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40:
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84:
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59:
633:
grows to 100–150 cm (39–59 in), or a rare 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall, with erect leaves up to 90 cm (35 in) long and 3 cm (1.2 in) broad. The flowers are bright yellow, 7–10 cm (2.8–3.9 in) across, with the typical iris form. The fruit is a dry
777:
which can create dense, monotypic stands, outcompeting other plants in the ecosystem. Where it is invasive, it is tough to remove on a large scale. Even ploughing the rhizomes is often ineffective. It has been banned in some areas but is still widely sold in others for use in gardens.
1539:
1490:
Zhao, Huilin; Wang, Fen; Ji, Min (2015). "Brackish
Eutrophic Water Treatment by Iris pseudacorus L.-Planted Microcosms: Physiological Responses of Iris pseudacorus L. to Salinity".
701:
plants survey conducted by the AgriLand project, which is supported by the UK Insect
Pollinators Initiative. However, when number of flowers per floral unit, flower abundance, and
705:
were taken into account, it dropped out of the top 10 for most nectar per unit cover per year, as did all plants that placed in the top ten, with the exception of common comfrey,
666:
and often grows with it, though usually in shallower water. While it is primarily an aquatic or marginal plant, the rhizomes can survive prolonged dry conditions.
1319:
192:
1168:
1913:
999:) through its roots, and is featured in many AS Level Biology practicals as its ability to grow in low pH levels makes it a useful indicator.
2024:
2271:
2135:
2042:
1455:
Mohseni-Bandpei, A. (2010). "Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater by subsurface wetlands planted with Iris pseudacorus".
1838:
1939:
1864:
1581:
1572:
2060:
601:(sweet flag), as they have a prominently veined mid-rib and sword-like shape. However, the two plants are not closely related.
1980:
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1944:
955:
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2011:
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732:
2148:
1869:
1632:
1563:
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2052:
1975:
1807:
2281:
1732:
1218:
991:
This plant has been used as a form of water treatment since it can take up macronutrients (such as
2003:
1758:
673:
stands in western
Scotland form a very important feeding and breeding habitat for the endangered
644:
grows best in very wet conditions, and is common in wetlands, where it tolerates submersion, low
2212:
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1990:
1918:
1815:
1594:
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259:
78:
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1427:
1298:
685:
1527:
770:) where it is not native, it has escaped from cultivation to establish itself as an
2235:
1745:
1507:
1472:
895:
771:
657:
578:
39:
1856:
1676:
1663:
1476:
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The plant was rated in second place for per day nectar production per flower in a
2073:
1967:
1511:
959:
635:
630:
574:
121:
2189:
2166:
2016:
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807:
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108:
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68:
63:
1931:
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means "false acorus", referring to the similarity of its leaves to those of
2179:
1617:
1519:
1117:
980:
rather than to a lily, based on the shape and yellow colour of the flower.
968:
963:
915:
767:
585:
164:
1419:
Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
1417:
1022:
638:
4–7 cm (1.6–2.8 in) long, containing numerous pale brown seeds.
19:"Yellow iris" redirects here. For the short story by Agatha Christie, see
1998:
1877:
1699:
1626:
787:
683:
is one of two iris species native to the United
Kingdom, the other being
144:
2078:
1830:
1368:"NOAA National Center for Research on Aquatic Invasive Species (NCRAIS)"
1843:
996:
803:
728:
626:
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935:
885:
831:
815:
702:
674:
581:
154:
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2174:
2037:
1611:
992:
973:
875:
855:
819:
795:
791:
724:
1905:
1784:
746:'Variegata' (it has leaves that are edged with deep white stripes)
1753:
925:
865:
823:
653:
570:
1771:
1684:
811:
662:
95:
905:
1002:
It can also withstand high salinity levels in the water.
698:
645:
16:
Species of flowering plant in the iris family
Iridaceae
1366:
1224:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 53
1292:
1320:"Centre for Biological Control Annual Report 2019"
731:planting. The following cultivars have gained the
588:to Europe, western Asia and northwest Africa. Its
1311:
2263:
1171:. Conservation Grade. 2014-10-15. Archived from
1454:
946:
1169:"Which flowers are the best source of nectar?"
1416:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
1391:Pierre Augustin Boissier de Sauvages (1756).
723:regions as an ornamental plant, with several
656:and water-dispersed seed. It fills a similar
1415:
1384:
988:The plant's roots and leaves are poisonous.
1342:"9 Top Types of Iris for the Flower Garden"
1297:. London: Kyle Cathie Limited. p. 88.
1489:
1293:Spencer-Jones, Rae; Cuttle, Sarah (2005).
1161:
652:soils. The plant spreads quickly, by both
57:
38:
1492:International Journal of Phytoremediation
1317:
1143:"Iris pseudacorus L. is an accepted name"
1339:
1288:
1286:
616:
608:
1582:United States Department of Agriculture
1573:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2264:
1365:
766:In some regions (including the US and
1593:
1592:
1333:
1318:Mostert, Esther; Weaver, Kim (eds.).
1283:
2203:49ca3cfd-0108-4b9c-84a8-45c51dd7faba
2053:d9d4a236-effc-4a22-b7dd-e05f7d4eea96
983:
956:Pierre Augustin Boissier de Sauvages
692:
2272:IUCN Red List least concern species
1295:Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland
1113:Flag of the Brussels-Capital Region
761:
13:
1394:Languedocien Dictionnaire François
14:
2343:
1548:
2154:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:438992-1
1340:McIntosh, Jamie (21 June 2021).
1094:
1082:
1068:
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1030:
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1012:
82:
1483:
1448:
1409:
1359:
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1236:
1211:
1186:
1135:
754:(with pale cream flowers) and
750:Other cultivars known include
714:
604:
1:
1578:Agricultural Research Service
1477:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.02.002
1397:(in French). pp. 153–154
1327:Centre for Biological Control
1128:
1512:10.1080/15226514.2014.981240
758:(with dark yellow flowers).
7:
2332:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1106:
786:is reported as invasive in
733:Royal Horticultural Society
10:
2348:
2322:Medicinal plants of Europe
2312:Medicinal plants of Africa
1005:
18:
1601:
1219:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
976:symbol may be related to
958:, an 18th-century French
265:
258:
241:
234:
79:Scientific classification
77:
55:
46:
37:
30:
2327:Plants described in 1753
2317:Medicinal plants of Asia
719:It is widely planted in
2307:Garden plants of Europe
2297:Garden plants of Africa
310:F. Delaroche ex Redoute
1457:Ecological Engineering
1266:"RHS Plant Selector -
1194:"RHS Plant Selector -
622:
614:
507:Vieusseuxia iridioides
2302:Garden plants of Asia
2292:Flora of Western Asia
2287:Flora of North Africa
1555:Plants for a Future:
737:Award of Garden Merit
620:
612:
499:Pseudo-iris palustris
475:Limnirion pseudacorus
1329:, Rhodes University.
1145:. theplantlist.org (
708:Symphytum officinale
539:Xyridion pseudacorus
483:Limniris pseudacorus
1504:2015IJPhy..17..814Z
1469:2010EcEng..36..777Y
843:
531:Xyridion acoroideum
523:Xiphion pseudacorus
227:I. pseudacorus
49:Conservation status
21:The Regatta Mystery
841:
623:
615:
491:Moraea candolleana
2259:
2258:
2087:Open Tree of Life
1595:Taxon identifiers
1433:978-1-4027-6715-9
984:Toxicity and uses
944:
943:
693:Nectar production
689:(stinking iris).
686:Iris foetidissima
550:
549:
515:Xiphion acoroides
402:(Boreau) K.Richt.
72:
2339:
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2115:Iris pseudacorus
2105:
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2102:Iris_pseudacorus
2095:
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2069:
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2046:
2045:
2043:Iris~pseudacorus
2033:
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2017:NBNSYS0000002269
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1690:iris-pseudacorus
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1633:Iris pseudacorus
1622:
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1620:
1603:Iris pseudacorus
1590:
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1566:Iris pseudacorus
1557:Iris pseudacorus
1542:Iris pseudacorus
1540:Flora Europaea:
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1268:Iris pseudacorus
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1196:Iris pseudacorus
1190:
1184:
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1156:
1154:
1149:). 23 March 2013
1139:
1098:
1086:
1076:Iris pseudacorus
1072:
1060:
1050:Iris pseudacorus
1046:
1034:
1025:
1016:
978:Iris pseudacorus
947:Relationship to
844:
840:
783:Iris pseudacorus
762:Invasive species
590:specific epithet
554:Iris pseudacorus
543:
535:
527:
519:
511:
503:
495:
487:
479:
471:
463:
455:Iris pseudacorus
451:
443:Iris pseudacorus
439:
431:Iris pseudacorus
427:
419:Iris pseudacorus
415:
407:Iris pseudacorus
403:
395:Iris pseudacorus
391:
383:Iris pseudacorus
379:
371:Iris pseudacorus
367:
366:(Boreau) K.Richt
359:Iris pseudacorus
355:
347:Iris pseudacorus
343:
335:
327:
319:
311:
307:Iris curtopetala
303:
299:Iris curtopetala
295:
287:
279:
275:Iris acoriformis
269:List of synonyms
247:
245:Iris pseudacorus
213:
197:
87:
86:
66:
61:
60:
42:
32:Iris pseudacorus
28:
27:
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2282:Flora of Europe
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2074:Observation.org
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2015:
2010:
2002:
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1965:MichiganFlora:
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1426:. p. 261.
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1372:nas.er.usgs.gov
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1008:
986:
972:applied to the
952:
850:First Observed
847:State/Province
764:
717:
695:
631:perennial plant
607:
575:flowering plant
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2236:wfo-0000783754
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1549:External links
1547:
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1498:(9): 814–821.
1482:
1463:(6): 777–782.
1447:
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1244:"Roy Davidson"
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1160:
1147:The Plant List
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808:North Carolina
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747:
744:
743:'Roy Davidson'
716:
713:
694:
691:
681:I. pseudacorus
671:I. pseudacorus
642:I. pseudacorus
606:
603:
598:Acorus calamus
548:
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423:longiacuminata
416:
404:
392:
390:(Boreau) Nyman
380:
368:
356:
354:(Boreau) Nyman
344:
336:
331:Iris pallidior
328:
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312:
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291:Iris bastardii
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283:Iris acoroides
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800:New Hampshire
797:
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775:aquatic plant
773:
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756:Golden Fleece
753:
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534:(Spach) Klatt
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518:(Spach) Alef.
516:
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378:(Spach) Baker
376:
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364:
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345:
340:
339:Iris paludosa
337:
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236:Binomial name
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64:Least Concern
54:
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36:
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26:
22:
2277:Iris (plant)
1602:
1571:
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1541:
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1460:
1456:
1450:
1422:. New York:
1418:
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1399:. Retrieved
1393:
1386:
1375:. Retrieved
1371:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:
1335:
1313:
1294:
1273:. Retrieved
1270:'Variegata'"
1267:
1260:
1250:25 September
1248:. Retrieved
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1195:
1188:
1177:. Retrieved
1173:the original
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1137:
1118:Fleur-de-lis
1101:Whole plants
1075:
1049:
1001:
990:
987:
977:
969:fleur-de-lis
967:
953:
949:fleur-de-lis
948:
782:
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768:South Africa
765:
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526:(L.) Schrank
522:
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302:F. Delaroche
298:
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209:
193:
181:
177:
165:
128:
115:
102:
31:
25:
1999:NatureServe
1878:iNaturalist
1627:Wikispecies
1275:7 September
1123:Iris sawfly
966:, the name
788:Connecticut
715:Cultivation
660:to that of
605:Description
593:pseudacorus
563:yellow iris
559:yellow flag
542:(L.) Klatt
510:F.Delaroche
467:Iris sativa
363:acoriformis
351:acoriformis
145:Asparagales
122:Angiosperms
2266:Categories
2210:WisFlora:
2128:kew-322261
2123:Plant List
1720:Calflora:
1377:2022-06-14
1346:The Spruce
1179:2017-10-18
1129:References
997:phosphorus
960:naturalist
842:US Spread
828:Washington
804:New Jersey
729:bog garden
629:flowering
627:herbaceous
613:Flower bud
567:water flag
447:ochroleuca
435:nyaradyana
323:Iris lutea
315:Iris flava
214:Laevigatae
173:Subgenus:
1821:200028201
1730:Cal-IPC:
1442:244766414
832:Wisconsin
816:Tennessee
725:cultivars
721:temperate
703:phenology
675:corncrake
584:. It is
582:Iridaceae
486:(L.) Fuss
478:(L.) Opiz
399:bastardii
387:bastardii
375:acoroides
221:Species:
189:Section:
155:Iridaceae
92:Kingdom:
2198:VicFlora
2187:VASCAN:
2180:16600257
2175:Tropicos
2099:PalDat:
2038:NSWFlora
2004:2.149941
1919:10456945
1906:438992-1
1697:BioLib:
1612:Wikidata
1528:30542002
1520:25529785
1424:Sterling
1228:13 March
1153:14 April
1107:See also
993:nitrogen
974:heraldic
820:Virginia
796:Maryland
792:Delaware
772:invasive
459:submersa
260:Synonyms
205:Series:
198:Limniris
182:Limniris
151:Family:
135:Monocots
69:IUCN 3.1
2249:1416223
1976:MoBotPF
1844:5298231
1754:Ecocrop
1500:Bibcode
1465:Bibcode
1401:27 July
1351:29 July
1203:24 June
1037:Closeup
1006:Gallery
824:Vermont
654:rhizome
636:capsule
577:in the
571:species
569:, is a
494:Spreng.
450:Peterm.
411:citrina
397:subsp.
361:subsp.
318:Tornab.
161:Genus:
141:Order:
96:Plantae
67: (
2136:PLANTS
2050:NZOR:
1981:281137
1958:163999
1932:114983
1831:IRIPSE
1828:FoIO:
1808:iripse
1805:FEIS:
1798:186664
1772:491653
1713:126458
1685:ARKive
1677:171918
1664:160658
1661:APDB:
1641:AoFP:
1618:Q21173
1526:
1518:
1440:
1430:
1301:
1063:Flower
834:, and
812:Oregon
669:Large
650:anoxic
648:, and
586:native
579:family
557:, the
502:Medik.
438:Prodán
426:Prodán
294:Boreau
278:Boreau
180:subg.
2244:WoRMS
2220:WoI:
2092:43059
2061:NZPCN
2030:82213
1988:NAS:
1945:43194
1914:IRMNG
1890:IPA:
1883:47779
1870:20385
1793:EUNIS
1785:IRIPS
1746:3PZZR
1700:42065
1651:APA:
1524:S2CID
1323:(PDF)
1246:. RHS
1222:(PDF)
1089:Fruit
940:2005
930:1909
920:1954
910:2013
900:1882
890:2008
880:1932
870:1982
860:2009
663:Typha
658:niche
625:This
621:Seeds
565:, or
470:Mill.
462:Glück
445:var.
414:Hook.
409:var.
385:var.
373:var.
349:var.
342:Pers.
286:Spach
210:Iris
196:sect.
194:Iris
129:Clade
116:Clade
103:Clade
2213:3942
2190:6184
2167:9334
2149:POWO
2141:IRPS
2110:PfaF
2079:6903
2066:3315
2025:NCBI
1991:1115
1968:1475
1953:IUCN
1940:ITIS
1901:IPNI
1893:5853
1865:GRIN
1852:GISD
1839:GBIF
1780:EPPO
1759:6955
1723:4358
1708:BOLD
1672:APNI
1654:4314
1644:1975
1516:PMID
1438:OCLC
1428:ISBN
1403:2013
1353:2021
1299:ISBN
1277:2020
1252:2020
1230:2018
1205:2013
1155:2015
995:and
962:and
752:Alba
334:Hill
326:Lam.
212:ser.
178:Iris
166:Iris
2231:WFO
2223:271
2162:RHS
2012:NBN
1927:ISC
1857:873
1816:FNA
1767:EoL
1741:CoL
1508:doi
1473:doi
739::
735:'s
573:of
457:f.
433:f.
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1370:.
1344:.
1325:.
1285:^
936:WI
926:VT
916:PA
906:OH
896:NY
886:MN
876:MI
866:IN
856:IL
838:.
830:,
826:,
822:,
818:,
814:,
810:,
806:,
802:,
798:,
794:,
790:,
711:.
699:UK
677:.
646:pH
561:,
252:L.
131::
118::
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1584:.
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1475::
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1380:.
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1279:.
1254:.
1232:.
1207:.
1198:"
1182:.
1157:.
71:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
