JIS X 0208 - Knowledge

10487:

List: 乘󠄀亞󠄀佛󠄀侑󠄀來󠄀俐󠄀傳󠄀僞󠄀價󠄀儉󠄀兒󠄀凉󠄀凛󠄀凰󠄀剩󠄀劍󠄀勁󠄀勳󠄀卷󠄀單󠄀嚴󠄀圈󠄀國󠄀圓󠄀團󠄀壞󠄀壘󠄀壯󠄀壽󠄀奎󠄀奧󠄀奬󠄀孃󠄀實󠄀寢󠄀將󠄀專󠄀峽󠄀崚󠄀巖󠄀巫󠄀已󠄀帶󠄀廣󠄀廳󠄀彈󠄀彌󠄀彗󠄀從󠄀徠󠄀恆󠄀惡󠄀惠󠄀惺󠄀愼󠄀應󠄀懷󠄀戰󠄀戲󠄀拔󠄁拜󠄀拂󠄀搜󠄀搖󠄀攝󠄀收󠄀敍󠄀昊󠄀昴󠄀晏󠄀晄󠄀晝󠄀晨󠄀晟󠄀暉󠄀曉󠄀檜󠄀栞󠄀條󠄀梛󠄀椰󠄀榮󠄀樂󠄀樣󠄀橙󠄀檢󠄀櫂󠄀櫻󠄀盜󠄀毬󠄀氣󠄀洸󠄀洵󠄀淨󠄀渾󠄀滉󠄀漱󠄀滯󠄀澁󠄀澪󠄀濕󠄀煌󠄀燒󠄀燎󠄀燿󠄀爭󠄀爲󠄀狹󠄀默󠄀獸󠄀珈󠄀珀󠄀琥󠄀瑶󠄀疊󠄀皓󠄀盡󠄀眞󠄁眸󠄀碎󠄀祕󠄀祿󠄀禪󠄀禮󠄀稟󠄀稻󠄀穗󠄀穰󠄀穹󠄀笙󠄀粹󠄀絆󠄀綺󠄀綸󠄀縣󠄀縱󠄀纖󠄀羚󠄀翔󠄀飜󠄀聽󠄀脩󠄀臟󠄀與󠄀苺󠄀茉󠄀莊󠄀莉󠄀菫󠄀萠󠄀萬󠄀蕾󠄀藏󠄀藝󠄀藥󠄀衞󠄀裝󠄀覽󠄀詢󠄀諄󠄀謠󠄀讓󠄀賣󠄀赳󠄀轉󠄀迪󠄀逞󠄀醉󠄀釀󠄀釉󠄀鎭󠄀鑄󠄀陷󠄀險󠄀雜󠄀靜󠄀頌󠄀顯󠄀颯󠄀騷󠄀驍󠄀驗󠄀髮󠄀鷄󠄀麒󠄀黎󠄀齊󠄀堯󠄀槇󠄀遙󠄀凜󠄀熙

25: 9634: 9989: 7820:

committee had heavily relied on the "Correspondence Analysis Results" to collect kanji. When the drafting committee investigated the "Correspondence Analysis Results", it became clear that many of the kanji included in the kanji set but not found in exhaustive kanji dictionaries supposedly came from the "Japanese Personality Registration Name Kanji" and "Kanji for National Administrative District Listing" lists mentioned in the "Correspondence Analysis Results".

13643: 9980:

selection rationales were not properly documented, making it difficult to identify whether desired kanji corresponded to those in its repertoire. The text of the fourth standard, as well as pointing out the problematic points of the character selection of JIS X 0212, states that "it is thought that not only is character selection impossible, it is also impossible to use together; the connection to JIS X 0212 is not defined at all." (section 3.3.1)

8185:

its scope." In the second and third standards as well, notes to the effect that specific designs of character forms lie outside its scope (the note on item 1). The fourth standard also stipulates that "This standard regulates graphic characters as well as their bit patterns, and the use, specific designs of individual characters, and so forth are not within the scope of this standard" (JIS X 0208:1997, item 1).

9674:) was designed "with the goal being to offer a sufficient character set for the purposes of encoding the modern Japanese language that JIS X 0208 intended to be from the start"; it defines a character set that expands upon the kanji set of JIS X 0208. The drafters of JIS X 0213 recommend migration from JIS X 0208 to JIS X 0213, among the advantages being JIS X 0213's compatibility with the 10072:") is located at plane 1 row 14 cell 41. Therefore, whether JIS X 0208 row 33 cell 46 should be mapped to JIS X 0213 plane 1 row 33 cell 46 or plane 1 row 14 cell 41 cannot be determined automatically. This limits the extent to which JIS X 0213 can be considered upwardly compatible with JIS X 0208, as admitted by the JIS X 0213 drafting committee. 8532:" and those of ASCII or JIS-Roman as different characters, the use of the kanji set code points is permitted only for the sake of backwards compatibility. For example, for the purpose of backwards compatibility, it is permitted to consider 10/3 12/1 in International Reference Version + 8-bit code for kanji to correspond to a full-width "A". 6483:) are absent from JIS X 0208. There are the aforementioned four characters "QUOTATION MARK", "APOSTROPHE", "HYPHEN-MINUS", and "TILDE". The former three are split into different code points in the kanji set (Nishimura, 1978; JIS X 0221-1:2001 standard, Section 3.8.7). The "TILDE" of IRV has no corresponding character in the kanji set. 6106:, but some provisions for these names do not exist. The names of kanji, on the other hand, are mechanically set according to the corresponding hexadecimal representation of their code in UCS/Unicode. The name of a kanji can be arrived at by prepending the Unicode codepoint with "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-". For example, row 16 cell 1 ( 10496:

List: 焰󠄀鷗󠄀俠󠄀繫󠄀繡󠄀渚󠄀蔣󠄀醬󠄀蟬󠄀琢󠄀簞󠄀摑󠄀顚󠄀禱󠄀萊󠄀蠟󠄀增󠄀德󠄀橫󠄀瀨󠄀猪󠄀神󠄀祥󠄀福󠄁綠󠄀緖󠄀薰󠄀諸󠄀賴󠄀郞󠄀都󠄀黑󠄀逸󠄁謁󠄀緣󠄀黃󠄀溫󠄀禍󠄀悔󠄀海󠄀渴󠄀漢󠄁器󠄁祈󠄀虛󠄀響󠄁勤󠄁謹󠄀揭󠄀擊󠄀穀󠄀祉󠄁視󠄁煮󠄀社󠄁者󠄁臭󠄁祝󠄀暑󠄁署󠄀涉󠄀狀󠄀節󠄁祖󠄁僧󠄁層󠄁巢󠄀憎󠄀贈󠄁卽󠄀嘆󠄀著󠄁徵󠄀禎󠄁突󠄁難󠄀梅󠄀繁󠄁晚󠄀卑󠄀碑󠄀賓󠄀敏󠄀侮󠄁勉󠄀步󠄀墨󠄀每󠄀祐󠄀欄󠄀虜󠄀淚󠄀類󠄀曆󠄀歷󠄀練󠄀鍊󠄀錄󠄀俱󠄀瘦󠄀吞󠄀寬󠄀廊󠄁朗󠄀懲

9942:(supplementary kanji) defines additional characters with code points for the purposes of information processing that requires characters not found in JIS X 0208. Rather than allocating characters within the main JIS X 0208 kanji set, it defines a second 94-by-94 kanji set containing supplementary characters. 9922:

The kanji set and the graphic character set for Latin characters can be used together as specified in JIS X 0208 (Latin characters + 7-bit code for kanji and the Latin characters + 8-bit code for kanji). The kanji set, graphic character set for Latin characters, and JIS X 0201's graphic character set

9420:

However, for 29 code points (such as the problematic 18-10 and 38-34 mentioned above), the forms inherited by the fourth standard contradicts the original intent of the first. For these, there are special unification criteria to maintain compatibility with the previous standards at these code points.

8520:

For example, both the name of the character corresponding to the bit pattern 4/1 in ASCII and the name of the character corresponding to row 3 cell 33 of the kanji set are "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A". In International Reference Version + 8-bit code for kanji, whether by the bit pattern 4/1 or by the bit

8226:

In the descriptions below, the "CL" (control left), "GL" (graphic left), "CR" (control right), and "GR" (graphic right) regions are respectively, in column/line notation, from 0/0 to 1/15, from 2/1 to 7/14, from 8/0 to 9/15, and from 10/1 to 15/14. For each code, 2/0 is assigned the graphic character

8209:

is defined. Their application is limited to 29 code points whose glyphs vary greatly between the standards JIS C 6226-1983 on and after and JIS C 6226-1978. For those 29 code points, the glyphs from JIS C 6226-1983 on and after are displayed as "A", and the glyphs from JIS C 6226-1978 as "B". On each

8184:

In the first standard, it was stipulated that "this standard ... does not establish the particulars of character forms" (Section 3.1); it also states that "the aim of this standard is to establish the general idea of characters and their codes; the design of their character forms and such lie outside

5832:

21 (used for row or cell number 1) through 0x7E (used for row or cell number 94) – exactly corresponding to the range used for 7-bit ASCII printing characters, not counting the space. Accordingly, the encoded bytes are obtained by adding 0x20 (32) to each number. For instance, the above example

422:

Even though there are provisions in the JIS X 0208:1997 standard concerning compatibility, at the present time, it is generally considered that this standard neither certifies compatibility nor is it an official manufacturing standard that amounts to a declaration of self-compatibility. Consequently,

9979:

However, in the fourth version of JIS X 0208, the connection to JIS X 0212 was not defined at all. It is believed that this is because the drafting committee of the fourth JIS X 0208 standard had a critical opinion of the selection and identification methods of JIS X 0212. The character meanings and

9902:

As noted above, the kanji set is not upwardly compatible with the ISO/IEC 646:1991 IRV (ASCII) graphic character set. The kanji set and the IRV graphic character set can be used together as specified in JIS X 0208 (IRV + 7-bit code for kanji and IRV + 8-bit code for kanji). They can be used together

9728:

Among the drafters of JIS X 0213, there are those who expect to see a mix of JIS X 0208 and JIS X 0213 before any adoption of JIS X 0213 (Satō, 2004). However, JIS X 0208 continues to be used for the present, and many predict it to endure as a standard. There are barriers that need to be overcome if

7249:

Level 2 was dedicated to kanji that made an appearance in the aforementioned four major listings but were not selected for level 1. As noted below, the kanji of level 1 were ordered by their pronunciation, so among the kanji whose pronunciation were difficult to determine, there were those that were

9795:

The improvements provided by JIS X 0213 are mostly in the realm of characters that are not used as often as the ones already present in JIS X 0208. Because there are nearly twice as many glyphs that need to be implemented for less usage of those extra glyphs, it can be a low return on investment in

9685:

Contrary to the expectations of the drafters, adoption of JIS X 0213 has been anything but fast since its enactment in the year 2000. The drafting committee of JIS X 0213:2004 wrote (in the year 2004), "The status where 'what the majority of information systems can use in common is JIS X 0208 only'

9029:

Besides the properties of the encodings themselves, Unicode formats have further advantages stemming from the underlying character set: they are not limited to JIS coded characters but can represent the entirety of UCS (including the full repertoire of JIS coded characters), and are hence suited to

8087:

When a code point's example glyph is composed of more than one part glyph, unification criteria can be applied to each part. After a unification criterion is applied to one part glyph, that part cannot have any more unification criteria applied to it. Also, a unification criterion is not allowed to

7933:

is the representation as a graphical shape that a glyph takes in actuality (e.g. due to a glyph being handwritten, printed, displayed on a screen, etc.). For a single glyph, there exist an endless range of possible concretely and/or visibly different character forms. A variation between a character

7759:

It has been pointed out that there are kanji in the kanji set that are not found in comprehensive, unabridged kanji dictionaries, and that the sources thereof are unknown. For example, only one year after the first standard was established, Tajima (1979) reported that he had confirmed 63 kanji that

7253:

Due to these decisions, for the most part, level 1 contains more frequently used kanji, and level 2 contains more infrequently used kanji, but of course, those were judged by the standards of the day; over the passage of time, some level 2 kanji have become more frequently used, such as one meaning

9572:

The third standard, in an explanation that was not part of the standard, described things as if there were places where for some unassigned code points, it was acceptable to assign gaiji. In the fourth standard, it was clarified that use of unassigned code points is generally prohibited. Also, the

8091:

An example glyph is no more than an example for that code point; it is not a glyph "endorsed" by the standard. Also, the unification criteria need only be used for generally used kanji and for the purpose of assigning things to the code points of this standard. The standard requests that generally

7214:

In the second and third standards, they added four and two characters to level 2, respectively, bringing the total kanji to 6355. Also, in the second standard, character forms were changed as well as transposition among the levels; in the third standard as well, character forms were changed. These

6486:

In the following table, the ISO/IEC 646:1991 IRV characters in question are compared with their multiple equivalents in JIS X 0208, except for the IRV character "TILDE", which is compared with the "WAVE DASH" of JIS X 0208. The entries under the "Symbol" columns utilize UCS/Unicode code points, so

9554:

The basic policies of this revision were to perform no changes the character set, to clarify ambiguous provisions, and to make the standard relatively easier to use. Addition, removal, and code point rearrangement were not done, and without exception, the example glyphs were also left unchanged.

9079:

Until five years have passed after a Japanese Industrial Standard has been established, reaffirmed, or revised, the prior standard undergoes a process of reaffirmation, revision, or withdrawal. Since establishment, the standard has been subject to revision three times, and at present, the fourth

7836:

Due to this thorough investigation, the committee was able to pare down the number of kanji for which the source cannot be confidently explained to twelve, shown on the adjacent table. Of these, it is conjectured that several glyphs came about due to copying errors. In particular, 妛 was probably

7819:

The drafting committee for the fourth version of the standard also saw the existence of kanji with sources unknown as a problem, and so made an inquiry into just what kind of sources the drafting committee of the first version referenced. As a result, it was discovered that the original drafting

7034:

How the kanji in this standard were chosen from what sources, why they are split into level 1 and level 2, and how they are arranged are all explained in detail in the fourth standard (1997). Per that explanation, the kanji included in the following four kanji listings were reflected in the 6349

403:

Partial implementations of the character set are not considered compatible. Because there are places where such things have happened as the original drafting committee of the first standard taking care to separate characters between level 1 and level 2 and the second standard then shuffling some

8540:

with the bit pattern 2/13 for the character "HYPHEN-MINUS", as well as with the kanji set's row 1 cell 30 (bit pattern 10/1 11/14) for the character "HYPHEN". In addition, the standard does not define which of the two to use for what, and so the hyphen is not given one unique encoding. The same

6804:

Even with the 90 special characters, numerals, and Latin letters the kanji set and the IRV set have in common, this standard does not follow the arrangement of ISO/IEC 646. These 90 characters are split between rows 1 (punctuation) and 3 (letters and numbers), although row 3 does follow ISO 646

5720:

digit. For example, the bit combination corresponding to the graphic character "space" is 010 0000 as a 7-bit number, and 0010 0000 as an 8-bit number. In column/line notation, this is represented as 2/0. Other representations of the same single-byte code include 0x20 as hexadecimal, or 32 as a

10049:

For most intents and purposes, JIS X 0213 plane 1 is a superset of JIS X 0208. However, different unification criteria are applied to some code points in JIS X 0213 compared to JIS X 0208. Consequently, some pairs of kanji glyphs that were represented by one JIS X 0208 code point, due to being

9066:

Although, in theory, UTF-32 is self-synchronizing over 32-bit dwords only, the use of a 32-bit value to represent a 21-bit value means that, in practice, UTF-32 contains a continuous run of at least 11 zero bits at the high end of each character, which can usually be used to align to character

8513:), the treatment of the characters common to both sets becomes problematic. Unless one takes special measures, the characters included in both sets do not all map to each other one-to-one, and a single character may be given more than one code point; that is, it may cause a duplicate encoding. 6870:

code points. Although individual companies that manufacture information systems can make an effort to represent these characters as customers may require by the composition of the characters, none has requested to have them added to the standard, instead choosing to proprietarily offer them as

9579:

Each character was given a "character name" that maps to those of other standards. Also, encoding methods to use them together with the ISO/IEC 646's International Reference Version or JIS X 0201 were specified. When JIS X 0208 is used together with either, among two assigned code points for

7098:

of Japan in 1975, it consists of 2817 characters. For data for the purpose of selection, the Agency made a report which, starting with the "Kanji Listing for Standard Code (Tentative)", contrasted several kanji listings, the "Correspondence Analysis Results and Frequency of Use of Kanji for

10967:

For example, Shibano Kōji (1997a), who served as the chairman of the drafting committee for the fourth standard, stated these about the selection method: "It is based on a superficial understanding of JIS X 0208's character set selection; it is a mistaken understanding" (original Japanese:

10018:(extension kanji) defines a kanji set that expands upon the kanji set of JIS X 0208. According to this standard, it is "designed with the goal being to offer a sufficient character set for the purposes of encoding the modern Japanese language that JIS X 0208 intended to be from the start." 7160:

One of the kanji listings that compose the "Correspondence Analysis Results", consisting of 3044 characters. It no longer exists. The original list was nonexistent for the original drafting committee; this kanji list was reflected in the standard to follow the "Correspondence Analysis

5716:– are used. Three high-order bits out of seven or four high-order bits out of eight, counting from zero to seven or from zero to fifteen respectively, form the column number. Four low-order bits counting from zero to fifteen form the line number. Each decimal number corresponds to one 8516:

JIS X 0208:1997, in regards to when a character is common to both sets, basically forbids the use of the code point in the kanji set (which is one of two code points), eliminating duplicate encodings. It is judged that characters that have the same name are the same character.

9565:

Until the third standard, only the encoding method based on JIS X 0202 code extension was defined. This is something unusual as far as coded character sets go. In the fourth standard, encoding methods that do not use escape sequences for the purpose of code extension were

8474:

The escape sequence starting ESC 2/4 selects a multi-byte character set. The escape sequence starting ESC 2/6 specifies a revision of the upcoming character set selection. JIS C 6226:1978 is identified by the multibyte-94-set identifier byte 4/0 (corresponding to ASCII

8988:

Packed-format EUC is based on ISO 2022 mechanisms, with charset designations pre-arranged. Charset designation escapes and locking shifts are avoided, whereas use of single shifts can be implemented in a non-stateful manner. The constraints of ISO 2022 are nonetheless

8181:; it was explained that the characters recognized as equivalent "consolidate to just one point". "Equivalence" included, other than kanji with exactly the same shape, kanji with differences due to style, and kanji where the difference in character form is small. 5997:

Even when assigning characters to unassigned code points, graphic characters defined in the standard should not be assigned to them, and the same character should not be assigned to multiple unassigned code points; characters should not be duplicated in the set.

10119:

The non-kanji in JIS X 0208 also correspond to their own code points in the BMP. However, for some special characters, some systems implement a different correspondences from those of UCS/Unicode's (which are based on the character names given JIS X 0208:1997).

8535:

If the kanji set is used along with ASCII or JIS-Roman, then even if the standard is abided by strictly, the unique encoding of a character is not guaranteed. For example, in the International Reference Version + 8-bit code for kanji, it is valid to represent a

6086:

is used for the JIS X 0208 character due to encodings providing ASCII separately). Conversely, ASCII characters 2/2 (quotation mark), 2/7 (apostrophe), 2/13 (hyphen-minus), and 7/14 (tilde) can be determined to be characters that do not exist in this standard.

9600:

Based on things such as the materials for the drafting of the first standard, an attempt was made to restore the intent of the first standard for the scope of the glyphs each code point represents. Moreover, the criteria for unifying kanji glyphs were clearly

10270:

Duplicated by additions made to row 2 in 1983. Not encoded here (but left unallocated) in JIS X 0213, but duplicate-encoded here by Microsoft and WHATWG. As for the Macintosh PostScript encoding, a Private Use U+F87F is appended to the form decoded with the

10585:

The question of which glyphs within the unification criteria are to be used is left to the type designer. Depending on that (and the end-user's circumstances), it is possible that neither, both, one, or the other of these two will follow their Kangxi-style

10021:

The kanji set of JIS X 0213 incorporates all characters that can be represented in the kanji set of JIS X 0208, with many additions. In total, JIS X 0213 defines 1183 non-kanji and 10,050 kanji (for a total of 11,233 characters), within two 94-by-94

7828:

of the fourth version's drafting committee examined the kanji that appeared on the in-progress development pages for the first standard. The committee also consulted many ancient writings, as well as many examples of personal names in a database of

10314:

were called "section" and "position" respectively in English. As to the background of the change in the English, in the JIS X 0221-1995 (UCS) standard that translated ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993, "group", "plane", "row", and "cell" can be translated into

6082:) column 4 line 1 and the one at JIS X 0208 row 3 cell 33 have the name "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A". Therefore, the character at 4/1 in ASCII and the character at 3-33 in JIS X 0208 can be regarded as the same character (although, in practice, 7987:

that can be applied to that example glyph; that is, the example glyph for a code point applies to that code point, and any glyphs for which the parts that compose the example glyph are replaced in accordance with the unification criteria

5095:(the successor to JIS X 0208). Unlike the other extensions made by Windows-932/WHATWG and JIS X 0213, the two match rather than colliding, so decoding of most of this row is better supported than the other extensions made by JIS X 0213. 472:

The first encoding byte corresponds to the row or cell number plus 0x20, or 32 in decimal (see below). Hence, the code set starting with 0x21 has a row number of 1, and its cell 1 has a continuation byte of 0x21 (or 33), and so forth.

9133:

The code included 453 non-Kanji (including Hiragana, Katakana, the Roman, Greek and Cyrillic alphabets and punctuation) and 6349 Kanji (2965 level 1 Kanji and 3384 level 2 Kanji) for a total of 6802 characters. It did not yet include

9362:

The bulk of the changes to character forms are differences between level 1 and level 2 kanji. Specifically, simplification was done more often for level 1 kanji than for level 2 kanji; simplifications applied to level 1 kanji (e.g.

1659:

Most of the characters in this set were added in 1983, except for characters 0x2221–0x222E (kuten 2-1 through 2-14, or the first line of the chart below), which were included in the original 1978 version of the standard.

9737:

at the present time are based on JIS X 0208. There are no officially announced plans whatsoever to migrate these to JIS X 0213 compatibility. As mobile phones are now a pervasive aspect of Japanese textual communication (see

8975:

Some (not all) ASCII bytes can appear as second bytes, but not first bytes, of double-byte characters in Shift_JIS. Hence in a sequence of two or more ASCII bytes, the second byte onward are necessarily ASCII (or ISO-646-JP)

10920:

According to Nomura (1984), the number of character forms changed, including moves between code points, is 294. According to Shibano (1997a) and the text of the fourth standard, the number is of character forms changed is

10091:

in JIS X 0213; therefore, not much confusion arises in practice. This is because most typefaces have come to use the glyphs exemplified in JIS X 0208, and most users are not consciously aware of the unification criteria.

9555:

However, the stipulations of the standard were completely re-written and/or supplemented. Whereas the third standard was 65 pages long without the explanations, the fourth standard was 374 pages without the explanations.

10811:

JIS C 6225-1979 (control character codes for the purpose of the Japanese graphic character set for information interchange) provided control characters for the beginning and end of composition. JIS C 6225 was re-termed

9765:) that use JIS X 0208 and follow its unification criteria strictly, it is thought that it would be extremely difficult work to both convert all the data to JIS X 0213 and preserve the same standard of textual integrity. 9207: 6029:) are subsumed into the same code point. Consequently, limiting point 25-66 to the "mouth" form and assigning the latter "ladder" form to an unassigned code point would technically be in violation of the standard. 8934:

encoding: all charsets are encoded over 0x21–7E and are switched between using ANSI escapes. Hence, while it is ASCII in its initial state, entire sequences of non-ASCII characters can be encoded with ASCII

6789:

is an ambiguous code point which may appear either as a tilde accent mark (˜) or as a dash with the same curvature (∼), although the dash is more common due to the spacing accent having a separate code point in

9919:'s graphic character set for Latin characters: 2/2 (QUOTATION MARK), 2/7 (APOSTROPHE), and 2/13 (HYPHEN-MINUS). The kanji set contains all character included in JIS X 0201's graphic character set for katakana. 8130:

The terms "unification", "unification criteria", and "example glyph" were adopted in the fourth standard. From the first to the third version, kanji and relations between kanji were grouped into three types:

414:

and level 1-only implementation Japanese computer systems were at one time considered for development. However, such implementations have never been specified as compatible, though examples such as the early

9210:

recommendations, and from such standards as JIS Z 8201-1981 (mathematical symbols) and JIS Z 8202-1982 (quantity, unit, and chemical symbols), things that could not be represented by composition were chosen.

9405:) were given different treatment likewise, as the former is in level 1 and the latter is in level 2. Even so, there were some changes regardless of the level; for instance characters containing the "door" ( 7823:

It was confirmed that no original text for the "Japanese Personality Registration Name Kanji" referenced in the "Correspondence Analysis Results" exists. For the "National Administrative District Listing",

9340:

In order to elucidate the original intent of the first standard, these ended up falling into parameters for unification criteria in the fourth standard. The difference in form for the examples noted above

9119: 7326:

readings, the reading judged to be predominant in use frequency is used for the representative reading (JIS C 6226-1978 standard, Section 3.4). For the small percentage of kanji that either do not have an

10038:. The first plane (non-kanji and level 1–3 kanji) is based on JIS X 0208, whereas the second plane (level 4 kanji) is designed to fit within the unallocated rows of JIS X 0212, allowing use in 9039:

Most bitwise frameshifts of UTF-8-encoded text will produce invalid UTF-8, but it is possible to construct sequences of characters that remain valid UTF-8 even when frameshifted by one or more bits.

8095:

The kanji of the kanji set are not chosen completely consistently according to the unification criteria. For example, although 41-7 corresponds to the form where the third and fourth strokes cross (

8210:

of them, both "A" and "B" glyphs may be applied. However, in order to claim compatibility with the standard, whether the "A" or "B" form has been used for each code point must be explicitly noted.

7302:

The kanji in level 1 are sorted in order of each one's "representative reading" (i.e. a canonical reading chosen for the purposes of this standard only); the reading of a kanji for this may be an

7190:

One of the kanji listings that compose the "Correspondence Analysis Results", consisting of 3251 characters. They are the kanji used in the list of all administrative place names compiled by the

7837:

created when printers tried to create 𡚴 by cutting and pasting 山 and 女 together. A shadow from that process was misinterpreted as a line, resulting in 妛 (a picture of this can be found in the

5845:

use more complicated transforms. Shift JIS includes more encoding space than is needed for JIS X 0208 itself; some Shift JIS specific extensions to JIS X 0208 make use of row numbers above 94.

6066:. By using a character's name, it is possible to identify characters without relying on their codes. The names of characters are coordinated with other character set standards, notably the 400:

between data processing systems and the devices connected to them, or mutually between data communication systems. This character set can be used for data processing and text processing.

9780:

conflict with the code points that JIS X 0213 codes use, so there would be some difficulty in migrating these systems from JIS X 0208 to JIS X 0213. There are also plans to migrate to

7778:

of any sort; he noted that it would be preferable for kanji not available in kanji dictionaries to be selected from definite sources. These kanji came to be known as "ghost" characters

9956:

Among the code points that the second version of JIS X 0208 changed, 28 code points in JIS X 0212 reflect the character forms from before the changes. Also, JIS X 0212 reassigns the "

7095: 9725:

can (optionally) support JIS X 0213 if desired. Therefore, it is thought that with time, JIS X 0213 support on personal computers will not be an impediment to its eventual adoption.

10409:

For a fully featured kana-order search or sort, word readings, repetition marks, and so forth must be taken into account. The sorting of Japanese character strings is prescribed in

9331:) lost part of a stroke. Also, where some glyphs for level 1 kanji were not Kangxi-style forms, there were some changed into their Kangxi-style forms; for example, row 80 cell 49 ( 9011:

Unlike Shift_JIS, EUC-JP will not handle plain 8-bit JIS X 0201 input without prior conversion, due to the different representation of the JIS X 0201 katakana (with single-shifts).

9768:

In practice, many systems define and use unassigned code points in JIS X 0208. For example, Windows assigns IBM and NEC extended characters and user-defined character areas (see

8552:

Moreover, even if the kanji set is used as a separate code, there is no guarantee that the unique encoding of characters is implemented. In many cases, however, the full-width "

6005:

in regards to kanji glyphs. For example, row 25 cell 66 corresponds to the kanji meaning "high" or "expensive"; both the form with a component resembling the "mouth" character (

480:, links are provided to charts on this page listing the characters encoded under that lead byte. For lead bytes used for kanji, links are provided to the appropriate section of 1046:

maps it to U+2014 (Em Dash). Similarly, Microsoft maps kuten 1-61 (JIS 0x215D) to U+FF0D (the fullwidth form of U+002D Hyphen-Minus), and Apple maps it to U+2212 (Minus Sign).

7191: 5771:. This makes a total of 8836 (94 × 94) possible code points (although not all are assigned, see below); these are laid out in the standard in a 94-line, 94-column code table. 7545:

The kanji in level 2 are arranged in order of primary radical and stroke count. Where these two properties are the same for different kanji, they are then sorted by reading.

10857: 9619:

for personal computing and e-mail, respectively. These encoding methods were included as "Shift-Coded Representation" and "RFC 1468-Coded Representation" (described above).

7022:

As mentioned above, in this standard, the previously defined katakana order in JIS X 0201 was not followed in JIS X 0208. It is thought that the JIS X 0201 katakana being "

13261: 7013:

order, then in the order of "small kana, full-size kana, kana with dakuten, and kana with handakuten" such that the same fundamental kana is grouped with its derivatives (

9881:

Several of these incorporate vendor-specific character assignments in place of unallocated regions of the standard. These include Windows-932 and MacJapanese, as well as

6878:

In the fourth standard (1997), all these characters were explicitly defined as characters that accompany an advancement of the current position; that is to say, they are

6127:

JIS X 0208 prescribes a set of 6879 graphical characters that correspond to two-byte codes with either seven or eight bits to the byte; in JIS X 0208, this is called the

10284:

As shown in the code tables registered at the International Register of Coded Character Sets To Be Used With Escape Sequences, prior to the fourth standard (1997), the

9594:

were identified. Accordingly, exactly with what purpose for inclusion and from which sources these kanji came during compilation of the first standard was investigated.

9057:

While GB 18030 and GBK are extensions of the EUC-CN form of GB/T 2312, they do not follow the constraints of EUC or ISO 2022, unlike EUC-JP (or the original EUC-CN).

6882:. Furthermore, it was ruled that they should not be made by the composition of characters. For this reason, it became disallowed to represent Latin characters with 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 9234:

pairs of Kanji were swapped, such that the variant in level 2 was moved to level 1 and vice versa. For example, (level 1's) row 36 cell 59 in the first standard (

8525:" (i.e. "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A") is represented. The standard forbids the use of the "10/3 12/1" bit pattern, in an attempt to eliminate the duplicate encoding. 6801:

This means that the kanji set is the most widespread non-upward-compatible character set in the world; it is counted as one of the weak points of this standard.

9030:

international use. They are also less badly affected by colliding proprietary extensions, due to their greater base repertoire and designated private use areas.

6044:, encode vendor extensions in unallocated rows of the encoding space for JIS X 0208. Also, most of the codes unassigned in JIS X 0208 are assigned by the newer 9127: 6834:

and how the original implementation came forth with a differing interpretation compared to the IRV, it is thought that it is due to these incompatibilities.

9792:

and character compositions are sufficiently stable, he or she is likely to hesitate to use the repertoire of JIS X 0213 that requires those implementations.

5646: 12106: 9111: 8953:

JIS X 0212 is available in JIS X 0202 and ISO 2022, and included in the ISO-2022-JP-1 and ISO-2022-JP-2 profiles, but not in the basic ISO-2022-JP profile.

314: 9256:

Three characters from level 1 and one character from level 2 were given new code points at previously unassigned code points in row 84 as level 2 kanji.

8556:" at row 1 cell 1 and the half-width space (2/0) coexist. How the two should be different is not self-explanatory, and is not specified in the standard. 7825: 6090:

Character names of non-kanji characters use uppercase Roman letters, spaces, and hyphens. Non-kanji characters are given a Japanese-language common name

11943: 7210:. The original drafting committee did not investigate the listing itself; the kanji used from this list followed the "Correspondence Analysis Results". 8944:

JIS X 0201 katakana are available in JIS X 0202 and ISO 2022, but not included in the basic ISO-2022-JP profile, although they are a common extension.

8368:(which is authoritatively defined in RFC 1468) but is defined in terms of eight-bit bytes, whereas ISO-2022-JP is defined in terms of seven-bit bytes. 5990:

These empty areas contain code points that should basically not be used. Except when there is prior agreement among the relevant parties, characters (

9139: 9548: 9177: 13052: 9976:, at row 16 cell 17). JIS X 0212 has no characters in common with JIS X 0208 other than these. Hence, it is not suited for general use on its own. 9671: 9196: 10392:

Character names are given in Roman letters and are used internationally, so they can be considered an international convention, somewhat like the

13680: 9512: 5987:; that is, they are code points with no characters assigned to them. Also, some cells in other rows are also essentially unassigned code points. 9547:

for short. Entrusted by the AIST, a JSA committee for research and study of coded character sets produced the draft. The committee chairman was

12051: 9465: 9424:

When the new "X" category for Japanese Industrial Standards (for information-related fields) was introduced, the second standard was re-termed

9199:; also, the next modification was performed to keep pace with JIS C 6234-1983 (24-pixel matrix printer character forms; presently JIS X 9052). 8252:

Stipulated in the standard itself. Same as the 7-bit encoding, but defined in terms of 8-bit bytes. The CR region may be unused, or encode the

7246:, cities, districts, wards, towns, villages, and so forth were intentionally placed in level 1. Furthermore, amendments by experts were added. 6475:

As for the special characters in the kanji set, some characters from the graphic character set of the International Reference Version (IRV) of

8966:, in order to be a superset of 8-bit JIS X 0201, but are often decoded (not necessarily displayed) as ASCII, which differs only in two places. 8298:

Stipulated in the standard itself. ISO/IEC 646:IRV is assigned to the GL region, JIS X 0208 to the GR region. This is effectively a subset of

12126: 11640: 8500: 2137: 1058: 11221:], 2004. Concerning the revision of JIS X 0213 (7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded extended Kanji sets for information interchange) [ 9889:

character encoding. While IBM-932 and IBM-942 also include vendor assignments, they include them outside of the region used for JIS X 0208.

6976:

The arrangement of kana in JIS X 0208 is different from the arrangement of katakana in JIS X 0201. In JIS X 0201, the syllabary starts with

11596: 11077: 10410: 7239: 7235: 10633: 10595:

This is the same uncertainty as to whether the "HYPHEN-MINUS" in ISO/IEC 646 should be mapped to "HYPHEN" or "MINUS SIGN" in JIS X 0208.

9788:

and use the JIS X 0213 repertoire from there, but until a system administrator is able to judge that the implementations of UCS/Unicode

9298:). For example, a couple of code points that are often the subject of criticism due to being greatly changed are row 18 cell 10 (78JIS: 7876:

is the action of giving the same code point to a character without regard to its different character forms. In the fourth standard, the

7518:), the immediately following characters deviate from the general rule (stroke count in this case) to include three variants of 49-88 ( 11246:], 1997a. Concerning the revision of JIS X 0208 (7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded Kanji sets for information interchange ) [ 10505:

For row 19 cells 30 and 31, the order is mixed up for their representative readings. Consequently, where the correct order should be

8483:). JIS X 0208:1990 is also identified by the 94-set identifier byte 4/2, but can be distinguished with the revision identifier 4/0 ( 7065:

kanji code committee compiled this list in 1971. In the below "Correspondence Analysis Results", this appears to be 6086 characters.

6114:) corresponds to U+4E9C in UCS, so the name of it would be "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E9C". Kanji are not given Japanese common names. 10991: 10846: 6794:; there is no JIS X 0208 character for a tilde accent. Character 1-2-18 in JIS X 0213 is shown as a tilde accent in the code chart. 307: 11296:], 2000. Establishment of JIS X 0213 (7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded extended Kanji sets for information interchange) [ 9260:

for each of those code points were newly assigned to their original locations. For example, row 84 cell 1 in the second standard (

7026:" arose due to the incompatibility with the katakana of this standard. This point is also one of the weaknesses of this standard. 13353: 13107: 11402:], 1979. Problems concerning the use of the JIS kanji listing: design and handling of kanji in kanji processing systems [ 10740: 10727: 10637: 7496: 7062: 5535: 5530: 5510: 5505: 5500: 6816:

As to the cause of how these numerals, Latin letters, and so forth in the kanji set are the "full-width alphanumeric characters"

13343: 9875: 8392:

to designate JIS X 0208 to each of the four ISO 2022 code sets are listed below. Here, "ESC" refers to the control character "

8027:). Also, in unification criterion 101, there are three kanji displayed: the first takes the form most often seen in Japanese ( 7019:). This ordering was chosen in order to more simply facilitate the sorting of kana-based dictionary look-ups (Yasuoka, 2006). 6074:), so this is one possible source of character mappings to character sets such as Unicode. For example, both the character at 5665:

numbers are used for two-byte codes. For a way to identify a character without depending on a code, character names are used.

13092: 12046: 9957: 13226: 9268:) was moved there to accommodate a different form not included in the first standard at row 22 cell 38 as a level 1 kanji ( 10974:) and "There is a big problem in investigating all of a character set that exceeds 10000 characters." (original Japanese: 9569:

Definition of the general prohibition of the use of unassigned code points and methods of usage for unassigned code points

8914:

i.e. the sequence used to encode a given character is always the same, no matter what the previous character(s) were. See

7931:, lit. "character shape"; also a "glyph" in a sense, but differentiated on a different level for standardization purposes) 7560:

Kanji for which sources are unclear, unknown, or otherwise unidentifiable in JIS X 0208:1997 Appendix 7

11587: 8373: 300: 11206:] Things that fell within the scope of unification among the example glyphs changed in JIS C 6226-1983 (83JIS) [ 13620: 13131: 12934: 11678: 10060:) unifies a few variants due to its right-hand component. In JIS X 0213, two forms (the ones containing the component " 8376:. However, certain others are closely related to IANA-registered encodings defined elsewhere (EUC-JP and ISO-2022-JP). 10902: 10882: 13176: 12792: 12787: 12290: 12121: 11668: 11633: 11361: 9865: 7953:

The extent to which a glyph is unified to one code point is determined according to that code point's "example glyph"

68: 46: 39: 12210: 11548: 4743:

All characters in this set were added in 1983, and were not present in the original 1978 revision of the standard.

9176:. Entrusted by the AIST, a JIPDEC kanji code-related JIS committee produced the draft. The committee chairman was 13428: 13363: 13117: 13097: 10396:

of living organisms. In regard to this analogy, the Japanese common names for the characters would be like using

8372:

Among the encodings stipulated in the fourth standard, only the "Shift" coded character set is registered by the

6347:

Occupies row 5. There are 86 characters; in addition to the katakana equivalents of the hiragana characters, the

6311:

Occupies part of row 3. The 26 letters of the English alphabet in uppercase and lowercase form for a total of 52.

3222:, which use the same layout, but in a different row. Contrast the considerably different Katakana layout used by 338:, containing 6879 graphic characters suitable for writing text, place names, personal names, and so forth in the 11375:

The development of kanji and Japanese language processing technologies: the standardization of kanji codes [

10050:

unified, are given separate code points in JIS X 0213. For example, the glyph at row 33 cell 46 of JIS X 0208 ("

13670: 13181: 11774: 10949: 9461: 7830: 10422:

According to Yasuoka (2001a), it seems there were some accidental oversights. He notes, for example, that the

9286:

Among the changes in those 300 or so kanji character forms, many level 1 glyphs that were in the style of the

13295: 13266: 12916: 11427:], 1990. Establishment of JIS X 0212 (Kanji Codes for Information Interchange – Supplemental Kanji) [ 11181:] Things that were not unified in 97JIS among the example glyphs changed in JIS C 6226-1983 (83JIS) [ 9739: 8496: 6083: 6067: 335: 10798: 10755: 8316:

Stipulated in the standard itself. As with IRV+8-bit, but with ISO/IEC 646:IRV replaced with ISO/IEC 646:JP.

6057: 13358: 13246: 13206: 11626: 10656: 9183:

The draft of the second standard was based on the consideration of factors such as the promulgation of the

10700: 9580:

characters with the same name, only one is permitted; thus, duplicate encodings were generally eliminated.

7510:

are arranged to directly follow their exemplar form. For example, in level 2, right after row 49 cell 88 (

13600: 13211: 13141: 13127: 13112: 13016: 12929: 12901: 12867: 11503: 11010: 8223:

In JIS X 0208:1997, article 7 combined with appendices 1 and 2 define a total of eight encoding schemes.

6782: 1047: 8998:

Single byte characters 0x21–7E in EUC-JP are generally considered ASCII, but sometimes treated as

13574: 13519: 13440: 13221: 12877: 12872: 12225: 9643: 9231: 9126:

kanji code standardization research and study committee produced the draft. The committee chairman was

7507: 406: 187: 13216: 10733:

ISO-IR-233: Japanese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange, Plane 1 (Update of ISO-IR 228)

10615: 10166: 8528:

In consideration to implementations that treat the characters of the code points in the kanji set as "

8505:

When using the kanji set of this standard with either the ISO/IEC 646:1991 IRV graphic character set (

6396:

Occupies row 6. The 24 letters of the Greek alphabet in uppercase and lowercase form (minus the final

5841:

instead uses the range 0xA1 through 0xFE (setting the high bit to 1), whereas other encodings such as

13281: 13236: 13072: 12621: 12325: 12270: 12235: 9675: 8111:) according to unification criterion 72, 20-73 only corresponds to the form where they do not cross ( 6209: 8193:

In the fourth standard, "unification criteria for maintaining compatibility with previous standards"

7270:); and inversely, some level 1 kanji have become infrequent, notably the ones meaning "centimeter" ( 6001:

Furthermore, when assigning characters to unassigned code points, it is necessary to be cautious of

12796: 12305: 12285: 12280: 12220: 12215: 11724: 11561: 11110:

are presented as if they were in Western order where Romanized, and retain Eastern order where not.

10113: 9753:

JIS X 0213 is not strictly upward-compatible with JIS X 0208 in terms of unification criteria (see

8931: 8915: 5774:

A row number and a cell number (each numbered from 1 to 94, for a standard JIS X 0208 code) form a

2133: 33: 13171: 9923:

for katakana can be used together as specified in JIS X 0208 (the shift-coded character set; i.e.

9325:

There were many smaller changes away from the Kangxi-style variants; for example, row 25 cell 84 (

1038:

Some vendors use slightly different Unicode mapping for this set than the one below. For example,

13665: 13646: 13630: 13557: 13552: 13514: 13485: 13450: 12882: 12616: 12315: 12200: 11374: 10674: 10380: 9781: 7783: 6490:

The ASCII/IRV characters without exact JIS X 0208 equivalents were later assigned code points by

6205: 2129: 1781: 8479:). JIS C 6226:1983 / JIS X 0208:1983 is identified by the multibyte-94-set identifier byte 4/2 ( 427:, JIS X 0208-"compatible" products are not considered to exist. Terminology such as "conformant" 13675: 13241: 13231: 13087: 13077: 12611: 12320: 11765: 11752: 11688: 9758: 9217: 9135: 8246:

Stipulated in the standard itself. The JIS X 0208 double-byte set is assigned to the GL region.

7500: 7110:

Gyōsei Jōhō Shoriyō Kihon Kanji Sentei no Tame no Kanji no Shiyō Hindo Oyobi Taiō Bunseki Kekka

6859: 50: 10469:

List: 丼󠄀傲󠄀刹󠄀哺󠄀喩󠄀嗅󠄀嘲󠄁毀󠄀彙󠄀恣󠄀惧󠄀慄󠄀憬󠄀拉󠄀摯󠄁曖󠄀楷󠄀鬱󠄀璧󠄀瘍󠄀箋󠄀籠󠄀緻󠄀羞󠄀訃󠄀諧󠄀貪󠄀踪󠄀辣󠄀錮

7290:, 30 fall into level 2, while three are missing altogether (塡󠄀, 剝󠄀 and 頰󠄀). Of the current 2140:

block if used in an encoding which combines JIS X 0208 with ASCII or with JIS X 0201, such as

13418: 13256: 13191: 13067: 12606: 11760: 10679:(codes in Shift_JIS format; SJIS 0x815C = 1-29 = JIS 0x213D; SJIS 0x817C = 1-61 = JIS 0x215D) 10661:(codes in Shift_JIS format; SJIS 0x815C = 1-29 = JIS 0x213D; SJIS 0x817C = 1-61 = JIS 0x215D) 10393: 8284:

Stipulated in the standard itself. As with IRV+7-bit, but with ISO/IEC 646:IRV replaced with

8228: 7322:(Chinese-sound) reading is considered the representative reading; where a kanji has multiple 6415: 410:) between the levels, at least in the first and second standards, it is conjectured that non- 12636: 7358:

For example, cells 1 to 41 on row 16 are 41 characters sorted as starting with a reading of

7223:

The 2,965 Level 1 kanji occupy rows 16 to 47. The 3,390 Level 2 kanji occupy rows 48 to 84.

13579: 13251: 13011: 12631: 10438: 9702: 7479:

Where the representative reading is the same between different kanji, a kanji that uses an

7243: 6420:

Occupies row 8. Thin segments, thick segments, and mixed thin and thick segments, 32 total.

5682: 1464: 11613: 7351: 7345: 8: 13534: 13161: 12646: 12531: 12521: 12516: 11172: 11048:

JIS X 0202 "Information technology – Character code structure and extension techniques" (

9851: 9698: 9417:) components were changed with no different treatment between level 1 and level 2 kanji. 8253: 7234:

as a basis. Also, JIS C 6260 ("To-Do-Fu-Ken (Prefecture) Identification Code"; currently

1479: 1301: 1179: 1164: 10995: 9650:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

6781:

Wave Dash is sometimes treated as a fullwidth form of the tilde, e.g. by Microsoft (see

6748:

From "NEC selection of IBM extensions". Occupies a code point unallocated in JIS X 0208.

3796:

adds vertical presentation forms and KPS 9566 adds Roman numerals. Compare and contrast

459:

is included in JIS X 0208, but the semantics of these terms vary from person to person.

13615: 13463: 13276: 13271: 13196: 12195: 12169: 11693: 11649: 11200: 11175: 11089: 9810: 9295: 7226:

For level 1, characters common to multiple kanji glyph listings were chosen, using the

5059: 1474: 118: 11068:"Code of the supplementary Japanese graphic character set for information interchange" 9353:") falls under the parameters for unification criterion 42 (concerning the component " 8088:

apply if the resulting glyph would coincide with that of another code point entirely.

6339:), 10 small kana for palatalized and assimilated sounds, for a total of 83 characters. 1057:

punctuation (shown here with a yellow background) may use alternative mappings to the

13605: 13544: 13524: 13186: 13166: 13146: 12774: 12250: 12230: 11742: 11544: 11357: 11197: 11055:

JIS X 0208 "7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded KANJI sets for information interchange"

10769: 9690: 9616: 9587: 9287: 8553: 6292: 5686: 5678: 5674: 5520: 5381: 1509: 339: 103: 9953:, meaning that kanji from both sets can be included in one Unicode-format document. 9679: 9508: 9188: 7291: 7231: 5994:) for information interchange should not be assigned to the unassigned code points. 5821:" has a code point at row 16, cell 1, so its code number is represented as "16-01". 13562: 13136: 13102: 12812: 12641: 11074:"7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded extended KANJI sets for information interchange" 10457: 10142: 10066:") are unified on plane 1 row 33 cell 46, and the other (containing the component " 9694: 9242:) was moved to (level 2's) row 52 cell 68; the point originally at row 52 cell 68 ( 8393: 7912:

is an abstract notion as to the graphical representation of a graphic character; a

7770: 7554: 6409: 5809:

is expressed in the form "row-cell", the row and cell numbers being separated by a

5515: 5071:, is a common extension. It is used (with minor variations, noted in footnotes) by 4234: 1194: 1019: 137: 113: 108: 11477:], 2001b. Situation of the Newest Character Codes in Japan (latter part) [ 11452:], 2001a. Situation of the Newest Character Codes in Japan (former part) [ 11146:], 1984. Revision of JIS C 6226: Kanji codes for information interchange [ 10826: 8092:

unused kanji not be created based on the example glyphs and unification criteria.

7495:

readings are the same between more than one kanji, they are then ordered by their

7238:) and JIS C 6261 ("Identification code for cities, towns and villages"; currently 6786: 4911: 4891: 13610: 13529: 12260: 12255: 12245: 12190: 11875: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11578:

Update Registration 87 Japanese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange

10244:. Code position selected by either NEC or Microsoft. Not in Macintosh PostScript. 10101: 9950: 9591: 9184: 8389: 7871: 7765: 7287: 7227: 7023: 6403: 6298: 6021:) and the less common form with a ladder-like construction in the same location ( 6002: 5677:

codes are represented with two bytes of at least seven bits each. However, every

5386: 4238: 1148: 550: 10773: 9927:). The kanji set and graphic character set for katakana can be used together in 9471:

225 kanji glyphs were changed, and two characters were added to level 2 (84-05 "

8521:

pattern corresponding to the kanji set's row 3 cell 33 (10/3 12/1), the letter "

7920: 7899: 5854: 5782: 2160: 13062: 13057: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13032: 12996: 12991: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12807: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12330: 11915: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11663: 10675:"Map (external version) from Mac OS Japanese encoding to Unicode 2.1 and later" 10112:. Every kanji in JIS X 0208 corresponds to its own code point in UCS/Unicode's 10043: 9831: 9813:, several companies have implemented their own encodings of the character set. 9789: 9747: 9714: 9337:) gained part of a stroke (i.e., the same part of the stroke that 25-84 lost). 8546: 8529: 6863: 6760:

From "IBM extensions". Outside range of JIS X 0208, but encodable in Shift_JIS.

6391: 6306: 6242: 6168: 5605: 5480: 5475: 3774: 1786: 1776: 1771: 1504: 132: 12310: 9949:. Also, JIS X 0208 and JIS X 0212 are both source standards for UCS/Unicode's 6502:

Non-strict correspondence between ISO/IEC 646:1991 IRV (ASCII) and JIS X 0208

4897: 4882: 13659: 13382: 12802: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12541: 12536: 12526: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12265: 12240: 12205: 12164: 11910: 11107: 11094: 11081: 10105: 9992: 9988: 9855: 9806: 9706: 9464:

for the revision of JIS X 0208 created the draft. The committee chairman was

6887: 6288: 4894: 4879: 1489: 1189: 331: 11027:

JIS X 0213:2000 section 5.3.2, JIS X 0213:2000 Appendix 1:2004 section 3.2.2

5789:

point, which is used to represent double-byte code points. A code number or

4903: 4900: 4888: 4885: 4876: 4838: 4249: 3219: 2662: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13122: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12300: 12295: 12275: 12159: 12151: 11784: 11059: 11049: 10100:

The kanji set of JIS X 0208 is among the original source standards for the

9837: 9762: 9734: 8627: 8236: 6791: 6769:

Microsoft treat the JIS minus sign as a fullwidth form of the hyphen-minus.

5401: 3797: 1589: 1326: 1214: 1209: 222: 11605: 9527:"7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded KANJI sets for information interchange" 1203: 11717: 11700: 11504:"Differences between the JIS kanji plan (1976) and JIS C 6226-1978" [ 10573: 10397: 10146: 10046:, a variant of Shift_JIS capable of encoding the entirety of JIS X 0213. 10004: 9821: 9769: 9612: 9586:

Characters included in the standard so far that are found in neither the

9538:

Nana-Bitto Oyobi Hachi-Bitto no Ni-Baito Jōhō Kōkan'yō Fugōka Kanji Shūgō

8902: 8621: 8365: 8267: 8053:); and the third is like the second, except that radical 12 is inverted ( 7309: 6495: 6476: 6075: 6041: 6037: 5829: 5825: 5717: 5559: 5371: 5316: 5088: 5072: 4092: 3946: 3778: 2149: 1594: 1574: 1494: 1078: 416: 381:

The character set JIS X 0208 establishes is primarily for the purpose of

365:

in 1978, and has been revised in 1983, 1990, and 1997. It is also called

356:

Nana-Bitto Oyobi Hachi-Bitto no Ni-Baito Jōhō Kōkan'yō Fugōka Kanji Shūgō

218: 9206:

39 characters were added to the special characters. Among these 39, per

5729:

The double-byte codes are laid out in 94 numbered groups, each called a

4867: 4253: 3789: 3215: 2658: 2156: 1980: 1654: 1285: 1033: 344:

7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded KANJI sets for information interchange

13567: 13475: 13328: 13006: 12101: 12071: 12066: 12056: 12021: 11905: 11900: 11890: 11885: 11683: 11673: 11071: 11065: 11042: 10813: 10241: 10015: 10000: 9996: 9939: 9916: 9817: 9667: 9290:

were changed into variants, and especially more simplified forms (e.g.

8606: 8597: 8542: 8307: 8303: 8289: 8232: 8042: 7303: 6919: 6911: 6045: 5929: 5689:– is represented with a one-byte code. In order to represent the 5658: 5565: 5474: 5356: 5092: 4870: 4829: 4245: 3800:, which offsets the Greek letters to include the Roman numerals first. 3785: 3223: 3211: 2654: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2164: 2125: 1976: 1236: 1174: 1066: 481: 266: 252: 242: 195: 13508: 11618: 11577: 11572: 11567: 10731: 10567: 10559: 10532: 10515: 10379:. However, the row and cell of JIS X 0208 and the row and cell of the 10342: 10325: 9971: 9963: 9507:"). Some of the changes and the two additions corresponded to the 118 9502: 9494: 9482: 9474: 9271: 9263: 9245: 9237: 8122: 8114: 8106: 8098: 8048: 8036: 8022: 7998: 7537: 7529: 7521: 7513: 7447: 7423: 7391: 7367: 7281: 7273: 7265: 7257: 6383: 6369: 6361: 6109: 6024: 6016: 6008: 5937: 5917: 5909: 5891: 5883: 5816: 5758: 5737: 4873: 4864: 4835: 4832: 4237:

and is not necessarily sufficient for representing other forms of the

2111: 13455: 13433: 13338: 13151: 12180: 12111: 12091: 12086: 12011: 12006: 10708: 10696: 9924: 9861: 9718: 9608: 8662: 8510: 8339: 8275: 8015: 8004: 7881: 7250:

transferred from level 1 to level 2 on that basis (Nishimura, 1978).

6979: 6959: 6942: 6925: 6883: 6470: 6327: 6321: 6214: 6033: 5951: 5865: 5842: 5084: 4826: 2145: 2136:. Characters in this set may use alternative Unicode mappings to the 1599: 1311: 1198: 1184: 1169: 1070: 1043: 1039: 277: 212: 10478:

The jōyō kanji 𠮟󠄀 is included only in its official variant form 叱.

9686:

still continues." (JIS X 0213:2000, Appendix 1:2004, section 2.9.7)

9440:"Code of Japanese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange" 9154:"Code of Japanese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange" 9092:"Code of Japanese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange" 7315: 6995: 5534: 5060:

Extension character set 0x2D (row number 13, NEC special characters)

3792:, which include the same Greek letters in the same layout, although 13625: 13480: 13445: 13423: 13333: 13156: 12096: 12081: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12016: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11747: 11737: 11733: 11707: 11606:

Unification-related provisions in the JIS X 0208 and 0213 standards

9710: 9456:

revised the second standard on 1 September 1990. It is also called

8818: 8576: 8385: 8271: 8263: 7885: 7360: 6907: 6903: 6376: 6348: 6342: 6314: 6079: 5396: 4847: 4471: 4461: 3793: 3204: 2647: 1604: 1231: 287: 161: 11045:"7-bit and 8-bit coded character sets for information interchange" 10829:, Shift JIS is defined by referring to JIS X 0208:1997 Appendix 1. 9573:

conditions for the usage of unassigned code points were specified.

9172:

revised the first standard on 1 September 1983. It is also called

8559: 7009:). On the other hand, in JIS X 0208, the kana are sorted first by 6319:

Occupies row 4. Contains 48 unvoiced kana (including the obsolete

5479: 4850: 4817: 1050:

also differs between vendors. See the cells with footnotes below.

13495: 13291: 13201: 13082: 12656: 12026: 12001: 11991: 11729: 10634:

list of applicable target systems for display of the new JIS mark

10109: 10008: 9827: 9785: 9543:

revised the third standard on 20 January 1997. It is also called

9291: 9192: 8736: 7867: 7775: 7339:

reading was employed as the representative reading. Where a verb

6915: 6837:

Ever since the first standard, it has been possible to represent

6336: 6332: 6219: 6071: 5849: 5391: 5376: 5361: 4858: 4814: 4738: 4681: 4671: 4371: 2168: 2117: 1609: 1409: 1404: 1394: 1389: 1374: 1369: 1042:

maps kuten 1-29 (JIS 0x213D) to U+2015 (Horizontal Bar), whereas

282: 10936:「JIS X 0208が当初符号化を意図していた現代日本語を符号化するために十分な文字集合を提供することを目的として設計された」 7891:

Furthermore, according to the specifications in the standard, a

5524: 4861: 4820: 1458: 1255: 1245: 13500: 13490: 13468: 13348: 13323: 13318: 13001: 12892: 12782: 12141: 12131: 12116: 11933: 10854:

IBM Japanese Graphic Character Set for Extended UNIX Code (EUC)

10781: 10039: 9946: 9928: 9904: 9743: 9123: 8999: 8963: 8962:

Single byte characters 0x21–7E in Shift_JIS are properly

8855: 8781: 8699: 8537: 8299: 8285: 8204:

kako no kikaku to no gokansei wo iji suru tame no hōsetsu kijun

8081: 7849:

According to the specifications in the fourth standard (1997),

5838: 5810: 5529: 5336: 5326: 5076: 4841: 4823: 4581: 4456: 2141: 1453: 1074: 1054: 228: 9750:, a lack of adoption for mobile phones deters usage elsewhere. 8509:) or JIS X 0201's graphic character set for Latin characters ( 8490: 8400:

ISO 2022 escape sequences to select JIS C 6226 and JIS X 0208

7294:, 192 are in level 2, while 105 are not part of the standard. 5624: 5067:

However, the following layout for row 13, first introduced by

4811: 4466: 4228: 3965: 3935: 3198: 2641: 1383: 13595: 13313: 13308: 13303: 12920: 12626: 12136: 12076: 11938: 11712: 10272: 9773: 9722: 8744: 8586: 8506: 8379: 8278:

designates the JIS X 0208 double-byte set to the same region.

7877: 6872: 6480: 6423: 6397: 5991: 5955: 5824:

In 7-bit JIS X 0208 (as might be switched to in JIS X 0202 /

5630: 5629: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5560: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5525: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5465: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5366: 5341: 5331: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5080: 5064:

Rows 9 through 15 of the JIS X 0208 standard are left empty.

4844: 4666: 4451: 4446: 4441: 3885: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2121: 2101: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2007: 1998: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1971: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1919: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1889: 1884: 1863: 1858: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1791: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1499: 1469: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1384: 1379: 1378: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1342: 1333: 1321: 1316: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1204: 1199: 1159: 1154: 1062: 477: 411: 10240:

Absent in original version of extension, which predates the

9742:), being a widespread, commonly accessed medium for sending 9282:

The character forms of approximately 300 kanji were amended.

8218: 8084:

for the first printing, there are 186 unification criteria.

6202: 4808: 4676: 4491: 4486: 4436: 4431: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4356: 4336: 4111: 4081: 4031: 3985: 3955: 3915: 3910: 1518: 1448: 1428: 1358: 1348: 1270: 1061:

block if used in an encoding which combines JIS X 0208 with

12906: 11996: 11271:], 1997b. Plan for the extension of the JIS kanji [ 10215:

WHATWG: U+FF0D on decoding, exceptionally both on encoding.

9886: 9841: 6172: 5504: 5346: 5245: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4566: 4546: 4476: 4426: 4401: 4366: 4361: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4331: 4326: 3900: 3880: 3875: 3865: 3768: 1745: 1740: 1443: 1423: 166: 11535:

The History of Character Codes: Europe, America, and Japan

10564:) is at row 23 cell 85 on level 1, and one other variant ( 8295:

International Reference Version + 8-bit encoding for kanji

8270::1991 IRV (International Reference Version, equivalent to 8259:

International Reference Version + 7-bit encoding for kanji

7099:

Administrative Data Processing Use Normal Kanji Selection"

6891: 5544: 5519: 5255: 5250: 5225: 5220: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4591: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4536: 4532: 4492: 4487: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4321: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4026: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4011: 3986: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3950: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3741: 3736: 3696: 3661: 3651: 3641: 3471: 3135: 3100: 3090: 3080: 2910: 2088: 2053: 1894: 1614: 1584: 1579: 1564: 1544: 1275: 1219: 13373: 11058:

JIS X 0211 "Control functions for coded character sets" (

9882: 9871: 9847: 9607:

By the time of the fourth standard, the encoding methods

8348:

Stipulated in Appendix 2: "RFC 1468-Coded Representation"

8188: 8119:), and 80-90 only corresponds to the form where they do ( 7335:

reading which is little known and not in common use, the

5549: 5514: 5499: 5464: 5351: 5240: 5230: 5099:

NEC Special Characters for JIS X 0208 (prefixed by 0x2D)

5068: 4686: 4636: 4611: 4576: 4531: 4051: 4036: 4016: 3945: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3895: 1903: 1898: 1837: 1513: 1280: 1250: 1240: 171: 11599:: (a copy of the latest standard may be purchased here). 10632:

JIS X 0208 was not one of the standards included in the

7343:

reading must be used as the representative reading, the

6956:(both obsolete in modern Japanese) as well as the small 5539: 5509: 5260: 5215: 5210: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4106: 4096: 4041: 3331: 3321: 3311: 3301: 3291: 2770: 2760: 2750: 2740: 2730: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 11588:

Japanese Industrial Standards Committee database search

11512:

at the 17th "Computer Usage for Oriental Studies" [

11201: 11176: 9796:

many cases, especially where resources are constrained.

6805:

arrangement for the 62 letters and numbers alone (e.g.

6303:

Occupies part of row 3. The ten digits from "0" to "9".

5445: 5315: 4091: 4076: 4071: 4066: 2171:

in this row, rather than only the alphanumeric subset.

2159:, which this row exactly matches. Compare and contrast 1832: 11184:

JIS C 6226-1983 (83JIS) で例示字体を変更したうち、97JISで包摂とされなかったもの

11080:"Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)" ( 9729:

JIS X 0213 is to supplant JIS X 0208 in common usage:

8322:

Stipulated in Appendix 1: "Shift-Coded Representation"

5966:

Among the 2-byte codes, rows 9 to 15 and 85 to 94 are

5750:. Every row contains 94 numbered codes, each called a 5661:, column/line numbers are used for one-byte codes and 5300: 5295: 5275: 4256:, which use the same layout (but in a different row). 3214:, which matches this row. Compare and contrast row 11 2657:, which matches this row. Compare and contrast row 10 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2128:

Roman set), minus punctuation and symbols, comprising

1960: 1438: 1320: 1158: 9460:

for short. Entrusted by the AIST, a committee at the

8522: 8227:"SPACE" and 7/15 the control character "DELETE". The 5305: 5285: 5280: 5205: 5195: 5190: 5170: 2665:, which use the same layout, but in a different row. 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 1655:

Character set 0x22 (row number 2, special characters)

1478: 1433: 1418: 1408: 1388: 1330: 1034:

Character set 0x21 (row number 1, special characters)

10954:

CJKV Information Processing (supplementary material)

10907:

CJKV Information Processing (supplementary material)

10887:

CJKV Information Processing (supplementary material)

9511:

added in March 1990. The standard itself was set in

9387:") were not generally applied to kanji in level 2 (" 8388:/JIS X 0202 (of which ISO-2022-JP is a subset). The 7880:

allowed are limited; the extent to which particular

7016:ぁあぃいぅうぇえぉお......っつづ......はばぱひびぴふぶぷへべぺほぼぽ......ゎわゐゑをん 5932:

extends this structure by having more than one plane

5923: 5897: 5848:

This structure is also used in the Mainland Chinese

5310: 5290: 5270: 5265: 5200: 5180: 5175: 3731: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3701: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3656: 3646: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3140: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3095: 3085: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 1827: 1413: 1403: 1173: 9701:) in the personal computing sector, the JIS X 0213 9067:

boundaries, depending on the codepoint(s) involved.

6783:

Tilde § Unicode and Shift JIS encoding of wave dash

5574: 5440: 5395: 5360: 5185: 5165: 5160: 3726: 3336: 3165: 2775: 2120:invariant set (and therefore also a subset of both 2112:

Character set 0x23 (row number 3, digits and Roman)

1990: 1508: 1373: 1228: 11410:Journal of Information Processing Society of Japan 11348:JIS Kanji Dictionary, enlarged and revised edition 11224:JIS X 0213 (7ビット及び8ビットの2バイト情報交換用符号化拡張漢字集合) の改正について 10958:Note inclusion of kuten codes with hyphen omitted. 10911:Note inclusion of kuten codes with hyphen omitted. 10891:Note inclusion of kuten codes with hyphen omitted. 10057: 9713:has been compatible with JIS X 0213 since version 8077:) all apply to the code point at line 33 cell 46. 7167:Kanji for National Administrative District Listing 7071:Basic Kanji for Administrative Data Processing Use 6471:Special characters, numerals, and Latin characters 6447:from row 16 to row 47, and the 3390 characters of 6412:in uppercase and lowercase form for a total of 66. 5579: 5390: 3326: 3316: 3306: 3296: 2765: 2755: 2745: 2735: 2167:, which include their entire national variants of 2062: 1770: 1368: 1193: 1153: 9915:The kanji set lacks three characters included in 9646:may be compromised due to out-of-date information 7934:form of one glyph is termed a "design difference" 7476:-form verbs used for the representative reading. 5833:of 16-01 ("亜") would be represented by the bytes 5604: 5494: 5375: 5365: 5340: 2067: 2028: 2013: 1785: 1775: 1473: 1393: 1310: 376: 13657: 13575:Unicode control, format and separator characters 10841: 10839: 10837: 10835: 8033:); the second contains a more traditional form ( 7844: 7364:. Within these, 22 characters, including 16-10 ( 7242:) were consulted; kanji for nearly all Japanese 7194:, the "National Administrative District Listing" 6886:at all, with possibly the sole exception of the 5828:), both bytes must be from the 94-byte range of 5647:Appendix:Japanese kanji by JIS X 0208 kuten code 5345: 2057: 2004: 1985: 1558: 1503: 1339: 1146: 342:. The official title of the current standard is 11249:JIS X0208 (7ビット及び8ビットの2バイト情報交換用符号化漢字集合) の改正について 10701:"A Brief History of Japan's Era Name Ligatures" 10523: 10506: 10442: 10423: 10365: 10350: 10333: 10316: 10300: 10285: 10031: 9960:" that JIS X 0208 had assigned as a non-kanji ( 9805:Because JIS X 0208 / JIS C 6226 is primarily a 9733:The character repertoires utilized in Japanese 9536: 9449: 9191:, and the standardization of Japanese-language 9163: 9101: 9020:JIS X 0212 in EUC-JP is not always implemented. 8984: 8982: 8560:Comparison of encoding schemes used in practice 8357: 8331: 8202: 8172: 8156: 8140: 7980: 7962: 7943: 7926: 7905: 7861: 7807: 7789: 7203: 7177: 7147: 7124: 7108: 7081: 7050: 6999:order, followed by the full-size kana, also in 6977: 6957: 6940: 6923: 6849: 6825: 6459: 6440: 6276: 6257: 6234: 6194: 6158: 6139: 6099: 5978: 5943: 5802: 5764: 5743: 5724: 5701: 5614: 5564: 5400: 5385: 5370: 5335: 4248:, which matches this row. Compare and contrast 3773:This row contains basic support for the modern 2082: 2052: 1780: 1760: 1643: 1608: 1488: 1325: 1265: 452: 436: 393: 354: 11597:Japanese Standards Association database search 11538: 11528: 11522: 11513: 11505: 11497: 11488: 11478: 11472: 11463: 11453: 11447: 11438: 11428: 11422: 11413: 11403: 11397: 11388: 11376: 11368: 11356:]. Tokyo: Japanese Standards Association ( 11351: 11341: 11332: 11322: 11316: 11307: 11299:JIS X 0213 (7ビット及び8ビットの2バイト情報交換用符号化拡張漢字集合) の制定 11297: 11291: 11282: 11272: 11266: 11257: 11247: 11241: 11232: 11222: 11216: 11207: 11191: 11182: 11166: 11157: 11147: 11141: 11132: 11122: 11116: 10975: 10969: 10934: 10565: 10557: 10530: 10513: 10449: 10430: 10372: 10357: 10340: 10323: 10307: 10292: 10067: 10061: 10051: 10025: 9969: 9961: 9892: 9776:in some such places. The code points of these 9530: 9500: 9492: 9480: 9472: 9443: 9412: 9406: 9400: 9394: 9388: 9382: 9376: 9370: 9364: 9354: 9348: 9342: 9332: 9326: 9317: 9311: 9305: 9299: 9269: 9261: 9243: 9235: 9157: 9095: 8351: 8325: 8196: 8166: 8150: 8134: 8120: 8112: 8104: 8096: 8066: 8060: 8046: 8034: 8028: 8020: 8008: 7996: 7974: 7956: 7937: 7918: 7897: 7855: 7801: 7781: 7746: 7731: 7716: 7701: 7686: 7671: 7656: 7641: 7626: 7611: 7596: 7581: 7535: 7527: 7519: 7511: 7445: 7421: 7389: 7365: 7279: 7271: 7263: 7255: 7197: 7171: 7141: 7118: 7102: 7075: 7044: 7014: 7004: 6986: 6966: 6949: 6932: 6922:markings as part of a character. The katakana 6843: 6819: 6453: 6434: 6381: 6367: 6359: 6270: 6251: 6228: 6188: 6152: 6133: 6107: 6093: 6032:In practice, however, several vendor-specific 6022: 6014: 6006: 5972: 5935: 5814: 5796: 5780: 5756: 5735: 5695: 5599: 5584: 5484: 5380: 5355: 5330: 5325: 4739:Character set 0x28 (row number 8, box drawing) 2100: 2087: 2005: 1996: 1975: 1918: 1862: 1725: 1633: 1628: 1613: 1588: 1553: 1498: 1340: 1331: 1213: 1208: 1188: 476:For lead bytes used for characters other than 446: 430: 387: 348: 11634: 11209:JIS C 6226-1983 (83JIS) 例示字体変更のうち、包摂の範囲内だったもの 11002: 10832: 10796: 10753: 10722: 10720: 10718: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10669: 10667: 8501:Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms (Unicode block) 8080:In the fourth standard, including one of the 8072: 8054: 7548: 5950:of rows, which is also the structure used by 5350: 2311: 2306: 2286: 2072: 1995: 1883: 1847: 1735: 1730: 1593: 1573: 1543: 1538: 1493: 308: 10971:「JIS X 0208の文字集合選定の表層的理解に基づくものであり、間違った理解である」 10095: 9897: 9491:for two characters already included (49-59 " 9112:Minister of International Trade and Industry 8979: 8926: 8924: 8013:) and the kanji that eventually spawned the 7137:Japanese Personality Registration Name Kanji 6862:, ligatures for measurement unit names, and 5915: 5907: 5889: 5881: 5864:, and the South Korean KS C 5601 (currently 5708:of a one-byte code, two decimal numbers – a 5489: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 2316: 2296: 2291: 2271: 1888: 1822: 1765: 1623: 1618: 1583: 1468: 1260: 10792: 10790: 9393:" stayed as-is). The aforementioned 25-84 ( 9120:Agency of Industrial Science and Technology 8491:Duplicate encodings of ASCII and JIS X 0201 8313:Latin characters + 8-bit encoding for kanji 8281:Latin characters + 7-bit encoding for kanji 7483:reading is placed ahead of one that uses a 7230:, the tōyō kanji correction draft, and the 7040:Kanji Listing for Standard Code (Tentative) 6777: 6775: 6146:, which includes 6355 kanji as well as 524 5569: 4229:Character set 0x27 (row number 7, Cyrillic) 3199:Character set 0x25 (row number 5, Katakana) 2642:Character set 0x24 (row number 4, Hiragana) 2301: 2281: 2276: 1842: 1790: 1598: 1578: 1533: 1528: 1463: 1315: 1218: 16:Double-byte Japanese standard character set 11641: 11627: 10726: 10715: 10682: 10664: 10413:(Collation of Japanese character strings). 10275:library functions to allow round-tripping. 10266: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10252: 10250: 9945:JIS X 0212 can be used with JIS X 0208 in 9576:General elimination of duplicate encodings 8380:Escape sequences for JIS X 0202 / ISO 2022 6756: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6466:from row 48 to row 84 for a total of 6355. 5609: 5589: 2023: 1893: 1638: 1603: 1563: 1523: 1235: 1230: 1183: 1168: 315: 301: 10799:"KSX1001.TXT: KS X 1001 to Unicode table" 10556:In addition, the primarily used variant ( 10539:, their positions are transposed so that 10161: 10159: 10157: 10155: 10083:in JIS X 0208 corresponds to plane 1 row 8921: 8302:, excluding the half-width katakana from 8256:from JIS X 0211. The GR region is unused. 8219:Encoding schemes stipulated by JIS X 0208 8059:). Consequently, all three permutations ( 7995:For example, the example glyph at 33-46 ( 7874:" although it is nearly the same concept) 7035:characters of the first standard (1978). 5961: 5083:), by the PostScript variant (but, since 2018: 1950: 1908: 1300: 1290: 69:Learn how and when to remove this message 11321:], 2001. Concerning JIS kanji [ 10787: 10768: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10221: 10007:, the Microsoft standard repertoire and 9987: 9597:Definition of kanji unification criteria 9197:Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications 8103:) as well as the form where they don't ( 6973:, not in JIS X 0201, are also included. 6897: 6772: 5619: 5594: 3769:Character set 0x26 (row number 6, Greek) 2077: 1295: 369:by IBM. The 1978 version is also called 32:This article includes a list of general 11648: 11590:(the latest standard may be read here). 10929: 10927: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10638:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry 10247: 8262:Stipulated in the standard itself. The 7764:(a large kanji dictionary published by 7063:Information Processing Society of Japan 6993:, followed by the small kana sorted by 6751: 6739: 5954:, and related to the structure used by 5087:version 7, not the regular variant) of 1970: 1945: 1857: 1548: 13681:Computer-related introductions in 1978 13658: 11573:Japanese Character Set JIS C 6226-1983 11568:Japanese Character Set JIS C 6226-1978 10992:"JIS Character Sets – JIS X 0212:1990" 10728:Japanese Industrial Standard Committee 10654: 10602: 10180:Unicode, Microsoft and WHATWG: U+2015. 10152: 9250:) was in turn moved to row 36 cell 59. 8213: 8189:Unification criteria for compatibility 8041:) in which the first two strokes form 7179:Kokudo Gyōsei Kukaku Sōran Shiyō Kanji 7115:, or "Correspondence Analysis Results" 6494:, these are also listed below, as are 6408:Occupies row 7. The 33 letters of the 6058:Unicode character property § Name 1178: 1163: 11622: 11405:JIS漢字表の利用上の問題: 漢字処理システムにおける漢字のデザインと管理 11008: 10695: 10572:) can be found grouped as having the 10278: 10218: 9995:comparing repertoires of JIS X 0208, 9697:(and hence supplying the predominant 9558:The main points of the revision are: 9114:on 1 January 1978. It is also called 8045:(the kanji numeral for the number 8: 7218: 6487:the specifics of display may differ. 6062:Each JIS X 0208 character is given a 1955: 11106:For the purposes of citation, these 10989: 10924: 10863:from the original on 8 December 2017 10643: 9627: 6182:Occupies rows 1 and 2. There are 18 5668: 18: 11614:Cyber Librarian – JIS kanji listing 11329:Standardization and Quality Control 10816:in 1987, and was withdrawn in 1997. 10657:"CP932.TXT: cp932 to Unicode table" 9583:Investigation into sources of kanji 7416:") are there on the basis of their 1017: 361:. It was originally established as 13: 12985:Norwegian and Danish (alternative) 11009:Chang, Hyeshik (31 October 2021). 10616:"Why Japan didn't create the iPod" 9800: 9757:). For large-scale archives (e.g. 9518: 9213:Newly added box-drawing characters 9145: 8616:Bitwise self-synchronizing? 8613:Bytewise self-synchronizing? 8338:. The authoritative definition of 6866:; they were not given independent 6236:kana mata wa kanji ni junjiru mono 6051: 2116:This set includes a subset of the 547: 38:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 13692: 11555: 11507:JIS漢字案 (1976) とJIS C 6226-1978の異同 11212:] (accessed 29 January 2007). 11187:] (accessed 29 January 2007). 10947: 10900: 10880: 10797:Jungshik Shin (14 October 2011). 10754:Unicode, Inc. (14 October 2011). 9487:"). This was a disunification of 9431: 9138:. The standard itself was set in 9083: 8266:control character designates the 8239:) are assigned to the CL region. 7774:, and they did not make sense as 7633:Unidentifiable 7573:Classification 7104:行政情報処理用標準漢字選定のための漢字の使用頻度および対応分析結果 6201:such as the "ideographic space" ( 6078:International Reference Version ( 5652: 1028: 13642: 13641: 11564:that the IPSJ/ITSCJ supervises. 11543:]. Tokyo: Kyōritsu Shuppan ( 11527:] & Motoko Yasuoka [ 11485:Systems, Control and Information 11460:Systems, Control and Information 11121:], 1978. The Kanji JIS [ 10977:「1万字を越える水準の文字集合の検討としては、大きな問題がある」 10213:Unicode, JIS and Apple: U+2212. 10075:However, for the most part, row 9968:, at row 1 cell 26) as a kanji ( 9632: 8306:and the supplemental kanji from 7314:reading; readings are sorted in 7262:) and one meaning "to glitter" ( 7096:Administrative Management Agency 6295:, for a total of 147 characters. 6224:things that follow kana or kanji 5852:, where it is natively known as 4747:JIS X 0208 (prefixed with 0x28) 4260:JIS X 0208 (prefixed with 0x27) 3804:JIS X 0208 (prefixed with 0x26) 3230:JIS X 0208 (prefixed with 0x25) 2669:JIS X 0208 (prefixed with 0x24) 2175:JIS X 0208 (prefixed with 0x23) 1664:JIS X 0208 (prefixed with 0x22) 1085:JIS X 0208 (prefixed with 0x21) 1048:Unicode mapping of the wave dash 23: 13429:Digital encoding of APL symbols 13364:Comparison of Unicode encodings 11882:Proposed but not approved 11430:JIS X 0212 (情報交換用漢字符号―補助漢字) の制定 11021: 10983: 10961: 10941: 10914: 10894: 10874: 10819: 10805: 10762: 10747: 10655:Steele, Shawn (15 April 1998). 10589: 10579: 10550: 10499: 10490: 10481: 10472: 10463: 10416: 10403: 10386: 10234: 10205: 10202:Unicode, JIS and Apple: U+2016. 10191:Unicode, JIS and Apple: U+301C. 9754: 9604:Inclusion of de facto standards 9279:Modification of character forms 9060: 9051: 9042: 9033: 9023: 9014: 9005: 8992: 8969: 8956: 8947: 8938: 8908: 8895: 8838:Isolated bytes can be non-ASCII 8682:Isolated bytes can be non-ASCII 7888:code point is clearly defined. 7506:Whether on level 1 or level 2, 7149:Nihon Seimei Shūyō Jinmei Kanji 7083:Gyōsei Jōhō Shoriyō Kihon Kanji 7052:Hyōjun Kōdo-yō Kanjihyō (Shian) 6763: 6167:, including characters such as 10756:"JIS X 0208 (1990) to Unicode" 10626: 10608: 10200:Microsoft and WHATWG: U+2225. 10194: 10189:Microsoft and WHATWG: U+FF5E. 10183: 10172: 10135: 10128: 9562:Definition of encoding methods 9462:Japanese Standards Association 9253:Additions to the level 2 kanji 9203:Addition of special characters 9110:, established by the Japanese 8384:JIS X 0208 may be used within 8073: 8055: 7971:and the "unification criteria" 7318:order. As a general rule, the 7297: 5916: 5908: 5890: 5882: 5860: 5853: 5813:. For example, the character " 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 586: 576: 571: 462: 377:Scope of use and compatibility 1: 11518:] research seminar. 3–51. 11100: 11017:. Python Software Foundation. 10576:at row 78 cell 63 on level 2. 9983: 9934: 9910: 9740:Japanese mobile phone culture 9709:, released in November 2006. 9623: 9310:) and row 38 cell 34 (78JIS: 8497:Halfwidth and fullwidth forms 8468:ESC 2/6 4/0 ESC 2/4 2/11 4/2 8465:ESC 2/6 4/0 ESC 2/4 2/10 4/2 7866:, not the same term used for 7845:Unification of kanji variants 7215:are described further below. 7006:ヲァィゥェォャュョッーアイウエオ......ラリルレロワン 6722:(no corresponding character) 6717:(no corresponding character) 6068:Universal Coded Character Set 5640: 4233:This row contains the modern 3786:row 6 of GB 2312 and GB 12345 2138:Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms 1059:Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms 10123: 9772:), and mobile phones assign 9118:for short. Entrusted by the 8462:ESC 2/6 4/0 ESC 2/4 2/9 4/2 8345:RFC 1468-coded character set 7472:") are just two examples of 7192:Japan Geographic Data Center 6813:(i.e. 3-33) in JIS X 0208). 6649:RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK 6588:RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK 6117: 5725:Code points and code numbers 3777:, without diacritics or the 566: 561: 556: 467: 336:Japanese Industrial Standard 150:JIS X 0208:1978 through 1997 7: 13601:Character encodings in HTML 12935:National Replacement (NRCS) 12902:Japanese language in EBCDIC 11033: 10847:"15. History of JIS X 0208" 10524: 10507: 10443: 10424: 10366: 10351: 10334: 10317: 10301: 10286: 10032: 9893:Relation to other standards 9809:and not a strictly defined 9537: 9532:7ビット及び8ビットの2バイト情報交換用符号化漢字集合 9450: 9165:Jōhō Kōkan'yō Kanji Fugōkei 9164: 9103:Jōhō Kōkan'yō Kanji Fugōkei 9102: 8592:0x00–7F always ASCII? 8358: 8332: 8203: 8173: 8157: 8141: 7981: 7963: 7944: 7927: 7906: 7862: 7808: 7790: 7204: 7178: 7148: 7125: 7109: 7082: 7051: 6978: 6958: 6941: 6924: 6850: 6826: 6638:LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK 6577:LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK 6491: 6460: 6441: 6277: 6258: 6235: 6195: 6159: 6140: 6122: 6100: 5979: 5944: 5924: 5898: 5803: 5765: 5744: 5702: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5097: 4745: 4258: 3802: 3228: 3203:This row contains Japanese 2667: 2646:This row contains Japanese 2173: 1662: 1083: 581: 486: 453: 437: 394: 355: 350:7ビット及び8ビットの2バイト情報交換用符号化漢字集合 10: 13697: 11562:The International Register 10042:. JIS X 0213 also defines 9142:'s Ishii Mincho typeface. 9074: 8735: 8645:Sequences can be non-ASCII 8494: 7992:apply to that code point. 7884:glyphs are unified into a 7552: 7549:Kanji from unknown sources 7205:Kokudo Gyōsei Kukaku Sōran 6055: 5876:are respectively known as 5644: 5079:Encoding Standard used by 5051: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4529: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4009: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2490: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2338: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2050: 2048: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1795: 272:Other ISO 2022 CJK DBCSes: 13639: 13588: 13543: 13411: 13372: 13290: 13025: 12915: 12891: 12773: 12655: 12339: 12178: 12150: 11984: 11926: 11783: 11656: 11539: 11529: 11523: 11514: 11506: 11498: 11489: 11479: 11473: 11464: 11454: 11448: 11439: 11429: 11423: 11414: 11404: 11398: 11393:], 43 (12): 1362–1367 11389: 11377: 11369: 11352: 11342: 11333: 11323: 11317: 11308: 11298: 11292: 11283: 11273: 11267: 11258: 11248: 11242: 11233: 11223: 11217: 11208: 11192: 11183: 11167: 11158: 11148: 11142: 11133: 11123: 11117: 11115:Nishimura, Hirohiko [ 11039:JIS coded character sets 10976: 10970: 10935: 10903:"Appendix Q § 78-vs-83-2" 10883:"Appendix Q § 78-vs-83-3" 10566: 10558: 10531: 10514: 10450: 10431: 10373: 10358: 10341: 10324: 10308: 10293: 10096:ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode 10068: 10062: 10052: 10026: 9970: 9898:ISO/IEC 646 IRV and ASCII 9717:(released in 2001). Many 9531: 9501: 9493: 9481: 9473: 9444: 9413: 9407: 9401: 9395: 9389: 9383: 9377: 9371: 9365: 9355: 9349: 9343: 9333: 9327: 9318: 9312: 9306: 9300: 9270: 9262: 9244: 9236: 9187:, the enforcement of the 9158: 9096: 8352: 8326: 8319:Shift-coded character set 8197: 8167: 8151: 8135: 8121: 8113: 8105: 8097: 8067: 8061: 8047: 8035: 8029: 8021: 8009: 7997: 7975: 7957: 7938: 7919: 7910:, lit. "character body";) 7898: 7856: 7802: 7782: 7747: 7732: 7717: 7702: 7687: 7672: 7657: 7642: 7627: 7612: 7597: 7582: 7536: 7528: 7520: 7512: 7446: 7422: 7390: 7366: 7280: 7272: 7264: 7256: 7198: 7172: 7142: 7119: 7103: 7076: 7045: 7015: 7005: 6987: 6967: 6950: 6933: 6844: 6820: 6809:("A") in ISO 646 becomes 6721: 6716: 6676: 6673: 6670: 6667: 6664: 6617: 6614: 6609: 6606: 6603: 6556: 6553: 6548: 6545: 6542: 6509: 6506: 6454: 6435: 6382: 6368: 6360: 6271: 6252: 6229: 6189: 6153: 6134: 6108: 6094: 6023: 6015: 6007: 5973: 5936: 5815: 5797: 5781: 5757: 5736: 5696: 5685:– although not the 5075:(which is matched by the 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2006: 1997: 1341: 1332: 592: 591: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 447: 431: 404:variant characters (異体字, 388: 349: 296: 259:Other related encoding(s) 258: 248: 238: 205: 180: 154: 146: 96: 88: 13631:Variable-length encoding 13412:Miscellaneous code pages 12170:Extended Unix Code / EUC 11861:-15 (New Western Europe) 11657:Early telecommunications 11493:], 45 (12): 687–694. 11418:], 21 (10): 753–761. 11378:漢字・日本語処理技術の発展: 漢字コードの標準化 11149:JIS C 6226 情報交換用漢字符号系の改正 10460:are not part of level 1. 10114:Basic Multilingual Plane 9705:has been included since 9451:Jōhō Kōkan'yō Kanji Fugō 8916:state (computer science) 8459:ESC 2/6 4/0 ESC 2/4 4/2 8249:8-bit encoding for kanji 8243:7-bit encoding for kanji 7760:were not to be found in 7029: 6498:of the four characters. 488:JIS X 0208 (lead bytes) 13558:C0 and C1 control codes 11468:], 45 (9): 528–535. 11435:Standardization Journal 11304:Standardization Journal 11279:Standardization Journal 11254:Standardization Journal 11229:Standardization Journal 11154:Standardization Journal 11129:Standardization Journal 10178:JIS and Apple: U+2014. 9759:bibliographic databases 9676:Hyōgai Kanji Glyph List 8810:Over 16-bit words only. 8739:formats for comparison 6727: 6693: 6682: 6656: 6645: 6634: 6623: 6595: 6584: 6573: 6562: 6428:The 2965 characters of 6335:), 5 semi-voiced kana ( 5721:single decimal number. 5681:, as well as the plain 2130:western Arabic numerals 383:information interchange 263:Associated supplements: 53:more precise citations. 11806:-3 (Maltese/Esperanto) 11757:World System Teletext 11346:] (editor), 2002. 11190:Ogata, Katsuhiro [ 11165:Ogata, Katsuhiro [ 11011:"Readme for CJKCodecs" 10012: 9962: 9858:(both Shift_JIS based) 9218:box-drawing characters 9136:box-drawing characters 9088:The first standard is 8901:i.e. does not require 8648:No (encoding possible) 8359:RFC 1468 Fugōka Hyōgen 8198:過去の規格との互換性を維持するための包摂規準 6910:in JIS X 0208, unlike 6416:Box-drawing characters 6220:dakuten and handakuten 5968:unassigned code points 5962:Unassigned code points 5673:Almost all JIS X 0208 5657:In order to represent 5634: 5158: 5053: 4806: 4732: 4319: 4222: 3863: 3762: 3289: 3192: 2728: 2635: 2234: 2132:and both cases of the 2105: 1723: 1648: 1144: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 614: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 13671:Encodings of Japanese 13580:Whitespace characters 13257:Ventura International 11521:Yasuoka, Kōichi [ 11496:Yasuoka, Kōichi [ 11471:Yasuoka, Kōichi [ 11446:Yasuoka, Kōichi [ 11443:], 20 (11): 6–11. 11337:], 54 (8): 44–50. 11140:Nomura, Masaaki [ 9991: 9850:: various, including 8704:"UJIS" (Unixized JIS) 8530:full-width characters 8495:Further information: 8333:Shifuto Fugōka Hyōgen 8254:C1 control characters 8229:C0 control characters 7816:, among other names. 6898:Hiragana and katakana 6507:ISO/IEC 646:1991 IRV 6479::1991 (equivalent to 6287:, which includes the 12975:Norwegian and Danish 11480:日本における最新文字コード事情 (後編) 11455:日本における最新文字コード事情 (前編) 11287:], 27 (7): 5–11. 11262:], 27 (3): 8–12. 11237:], 34 (4): 8–12. 11215:Satō, Takayuki [ 10856:, IBM, p. 371, 10383:are different ideas. 9523:The fourth standard 9150:The second standard 8884:Usually, in practice 8541:problem affects the 8274:) to the GL region. 7278:) and "millimeter" ( 6894:) at row 2 cell 82. 6400:) for a total of 48. 6266:mathematical symbols 6222:; 10 characters for 6204:), and the Japanese 6101:Nihongo tsūyō meishō 6036:variants, including 2134:Basic Latin alphabet 13535:Unified Hangul Code 13207:PostScript Standard 12930:Multinational (MCS) 11801:-2 (Central Europe) 11796:-1 (Western Europe) 11650:Character encodings 11421:Uchida, Tomio [ 11396:Tajima, Kazuo [ 11367:Shibano, Kōji [ 11340:Shibano, Kōji [ 11315:Shibano, Kōji [ 11312:], 30 (3): 3–7. 11290:Shibano, Kōji [ 11265:Shibano, Kōji [ 11240:Shibano, Kōji [ 11202:permanent dead link 11177:permanent dead link 11162:], 14 (3): 4–9. 10990:Marukawa, Kazushi. 10933:Original Japanese: 10640:on 17 January 2007. 10603:Reference footnotes 10231:Added in JIS X 0213 10211:Microsoft: U+FF0D. 9818:Apple Computer Inc. 9699:desktop environment 9436:The third standard 9230:Code points for 22 9128:Moriguchi Shigeichi 9080:standard is valid. 8401: 8396:" (0x1B, or 1/11). 8214:Character encodings 7561: 7487:reading. Where the 7331:reading or have an 6503: 6496:Microsoft's mapping 6331:), 20 voiced kana ( 6084:alternative mapping 5100: 4748: 4261: 4250:row 12 of KS X 1001 3805: 3231: 2670: 2176: 1665: 1086: 489: 85: 13616:Hardware code page 13376:typesetting system 13212:PostScript Latin 1 12868:Cyrillic + Finnish 12775:Windows code pages 12657:IBM AIX code pages 11985:National standards 11916:Ukrainian Cyrillic 11090:Extended shinjitai 10950:"Appendix Q § TJ2" 10770:van Kesteren, Anne 10013: 9811:character encoding 9746:and accessing the 9693:, the predominant 9617:de facto standards 9296:extended shinjitai 9048:By Microsoft only. 8595:Superset of 8-bit 8399: 8288:(the Roman set of 8163:, and "equivalent" 7559: 7286:). Of the current 7219:Level partitioning 7126:Taiō Bunseki Kekka 6880:spacing characters 6501: 6184:descriptor symbols 6179:Special characters 5098: 4746: 4259: 3803: 3798:row 5 of KS X 1001 3229: 2668: 2174: 2161:row 3 of KS X 1001 1663: 1084: 487: 188:ARIB STD B24 Kanji 83: 13653: 13652: 13606:Charset detection 13545:Control character 13227:Sharp calculators 13098:Casio calculators 13026:Platform specific 12878:Cyrillic + German 12873:Cyrillic + French 12291:Maltese/Esperanto 11927:Bibliographic use 11811:-4 (North Europe) 11743:T.51/ISO/IEC 6937 11701:Baudot and Murray 10778:Encoding Standard 10699:(21 March 2019). 10636:announced by the 9868:(Shift_JIS based) 9824:(Shift_JIS based) 9691:Microsoft Windows 9665: 9664: 9588:Kangxi Dictionary 9428:on 1 March 1987. 9288:Kangxi Dictionary 8930:ISO-2022-JP is a 8891: 8890: 8725:Usually available 8554:IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE 8472: 8471: 8451:ESC 2/4 2/11 4/2 8448:ESC 2/4 2/10 4/2 8434:ESC 2/4 2/11 4/0 8431:ESC 2/4 2/10 4/0 8003:) is composed of 7826:Sasahara Hiroyuki 7757: 7756: 7420:readings. 16-09 ( 7349:(rather than the 6860:encircled numbers 6787:ASCII / IRV tilde 6735: 6734: 6215:diacritical marks 6013:) in the middle ( 5748:, lit. "section") 5687:ideographic space 5679:control character 5675:graphic character 5669:Single byte codes 5638: 5637: 5057: 5056: 4736: 4735: 4254:row 5 of KPS 9566 4226: 4225: 3790:row 6 of KPS 9566 3766: 3765: 3196: 3195: 2639: 2638: 2157:row 3 of KPS 9566 2109: 2108: 1652: 1651: 1026: 1025: 340:Japanese language 325: 324: 79: 78: 71: 13688: 13645: 13644: 13137:DG International 13012:Special Graphics 12813:Extended Latin-8 12211:Central European 12201:Barents Cyrillic 11906:Barents Cyrillic 11876:-12 (Devanagari) 11872:Abandoned parts 11643: 11636: 11629: 11620: 11619: 11612: 11604: 11595: 11586: 11542: 11541: 11532: 11531: 11526: 11525: 11517: 11516: 11509: 11508: 11501: 11500: 11492: 11491: 11482: 11481: 11476: 11475: 11467: 11466: 11457: 11456: 11451: 11450: 11442: 11441: 11432: 11431: 11426: 11425: 11417: 11416: 11407: 11406: 11401: 11400: 11392: 11391: 11380: 11379: 11372: 11371: 11355: 11354: 11345: 11344: 11336: 11335: 11326: 11325: 11320: 11319: 11311: 11310: 11301: 11300: 11295: 11294: 11286: 11285: 11276: 11275: 11270: 11269: 11261: 11260: 11251: 11250: 11245: 11244: 11236: 11235: 11226: 11225: 11220: 11219: 11211: 11210: 11203: 11195: 11194: 11186: 11185: 11178: 11170: 11169: 11161: 11160: 11151: 11150: 11145: 11144: 11137:], 171: 3–8. 11136: 11135: 11126: 11125: 11120: 11119: 11028: 11025: 11019: 11018: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10994:. Archived from 10987: 10981: 10979: 10978: 10973: 10972: 10965: 10959: 10957: 10945: 10939: 10938: 10937: 10931: 10922: 10918: 10912: 10910: 10898: 10892: 10890: 10878: 10872: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10862: 10851: 10843: 10830: 10823: 10817: 10809: 10803: 10802: 10794: 10785: 10784: 10766: 10760: 10759: 10751: 10745: 10744: 10738: 10724: 10713: 10712: 10693: 10680: 10678: 10671: 10662: 10660: 10652: 10641: 10630: 10624: 10623: 10612: 10596: 10593: 10587: 10583: 10577: 10571: 10570: 10563: 10562: 10554: 10548: 10538: 10536: 10535: 10527: 10521: 10519: 10518: 10510: 10503: 10497: 10494: 10488: 10485: 10479: 10476: 10470: 10467: 10461: 10458:Shisui, Kumamoto 10455: 10453: 10452: 10446: 10436: 10434: 10433: 10427: 10420: 10414: 10407: 10401: 10394:scientific names 10390: 10384: 10378: 10376: 10375: 10369: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10354: 10348: 10346: 10345: 10337: 10331: 10329: 10328: 10320: 10313: 10311: 10310: 10304: 10298: 10296: 10295: 10289: 10282: 10276: 10268: 10245: 10238: 10232: 10229: 10216: 10209: 10203: 10198: 10192: 10187: 10181: 10176: 10170: 10163: 10150: 10143:Greek diacritics 10139: 10071: 10070: 10065: 10064: 10055: 10054: 10037: 10035: 10029: 10028: 9975: 9974: 9967: 9695:operating system 9660: 9657: 9651: 9644:factual accuracy 9636: 9635: 9628: 9542: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9506: 9505: 9498: 9497: 9486: 9485: 9478: 9477: 9455: 9453: 9447: 9446: 9416: 9415: 9411:) and "winter" ( 9410: 9409: 9404: 9403: 9398: 9397: 9392: 9391: 9386: 9385: 9380: 9379: 9374: 9373: 9368: 9367: 9358: 9357: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9345: 9336: 9335: 9330: 9329: 9321: 9320: 9315: 9314: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9302: 9275: 9274: 9267: 9266: 9249: 9248: 9241: 9240: 9171: 9170: 9167: 9161: 9160: 9109: 9108: 9105: 9099: 9098: 9068: 9064: 9058: 9055: 9049: 9046: 9040: 9037: 9031: 9027: 9021: 9018: 9012: 9009: 9003: 8996: 8990: 8986: 8977: 8973: 8967: 8960: 8954: 8951: 8945: 8942: 8936: 8928: 8919: 8912: 8906: 8899: 8609: 8600: 8582:Stateless? 8564: 8563: 8549:, and so forth. 8486: 8482: 8478: 8445:ESC 2/4 2/9 4/2 8428:ESC 2/4 2/9 4/0 8402: 8398: 8390:escape sequences 8363: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8337: 8335: 8329: 8328: 8208: 8206: 8200: 8199: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8170: 8169: 8162: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8146: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8126: 8125: 8118: 8117: 8110: 8109: 8102: 8101: 8076: 8075: 8070: 8069: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8057: 8052: 8051: 8040: 8039: 8032: 8031: 8026: 8025: 8012: 8011: 8002: 8001: 7986: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7970: 7969: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7949: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7932: 7930: 7924: 7923: 7911: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7875: 7865: 7859: 7858: 7839:Jōyō kanji jiten 7815: 7814: 7811: 7805: 7804: 7798:or "ghost kanji" 7797: 7796: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7771:Dai Kan-Wa jiten 7750: 7749: 7735: 7734: 7720: 7719: 7705: 7704: 7690: 7689: 7675: 7674: 7660: 7659: 7645: 7644: 7630: 7629: 7615: 7614: 7600: 7599: 7585: 7584: 7562: 7558: 7555:Ghost characters 7541: 7540: 7533: 7532: 7525: 7524: 7517: 7516: 7451: 7450: 7427: 7426: 7395: 7394: 7371: 7370: 7355:) form is used. 7285: 7284: 7277: 7276: 7269: 7268: 7261: 7260: 7209: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7185: 7184: 7181: 7175: 7174: 7155: 7154: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7130: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7114: 7112: 7106: 7105: 7094:Selected by the 7089: 7088: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7056: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7018: 7017: 7008: 7007: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6983: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6963: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6946: 6938: 6936: 6935: 6929: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6833: 6832: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6812: 6808: 6795: 6779: 6770: 6767: 6761: 6758: 6749: 6746: 6504: 6500: 6465: 6463: 6457: 6456: 6446: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6410:Russian alphabet 6404:Cyrillic letters 6387: 6386: 6373: 6372: 6365: 6364: 6282: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6263: 6261: 6255: 6254: 6240: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6200: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6175:, and so forth. 6166: 6165: 6162: 6156: 6155: 6145: 6143: 6137: 6136: 6113: 6112: 6105: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6028: 6027: 6020: 6019: 6012: 6011: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5949: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5913: 5912: 5901: 5895: 5894: 5887: 5886: 5862: 5857: 5836: 5820: 5819: 5808: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5770: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5749: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5707: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5101: 4749: 4262: 4246:row 7 of GB 2312 4235:Russian alphabet 3806: 3232: 3212:row 5 of GB 2312 2671: 2655:row 4 of GB 2312 2177: 2011: 2010: 2002: 2001: 1666: 1346: 1345: 1337: 1336: 1151: 1087: 1022: 554: 490: 484:'s kanji index. 458: 456: 450: 449: 442: 440: 434: 433: 399: 397: 391: 390: 360: 358: 352: 351: 317: 310: 303: 269: 206:Encoding formats 86: 82: 74: 67: 63: 60: 54: 49:this article by 40:inline citations 27: 26: 19: 13696: 13695: 13691: 13690: 13689: 13687: 13686: 13685: 13656: 13655: 13654: 13649: 13635: 13611:Han unification 13584: 13539: 13407: 13368: 13286: 13108:Compucolor 8001 13021: 13017:Technical (TCS) 12940:French Canadian 12911: 12887: 12883:Polytonic Greek 12769: 12651: 12335: 12321:Turkic Cyrillic 12236:Font X (Kermit) 12231:Farsi (Persian) 12183: 12174: 12146: 11980: 11922: 11792:Approved parts 11779: 11652: 11647: 11610: 11602: 11593: 11584: 11558: 11540:文字符号の歴史: 欧米と日本編 11103: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11022: 11007: 11003: 10998:on 22 May 2005. 10988: 10984: 10966: 10962: 10946: 10942: 10932: 10925: 10919: 10915: 10899: 10895: 10879: 10875: 10866: 10864: 10860: 10849: 10845: 10844: 10833: 10824: 10820: 10810: 10806: 10801:. Unicode, Inc. 10795: 10788: 10774:"Index jis0208" 10767: 10763: 10752: 10748: 10736: 10725: 10716: 10694: 10683: 10673: 10672: 10665: 10653: 10644: 10631: 10627: 10614: 10613: 10609: 10605: 10600: 10599: 10594: 10590: 10584: 10580: 10555: 10551: 10528: 10511: 10504: 10500: 10495: 10491: 10486: 10482: 10477: 10473: 10468: 10464: 10447: 10428: 10421: 10417: 10408: 10404: 10391: 10387: 10370: 10355: 10338: 10321: 10305: 10290: 10283: 10279: 10269: 10248: 10239: 10235: 10230: 10219: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10206: 10201: 10199: 10195: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10179: 10177: 10173: 10164: 10153: 10140: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10102:Han unification 10098: 10023: 9986: 9951:Han unification 9937: 9913: 9900: 9895: 9803: 9801:Implementations 9790:surrogate pairs 9678:and with newer 9661: 9655: 9652: 9649: 9641:This section's 9637: 9633: 9626: 9592:Dai Kanwa Jiten 9528: 9525:JIS X 0208:1997 9521: 9519:Fourth standard 9441: 9438:JIS X 0208-1990 9434: 9426:JIS X 0208-1983 9168: 9155: 9152:JIS C 6226-1983 9148: 9146:Second standard 9140:Shaken Co., Ltd 9106: 9093: 9090:JIS C 6226-1978 9086: 9077: 9072: 9071: 9065: 9061: 9056: 9052: 9047: 9043: 9038: 9034: 9028: 9024: 9019: 9015: 9010: 9006: 8997: 8993: 8987: 8980: 8974: 8970: 8961: 8957: 8952: 8948: 8943: 8939: 8929: 8922: 8913: 8909: 8900: 8896: 8605: 8596: 8562: 8547:quotation marks 8503: 8493: 8484: 8480: 8476: 8382: 8349: 8323: 8221: 8216: 8194: 8191: 8177: 8164: 8148: 8132: 7972: 7967: 7954: 7935: 7916: 7895: 7853: 7847: 7812: 7799: 7794: 7779: 7766:Kadokawa Shoten 7753:Source unclear 7738:Source unclear 7723:Source unclear 7708:Source unclear 7693:Source unclear 7678:Source unclear 7663:Source unclear 7648:Source unclear 7618:Source unclear 7557: 7551: 7497:primary radical 7300: 7221: 7195: 7182: 7169: 7152: 7139: 7116: 7100: 7086: 7073: 7042: 7032: 7024:half-width kana 6984: 6964: 6947: 6930: 6900: 6854: 6841: 6830: 6817: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6798: 6780: 6773: 6768: 6764: 6759: 6752: 6747: 6740: 6611: 6557:QUOTATION MARK 6550: 6473: 6451: 6442:dai ichi suijun 6432: 6268: 6249: 6247:bracket symbols 6226: 6186: 6163: 6150: 6131: 6125: 6120: 6091: 6060: 6054: 6052:Character names 5983: 5970: 5964: 5933: 5834: 5794: 5778: 5769:, lit. "point") 5754: 5733: 5727: 5703:bitto kumiawase 5693: 5691:bit combination 5671: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5062: 4741: 4239:Cyrillic script 4231: 3771: 3201: 2644: 2114: 1657: 1147: 1036: 1031: 1018: 548: 470: 465: 444: 428: 385: 379: 346: 334:specified as a 321: 292: 270: 265: 234: 201: 176: 142: 126:Partial support 124: 123: 75: 64: 58: 55: 45:Please help to 44: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13694: 13684: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13666:Character sets 13651: 13650: 13647:Character sets 13640: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13592: 13590: 13589:Related topics 13586: 13585: 13583: 13582: 13577: 13572: 13571: 13570: 13565: 13555: 13553:Morse prosigns 13549: 13547: 13541: 13540: 13538: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13505: 13504: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13472: 13471: 13466: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13437: 13436: 13426: 13421: 13415: 13413: 13409: 13408: 13406: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13379: 13377: 13370: 13369: 13367: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13300: 13298: 13288: 13287: 13285: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13249: 13247:TI calculators 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13029: 13027: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12988: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12955:United Kingdom 12952: 12947: 12942: 12932: 12926: 12924: 12913: 12912: 12910: 12909: 12904: 12898: 12896: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12790: 12785: 12779: 12777: 12771: 12770: 12768: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12661: 12659: 12653: 12652: 12650: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12343: 12341: 12340:DOS code pages 12337: 12336: 12334: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12286:Latin (Kermit) 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12187: 12185: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12156: 12154: 12148: 12147: 12145: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11988: 11986: 11982: 11981: 11979: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11947: 11946: 11941: 11930: 11928: 11924: 11923: 11921: 11920: 11919: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11895: 11894: 11893: 11888: 11886:KOI-8 Cyrillic 11880: 11879: 11878: 11870: 11869: 11868: 11866:-16 (Romanian) 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11789: 11787: 11781: 11780: 11778: 11777: 11772: 11771: 11770: 11769: 11768: 11763: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11727: 11722: 11721: 11720: 11710: 11705: 11704: 11703: 11698: 11697: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11671: 11664:Telegraph code 11660: 11658: 11654: 11653: 11646: 11645: 11638: 11631: 11623: 11617: 11616: 11608: 11600: 11591: 11582: 11581: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11557: 11556:External links 11554: 11553: 11552: 11519: 11494: 11469: 11444: 11419: 11394: 11365: 11338: 11313: 11288: 11263: 11238: 11213: 11196:], 2006b. 11188: 11171:], 2006a. 11163: 11138: 11108:Japanese names 11102: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11086: 11085: 11075: 11069: 11063: 11056: 11053: 11046: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11029: 11020: 11001: 10982: 10960: 10940: 10923: 10913: 10893: 10873: 10831: 10827:character sets 10818: 10804: 10786: 10761: 10746: 10714: 10681: 10663: 10642: 10625: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10598: 10597: 10588: 10578: 10574:"gold" radical 10549: 10498: 10489: 10480: 10471: 10462: 10415: 10402: 10400:for organisms. 10385: 10277: 10246: 10233: 10217: 10204: 10193: 10182: 10171: 10151: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10097: 10094: 10044:Shift_JISx0213 9985: 9982: 9936: 9933: 9912: 9909: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9879: 9878: 9869: 9859: 9845: 9844:(EBCDIC based) 9835: 9834:(EBCDIC based) 9832:JEF kanji code 9825: 9802: 9799: 9798: 9797: 9793: 9766: 9751: 9748:World Wide Web 9680:jinmeiyō kanji 9672:extended kanji 9663: 9662: 9640: 9638: 9631: 9625: 9622: 9621: 9620: 9605: 9602: 9598: 9595: 9584: 9581: 9577: 9574: 9570: 9567: 9563: 9520: 9517: 9509:jinmeiyō kanji 9433: 9432:Third standard 9430: 9284: 9283: 9280: 9277: 9254: 9251: 9228: 9221: 9214: 9211: 9204: 9189:jinmeiyō kanji 9147: 9144: 9085: 9084:First standard 9082: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9069: 9059: 9050: 9041: 9032: 9022: 9013: 9004: 8991: 8978: 8968: 8955: 8946: 8937: 8920: 8907: 8893: 8892: 8889: 8888: 8885: 8882: 8879: 8876: 8873: 8870: 8867: 8864: 8861: 8858: 8852: 8851: 8848: 8845: 8842: 8839: 8836: 8833: 8830: 8827: 8824: 8821: 8815: 8814: 8811: 8808: 8805: 8802: 8799: 8796: 8793: 8790: 8787: 8784: 8778: 8777: 8774: 8771: 8768: 8765: 8762: 8759: 8756: 8753: 8750: 8747: 8741: 8740: 8733: 8732: 8729: 8726: 8723: 8720: 8717: 8714: 8711: 8708: 8705: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8692: 8689: 8686: 8683: 8680: 8677: 8674: 8671: 8668: 8665: 8659: 8658: 8655: 8652: 8649: 8646: 8643: 8640: 8637: 8634: 8631: 8630:" (JIS X 0202) 8624: 8618: 8617: 8614: 8611: 8602: 8593: 8590: 8583: 8580: 8574: 8571: 8570:Alternate name 8568: 8561: 8558: 8492: 8489: 8470: 8469: 8466: 8463: 8460: 8457: 8453: 8452: 8449: 8446: 8443: 8440: 8436: 8435: 8432: 8429: 8426: 8423: 8419: 8418: 8415: 8412: 8409: 8406: 8381: 8378: 8370: 8369: 8346: 8343: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8311: 8296: 8293: 8286:ISO/IEC 646:JP 8282: 8279: 8260: 8257: 8250: 8247: 8244: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8190: 8187: 8147:, "compatible" 7914:character form 7846: 7843: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7744: 7740: 7739: 7736: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7721: 7714: 7710: 7709: 7706: 7699: 7695: 7694: 7691: 7684: 7680: 7679: 7676: 7669: 7665: 7664: 7661: 7654: 7650: 7649: 7646: 7639: 7635: 7634: 7631: 7624: 7620: 7619: 7616: 7609: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7594: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7579: 7575: 7574: 7571: 7568: 7553:Main article: 7550: 7547: 7444:") and 16-23 ( 7388:") and 16-32 ( 7299: 7296: 7292:jinmeiyō kanji 7232:jinmeiyō kanji 7220: 7217: 7212: 7211: 7187: 7186: 7163: 7162: 7157: 7156: 7133: 7132: 7091: 7090: 7067: 7066: 7058: 7057: 7046:標準コード用漢字表 (試案) 7031: 7028: 6899: 6896: 6864:Roman numerals 6827:zenkaku eisūji 6797: 6796: 6771: 6762: 6750: 6737: 6736: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6723: 6719: 6718: 6715: 6712: 6709: 6706: 6703: 6699: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6684: 6681: 6678: 6675: 6672: 6669: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6644: 6640: 6639: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6613: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6594: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6579: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6568: 6567: 6564: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6552: 6547: 6544: 6540: 6539: 6536: 6533: 6528: 6525: 6522: 6519: 6516: 6512: 6511: 6508: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6467: 6426: 6421: 6418: 6413: 6406: 6401: 6394: 6389: 6345: 6340: 6317: 6312: 6309: 6304: 6301: 6296: 6278:gakujutsu kigō 6243:Iteration mark 6180: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6053: 6050: 5963: 5960: 5948:, lit. "face") 5726: 5723: 5670: 5667: 5654: 5653:Code structure 5651: 5649:on Wiktionary. 5642: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4008: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3775:Greek alphabet 3770: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2489: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2003: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1338: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1029:Non-Kanji rows 1027: 1024: 1023: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 957: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 872: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 787: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 702: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 617: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 546: 542: 541: 538: 535: 532: 529: 526: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 469: 466: 464: 461: 378: 375: 323: 322: 320: 319: 312: 305: 297: 294: 293: 291: 290: 285: 280: 274: 260: 256: 255: 250: 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 233: 232: 226: 216: 209: 207: 203: 202: 200: 199: 193: 190: 184: 182: 178: 177: 175: 174: 169: 164: 158: 156: 155:Classification 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 141: 140: 135: 129: 122: 121: 116: 111: 106: 100: 98: 94: 93: 90: 77: 76: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13693: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13676:JIS standards 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13663: 13661: 13648: 13638: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13593: 13591: 13587: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13550: 13548: 13546: 13542: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13510: 13506: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13488: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13461: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13435: 13432: 13431: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13416: 13414: 13410: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13371: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13297: 13296:ISO/IEC 10646 13293: 13289: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13113:Compucolor II 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13068:Acorn RISC OS 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13030: 13028: 13024: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12997:8-bit Turkish 12995: 12993: 12990: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12937: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12918: 12914: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12890: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12798: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12780: 12778: 12776: 12772: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12662: 12660: 12658: 12654: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12344: 12342: 12338: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12182: 12177: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12165:ISO/IEC 10367 12163: 12161: 12158: 12157: 12155: 12153: 12149: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11989: 11987: 11983: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11936: 11935: 11932: 11931: 11929: 11925: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11883: 11881: 11877: 11874: 11873: 11871: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11816:-5 (Cyrillic) 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11793: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11786: 11782: 11776: 11773: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11758: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11740: 11739: 11735: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11719: 11716: 11715: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11702: 11699: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11676: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11666: 11665: 11662: 11661: 11659: 11655: 11651: 11644: 11639: 11637: 11632: 11630: 11625: 11624: 11621: 11615: 11611:(in Japanese) 11609: 11607: 11603:(in Japanese) 11601: 11598: 11594:(in Japanese) 11592: 11589: 11585:(in Japanese) 11583: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11550: 11546: 11536: 11533:], 2006. 11520: 11515:東洋学へのコンピュータ利用 11511: 11495: 11486: 11470: 11461: 11445: 11436: 11420: 11411: 11395: 11386: 11385:IPSJ Magazine 11382: 11373:], 2002. 11366: 11363: 11362:4-542-20129-5 11359: 11349: 11339: 11330: 11314: 11305: 11289: 11280: 11264: 11255: 11239: 11230: 11214: 11205: 11204: 11198: 11189: 11180: 11179: 11173: 11164: 11155: 11139: 11130: 11114: 11113: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11096: 11095:Help:Japanese 11093: 11091: 11088: 11083: 11082:ISO/IEC 10646 11079: 11076: 11073: 11070: 11067: 11064: 11061: 11057: 11054: 11051: 11047: 11044: 11041: 11040: 11038: 11037: 11024: 11016: 11012: 11005: 10997: 10993: 10986: 10964: 10955: 10951: 10944: 10930: 10928: 10917: 10908: 10904: 10897: 10888: 10884: 10877: 10859: 10855: 10848: 10842: 10840: 10838: 10836: 10828: 10822: 10815: 10808: 10800: 10793: 10791: 10783: 10779: 10775: 10771: 10765: 10757: 10750: 10742: 10735: 10734: 10729: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10710: 10706: 10705:CJK Type Blog 10702: 10698: 10692: 10690: 10688: 10686: 10676: 10670: 10668: 10658: 10651: 10649: 10647: 10639: 10635: 10629: 10622:. 5 May 2008. 10621: 10617: 10611: 10607: 10592: 10582: 10575: 10569: 10561: 10553: 10546: 10542: 10534: 10526: 10517: 10509: 10502: 10493: 10484: 10475: 10466: 10459: 10445: 10440: 10426: 10419: 10412: 10406: 10399: 10395: 10389: 10382: 10368: 10353: 10344: 10336: 10327: 10319: 10303: 10288: 10281: 10274: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10253: 10251: 10243: 10237: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10208: 10197: 10186: 10175: 10168: 10162: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10148: 10144: 10138: 10134: 10121: 10117: 10115: 10111: 10107: 10106:ISO/IEC 10646 10103: 10093: 10090: 10086: 10082: 10078: 10073: 10059: 10056:", described 10047: 10045: 10041: 10034: 10019: 10017: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9993:Euler diagram 9990: 9981: 9977: 9973: 9966: 9965: 9959: 9954: 9952: 9948: 9943: 9941: 9932: 9930: 9926: 9920: 9918: 9908: 9906: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9877: 9873: 9870: 9867: 9863: 9860: 9857: 9853: 9849: 9846: 9843: 9839: 9836: 9833: 9829: 9826: 9823: 9819: 9816: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9808: 9807:character set 9794: 9791: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9767: 9764: 9760: 9756: 9752: 9749: 9745: 9741: 9736: 9735:mobile phones 9732: 9731: 9730: 9726: 9724: 9720: 9716: 9712: 9708: 9707:Windows Vista 9704: 9700: 9696: 9692: 9687: 9683: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9669: 9659: 9656:December 2021 9647: 9645: 9639: 9630: 9629: 9618: 9614: 9610: 9606: 9603: 9599: 9596: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9582: 9578: 9575: 9571: 9568: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9556: 9552: 9550: 9546: 9539: 9526: 9516: 9514: 9513:Heisei Mincho 9510: 9504: 9499:" and 63-70 " 9496: 9490: 9484: 9479:" and 84-06 " 9476: 9469: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9452: 9439: 9429: 9427: 9422: 9418: 9399:) and 80-49 ( 9360: 9338: 9323: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9281: 9278: 9273: 9265: 9259: 9255: 9252: 9247: 9239: 9233: 9229: 9226: 9222: 9219: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9205: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9186: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9166: 9153: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9131: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9113: 9104: 9091: 9081: 9063: 9054: 9045: 9036: 9026: 9017: 9008: 9001: 8995: 8985: 8983: 8972: 8965: 8959: 8950: 8941: 8933: 8927: 8925: 8917: 8911: 8905:transmission. 8904: 8898: 8894: 8886: 8883: 8880: 8877: 8874: 8871: 8868: 8865: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8853: 8849: 8846: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8812: 8809: 8806: 8803: 8800: 8797: 8794: 8791: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8779: 8775: 8772: 8769: 8766: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8754: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8727: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8709: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8693: 8690: 8687: 8684: 8681: 8678: 8675: 8672: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8656: 8653: 8650: 8647: 8644: 8641: 8638: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8615: 8612: 8608: 8603: 8599: 8594: 8591: 8588: 8584: 8581: 8578: 8575: 8572: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8557: 8555: 8550: 8548: 8544: 8539: 8533: 8531: 8526: 8524: 8518: 8514: 8512: 8508: 8502: 8498: 8488: 8467: 8464: 8461: 8458: 8455: 8454: 8450: 8447: 8444: 8441: 8438: 8437: 8433: 8430: 8427: 8424: 8421: 8420: 8416: 8413: 8410: 8407: 8404: 8403: 8397: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8377: 8375: 8367: 8360: 8353:RFC 1468符号化表現 8347: 8344: 8341: 8334: 8321: 8318: 8315: 8312: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8294: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8280: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8258: 8255: 8251: 8248: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8235:and matching 8234: 8230: 8224: 8211: 8205: 8186: 8182: 8175: 8159: 8143: 8131:"independent" 8128: 8124: 8116: 8108: 8100: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8083: 8078: 8050: 8044: 8038: 8024: 8018: 8017: 8006: 8000: 7993: 7991: 7983: 7982:hōsetsu kijun 7965: 7951: 7946: 7929: 7922: 7915: 7908: 7901: 7894: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7873: 7869: 7864: 7852: 7842: 7840: 7834: 7833:phone books. 7832: 7827: 7821: 7817: 7810: 7792: 7785: 7777: 7773: 7772: 7767: 7763: 7752: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7737: 7730: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7692: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7677: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7662: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7647: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7617: 7610: 7607: 7606: 7602: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7587: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7556: 7546: 7543: 7539: 7531: 7523: 7515: 7509: 7504: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7347: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7306: 7295: 7293: 7289: 7283: 7275: 7267: 7259: 7251: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7224: 7216: 7206: 7193: 7189: 7188: 7180: 7168: 7165: 7164: 7159: 7158: 7150: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7127: 7111: 7097: 7093: 7092: 7084: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7059: 7053: 7041: 7038: 7037: 7036: 7027: 7025: 7020: 7012: 7002: 6998: 6997: 6982: 6981: 6974: 6962: 6961: 6945: 6944: 6928: 6927: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6876: 6874: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6852: 6840: 6835: 6828: 6814: 6802: 6793: 6788: 6784: 6778: 6776: 6766: 6757: 6755: 6745: 6743: 6738: 6730: 6724: 6720: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6696: 6690: 6689: 6685: 6679: 6677:HYPHEN-MINUS 6663: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6627:ACUTE ACCENT 6626: 6620: 6602: 6599:DOUBLE PRIME 6598: 6592: 6591: 6587: 6581: 6580: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6559: 6541: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6505: 6499: 6497: 6493: 6488: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6462: 6461:dai ni suijun 6450: 6443: 6431: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6393: 6392:Greek letters 6390: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6371: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6307:Latin letters 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6294: 6290: 6289:currency sign 6286: 6279: 6267: 6260: 6248: 6244: 6237: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6185: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6169:Latin letters 6161: 6149: 6142: 6130: 6115: 6111: 6102: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6059: 6049: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6030: 6026: 6018: 6010: 6004: 5999: 5995: 5993: 5988: 5981: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5931: 5928:). The later 5926: 5919: 5911: 5905: 5900: 5893: 5885: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5868:), where the 5867: 5863: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5831: 5827: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5805: 5792: 5784: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5722: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5710:column number 5704: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5648: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5471: 5470: 5467: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5102: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5020: 5019: 4983: 4982: 4946: 4945: 4908: 4907: 4855: 4854: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4744: 4704: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4526: 4525: 4494: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4263: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4189: 4188: 4152: 4151: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4006: 4005: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3807: 3801: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3206: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2672: 2666: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2487: 2486: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2335: 2334: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2178: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2103: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2045: 2044: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2009: 2000: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1865: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1661: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1344: 1335: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1150: 1141: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1088: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1021: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 959: 958: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 874: 873: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 789: 788: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 704: 703: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 619: 618: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 552: 544: 543: 539: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 494: 492: 491: 485: 483: 479: 474: 460: 455: 443:and "support" 439: 426: 420: 418: 413: 409: 408: 401: 396: 384: 374: 372: 371:Code page 955 368: 367:Code page 952 364: 357: 345: 341: 337: 333: 332:character set 329: 318: 313: 311: 306: 304: 299: 298: 295: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 275: 273: 268: 264: 261: 257: 254: 251: 247: 244: 241: 237: 230: 227: 224: 220: 217: 214: 211: 210: 208: 204: 197: 194: 192:NEC PC98 DBCS 191: 189: 186: 185: 183: 179: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 159: 157: 153: 149: 145: 139: 136: 134: 131: 130: 127: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 101: 99: 95: 91: 87: 81: 73: 70: 62: 59:December 2017 52: 48: 42: 41: 35: 30: 21: 20: 13563:ISO/IEC 6429 13520:Stanford/ITS 13507: 13441:ARIB STD-B24 13222:Sega SC-3000 13123:DEC RADIX 50 12160:ISO/IEC 8859 12152:ISO/IEC 2022 12061: 11897:Adaptations 11856:-14 (Celtic) 11851:-13 (Baltic) 11841:-10 (Nordic) 11836:-9 (Turkish) 11785:ISO/IEC 8859 11549:4-32012102-3 11534: 11502:], 2006 11484: 11459: 11434: 11409: 11384: 11353:増補改訂 JIS漢字字典 11347: 11328: 11303: 11278: 11253: 11228: 11199: 11174: 11153: 11128: 11105: 11104: 11060:ISO/IEC 6429 11050:ISO/IEC 2022 11023: 11014: 11004: 10996:the original 10985: 10963: 10953: 10948:Lunde, Ken. 10943: 10916: 10906: 10901:Lunde, Ken. 10896: 10886: 10881:Lunde, Ken. 10876: 10865:, retrieved 10853: 10825:In the IANA 10821: 10807: 10777: 10764: 10749: 10732: 10704: 10659:. Microsoft. 10628: 10619: 10610: 10591: 10581: 10552: 10544: 10540: 10522:followed by 10501: 10492: 10483: 10474: 10465: 10418: 10405: 10398:common names 10388: 10280: 10236: 10207: 10196: 10185: 10174: 10137: 10118: 10099: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10074: 10048: 10020: 10014: 9978: 9958:closure mark 9955: 9944: 9938: 9921: 9914: 9901: 9880: 9838:Hitachi Ltd. 9804: 9777: 9763:Aozora Bunko 9727: 9688: 9684: 9666: 9653: 9642: 9557: 9553: 9549:Shibano Kōji 9544: 9524: 9522: 9488: 9470: 9466:Tajima Kazuo 9457: 9437: 9435: 9425: 9423: 9419: 9361: 9339: 9324: 9285: 9257: 9224: 9223:Swapping of 9182: 9178:Motooka Tōru 9173: 9151: 9149: 9132: 9115: 9089: 9087: 9078: 9062: 9053: 9044: 9035: 9025: 9016: 9007: 8994: 8971: 8958: 8949: 8940: 8910: 8897: 8878:No (encoded) 8841:No (encoded) 8804:No (encoded) 8767:No (encoded) 8722:No (encoded) 8551: 8534: 8527: 8519: 8515: 8504: 8473: 8442:ESC 2/4 4/2 8425:ESC 2/4 4/0 8383: 8371: 8364:. Resembles 8237:ISO/IEC 6429 8231:(defined in 8225: 8222: 8192: 8183: 8129: 8094: 8090: 8086: 8079: 8014: 7994: 7989: 7952: 7945:dezain no sa 7913: 7892: 7890: 7850: 7848: 7838: 7835: 7822: 7818: 7769: 7761: 7758: 7565: 7544: 7505: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7478: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7359: 7357: 7350: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7323: 7319: 7310: 7304: 7301: 7252: 7248: 7225: 7222: 7213: 7173:国土行政区画総覧使用漢字 7166: 7136: 7070: 7039: 7033: 7021: 7010: 7000: 6994: 6975: 6901: 6879: 6877: 6867: 6838: 6836: 6815: 6803: 6800: 6792:Windows-1252 6765: 6530: 6515:Column/Line 6489: 6485: 6474: 6448: 6429: 6375: 6354: 6350: 6326: 6320: 6285:unit symbols 6284: 6265: 6246: 6241:such as the 6230:仮名又は漢字に準じるもの 6223: 6213: 6196:kijutsu kigō 6183: 6147: 6128: 6126: 6089: 6063: 6061: 6031: 6000: 5996: 5989: 5967: 5965: 5903: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5859: 5847: 5837:. The 8-bit 5823: 5790: 5775: 5773: 5751: 5730: 5728: 5713: 5709: 5690: 5672: 5662: 5656: 5066: 5063: 4742: 4243: 4232: 3783: 3772: 3220:of KS X 1001 3209: 3202: 2663:of KS X 1001 2652: 2645: 2154: 2115: 1658: 1052: 1037: 475: 471: 424: 421: 405: 402: 382: 380: 370: 366: 362: 343: 330:is a 2-byte 327: 326: 271: 262: 249:Succeeded by 172:CJK encoding 125: 80: 65: 56: 37: 13282:ZX Spectrum 13237:Sinclair QL 13073:Amstrad CPC 12992:8-bit Greek 12919:terminals ( 12632:Iran System 12184:("scripts") 11831:-8 (Hebrew) 11821:-6 (Arabic) 11718:ISO/IEC 646 10956:. O'Reilly. 10909:. O'Reilly. 10889:. O'Reilly. 10147:final sigma 10129:Explanatory 10005:Windows-31J 9866:Windows-932 9822:MacJapanese 9770:Windows-932 9624:Successors 9615:had become 9613:ISO-2022-JP 9227:code points 9220:were added. 8976:characters. 8903:8-bit clean 8622:ISO-2022-JP 8366:ISO-2022-JP 8268:ISO/IEC 646 7964:reiji jitai 7882:allographic 7872:unification 7851:unification 7809:yūrei kanji 7298:Arrangement 7254:"to soar" ( 7244:prefectures 7077:行政情報処理用基本漢字 6697:MINUS SIGN 6618:APOSTROPHE 6510:JIS X 0208 6477:ISO/IEC 646 6293:postal mark 6141:kanji shūgō 6076:ISO/IEC 646 6042:MacJapanese 6038:Windows-932 6003:unification 5826:ISO-2022-JP 5804:kuten bangō 5718:hexadecimal 5714:line number 5659:code points 5089:MacJapanese 5073:Windows-932 3779:final sigma 3216:of KPS 9566 2659:of KPS 9566 2150:ISO 2022-JP 1079:ISO 2022-JP 463:Code charts 419:did exist. 417:NEC PC-9801 239:Preceded by 219:ISO-2022-JP 97:Language(s) 51:introducing 13660:Categories 13568:JIS X 0211 13476:ISO-IR-169 13329:UTF-EBCDIC 12895:code pages 12622:CSX+ Indic 12226:Devanagari 12181:Code pages 12102:LST 1590-4 12072:JIS X 0213 12067:JIS X 0212 12062:JIS X 0208 12057:JIS X 0201 12022:GOST 10859 11944:CCCII/EACC 11846:-11 (Thai) 11826:-7 (Greek) 11761:background 11684:Wabun/Kana 11490:システム/制御/情報 11465:システム/制御/情報 11274:JIS漢字の拡張計画 11101:References 11078:JIS X 0221 11072:JIS X 0213 11066:JIS X 0212 11043:JIS X 0201 10867:8 December 10814:JIS X 0207 10697:Lunde, Ken 10537:, "aroma") 10411:JIS X 4061 10242:Heisei era 10108:(UCS) and 10016:JIS X 0213 10001:JIS X 0213 9997:JIS X 0212 9984:JIS X 0213 9940:JIS X 0212 9935:JIS X 0212 9917:JIS X 0201 9911:JIS X 0201 9719:Unix-likes 9703:repertoire 9668:JIS X 0213 9185:jōyō kanji 9159:情報交換用漢字符号系 9097:情報交換用漢字符号系 9000:ISO-646-JP 8964:ISO-646-JP 8607:JIS X 0212 8598:JIS X 0201 8543:minus sign 8456:90 onward 8308:JIS X 0212 8304:JIS X 0201 8290:JIS X 0201 8233:JIS X 0211 8043:radical 12 7791:yūrei moji 7768:), nor in 7456:readings " 7400:readings " 7288:jōyō kanji 7240:JIS X 0402 7236:JIS X 0401 7228:tōyō kanji 7143:日本生命収容人名漢字 7131:for short. 6920:handakuten 6914:, include 6912:JIS X 0201 6884:diacritics 6839:composites 6731:WAVE DASH 6566:DIAERESIS 6521:Microsoft 6492:JIS X 0213 6374:) and the 6337:handakuten 6259:kakko kigō 6056:See also: 6048:standard. 6046:JIS X 0213 5980:aki ryōiki 5930:JIS X 0213 5641:Kanji rows 5093:JIS X 0213 3224:JIS X 0201 2165:of GB 2312 2126:JIS X 0201 1069:, such as 1067:JIS X 0201 1053:ASCII and 482:Wiktionary 395:jōhō kōkan 363:JIS C 6226 328:JIS X 0208 267:JIS X 0212 253:JIS X 0213 243:JIS X 0201 196:JIS X 0213 181:Extensions 92:JIS C 6226 84:JIS X 0208 34:references 13621:MICR code 13456:IEC-P27-1 13434:ISO-IR-68 13339:DIN 91379 13217:SAM Coupé 13152:GSM 03.38 13142:Galaksija 12637:Kamenický 12617:CSX Indic 12326:Ukrainian 12112:Shift JIS 12092:KS X 1002 12087:KS X 1001 12012:DIN 66003 12007:CNS 11643 11775:Transcode 11753:ITU T.101 11679:Non-Latin 10709:Adobe Inc 10543:precedes 10520:, "frog") 10167:Withdrawn 10124:Footnotes 9925:Shift JIS 9907:as well. 9862:Microsoft 9609:Shift JIS 9445:情報交換用漢字符号 9316:, 83JIS: 9304:, 83JIS: 8989:followed. 8881:Available 8844:Available 8807:Available 8786:"Unicode" 8770:Available 8663:Shift_JIS 8604:Supports 8511:JIS-Roman 8405:Standard 8340:Shift JIS 8276:Shift out 8142:dokuritsu 8005:radical 9 7886:graphemic 7762:Shinjigen 7474:ren'yōkei 7470:atsuka(i) 7468:reading " 7440:reading " 7432:reading " 7412:reading " 7384:reading " 7376:reading " 7352:shūshikei 7346:ren'yōkei 7161:Results". 6283:; and 32 6148:non-kanji 6129:kanji set 6118:Kanji set 6034:Shift JIS 5952:CNS 11643 5866:KS X 1001 5843:Shift JIS 5835:0x30 0x21 5091:, and by 5085:KanjiTalk 2146:Shift JIS 1071:Shift JIS 1040:Microsoft 468:Lead byte 278:KS X 1001 213:Shift JIS 119:Bulgarian 89:Alias(es) 13626:Mojibake 13481:ISO 2033 13446:Fieldata 13424:ASMO 449 13334:GB 18030 13294: / 13242:Teletext 13232:Sharp MZ 13162:HP FOCAL 13157:HP Roman 13088:Atari ST 13078:Apple II 12612:CS Indic 12306:Romanian 12281:Keyboard 12261:Gurmukhi 12256:Gujarati 12246:Georgian 12221:Cyrillic 12216:Croatian 12191:Armenian 12097:LST 1564 12082:KPS 9566 12042:GB 18030 12037:GB 12052 12032:GB 12345 12017:ELOT 927 11951:ISO 5426 11911:Estonian 11748:ITU T.61 11738:Teletext 11734:Videotex 11708:Fieldata 11694:Cyrillic 11440:標準化ジャーナル 11334:標準化と品質管理 11309:標準化ジャーナル 11284:標準化ジャーナル 11259:標準化ジャーナル 11234:標準化ジャーナル 11159:標準化ジャーナル 11134:標準化ジャーナル 11034:See also 10858:archived 10739:. ITSCJ/ 10677:. Apple. 10454:, 61-89) 10441:and the 10435:, 58-57) 10141:Missing 9721:such as 9711:Mac OS X 9601:defined. 9590:nor the 9566:defined. 8932:stateful 8819:GB 18030 8776:Usually 8651:Possible 8585:Accepts 8577:ISO 2022 8567:Encoding 8386:ISO 2022 8327:シフト符号化表現 8272:US-ASCII 8264:shift in 7603:Unknown 7588:Unknown 7199:国土行政区画総覧 6908:katakana 6904:hiragana 6890:symbol ( 6888:ångström 6858:such as 6343:Katakana 6315:Hiragana 6299:Numerals 6291:and the 6218:such as 6212:; eight 6123:Overview 6080:US-ASCII 4244:Compare 3794:GB 12345 3784:Compare 3210:Compare 3205:Katakana 2653:Compare 2648:Hiragana 2155:Compare 2124:and the 2054:Å 1065:or with 425:de facto 373:by IBM. 288:KPS 9566 231:("UJIS") 215:("SJIS") 162:ISO 2022 147:Standard 104:Japanese 13515:SEASCII 13509:Mojikyō 13496:KOI8-RU 13419:ABICOMP 13292:Unicode 13202:PETSCII 13192:NEC APC 13128:DEC MCS 13083:ATASCII 12980:Swedish 12965:Finnish 12950:Spanish 12642:Mazovia 12607:ABICOMP 12316:Turkish 12271:Iceland 12179:Mac OS 12122:TIS-620 12027:GB 2312 12002:BraSCII 11992:ArmSCII 11730:Teletex 11689:Chinese 11483:]. 11458:]. 11433:]. 11408:]. 11327:]. 11302:]. 11277:]. 11252:]. 11227:]. 11152:]. 11127:]. 11015:cPython 10620:Gatunka 10116:(BMP). 10110:Unicode 10009:Unicode 9856:IBM-942 9852:IBM-932 9828:Fujitsu 9786:Unicode 9375:" and " 9347:" and " 9292:ryakuji 9232:variant 9195:by the 9193:Teletex 9075:History 8737:Unicode 8716:Usually 7868:Unicode 7863:hōsetsu 7776:ryakuji 7570:Symbol 7503:count. 7460:" and " 7404:" and " 7003:order ( 6916:dakuten 6811:2/3 4/1 6785:). The 6705:1-2-18 6686:HYPHEN 6668:1-2-17 6612:115-23 6607:1-2-15 6551:115-24 6546:1-2-16 6535:Symbol 6524:Symbol 6449:level 2 6430:level 1 6333:dakuten 6160:hikanji 6095:日本語通用名称 6072:Unicode 5850:GB 2312 2169:ISO 646 2118:ISO 646 283:GB 2312 198:plane 1 138:Chinese 114:Russian 109:English 47:improve 13525:Symbol 13501:KOI8-U 13491:KOI8-R 13359:TACE16 13349:CESU-8 13344:BOCU-1 13324:UTF-32 13319:UTF-16 13262:WISCII 13252:TRS-80 13172:SQUOZE 13167:HP RPL 13007:Hebrew 13002:SI 960 12970:French 12893:EBCDIC 12783:CER-GS 12266:Hebrew 12241:Gaelic 12206:Celtic 12196:Arabic 12142:YUSCII 12132:VISCII 12117:SI 960 12107:PASCII 11956:5426-2 11934:MARC-8 11669:Needle 11547: 11360: 11324:漢字について 11124:漢字のJIS 10782:WHATWG 10364:, and 10040:EUC-JP 10022:planes 9947:EUC-JP 9929:EUC-JP 9905:EUC-JP 9744:e-mail 9489:itaiji 9381:" to " 9369:" to " 9258:Itaiji 9225:itaiji 9124:JIPDEC 8935:bytes. 8860: 8856:UTF-32 8823: 8782:UTF-16 8749: 8700:EUC-JP 8679:Almost 8667:"SJIS" 8573:7-bit? 8545:, the 8538:hyphen 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