Knowledge

J. Michael Kosterlitz

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31: 846: 830: 803:” Nobelprize.org, . "I was a nominal church going Christian until I left home for Cambridge University on a scholarship when, to my great relief, I could drop all religion and become my natural atheist self...My wife and I finally became citizens of the USA in 2004." 442:
in the 1960s, known for working routes in the UK, Italian Alps, and Yosemite. There is 6a+ graded route bearing his name in the Orco Valley of the Italian Alps named Fessura Kosterlitz. Kosterlitz is an American citizen and is an atheist. He was diagnosed with
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is named in honour of his father, Hans Kosterlitz, a pioneering biochemist specializing in endorphins, who joined the faculty after fleeing Nazi persecution of Jews in 1934.
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in 2016, “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter”; the
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in 1974, first as a lecturer and, later, as a reader. Since 1982, he has been professor of physics at
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Anatomy of a Scientific Discovery: The Race to Find the Body's Own Morphine
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Kosterlitz at Nobel press conference in Stockholm, Sweden, December 2016
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to prepare for his university entrance examinations. He received his
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Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
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and Hannah Gresshöner. He was educated independently at
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in Finland and since 2016 a distinguished professor at
477: 690: 580:"Kosterlitz Research profile at Brown University" 2618: 478:Gibney, Elizabeth; Castelvecchi, Davide (2016). 2667:Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge 2392: 747:"Launch of Kosterlitz Centre in Aberdeen 2010" 284:Ă©migrĂ©s, the son of the pioneering biochemist 2378: 867: 473: 471: 367:theory, one- and two-dimensional physics; in 696: 271: 2742:People educated at Robert Gordon's College 2687:American people of Scottish-Jewish descent 2385: 2371: 874: 860: 844: 697:Devlin, Hannah; Sample, Ian (2016-10-04). 671: 603: 601: 599: 597: 595: 593: 468: 419:. Since 1992, he has been a Fellow of the 417:Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition 116:Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition 29: 2657:Academics of the University of Birmingham 765:"Mike Kosterlitz 2016 Nobel Prize Winner" 548: 509: 415:in 2000, especially, for his work on the 344:, he was appointed to the faculty of the 2772:Scottish people of German-Jewish descent 2707:Fellows of the American Physical Society 2682:American people of German-Jewish descent 648: 2757:Scottish emigrants to the United States 590: 2619: 789:. UK Climbing 10/2016. 5 October 2016. 678:(DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. 675:Problems in strong interaction physics 526: 332:positions, including positions at the 323: 191:Problems in strong interaction physics 2366: 855: 814:J. Michael Kosterlitz - Biographical. 801:J. Michael Kosterlitz - Biographical. 390: 306:Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge 300:degree, subsequently converted to an 2737:People educated at Edinburgh Academy 649:Davidson, Peter (12 December 2016). 572: 395:Michael Kosterlitz was awarded the 2662:Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford 665: 13: 2722:Maxwell Medal and Prize recipients 358:Korea Institute for Advanced Study 14: 2793: 822: 672:Kosterlitz, John Michael (1969). 2652:21st-century American physicists 2642:20th-century American physicists 828: 433: 806: 793: 775: 771:. Alpine Club. 15 October 2016. 757: 739: 715: 556:"J. Michael Kosterlitz - Facts" 2531:(United Kingdom/United States) 2497:(United Kingdom/United States) 2491:(United Kingdom/United States) 2485:(United Kingdom/United States) 2420:(United Kingdom/United States) 642: 627: 457:List of Jewish Nobel laureates 316:as a postgraduate student of 1: 462: 426:The Kosterlitz Centre at the 438:Kosterlitz was a pioneer in 379:; and in critical dynamics: 363:Kosterlitz does research in 7: 450: 292:before transferring to the 10: 2798: 2782:20th-century Scottish Jews 2762:21st-century Scottish Jews 2732:Nobel laureates in Physics 2717:Jewish American physicists 2647:21st-century American Jews 2637:20th-century American Jews 252:. He was awarded the 2016 2544: 2519: 2504: 2473: 2453: 2433: 2402: 2003: 1660: 1349: 1127: 893: 753:. University of Aberdeen. 542:American Physical Society 511:10.1038/nature.2016.20722 421:American Physical Society 413:American Physical Society 318:Brasenose College, Oxford 216: 212: 201: 183: 165: 155: 148: 125: 111: 88: 80: 72: 40: 28: 21: 2767:Scottish Nobel laureates 2747:Scientists from Aberdeen 2712:Jewish American atheists 2702:Brown University faculty 2677:American Nobel laureates 613:University of Birmingham 346:University of Birmingham 334:University of Birmingham 272:Education and early life 266:condensed matter physics 174:University of Birmingham 160:Condensed matter physics 2692:British Nobel laureates 401:Maxwell Medal and Prize 308:. In 1969, he earned a 290:Robert Gordon's College 239:John Michael Kosterlitz 96:University of Cambridge 45:John Michael Kosterlitz 2550:Nobel Prize recipients 2506:Physiology or Medicine 887:Nobel Prize in Physics 428:University of Aberdeen 397:Nobel Prize in Physics 286:Hans Walter Kosterlitz 254:Nobel Prize in physics 133:Nobel Prize in Physics 2495:J. Michael Kosterlitz 841:J. Michael Kosterlitz 373:electron localization 336:, collaborating with 2777:British secular Jews 837:at Wikimedia Commons 723:"APS Fellow Archive" 405:Institute of Physics 314:University of Oxford 102:University of Oxford 2412:Jean-Pierre Sauvage 586:. Brown University. 502:2016Natur.538...18G 324:Career and research 2697:British physicists 2466:Juan Manuel Santos 843:on Nobelprize.org 835:Michael Kosterlitz 769:alpine-club.org.uk 445:multiple sclerosis 409:Lars Onsager Prize 391:Awards and honours 371:: random systems, 342:Cornell University 178:Cornell University 139:Lars Onsager Prize 23:Michael Kosterlitz 2752:Scottish atheists 2672:American atheists 2614: 2613: 2521:Economic Sciences 2483:David J. Thouless 2360: 2359: 833:Media related to 653:. Evening Express 407:in 1981, and the 403:from the British 369:phase transitions 294:Edinburgh Academy 236: 235: 202:Academic advisors 150:Scientific career 16:British physicist 2789: 2552: 2512:Yoshinori Ohsumi 2387: 2380: 2373: 2364: 2363: 2353: 2337: 2321: 2305: 2289: 2273: 2257: 2241: 2225: 2213: 2197: 2185: 2173: 2157: 2145: 2129: 2113: 2101: 2089: 2073: 2057: 2041: 2025: 1996: 1980: 1968: 1952: 1936: 1920: 1908: 1896: 1884: 1876: 1868: 1852: 1836: 1820: 1808: 1792: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1752: 1736: 1724: 1708: 1692: 1676: 1653: 1637: 1625: 1609: 1593: 1585: 1573: 1565: 1557: 1549: 1541: 1525: 1509: 1493: 1485: 1473: 1465: 1453: 1437: 1425: 1409: 1397: 1385: 1377: 1365: 1342: 1334: 1326: 1318: 1310: 1302: 1294: 1286: 1278: 1277: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1257: 1249: 1241: 1229: 1217: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1190: 1182: 1181: 1175: 1167: 1159: 1151: 1139: 1120: 1108: 1100: 1092: 1084: 1076: 1068: 1060: 1052: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1025: 1017: 1015:Kamerlingh Onnes 1009: 1001: 993: 985: 973: 965: 957: 949: 941: 933: 917: 905: 876: 869: 862: 853: 852: 848: 832: 817: 810: 804: 797: 791: 790: 779: 773: 772: 761: 755: 754: 743: 737: 736: 734: 733: 719: 713: 712: 710: 709: 694: 688: 687: 669: 663: 662: 660: 658: 646: 640: 631: 625: 624: 622: 620: 615:. 4 October 2016 605: 588: 587: 576: 570: 569: 567: 566: 560:Nobel Foundation 552: 546: 545: 530: 524: 523: 513: 492:(7623). London: 475: 365:condensed matter 354:Aalto University 350:Brown University 312:degree from the 243:Brown University 232: 229: 227: 225: 223: 197: 170:Brown University 58: 54: 52: 33: 19: 18: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2787: 2786: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2548: 2540: 2535:Bengt Holmström 2515: 2500: 2469: 2449: 2448:(United States) 2429: 2418:Fraser Stoddart 2398: 2391: 2361: 2356: 2340: 2324: 2308: 2292: 2276: 2260: 2244: 2228: 2216: 2200: 2188: 2176: 2160: 2148: 2132: 2116: 2104: 2092: 2076: 2060: 2044: 2028: 2012: 2005: 1999: 1983: 1971: 1955: 1946:Cohen-Tannoudji 1939: 1923: 1911: 1899: 1887: 1879: 1871: 1855: 1839: 1823: 1811: 1795: 1787: 1775: 1763: 1755: 1739: 1727: 1711: 1695: 1679: 1667: 1656: 1640: 1628: 1612: 1596: 1588: 1576: 1568: 1560: 1552: 1544: 1528: 1512: 1496: 1488: 1476: 1468: 1456: 1440: 1428: 1412: 1400: 1388: 1380: 1368: 1356: 1345: 1337: 1329: 1321: 1313: 1305: 1297: 1289: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1268: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1252: 1244: 1232: 1220: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1193: 1185: 1179: 1178: 1170: 1162: 1154: 1142: 1134: 1123: 1111: 1103: 1095: 1087: 1079: 1071: 1063: 1055: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1028: 1020: 1012: 1004: 996: 988: 976: 968: 960: 952: 944: 936: 920: 908: 900: 889: 880: 825: 820: 811: 807: 798: 794: 781: 780: 776: 763: 762: 758: 745: 744: 740: 731: 729: 721: 720: 716: 707: 705: 695: 691: 670: 666: 656: 654: 647: 643: 632: 628: 618: 616: 607: 606: 591: 578: 577: 573: 564: 562: 554: 553: 549: 532: 531: 527: 494:Springer Nature 476: 469: 465: 453: 440:Alpine climbing 436: 393: 326: 280:, Scotland, to 276:He was born in 274: 250:Hans Kosterlitz 245:and the son of 220: 195: 176: 172: 144: 118: 107: 89:Alma mater 68: 59: 56: 50: 48: 47: 46: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2795: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2538: 2532: 2525: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2510: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2489:Duncan Haldane 2486: 2479: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2464: 2462: 2451: 2450: 2444: 2442: 2431: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2408: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2375: 2367: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2338: 2322: 2306: 2290: 2274: 2258: 2242: 2226: 2214: 2198: 2186: 2174: 2158: 2146: 2130: 2114: 2102: 2090: 2074: 2058: 2042: 2026: 2009: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1997: 1981: 1969: 1953: 1937: 1921: 1909: 1897: 1885: 1877: 1869: 1853: 1837: 1821: 1809: 1793: 1785: 1773: 1761: 1753: 1737: 1725: 1709: 1693: 1682:P. W. Anderson 1677: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1655: 1654: 1638: 1626: 1610: 1594: 1586: 1574: 1566: 1558: 1550: 1542: 1526: 1510: 1503:Goeppert Mayer 1494: 1486: 1474: 1466: 1454: 1438: 1426: 1410: 1398: 1386: 1378: 1366: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1344: 1343: 1335: 1327: 1319: 1311: 1303: 1295: 1287: 1279: 1272: 1265: 1258: 1250: 1242: 1230: 1227:C. D. Anderson 1218: 1210: 1203: 1191: 1183: 1176: 1168: 1160: 1152: 1140: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1109: 1101: 1093: 1085: 1077: 1069: 1061: 1053: 1045: 1038: 1026: 1018: 1010: 1002: 994: 986: 974: 966: 958: 950: 942: 934: 918: 906: 897: 895: 891: 890: 879: 878: 871: 864: 856: 850: 849: 838: 824: 823:External links 821: 819: 818: 805: 792: 787:ukclimbing.com 774: 756: 738: 714: 689: 664: 641: 626: 589: 571: 547: 525: 466: 464: 461: 460: 459: 452: 449: 435: 432: 392: 389: 338:David Thouless 325: 322: 273: 270: 262:Duncan Haldane 258:David Thouless 234: 233: 218: 214: 213: 210: 209: 206:David Thouless 203: 199: 198: 187: 181: 180: 167: 163: 162: 157: 153: 152: 146: 145: 143: 142: 136: 129: 127: 123: 122: 113: 112:Known for 109: 108: 106: 105: 99: 92: 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 66:United Kingdom 60: 44: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2794: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2632:Living people 2630: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2426:(Netherlands) 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2010: 2008: 2002: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1935: 1934:R. Richardson 1931: 1927: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1883: 1878: 1875: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766:Chandrasekhar 1762: 1759: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1567: 1564: 1559: 1556: 1551: 1548: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1472: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1384: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1341: 1336: 1333: 1328: 1325: 1320: 1317: 1312: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1296: 1293: 1288: 1285: 1280: 1273: 1266: 1259: 1256: 1251: 1248: 1243: 1240: 1239:G. P. Thomson 1236: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1189: 1184: 1177: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1161: 1158: 1157:O. Richardson 1153: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1083: 1078: 1075: 1070: 1067: 1062: 1059: 1054: 1051: 1046: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1011: 1008: 1003: 1000: 995: 992: 991:Van der Waals 987: 984: 980: 975: 972: 967: 964: 959: 956: 955:J. J. Thomson 951: 948: 943: 940: 935: 932: 928: 924: 919: 916: 912: 907: 904: 899: 898: 896: 892: 888: 884: 877: 872: 870: 865: 863: 858: 857: 854: 847: 842: 839: 836: 831: 827: 826: 815: 809: 802: 796: 788: 784: 778: 770: 766: 760: 752: 748: 742: 728: 724: 718: 704: 700: 693: 685: 681: 677: 676: 668: 652: 645: 639: 635: 630: 614: 610: 604: 602: 600: 598: 596: 594: 585: 581: 575: 561: 557: 551: 543: 539: 535: 529: 521: 517: 512: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 486: 481: 474: 472: 467: 458: 455: 454: 448: 446: 441: 434:Personal life 431: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 388: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 282:German-Jewish 279: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 248: 244: 240: 231: 219: 215: 211: 207: 204: 200: 193: 192: 188: 186: 182: 179: 175: 171: 168: 164: 161: 158: 154: 151: 147: 140: 137: 134: 131: 130: 128: 124: 121: 117: 114: 110: 103: 100: 97: 94: 93: 91: 87: 84:United States 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 57:(age 81) 55:June 22, 1943 43: 39: 32: 27: 20: 2580: 2494: 2238: 1790:von Klitzing 1782:Van der Meer 808: 795: 786: 777: 768: 759: 750: 741: 730:. 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Yang 1188:Heisenberg 1165:De Broglie 732:2022-08-11 708:2016-10-04 638:Brain Soup 565:2016-11-02 463:References 247:biochemist 51:1943-06-22 2537:(Finland) 2446:Bob Dylan 2404:Chemistry 2397:laureates 2335:Zeilinger 2155:Novoselov 2123:Kobayashi 2047:Abrikosov 1894:J. Taylor 1874:de Gennes 1866:R. Taylor 1758:K. Wilson 1706:R. Wilson 1690:Van Vleck 1661:1976–2000 1651:Rainwater 1647:Mottelson 1623:Josephson 1571:Gell-Mann 1535:Schwinger 1523:Prokhorov 1483:Mössbauer 1443:Cherenkov 1435:T. D. Lee 1359:Cockcroft 1350:1951–1975 1149:C. Wilson 1128:1926–1950 1074:Guillaume 963:Michelson 923:Becquerel 894:1901–1925 883:Laureates 751:abn.ac.uk 619:4 October 584:brown.edu 447:in 1978. 411:from the 340:, and at 230:/jkosterl 208:(postdoc) 2414:(France) 2343:Agostini 2231:Thouless 2223:McDonald 2211:Nakamura 2179:Wineland 2111:GrĂĽnberg 2067:Politzer 2051:Ginzburg 2039:Giacconi 2019:Ketterle 1974:'t Hooft 1958:Laughlin 1950:Phillips 1930:Osheroff 1858:Friedman 1830:Schwartz 1826:Lederman 1746:Schawlow 1722:Weinberg 1531:Tomonaga 1423:Brattain 1415:Shockley 1324:Blackett 1316:Appleton 1308:Bridgman 1255:Lawrence 1235:Davisson 1215:Chadwick 1098:Millikan 1082:Einstein 971:Lippmann 939:Rayleigh 931:M. Curie 927:P. Curie 520:27708331 451:See also 385:freezing 278:Aberdeen 228:/display 62:Aberdeen 2514:(Japan) 2475:Physics 2331:Clauser 2295:Penrose 2279:Peebles 2235:Haldane 2203:Akasaki 2191:Englert 2183:Haroche 2167:Schmidt 2127:Maskawa 2079:Glauber 2071:Wilczek 2055:Leggett 2035:Koshiba 2015:Cornell 2006:present 1990:Kroemer 1986:Alferov 1978:Veltman 1962:Störmer 1882:Charpak 1862:Kendall 1846:Dehmelt 1814:Bednorz 1714:Glashow 1702:Penzias 1698:Kapitsa 1670:Richter 1643:A. Bohr 1619:Giaever 1599:Bardeen 1563:Alvarez 1547:Kastler 1539:Feynman 1419:Bardeen 1383:Zernike 1375:Purcell 1145:Compton 1090:N. Bohr 979:Marconi 911:Lorentz 903:Röntgen 885:of the 538:aps.org 498:Bibcode 381:melting 217:Website 104:(DPhil) 76:British 2347:Krausz 2341:2023: 2327:Aspect 2325:2022: 2319:Manabe 2311:Parisi 2309:2021: 2299:Genzel 2293:2020: 2287:Queloz 2277:2019: 2267:Mourou 2263:Ashkin 2261:2018: 2255:Thorne 2251:Barish 2245:2017: 2229:2016: 2219:Kajita 2217:2015: 2201:2014: 2189:2013: 2177:2012: 2161:2011: 2149:2010: 2133:2009: 2117:2008: 2105:2007: 2095:Mather 2093:2006: 2087:Hänsch 2077:2005: 2061:2004: 2045:2003: 2029:2002: 2023:Wieman 2013:2001: 1984:2000: 1972:1999: 1956:1998: 1940:1997: 1926:D. 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Index


Aberdeen
United Kingdom
University of Cambridge
University of Oxford
Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition
KTHNY theory
Nobel Prize in Physics
Lars Onsager Prize
Condensed matter physics
Brown University
University of Birmingham
Cornell University
Thesis
Problems in strong interaction physics
David Thouless
vivo.brown.edu/display/jkosterl
Brown University
biochemist
Hans Kosterlitz
Nobel Prize in physics
David Thouless
Duncan Haldane
condensed matter physics
Aberdeen
German-Jewish
Hans Walter Kosterlitz
Robert Gordon's College
Edinburgh Academy
BA

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