31:
2129:
579:
In the case of cultivated plants, there is an additional epithet which is an often non-Latin part, not written in italics. For cultivars, it is always given in single quotation marks. The cultivar, Group, or grex epithet may follow either the botanical name of the species, or the name of the genus
487:
sets no binding standard in this respect, as typography is a matter of editorial style and tradition not of nomenclature". Most peer-reviewed scientific botanical publications do not italicize names above the rank of genus, and non-botanical scientific publications do not, which is in keeping with
196:(below the rank of species). The names of cultivated plants are not necessarily similar to the botanical names, since they may instead involve "unambiguous common names" of species or genera. Cultivated plant names may also have an extra component, bringing a maximum of four parts:
139:, which is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralize the defining features of that particular taxon.
558:
In the case of a subdivision of a genus (subgenus, section, subsection, series, subseries, etc.) the name consists of the name of a genus and a subdivisional epithet. A connecting term should be placed before the subdivisional epithet to indicate the
123:, where it has accumulated various names in many languages. Later, the plant was introduced worldwide, bringing it into contact with more languages. English names for this plant species include: daisy, English daisy, and lawn daisy. The cultivar
425:. In botany there are many ranks below that of species (in zoology there is only one such rank, subspecies, so that this "connecting term" is not used in zoology). A name of a "subdivision of a genus" also needs a connecting term (in the
580:
only, or the unambiguous common name of the genus or species. The generic name, followed by a cultivar name, is often used when the parentage of a particular hybrid cultivar is not relevant in the context, or is uncertain.
696:
McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012).
154:
has been expanded in some modern approaches to include what were formerly considered to be several closely related families. Some botanical names refer to groups that are very stable (for example
150:, thus, the group that a particular botanical name refers to can be quite small according to some people and quite big according to others. For example, the traditional view of the family
1959:
53:
700:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011
859:
International Code of
Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP or Cultivated Plant Code), incorporating the Rules and Recommendations for naming plants in cultivation
1964:
71:
109:
The purpose of a formal name is to have a single name that is accepted and used worldwide for a particular plant or plant group. For example, the botanical name
2097:
856:
Brickell, C.D.; Alexander, C.; David, J.C.; Hetterscheid, W.L.A.; Leslie, A.C.; Malecot, V.; Jin, X.; Editorial committee; Cubey, J.J. (2009).
730:
497:
2015:
612:
801:
285:
882:
632:
1831:
764:
755:
714:
142:
The usefulness of botanical names is limited by the fact that taxonomic groups are not fixed in size; a taxon may have a varying
865:(8th ed.). International Association for Plant Taxonomy and International Society for Horticultural Science. Archived from
17:
888:
795:
708:
857:
2021:
832:
39:
has one botanical name and many common names, including perennial daisy, lawn daisy, common daisy, and
English daisy.
916:
2153:
1355:
627:
617:
1836:
1286:
760:
642:
2005:
1592:
1107:
162:) while for other names a careful check is needed to see which circumscription is being used (for example
2087:
1841:
525:
414:
193:
1821:
524:
of genus down to, and including, the rank of species. Taxa below the rank of species get a three part (
143:
746:
456:
Engl. & Irmsch." but this is a classification, not a formal botanical name. The botanical name is
1971:
647:
727:
2109:
1954:
1004:
592:
417:(a name for a taxon below the rank of species) needs a "connecting term" to indicate rank. In the
2158:
493:
1939:
1863:
597:
1668:
785:
2104:
652:
602:
147:
1826:
1723:
1678:
1350:
909:
607:
501:
172:
1326:
855:
8:
1996:
1541:
677:
296:
75:(ICNCP). The code of nomenclature covers "all organisms traditionally treated as algae,
1934:
1799:
1577:
1269:
1055:
951:
672:
657:
362:
698:
2092:
941:
936:
828:
791:
704:
662:
350:
358:(American hedge bindweed), a combination consisting of a genus name and two epithets
1878:
1784:
1779:
1733:
1626:
1611:
1572:
1497:
1338:
1262:
1159:
1101:
553:
is the specific epithet. There is no connecting term involved to indicate the rank.
1673:
30:
2132:
2114:
1976:
1805:
1755:
1743:
1705:
1641:
1468:
1436:
1397:
1370:
1199:
1194:
1085:
1021:
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866:
822:
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545:
489:
374:
209:
111:
84:
48:
35:
2026:
1991:
1926:
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1417:
1392:
1375:
1365:
1360:
1242:
1060:
1045:
999:
994:
622:
404:
apart from cultivars, the name of a plant can never have more than three parts.
96:
66:
127:'Aucubifolia' is a golden-variegated horticultural selection of this species.
2147:
2062:
1810:
1728:
1700:
1663:
1631:
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1536:
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1387:
1189:
1172:
1095:
1075:
1016:
1011:
959:
695:
667:
521:
479:
is to italicize all botanical names, including those above genus, though the
185:
167:
136:
103:
80:
471:
Generic, specific, and infraspecific botanical names are usually printed in
2057:
2047:
1949:
1658:
1167:
1134:
219:
159:
155:
92:
102:
with their taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups (but excluding
1873:
1858:
1853:
1789:
1651:
1431:
1402:
1301:
1296:
1144:
984:
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1902:
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1868:
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1546:
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1274:
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1080:
974:
422:
79:, or plants, whether fossil or non-fossil, including blue-green algae (
504:
above genus are italicized, a new policy adopted in the early 1990s).
192:
and above), two parts (various situations below the rank of genus) or
2010:
1907:
1636:
1441:
1422:
1333:
1257:
1177:
1129:
1070:
1050:
989:
316:
235:
229:
151:
115:
denotes a plant species which is native to most of the countries of
2052:
2042:
1986:
1981:
1748:
1621:
1597:
1514:
1184:
969:
885:
International
Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants.
430:
245:
239:
225:
163:
88:
62:
58:
1237:
1232:
1149:
1139:
472:
436:
A taxon may be indicated by a listing in more than three parts: "
308:
99:
335:
snowdrop 'John Gray' – an unambiguous common name for the genus
1690:
1582:
1502:
1456:
1446:
1407:
1345:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
925:
824:
The naming of names the search for order in the world of plants
273:
116:
76:
54:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
1914:
1848:
1770:
1738:
1695:
1587:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1507:
1492:
1461:
1382:
1040:
1031:
703:. Vol. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG.
532:
261:
256:
249:
203:
189:
1765:
1760:
1412:
1252:
1227:
1222:
1206:
1065:
1685:
1247:
894:
72:
433:). The connecting term is not part of the name itself.
130:
539:
In the case of a species this is a specific epithet:
401:'Rose Queen' – a cultivar within a botanical variety
384:Gemmifera Group – a species name and Group epithet
326:Darkest Red Group – a genus name and Group epithet
2145:
320:Lacecap Group – a genus name and Group epithet
910:
783:
2016:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
613:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
408:
300:(Japanese barberry) a species name, i.e., a
27:Scientific name for a plant, alga or fungus
917:
903:
883:International Union of Biological Sciences
777:
633:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
413:A botanical name in three parts, i.e., an
304:consisting of a genus name and one epithet
1960:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
531:A binary name consists of the name of a
135:The botanical name itself is fixed by a
29:
765:United States Department of Agriculture
756:Germplasm Resources Information Network
574:
179:
14:
2146:
817:
790:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 102.
312:'Charisma' – a cultivar within a genus
188:, botanical names may be in one part (
898:
728:Ecological Flora of the British Isles
421:example above, this is "subsp.", for
549:is the name of a species, in which
332:Greenteaicecreamandraspberries grex
24:
131:Type specimens and circumscription
57:(ICN) and, if it concerns a plant
25:
2170:
1965:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
849:
784:L. B. McCarty (15 January 2001).
2128:
2127:
804:from the original on 2 May 2016.
717:from the original on 2013-11-04.
512:For botanical nomenclature, the
488:two of the three other kinds of
429:example above, this is "subg.",
889:Plant botanical definition list
811:
628:Validly published name (botany)
618:International Plant Names Index
228:(subclass including the family
787:Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds
739:
721:
689:
516:prescribes a two-part name or
507:
13:
1:
891:. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
761:Agricultural Research Service
683:
643:Glossary of scientific naming
69:epithets must conform to the
2006:History of plant systematics
1593:Thorns, spines, and prickles
218:(class including the family
7:
583:
10:
2175:
1822:Alternation of generations
924:
378:'Aucubifolia' – a cultivar
370:(a Mediterranean hawthorn)
2123:
2071:
2035:
1972:Cultivated plant taxonomy
1935:Biological classification
1925:
1798:
1714:
1610:
1560:
1285:
1215:
1158:
1120:
1094:
1030:
950:
932:
648:Biological classification
475:. The example set by the
409:Components of plant names
1832:Evolutionary development
827:. New York: Bloomsbury.
593:Author citation (botany)
520:for any taxon below the
1483:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
2154:Botanical nomenclature
2098:by author abbreviation
2022:Plant taxonomy systems
1940:Botanical nomenclature
598:Botanical nomenclature
339:and a cultivar epithet
40:
18:Specific name (botany)
2105:Botanical expeditions
653:Binomial nomenclature
603:Correct name (botany)
588:(specific to botany)
483:preface states: "The
464:Engl. & Irmsch. (
33:
1837:Evolutionary history
1827:Double fertilization
1679:Cellular respiration
608:Hybrid name (botany)
575:In cultivated plants
180:Forms of plant names
173:Taraxacum officinale
146:, depending on the
1056:Non-vascular plants
678:Undescribed species
297:Berberis thunbergii
1561:Surface structures
1356:Flower development
733:2007-03-12 at the
658:Nomenclature codes
526:infraspecific name
415:infraspecific name
363:Crataegus azarolus
51:conforming to the
41:
2141:
2140:
1780:Herbaceous plants
1606:
1605:
797:978-1-57504-142-1
710:978-3-87429-425-6
663:Open nomenclature
382:Brassica oleracea
351:Calystegia sepium
61:, the additional
16:(Redirected from
2166:
2131:
2130:
2110:Individual trees
1785:Secondary growth
1756:Succulent plants
1744:Prostrate shrubs
1627:Apical dominance
1612:Plant physiology
1573:Epicuticular wax
1118:
1117:
1111:
1102:Plant morphology
919:
912:
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718:
693:
535:and an epithet.
458:Saxifraga aizoon
438:Saxifraga aizoon
395:Scilla hispanica
212:(the liverworts)
148:taxonomic system
21:
2174:
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2119:
2088:Botanical terms
2081:
2067:
2031:
1977:Citrus taxonomy
1955:Author citation
1921:
1815:
1794:
1716:
1710:
1706:Turgor pressure
1614:
1602:
1556:
1371:Floral symmetry
1289:
1281:
1211:
1200:Vascular bundle
1195:Vascular tissue
1154:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1090:
1061:Vascular plants
1026:
1022:Plant pathology
946:
928:
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881:Adopted by the
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873:
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749:Bellis perennis
745:
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735:Wayback Machine
726:
722:
711:
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690:
686:
638:(more general)
586:
577:
546:Bellis perennis
510:
490:scientific name
468:Art 24: Ex 1).
411:
375:Bellis perennis
210:Marchantiophyta
182:
144:circumscription
133:
125:Bellis perennis
112:Bellis perennis
49:scientific name
36:Bellis perennis
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
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2159:Plant taxonomy
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2078:Related topics
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1927:Plant taxonomy
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1911:
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1903:Megasporangium
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623:The Plant List
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1017:Plant ecology
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1012:Plant anatomy
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960:Archaeobotany
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872:on 2011-08-13
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389:in four parts
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184:Depending on
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168:Amygdaloideae
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104:Microsporidia
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81:Cyanobacteria
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19:
2058:Horticulture
2048:Floriculture
1950:Correct name
1944:
1800:Reproduction
1790:Woody plants
1715:Plant growth
1674:Gas Exchange
1659:Phytomelanin
1537:Plant embryo
1287:Reproductive
1135:Phragmoplast
874:. Retrieved
867:the original
858:
838:. Retrieved
823:
819:Pavord, Anna
812:Bibliography
786:
779:
768:. Retrieved
754:
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291:Heliodrosium
290:
284:
279:Phyllodineae
278:
272:
269:in two parts
255:
220:Magnoliaceae
206:(the plants)
183:
171:
160:Magnoliaceae
156:Equisetaceae
141:
134:
124:
110:
108:
93:slime moulds
70:
52:
47:is a formal
44:
42:
34:
1874:Pollen tube
1869:Pollinators
1859:Pollination
1854:Germination
1669:Respiration
1652:Chlorophyll
1498:Pedicellate
1432:Gametophyte
1351:Aestivation
1302:Antheridium
1297:Archegonium
1145:Plasmodesma
1122:Plant cells
985:Paleobotany
980:Ethnobotany
965:Astrobotany
840:18 February
518:binary name
508:Binary name
502:viral names
450:multicaulis
399:campanulata
302:combination
200:in one part
194:three parts
121:Middle East
2148:Categories
1896:Microspore
1886:Sporangium
1864:Artificial
1552:Sporophyte
1547:Sporophyll
1542:Receptacle
1437:Gynandrium
1307:Androecium
1216:Vegetative
1086:Angiosperm
1081:Gymnosperm
975:Dendrology
876:2013-12-29
770:2011-06-05
684:References
569:Falcataria
494:zoological
446:brevifolia
423:subspecies
419:Calystegia
2093:Botanists
2011:Herbarium
1908:Megaspore
1806:Evolution
1749:Subshrubs
1717:and habit
1642:Nutrition
1637:Cellulose
1632:Bulk flow
1615:Materials
1578:Epidermis
1442:Gynoecium
1423:Endosperm
1418:Dispersal
1334:Staminode
1270:Sessility
1258:Cataphyll
1178:Mesophyll
1130:Cell wall
1071:Lycophyte
1051:Bryophyte
1005:Geobotany
990:Phycology
498:bacterial
462:surculosa
454:surculosa
356:americana
337:Galanthus
317:Hydrangea
289:subsect.
286:lchemilla
236:Pinophyta
230:Liliaceae
152:Malvaceae
89:oomycetes
2133:Category
2053:Forestry
2043:Agronomy
2036:Practice
1987:Cultivar
1982:Cultigen
1842:timeline
1734:Rosettes
1622:Aleurone
1598:Trichome
1515:Perianth
1327:Filament
1185:Meristem
1108:glossary
970:Bryology
821:(2005).
802:Archived
731:Archived
715:Archived
673:Taxonomy
584:See also
551:perennis
444:subvar.
431:subgenus
246:Fagaceae
240:conifers
226:Liliidae
164:Fabaceae
119:and the
100:protists
85:chytrids
63:cultivar
59:cultigen
1811:Ecology
1568:Cuticle
1398:Capsule
1388:Anatomy
1339:Tapetum
1263:Petiole
1238:Rhizome
1233:Rhizoid
1160:Tissues
1150:Vacuole
1140:Plastid
942:Outline
937:History
473:italics
368:pontica
354:subsp.
309:Syringa
252:family)
204:Plantae
2115:Plants
2018:(IAPT)
1771:Lianas
1739:Shrubs
1691:Starch
1583:Nectar
1503:Raceme
1469:Stigma
1457:Locule
1447:Carpel
1408:Pyrena
1346:Flower
1322:Anther
1317:Stamen
1312:Pollen
1034:groups
926:Botany
831:
794:
707:
567:sect.
460:subf.
452:subf.
442:aizoon
427:Acacia
324:Lilium
277:subg.
274:Acacia
264:genus)
257:Betula
117:Europe
2075:Lists
1992:Group
1915:Spore
1849:Flora
1766:Vines
1761:Trees
1724:Habit
1696:Sugar
1588:Stoma
1530:Sepal
1525:Petal
1520:Tepal
1508:Umbel
1493:Bract
1474:Style
1462:Ovule
1452:Ovary
1393:Berry
1383:Fruit
1376:Whorl
1243:Shoot
1041:Algae
1032:Plant
870:(PDF)
863:(PDF)
559:rank:
533:genus
440:var.
397:var.
366:var.
262:birch
260:(the
250:beech
248:(the
238:(the
190:genus
77:fungi
67:Group
1997:Grex
1879:Self
1413:Seed
1275:Stem
1253:Leaf
1228:Root
1223:Bulb
1207:Wood
1168:Cork
1066:Fern
842:2015
829:ISBN
792:ISBN
705:ISBN
522:rank
496:and
485:Code
186:rank
137:type
106:)."
95:and
1686:Sap
1403:Nut
1248:Bud
528:).
514:ICN
481:ICN
477:ICN
466:ICN
448:f.
176:).
83:),
65:or
2150::
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763:,
759:.
753:.
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844:.
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500:(
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232:)
222:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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