Italian art - Knowledge

1393: 1435: 1085: 749: 1557: 19: 1152: 951: 382: 1338: 805: 282: 670: 1522: 216: 251: 308:) from elsewhere. The Etruscan architecture was itself influenced by the Greeks so that when the Romans adopted Greek styles, it was not a totally alien culture. During the republic, there was probably a steady absorption of architectural influences, mainly from the Hellenistic world, but after the fall of Syracuse in 211 BC, Greek works of art flooded into Rome. During the 2nd century BC, the flow of these works, and more important, Greek craftsmen, continued, thus decisively influencing the development of 2522:, for the first time it was given to the private owners and their dealers the faculty to self-certify a commercial value less than 13.500 euros, in order to be authorized to transport goods out of the country's borders and into the European Union, with no need of a public administrative permission. The bill has passed and come into force on 29 August 2017. A public authorization shall be provided for archeological remains discovered underground or under the sea level. 468: 4683: 1277: 570: 801:. Leonardo had one of the most searching minds in all history. He wanted to know how everything that he saw in nature worked. In over 4,000 pages of notebooks, he drew detailed diagrams and wrote his observations. Leonardo made careful drawings of human skeletons and muscles, trying to learn how the body worked. Due to his inquiring mind, Leonardo has become a symbol of the Renaissance spirit of learning and intellectual curiosity. 321: 2548: 4672: 2534: 2420: 1681: 875: 343:

The wealthiest Romans lived in large houses with gardens. Most of the population, however, lived in apartment buildings made of stone, concrete, or limestone. The Romans developed new techniques and used materials such as volcanic soil from Pozzuoli, a village near Naples, to make their cement harder and stronger. This concrete allowed them to build large apartment buildings called

406:, Italian art consisted primarily of architectural decorations (frescoes and mosaics). Byzantine art in Italy was a highly formal and refined decoration with standardized calligraphy and admirable use of color and gold. Until the 13th century, art in Italy was almost entirely regional, affected by external European and Eastern currents. After 1319:(literally patches or spots) were the chief components of a work of art. The word macchia was commonly used by Italian artists and critics in the 19th century to describe the sparkling quality of a drawing or painting, whether due to a sketchy and spontaneous execution or to the harmonious breadth of its overall effect. 1409:

multiple-exposure photography, the Futurists learned to break up realistic forms into multiple images and overlapping fragments of color. By such means, they attempted to portray the energy and speed of modern life. In literature, Futurism demanded the abolition of traditional sentence structures and verse forms.

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an artistic movement that originated in Italy in the 1960s, combining aspects of conceptual, minimalist, and performance art, and making use of worthless or common materials such as earth or newspaper, in the hope of subverting the commercialization of art. The phrase is Italian, and means literally,

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Wall paintings decorated the houses of the wealthy. Paintings often showed garden landscapes, events from Greek and Roman mythology, historical scenes, or scenes of everyday life. Romans decorated floors with mosaics — pictures or designs created with small colored tiles. The richly colored paintings

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marks the first appearance in print of the term Macchiaioli. The term carried several connotations: it mockingly implied that the artists' finished works were no more than sketches, and recalled the phrase "darsi alla macchia", meaning, idiomatically, to hide in the bushes or scrubland. The artists

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had become the biggest and most advanced city in the world. The ancient Romans came up with new technologies to improve the city's sanitation systems, roads, and buildings. They developed a system of aqueducts that piped freshwater into the city, and they built sewers that removed the city's waste.

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The Etruscans were responsible for constructing Rome's earliest monumental buildings. Roman temples and houses were closely based on Etruscan models. Elements of Etruscan influence in Roman temples included the podium and the emphasis on the front at the expense of the remaining three sides. Large

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did, in fact, paint much of their work in these wild areas. This sense of the name also identified the artists with outlaws, reflecting the traditionalists' view that new school of artists was working outside the rules of art, according to the strict laws defining artistic expression at the time.

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In his sculptures, Donatello tried to portray the dignity of the human body in realistic and often dramatic detail. His masterpieces include three statues of the Biblical hero David. In a version finished in the 1430s, Donatello portrayed David as a graceful, nude youth, moments after he slew the

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Raphael's paintings are softer in outline and more poetic than those of Michelangelo. Raphael was skilled in creating perspective and in the delicate use of color. He painted a number of pictures of the Madonna (Virgin Mary) and many outstanding portraits. One of his greatest works is the fresco

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The frescoes consist of painting on top of fresh plaster, so that when the plaster is dried the painting becomes part of the plaster and an integral part of the wall, which helps it survive so well (indeed, almost all of surviving Etruscan and Roman painting is in fresco). Colours were made from

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and the beauty of its speed, power, and movement. Exalting violence and conflict, he called for the sweeping repudiation of traditional values and the destruction of cultural institutions such as museums and libraries. The manifesto's rhetoric was passionately bombastic; its aggressive tone was

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became the first artist to portray nature realistically since the fall of the Roman Empire. He produced magnificent frescoes (paintings on damp plaster) for churches in Assisi, Florence, Padua, and Rome. Giotto attempted to create lifelike figures showing real emotions. He portrayed many of his

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During the Middle Ages, painters and sculptors tried to give their works a spiritual quality. They wanted viewers to concentrate on the deep religious meaning of their paintings and sculptures. But Renaissance painters and sculptors, like Renaissance writers, wanted to portray people and nature

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They depicted a dreamlike imagery, with figures and objects seemingly frozen in time. Metaphysical Painting artists accept the representation of the visible world in a traditional perspective space, but the unusual arrangement of human beings as dummy-like models, objects in strange, illogical

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In the Christian era of the late Empire, from 350 to 500 AD, wall painting, mosaic ceiling and floor work, and funerary sculpture thrived, while full-sized sculpture in the round and panel painting died out, most likely for religious reasons. When Constantine moved the capital of the empire to

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wrote his treatise on architecture, Greek architectural theory and example were dominant. With the expansion of the empire, Roman architecture spread over a wide area, used for both public buildings and some larger private ones. In many areas, elements of style were influenced by local tastes,

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Italian art has influenced several major movements throughout the centuries and has produced several great artists, including painters, architects and sculptors. Today, Italy has an important place in the international art scene, with several major art galleries, museums and exhibitions; major

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began to be used to portray depth and volume. Sometimes scenes of everyday life are portrayed, but more often traditional mythological scenes. The concept of proportion does not appear in any surviving frescoes and we frequently find portrayals of animals or men with some body-parts out of

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Michelangelo was the first artist in history to be recognized by his contemporaries as a genius in our modern sense. Canonized before his death, he has remained magnificent, formidable and remote. Some of the impediments to establishing close contact with his mind are inherent in his own

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was an Italian art movement that flourished from 1909 to about 1916. It was the first of many art movements that tried to break with the past in all areas of life. Futurism glorified the power, speed, and excitement that characterized the machine age. From the French Cubist painters and

842:. The painting was influenced by classical Greek and Roman models. It portrays the great philosophers and scientists of ancient Greece in a setting of classical arches. Raphael was thus making a connection between the culture of classical antiquity and the Italian culture of his time. 1015:, while thoroughly trained in a classical-allegorical mode, were at first inclined to paint dynamic compositions full of gesticulating figures in a manner closer to that of Caravaggio. The towering virtuoso of baroque exuberance and grandeur in sculpture and architecture was 661:

realistically. Medieval architects designed huge cathedrals to emphasize the grandeur of God and to humble the human spirit. Renaissance architects designed buildings whose proportions were based on those of the human body and whose ornamentation imitated ancient designs.

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Combining elements of concrete art, dada and tachism, the movement's adherents rejected easel painting and embraced new technological developments, seeking to incorporate time and movement in their works. Fontana's slashed and pierced paintings exemplify his theses.

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Brunelleschi was the first Renaissance architect to revive the ancient Roman style of architecture. He used arches, columns, and other elements of classical architecture in his designs. One of his best-known buildings is the beautifully and harmoniously proportioned

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particularly decoration, but the architecture remained recognizably Roman. Styles of vernacular architecture were influenced to varying degrees by Roman architecture, and in many regions, Roman and native elements are found combined in the same building.

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Boccioni, who had been the most talented artist in the group, and Sant'Elia both died during military service in 1916. Boccioni's death, combined with expansion of the group's personnel and the sobering realities of the devastation caused by

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Michelangelo excelled as a painter, architect, and poet. In addition, he has been called the greatest sculptor in history. Michelangelo was a master of portraying the human figure. For example, his famous statue of the Israelite leader

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chose Bramante to be papal architect, and together they devised a plan to replace the 4th-century Old St. Peter's with a new church of gigantic dimensions. The project was not completed, however, until long after Bramante's death.

1426:.) Marinetti coined the word Futurism to reflect his goal of discarding the art of the past and celebrating change, originality, and innovation in culture and society. Marinetti's manifesto glorified the new technology of the 1597:, Gian Emilio Malerba, Piero Marussig, Ubaldo Oppi, and Mario Sironi. Under Sarfatti's leadership, the group sought to renew Italian art by rejecting European avant-garde movements and embracing Italy's artistic traditions. 717:

of the Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence. The frescoes realistically show Biblical scenes of emotional intensity. In these paintings, Masaccio utilized Brunelleschi's system for achieving linear perspective.

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formulated a Futurist manifesto on architecture in 1914. His visionary drawings of highly mechanized cities and boldly modern skyscrapers prefigure some of the most imaginative 20th-century architectural planning.

1484:(1913), in which a human figure is not portrayed as one solid form but is instead composed of the multiple planes in space through which the figure moves. Realistic principles extended to architecture as well. 828:(1516) gives an overwhelming impression of physical and spiritual power. These qualities also appear in the frescoes of Biblical and classical subjects that Michelangelo painted on the ceiling of the Vatican's 361:), Roman art incorporated Eastern influences to produce the Byzantine style of the late empire. When Rome was sacked in the 5th century, artisans moved to and found work in the Eastern capital. The Church of 262:

stones and minerals in different colours that ground up and mixed in a medium, and fine brushes were made of animal hair (even the best brushes are produced with ox hair). From the mid 4th century BC

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in Florence. The chapel, begun in 1442 and completed about 1465, was one of the first buildings designed in the new Renaissance style. Brunelleschi also was the first Renaissance artist to master

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Etruscan bronze figures and a terracotta funerary reliefs include examples of a vigorous Central Italian tradition which had waned by the time Rome began building her empire on the peninsula.

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respectively became popular and well-funded in the period, and embarked on large building programmes, mostly using a cheaper and less highly decorated version of Gothic. Large schemes of

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decorated church vaults with lively figures floating softly on clouds – a scheme that was to have a profound influence on baroque ceiling paintings. The stormy chiaroscuro paintings of

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Some historians regard this period as degeneration of High Renaissance classicism or even as an interlude between High Renaissance and baroque, in which case the dates are usually from

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Antonio Canova (1757–1822) was not only the greatest sculptor of his generation; he was the most famous artist of the Western world from the 1790s until long after his death.

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began to take Italian, or at least Florentine, painting into new territory. But the style continued until the 15th century and beyond in some areas and contexts.

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published several manifestos on painting in 1910. Like Marinetti, they glorified originality and expressed their disdain for inherited artistic traditions.

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giant Goliath. The work, which is about 5 feet (1.5 meters) tall, was the first large free-standing nude created in Western art since classical antiquity.

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finally emerged as the dominant Italian and European power. The Roman remains in Italy are of extraordinary richness, from the grand Imperial monuments of

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1250 the art of the various regions developed characteristics in common, so that a certain unity, as well as great originality, is observable.

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uncompromising character; he was the greatest sculptor who ever lived, and the greatest sculptor is not necessarily the most approachable.

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artistic centres in the country include Rome, Florence, Venice, Milan, Turin, Genoa, Naples, Palermo, Syracuse and other cities. Italy is

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was a leading exponent of the neoclassic style. Internationally famous, he was regarded as the most brilliant sculptor in Europe.

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Etruscan houses were grouped around a central hall in much the same way as Roman town Large houses were later built around an

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types, but painted by artists without a training in Byzantine techniques. These are versions of Byzantine icons, most of the

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Alex T. Nice, Ph.D., former Visiting Associate Professor of Classics, Classical Studies Program, Willamette University.

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The leading lights of the 18th century came from Venice. Among them were the brilliant exponent of the rococo style,

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and mosaics helped to make rooms in Roman houses seem larger and brighter and showed off the wealth of the owner.

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With the fall of its western capital, the Roman Empire continued for another 1000 years under the leadership of

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The Etruscan paintings that have survived to modern times are mostly wall frescoes from graves, and mainly from

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Marinetti's manifesto inspired a group of young painters in Milan to apply Futurist ideas to the visual arts.

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is the Italian term for the culture of the 14th century. The period is considered to be the beginning of the

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became a major prop to Italian economy. Both Baroque and Neoclassicism originated in Rome and spread to all

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style around c. 1750 and lasted until c. 1850. Neoclassicism began around the period of the rediscovery of

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in Constantinople employed nearly 10,000 workmen and artisans, in a final burst of Roman art under Emperor

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in Ferrara. The word metaphysical, adopted by De Chirico himself, is core to the poetics of the movement.

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buildings. This style quickly spread to other Italian cities and later to the rest of continental Europe.

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In the early 17th century Rome became the center of a renewal of Italian dominance in the arts. In Parma,

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Early in the 20th century the exponents of futurism developed a dynamic vision of the modern world while

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was an elegant, courtly style. It flourished in Florence, Italy, where its leading representatives were

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Italo-Byzantine style initially covers religious paintings copying or imitating the standard Byzantine

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and lasted more than the other national variants of neoclassicism. It developed in opposition to the

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have inhabited the south, centre and north of the Italian peninsula respectively. The very numerous

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Eric M. Zafran, Ph.D., Curator, Department of European Paintings and Sculpture, Wadsworth Atheneum.

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Just like in other parts of Europe, Italian Neoclassical art was mainly based on the principles of

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The mannerist approach to painting also influenced other art forms. In architecture, the work of

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proportion. One of the best-known Etruscan frescoes is that of Tomb of the Lioness at Tarquinia.

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and spread all over Europe as a generation of art students returned to their countries from the

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Arts of the late 15th century and early 16th century were dominated by three men. They were

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were active in the second half of the 18th century, before moving to Paris. Painters of

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were among those who carried out the classical implications in the art of the Carracci.

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Drandaki, Anastasia, "A Maniera Greca: content, context and transformation of a term"

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Italian Neoclassicism was the earliest manifestation of the general period known as

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also tended toward the classical. Notable late baroque artists include the Genoese

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contexts, the unreal lights and colors, the unnatural static of still figures.

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artists, who were actually there first, before the more famous Impressionists:

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joined the school of Paris. Gifted later modern artists include the sculptors

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Masaccio's finest work was a series of frescoes he painted about 1427 in the

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from thousands of tombs, as well as rich remains from the Greek colonies at

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Futurism was first announced on 20 February 1909, when the Paris newspaper

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is an Italian art movement, born in 1917 with the work of Carlo Carrà and

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painted two of the most famous works of Renaissance art, the wallpainting

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replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profiles of

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1520 to 1600, and it is considered a positive style complete in itself.

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is the Italian term for the culture of the 13th century. The period saw

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itself to the survival of exceptionally preserved ordinary buildings in

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murals were cheap, and could be used to instruct congregations. The

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Other artists associated with the Novecento included the sculptors

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purposely intended to inspire public anger and arouse controversy.

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message. Neoclassicism was the last Italian-born style, after the

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Italy was the main centre of artistic developments throughout the

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Douglas K. S. Hyland, Ph.D., Director, San Antonio Museum of Art.

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worked during the early 15th century. They included the painter

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James Hankins, Ph.D., Professor of History, Harvard University.

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A hostile review published on 3 November 1862, in the journal

874: 3413: 3196: 516: 389: 44: 3921: 3398: 1196: 1195:, as well as the use of semicircular arches, hemispherical 1183:, of which many examples remained. Orderly arrangements of 447:. It was the dominant style in Italian painting until the 436: 339: 68: 2868:

John Wiley & Sons, 2007. p. 310. Web. 6 October 2011.

972:

and the robust, illusionistic paintings of the Bolognese

369:, who also ordered the creation of the famous mosaics of 432:

styles of painting can be found up to the 14th century.

1164:(1859) has come to represent the spirit of the Italian 1332: 686:

During the early 14th century, the Florentine painter

51:

are as old as 8,000 BC, and there are rich remains of

1418:

published a manifesto by the Italian poet and editor

925:

were the style's chief representatives in sculpture.

2529: 1287:(1880), a leading artist in the Macchiaioli movement 1073: 83:

Italy remained an important centre, not only of the

3680:

Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

1346:, one of the finest examples of reclining nudes by 598:in art history. Painters of the Trecento included 898:. The style was introduced to the French court by 201:, the largest number of any country in the world. 2765:"illa Almerico Capra detta "la Rotonda", Vicenza" 845:The creator of High Renaissance architecture was 5490: 2732:Phaidon Press, 1996. p. 13. Web. 5 October 2011. 2514:According to the 2017 amendments to the Italian 976:gave rise to the baroque period in Italian art. 3040: 2729:Italian High Renaissance and Baroque sculpture. 1214:It first centred in Rome where artists such as 1117:in Italy with rediscovered Greco-Roman ideals. 31:is an Italian art masterpiece worldwide famous. 1358:expressed a strange metaphysical quietude and 1128:art and architecture, but also by the Italian 696:Florentine architects, painters, and sculptors 626:. Important sculptors included two pupils of 555:, most of the leading painters of the period. 5120: 4713: 3181: 3026: 2444: 2029:National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe 2652: 2509: 2499:List of major museums and galleries in Italy 150:(1600–1750), and into the 18th century with 2911: 2909: 2882:"Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio" 2785:Rosenblum, Robert; Janson, Horst Woldemar. 5127: 5113: 4720: 4706: 3188: 3174: 3033: 3019: 2798:Abrams, 1984. p. 104. Web. 5 October 2011. 2451: 2437: 2876: 2874: 2649:World Book, 2011. Web. 30 September 2011. 2590: 2516:Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio 1581:: 20th-century) movement were the critic 1140:, notably in the writings and designs of 1080:Italian Neoclassical and 19th-century art 1066:; and the engraver of Roman antiquities, 935: 2906: 2807: 1555: 1520: 1433: 1391: 1336: 1275: 1250:setting, contain an encrypted patriotic 1246:in Italy: many of his works, usually of 1150: 1083: 949: 873: 803: 747: 668: 568: 466: 380: 319: 280: 249: 214: 17: 2491:is the invention of the Italian critic 2035:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy 1638:Movement founded by the Italian artist 1577:The founding members of the Novecento ( 5491: 2871: 2853:World Book, 2011. Web. 4 October 2011. 2754:World Book, 2011. Web. 1 October 2011. 2717:World Book, 2011. Web. 1 October 2011. 413: 122:and reaching a particular peak in the 75:and neighbouring sites. Following the 5108: 4701: 3169: 3014: 1545: 3726:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 2757: 664: 2998:Italian and Tuscan style Fine Art. 2591:Stevenson, Angus (19 August 2010). 2053:National Unity and Armed Forces Day 1500: 1481:Unique Forms of Continuity in Space 1470:Boccioni also became interested in 1440:Unique Forms of Continuity in Space 1333:Italian modern and contemporary art 737: 533:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi 312:. By the end of the republic, when 13: 3195: 2849:Hyland, Douglas K. S. "Futurism." 2476: 1265: 917:is a notable example. The Italian 645: 14: 5530: 5134: 2974: 2625:from the original on 14 July 2015 1074:Neoclassical and 19th-century art 482:Basilica of St. Francis in Assisi 4727: 4682: 4681: 4670: 2546: 2532: 2418: 1679: 1476:Development of a Bottle in Space 1262:, to spread to all Western Art. 114:(1300–1600), beginning with the 4411:Orders, decorations, and medals 2950: 2930: 2856: 2841: 2816: 2779: 2742: 2713:Hankins, James. "Renaissance." 2645:Nice, Alex T. "Rome, Ancient." 1374:, and the iconoclastic painter 1291:Italy produced its own form of 1132:and its basics, such as in the 691:figures in realistic settings. 376: 204: 2720: 2705: 2692: 2670: 2661: 2637: 2611: 2584: 1653: 1094:Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss 1: 2917:"LEGGE 4 agosto 2017, n. 124" 2750:Zafran, Eric M. "Mannerism." 2726:Pope-Hennessy, John Wyndham. 2577: 1627: 1050:; the architectural painters 910:was influenced by the style. 762: 656:Italian Renaissance sculpture 602:, as well as painters of the 485: 393: 329: 154:(1750–1850). In this period, 2946:(in Italian). 4 August 2017. 2890:(in Italian). 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The sculptors 982:Francesco Albani 900:Rosso Fiorentino 767: 766: 1495–1498 764: 744:High Renaissance 738:High Renaissance 715:Brancacci Chapel 622:and his brother 594:or at least the 553:Pietro Cavallini 490: 487: 398: 395: 386:Scrovegni Chapel 334: 331: 285:Fresco from the 156:cultural tourism 124:High Renaissance 5534: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5489: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5440: 5434: 5420:Northern Cyprus 5402: 5396: 5317:North Macedonia 5138: 5133: 5103: 5098: 5067: 5065: 5055: 5041:Northern Cyprus 5024: 5021: 5009: 4965:North Macedonia 4888: 4731: 4726: 4696: 4691: 4671: 4658: 4629:Public holidays 4460: 4406:Life expectancy 4293: 4148: 4064:Law enforcement 4000: 3853: 3800: 3789:Social Republic 3753:Colonial Empire 3736:Capture of Rome 3689: 3582: 3491: 3384:Ancient peoples 3372: 3309: 3270:Historic states 3228: 3203: 3194: 3164: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3044: 3039: 2996:Wayback Machine 2977: 2972: 2971: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2915: 2914: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2880: 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OUP Oxford. 2582: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2543: 2527: 2524: 2520:store of value 2511: 2508: 2503:Main article: 2500: 2497: 2481:Main article: 2478: 2475: 2463:Main article: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2448: 2441: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2198: 2192: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2041:Liberation Day 2038: 2032: 2026: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2006: 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604:Sienese School 563:Main article: 560: 557: 545:Simone Martini 494:Main article: 464: 461: 426:Constantinople 418:Main article: 415: 412: 378: 375: 359:Constantinople 275:Main article: 272: 269: 209:Main article: 206: 203: 99:, but for the 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5531: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5514:Art of Europe 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5504:Arts in Italy 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5453:Faroe Islands 5451: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5425:South Ossetia 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5277:Liechtenstein 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5125: 5123: 5118: 5116: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5074:Faroe Islands 5072: 5071: 5069: 5063: 5058: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5046:South Ossetia 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5016: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4945:Liechtenstein 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 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3895: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3832:Years of Lead 3830: 3828: 3827:Economic Boom 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3770:Fascist Italy 3768: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3716:Niçard exodus 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3436:Magna Graecia 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3191: 3186: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3047: 3043: 3036: 3031: 3029: 3024: 3022: 3017: 3016: 3013: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2982:Italian Art. 2981: 2979: 2978: 2966:(in Italian). 2965: 2964: 2959: 2953: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2933: 2925:(in Italian). 2924: 2923: 2918: 2912: 2910: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2883: 2877: 2875: 2867: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2844: 2825: 2819: 2810: 2803: 2797: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2782: 2766: 2760: 2753: 2745: 2738: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2716: 2708: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2648: 2640: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2606: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2587: 2583: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2544: 2541: 2530: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2442: 2440: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2416: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2383:Organisations 2379: 2378: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2256: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2129: 2128:Irreligiosity 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2093:Protestantism 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2065: 2064: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2031:(10 February) 2030: 2027: 2024: 2023:Tricolour Day 2021: 2020: 2014: 2008: 2007: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1818:Aostan French 1816: 1814: 1813:Slavomolisano 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1640:Lucio Fontana 1635: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1602:Marino Marini 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1587:Anselmo Bucci 1584: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1566: 1562: 1561:Anselmo Bucci 1558: 1553: 1543: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1498: 1496: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1465:Gino Severini 1462: 1461:Giacomo Balla 1458: 1457:Luigi Russolo 1454: 1450: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1416: 1410: 1407: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1379: 1377: 1376:Lucio Fontana 1373: 1369: 1368:Marino Marini 1365: 1364:Giacomo Manzù 1361: 1357: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1293:Impressionism 1286: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:Ancient Greek 1123: 1122:Ancient Roman 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1103:Neoclassicism 1096: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1037:Luca Giordano 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 989: 987: 986:Andrea Sacchi 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 959: 958: 955:Caravaggio's 952: 947: 943: 933: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 915:Giulio Romano 911: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 882: 881: 876: 871: 861: 858: 854: 853: 848: 843: 841: 840: 833: 831: 827: 826: 816: 812: 811: 806: 802: 800: 799: 794: 793: 788: 784: 782: 778: 774: 760: 759: 754: 750: 745: 735: 733: 729: 723: 719: 716: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 692: 689: 681: 677: 676: 671: 662: 657: 653: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 582: 578: 577: 571: 566: 556: 554: 551:and possibly 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 521:Saint Dominic 519:, founded by 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 497: 483: 479: 478: 473: 469: 460: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 433: 431: 427: 421: 411: 409: 405: 391: 387: 383: 374: 372: 368: 364: 360: 354: 350: 348: 347: 341: 327: 322: 318: 315: 311: 307: 303: 302: 292: 288: 283: 278: 268: 265: 256: 252: 248: 246: 241: 235: 231: 227: 226: 222: 217: 212: 202: 200: 197: 191: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 152:Neoclassicism 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 108: 106: 102: 101:Byzantine art 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 30: 29: 24: 20: 16: 5430:Transnistria 5062:Dependencies 5051:Transnistria 4823: 4729:European art 4518: 4514:Architecture 4484:Quattrocento 4441:Social class 4421:Prostitution 4335:Demographics 4257:Trade unions 4200:Central Bank 4042:Human rights 4022:Constitution 3805:Contemporary 3775:World War II 3663:Italian Wars 3587:Early modern 3529:Papal States 3507:Italy under 3453:Ancient Rome 2999: 2983: 2961: 2952: 2941: 2932: 2920: 2898:14 September 2896:. 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Retrieved 2613: 2593: 2586: 2540:Italy portal 2515: 2513: 2486: 2468: 2360:National day 2350:Coat of arms 2321: 2150:Architecture 2141: 2108:Baháʼí Faith 2055:(4 November) 2047:Republic Day 1648: 1637: 1610:Ottone Rosai 1599: 1595:Achille Funi 1576: 1570: 1564: 1540: 1525: 1510: 1491: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1446: 1438: 1413: 1411: 1404: 1396: 1353: 1341: 1323: 1321: 1316: 1290: 1280: 1252:Risorgimento 1213: 1181:Ancient Rome 1170: 1166:Risorgimento 1160: 1119: 1100: 1092: 1045: 1013:Andrea Pozzo 1007:, and later 990: 984:, and later 963: 956: 929: 927: 912: 886: 878: 850: 844: 837: 834: 823: 820: 815:Michelangelo 808: 796: 790: 785: 777:Michelangelo 770: 756: 731: 728:Pazzi Chapel 724: 720: 712: 693: 685: 673: 659: 586: 574: 499: 475: 434: 423: 407: 401: 377:Medieval art 363:Hagia Sophia 355: 351: 345: 337: 299: 296: 260: 242: 239: 223: 211:Etruscan art 205:Etruscan art 192: 172:Metaphysical 136:Michelangelo 109: 89:Ottonian art 65:Ancient Rome 53:Etruscan art 34: 26: 15: 5519:Western art 5499:Italian art 5468:Isle of Man 5403:recognition 5377:Switzerland 5312:Netherlands 5089:Isle of Man 5022:recognition 4990:Switzerland 4849:Netherlands 4579:Italophilia 4539:Coat of arm 4489:Cinquecento 4365:Immigration 4315:Aristocracy 4180:Agriculture 4074:Nationality 4047:LGBT rights 3961:Earthquakes 3842:Mani pulite 3758:World War I 3701:Unification 3694:Late modern 3658:Renaissance 3503:Middle Ages 3496:Middle Ages 3473:Roman Italy 3240:Citizenship 2833:7 September 2771:30 December 2685:Byzantium. 2470:Arte Povera 2465:Arte Povera 2287:Rugby union 2025:(7 January) 1977:Piedmontese 1868:Wenzhounese 1702:Citizenship 1654:Arte Povera 1618:Carlo Carrà 1495:World War I 1453:Carlo Carrà 1422:. (See the 1297:Macchiaioli 1272:Macchiaioli 1256:Renaissance 1244:Romanticism 1097:, 1787–1793 978:Domenichino 960:, 1599–1600 923:Giambologna 817:, 1501–1504 682:, 1484–1485 616:Lippo Memmi 583:, 1308–1311 489: 1290 445:gold ground 404:Middle Ages 397: 1305 367:Justinian I 264:chiaroscuro 184:Arte Povera 164:Macchiaioli 160:Western art 112:Renaissance 81:Middle Ages 5493:Categories 5347:San Marino 5307:Montenegro 5287:Luxembourg 5267:Kazakhstan 5170:Azerbaijan 4980:San Marino 4960:Montenegro 4940:Kazakhstan 4915:Azerbaijan 4839:Luxembourg 4649:Traditions 4639:Television 4624:Philosophy 4589:Literature 4529:Cathedrals 4499:Settecento 4360:Healthcare 4325:Corruption 4320:Censorship 4079:Parliament 4037:Government 3837:Maxi Trial 3785:Resistance 3514:Ostrogoths 3446:Messapians 3331:Villanovan 3321:Prehistory 3314:Prehistory 2578:References 2243:Newspapers 2218:Television 2169:Literature 2043:(25 April) 2037:(17 March) 1972:Neapolitan 1906:Folk music 1901:Folk dance 1879:Traditions 1644:Spatialism 1634:Spatialism 1628:Spatialism 1428:automobile 1281:Hay Stacks 1177:proportion 1115:Grand Tour 993:Guido Reni 970:Caravaggio 908:Tintoretto 523:and Saint 515:orders of 513:Franciscan 230:terracotta 196:home to 58 180:Spatialism 97:Norman art 5458:Gibraltar 5282:Lithuania 5079:Gibraltar 4834:Lithuania 4609:Mythology 4584:Libraries 4504:Ottocento 4446:Terrorism 4387:Languages 4340:Education 4262:Transport 4212:Companies 4119:Provinces 4089:President 4054:Judiciary 4027:Elections 3939:Volcanoes 3934:Volcanism 3927:Apennines 3912:Mountains 3880:Peninsula 3863:Geography 3794:Civil War 3519:Byzantium 3426:Etruscans 3361:Canegrate 3356:Golasecca 3341:Rinaldone 3336:Terramare 3326:Neolithic 2629:5 January 2487:The term 2400:Libraries 2308:Monuments 2277:Athletics 2238:Magazines 2155:Sculpture 2013:Festivals 1987:Sardinian 1940:Arbëreshë 1930:Abruzzese 1889:Mythology 1858:Sardinian 1808:Algherese 1790:Languages 1472:sculpture 1415:Le Figaro 1228:Canaletto 1205:aedicules 1189:pilasters 1056:Canaletto 888:Mannerism 870:Mannerism 864:Mannerism 852:Tempietto 798:Mona Lisa 704:Donatello 509:Dominican 314:Vitruvius 277:Roman art 271:Roman art 245:Tarquinia 234:Cerveteri 144:Mannerism 79:, in the 61:Agrigento 41:Etruscans 28:Mona Lisa 5478:Svalbard 5463:Guernsey 5410:Abkhazia 5362:Slovenia 5357:Slovakia 5332:Portugal 5190:Bulgaria 5084:Guernsey 5031:Abkhazia 4874:Slovenia 4869:Slovakia 4859:Portugal 4764:Bulgaria 4687:Category 4574:Internet 4564:Folklore 4494:Seicento 4479:Trecento 4474:Duecento 4436:Religion 4397:Regional 4375:Italians 4350:Gambling 4242:Taxation 4069:Military 4010:Politics 3812:Republic 3599:Florence 3524:Lombards 3463:Republic 3409:Samnites 3404:Picentes 3346:Apennine 3305:Railways 3285:Military 3233:By topic 3217:Overview 3201:articles 2992:Archived 2792:Archived 2679:Archived 2623:Archived 2526:See also 2282:Baseball 2233:Internet 2118:Hinduism 2113:Buddhism 2070:Religion 2049:(2 June) 1997:Venetian 1992:Sicilian 1967:Lucanian 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4252:Tourism 4222:Exports 4190:Banking 4170:Economy 4158:Economy 4114:Regions 3996:Valleys 3966:Islands 3946:Beaches 3917:Prealps 3897:Geology 3885:Climate 3549:Normans 3509:Odoacer 3458:Kingdom 3441:Ligures 3377:Ancient 3351:Nuragic 3300:Postage 3275:Judaism 3265:Genetic 3255:Fashion 3250:Economy 3209:History 2405:Museums 2337:Symbols 2196:Theatre 2123:Sikhism 2103:Judaism 1960:Mantuan 1955:Lombard 1935:Apulian 1920:Cuisine 1863:Slovene 1848:Occitan 1798:Italian 1767:Railway 1762:Postage 1737:Judaism 1727:Genetic 1717:Fashion 1712:Economy 1692:History 1642:as the 1579:Italian 1317:macchie 1260:Baroque 1226:, like 1193:lintels 1185:columns 1111:Pompeii 1107:Baroque 902:and by 781:Raphael 537:Cimabue 472:Cimabue 453:Cimabue 451:, when 371:Ravenna 346:insulae 293:, 80 BC 291:Pompeii 148:Baroque 140:Raphael 105:Ravenna 91:of the 73:Pompeii 57:Paestum 5473:Jersey 5415:Kosovo 5382:Turkey 5372:Sweden 5352:Serbia 5342:Russia 5327:Poland 5322:Norway 5302:Monaco 5272:Latvia 5240:Greece 5225:France 5200:Cyprus 5094:Jersey 5036:Kosovo 4995:Turkey 4985:Serbia 4975:Russia 4970:Norway 4955:Monaco 4884:Sweden 4854:Poland 4829:Latvia 4809:Greece 4799:France 4774:Cyprus 4675: 4549:Design 4534:Cinema 4509:Anthem 4431:Racism 4380:People 4355:Health 4217:Energy 4207:Brands 4134:Comune 4129:Cities 3991:Rivers 3951:Canals 3634:Amalfi 3619:Venice 3478:Empire 3419:Veneti 3394:Latins 3366:Latial 3199: 2601: 2292:Tennis 2223:Cinema 2175:Comics 1853:Romani 1780:People 1665:on the 1620:, and 1567:, 1932 1536:Pesaro 1463:, and 1350:, 1916 1295:, the 1224:Vedute 1201:niches 1062:, and 883:, 1543 779:, and 688:Giotto 638:, and 624:Pietro 576:Maestà 541:Giotto 529:fresco 517:friars 477:Maestà 457:Giotto 301:atrium 186:, and 120:Giotto 37:Greeks 5448:Åland 5367:Spain 5292:Malta 5262:Italy 4893:Other 4879:Spain 4844:Malta 4824:Italy 4634:Sport 4604:Music 4594:Media 4456:Women 4330:Crime 4195:Banks 3971:Lakes 3956:Caves 3907:Flora 3902:Fauna 3624:Genoa 3609:Milan 3604:Siena 3544:Arabs 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