile and as a political prisoner
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392:. Oxford University Press. p. 61.
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369:Evolution of the Thermometer 1592–1743
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199:Micheli, Jacques-Barthélemy (du Crest)
492:Prisoners who died in Swiss detention
487:People sentenced to death in absentia
413:Rickenbacher, Martin (January 1995).
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96:was symbolically beheaded in Geneva.
257:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
194:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
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214:) referred to as being Switzerland.
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29:Jacques-Barthélemy Micheli du Crest
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366:Bolton, Henry Carrington (1900).
336:Middleton, W. E. Knowles (2002).
211:Bibliothèque nationale de France
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70:War of the Spanish Succession
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232: Jacques Barrelet:
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472:18th-century cartographers
421:(in German). 11–12: 21–35
317:. Switzerland Information
419:Cartographica Helvetica
117:Scientific achievements
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74:Council of Two Hundred
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383:Chang, Hasok (2004).
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60:Early life and career
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162:During his time at
477:Military engineers
203:Micheli (du Crest)
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191:According to the
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125:Temperature scale
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111:Samuel Henzi
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452:1766 deaths
447:1690 births
295:(in French)
273:(in French)
138:Thermometer
107:Inselspital
90:in absentia
45:Switzerland
441:Categories
179:References
168:theodolite
425:25 August
321:24 August
299:24 August
277:25 August
172:telescope
81:oligarchy
43:, now in
24:, c. 1720
92:and his
37:Zofingen
251:Italian
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245:French
239:German
94:effigy
33:Geneva
390:(PDF)
86:Paris
427:2010
394:ISBN
342:ISBN
323:2010
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