877:, writes: "A new book from General Ion Mihai Pacepa is cause for celebration, because he is among a tiny handful of people who know a lot about the intelligence services of the Soviet Empire, and because he writes about it with rare lucidity, always with an eye to helping us understand our world. His first book, 'Red Horizons,' is indubitably the most brilliant portrait of a Communist regime I've ever read. 'Programmed to Kill' is equally fascinating. Pacepa painstakingly takes us through the documentary evidence, including invaluable material on Soviet bloc cyphers that throws new light on Oswald's letters to KGB officers in Washington and Mexico City. ā¦ No novelist could have written a more exciting story, made all the more compelling because of Pacepa's first-hand involvement in the Russians' efforts to hide their Oswald connection." In
479:
133:
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within three years the entire organization had been eliminated. Not a single top official was left, not a single major operation was still running. CeauČescu had a nervous breakdown, and gave orders for Pacepa's assassination. At least two squads of murderers have come to the United States to try to find him, and just recently one of Pacepa's former agents ā a man who had performed minor miracles in stealing
Western technology in Europe at Romanian behest ā spent several months on the East Coast, trying to track him down. They didn't succeed."
146:
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in 1945, who wanted the Church out of
Ukraine. On 3 June 1945, his Radio Moscow proclaimed that Pius XII had been "Hitler's Pope." But the insinuation fell flat as it came the day after Pius XII had condemned the "Satanic spectre of Nazism" on Vatican Radio. Moreover, Pius was being lauded for his wartime efforts to protect religious minorities by, among others, President
412:, the director of Radio Free Europe's Romanian program who had infuriated CeauČescu with his commentaries. It was late July when I got this order, and when I ultimately had to decide between being a good father and being a political criminal. Knowing you, Dana, I was firmly convinced that you would prefer no father to one who was an assassin."
926:
fiefdom" and spread the idea that Israel planned to make the
Islamic Middle East into a "Jewish colony." Furthermore, he describes the Soviet Union's alleged role in propagating and funding terrorist groups in the Middle East. He published a book outlining these operations with its name taken from the program itself: Operation SIG.
978:
that gives details of the Seat 12 plot and the Soviet "science" of framing. It is co-authored by Pius XII expert and professor of law at the
University of Mississippi, Ronald J. Rychlak. In an interview, Pacepa claimed that the original idea to blacken the Pontiff's reputation came from Joseph Stalin
500:
in 1988 summed up the devastation caused by Pacepa's "spectacular" defection: "His passage from East to West was a historic event, for so carefully had he prepared, and so thorough was his knowledge of the structure, the methods, the objectives, and the operations of CeauČescu's secret service, that
1076:
inspired by the story of Pacepa's defection in the late 1970s. The events are heavily dramatized and many character names have been changed, including Pacepa, who is represented by a character named Victor
Godeanu. The series has a multi-national cast, with dialogue recorded in Romanian as well as
925:
propaganda across the Middle East to increase hatred for Jews, and by extension Israel and
America. Pacepa writes that Soviet propagandists set up large party state organizations to infiltrate thousands of agents of change into the Arab and Muslim world to instill the idea of America as a "Jewish
520:
to assassinate Pacepa in the United States in exchange for $ 1 million. Documents found in the
Romanian intelligence archives show that the Securitate had given Carlos a whole arsenal to use in "Operation 363" to assassinate Pacepa in the United States. Included were 37 kg
555:
Decision No. 41/1999 cancelled Pacepa's death sentences and ordered for his properties, confiscated by CeauČescu's orders, to be returned to him. Romania's government refused to comply. In
December 2004, the new government of Romania restored Pacepa's rank of general.
734:
was written by Pacepa together with Ronald
Rychlak. Far-right propaganda website WND introduced it in August 2016, as follows: "This November's election spells 'LOOMING DISASTER,' warns former communist spymaster and disinformation expert, Gen. Ion Mihai Pacepa."
958:
Pacepa alleged that the Soviet Union tried to discredit the Papacy. In a 2007 article, he stated: "In my other life, when I was at the center of Moscow's foreign-intelligence wars, I myself was caught up in a deliberate
Kremlin effort to smear the
1870:
446:
file had attached an article from a magazine which talks about Noƫl undergoing surgery, with a note which argues that the article confirms "the measures undertaken by us are starting to have an effect". Pacepa later claimed a supposed
1055:
to destroy, hide, or transfer his chemical weapons prior to the American invasion of Iraq during 2003. He claimed that an operation for the removal of chemical weapons ("Operation Sarindar") had been prepared by the Soviet Union for
493:
Pacepa's defection destroyed the intelligence network of communist Romania, and through the revelations of CeauČescu's activity, it affected CeauČescu's international credibility and respectability. An article published by
991:. Stalin's disinformation efforts were rejected by that contemporary generation "that had lived through the real history and knew who Pope Pius XII really was," Pacepa explained. He said the KGB tried again, promoting
696:
explained that the book's serialization by Radio Free Europe had "played an incontestable role" in overthrowing CeauČescu, according to the text on the back cover of the book's second edition, published during 1990.
1905:
548:, which was broadcasting news of Pacepa's defection. Five Romanian diplomats in West Germany, who had helped Carlos the Jackal in this operation, were expelled from the country.
1968:
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degree only four years later. He was assigned to the Directorate of Counter-sabotage of the Securitate. In 1955, he was transferred to the Directorate of Foreign Intelligence.
2362:
2131:
420:
335:, which he managed until he defected in 1978. Pacepa claimed he was involved with the establishment of Romania's automobile industry, and with the development of its
2213:
2112:
1520:
1842:
1773:
743:
In a 2006 article, Pacepa describes a conversation he had with CeauČescu, who told him about "ten international leaders the Kremlin killed or tried to kill":
2089:
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stated "those inclined to suspect a conspiracy was behind JFK's murder will likely remain unpersuaded by Pacepa's circumstantial, speculative case" and that
2352:
2194:
1030:
1732:
885:"a superb new paradigmatic work on the death of President Kennedy" and "a 'must read' for everyone interested in the assassination of President Kennedy."
2327:
273:(CIA) in operations against the former Eastern Bloc. The CIA described his cooperation as "an important and unique contribution to the United States".
2029:
645:, arousing "huge interest among Romanians". According to Radio Romania, "the streets of Romania's towns were empty" during the RFE serialization of
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1409:
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1978:
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375:
363:
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783:
661:(a second edition, published in March 1990, contained the transcript of CeauÅescu's trial, which was based on facts presented in
285:
region in the north west of Romania, where he worked in his father's small kitchenware factory. On 1 December 1918, Transylvania
563:
in 2016, the two death sentences remained in effect, and Pacepa "has lived in secret" since his defection. Pacepa died in 2021.
2128:
1472:
Disinformation: former spy chief reveals secret strategies for undermining freedom, attacking religion, and promoting terrorism
1425:
Disinformation: former spy chief reveals secret strategies for undermining freedom, attacking religion, and promoting terrorism
1378:
Disinformation: former spy chief reveals secret strategies for undermining freedom, attacking religion, and promoting terrorism
1170:
Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism
1094:
1014:
Disinformation: Former Spy Chief Reveals Secret Strategies for Undermining Freedom, Attacking Religion, and Promoting Terrorism
263:
1675:"'RFE/RL Will Continue To Be Heard': Carlos the Jackal and The Bombing of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, February 21, 1981"
1479:
1432:
1385:
1177:
1164:
238:, and wrote books and articles on the inner workings of communist intelligence services. His best-known works are the books
2392:
354:'s adviser for industrial and technological development and the deputy chief of the Romanian foreign intelligence service.
2273:
430:, suggested he had been irradiated by the Securitate. She also linked Bernard's death to those of RFE journalists such as
850:
was subsequently instructed to kill Oswald in order to silence him. The work was said to rely heavily on the work of the
552:
305:
113:
2109:
2382:
286:
2337:
1597:
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1120:
657:, were sentenced to death. Pacepa claimed that at the trial most of the accusations came almost word-for-word out of
1832:
1763:
843:
2086:
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were held in cities across the world. Pacepa contends that these protests were contrived and anti-American, which
2387:
1796:
1705:
1678:
1552:
541:
405:
1521:"Cine era bun pentru Televiziunea RomanÄ era bun Či pentru Europa LiberÄ (Interview with Ioana MÄgurÄ-Bernard)"
1199:
903:, Pacepa's belated account "rests rather flimsily on circumstantial evidence and supposition." In a review for
776:
224:
2062:
2397:
1223:
Red Horizons: the 2nd Book. The True Story of Nicolae and Elena CeauÅescu's Crimes, Lifestyle, and Corruption
1126:
Red Horizons: the 2nd Book. The True Story of Nicolae and Elena CeauČescu's Crimes, Lifestyle, and Corruption
1040:
752:
212:
138:
259:
2377:
2332:
425:
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between 1947 and 1951, but just months before graduation, he was drafted by the Securitate and gained his
2342:
2039:
1885:
1194:
836:
270:
812:
789:. Pacepa provides some additional details, such as an alleged plot to kill Mao Zedong with the help of
17:
534:
1242:
1001:. As that generation "had not lived through that history and did not know better, time it worked."
1048:
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offered "no convincing Soviet motive for the assassination." According to author Joseph Goulden in
1047:
assisted. Pacepa wrote during October 2003 that it was "perfectly obvious to me" that the Russian
2347:
2147:
905:
579:
478:
408:, Pacepa explained the reason for defecting: "In 1978 I got the order to organize the killing of
2241:"Nawal El Saadawi (pictured), Brigadier Jack Thomas, President John Magufuli, Ion Mihai Pacepa"
2150:
2097:
1626:
1586:
Red horizons: the true story of Nicolae and Elena CeauČescus' crimes, lifestyle, and corruption
756:
589:
496:
382:
327:
appointed him as head of Romania's new industrial espionage department, the S&T (short for
701:
was subsequently republished in 29 countries, and it was made into a documentary movie by the
331:, meaning "science and technology" in Romanian) of Directorate I. He was the head of Romanian
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980:
768:
702:
584:
240:
324:
2312:
2307:
2200:
2171:
2034:
1277:
1268:
899:
595:
448:
332:
252:
1021:, who studies the history of religion, and which would become his most recognizable work.
672:
On 1 January 1990, the book began being serialized in the new official Romanian newspaper
633:
printed in the U.S. was infiltrated into Communist Romania, and a Mao-style pocketbook of
482:
351:
255:
8:
760:
650:
486:
2286:
1801:
1589:
1497:
1450:
1403:
918:
859:
637:
was illegally printed in Communist Hungary (now a valuable collectorās item). In 1988,
622:
601:
472:
204:
179:
76:
36:
1940:"Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination"
654:
2188:
2001:
1943:
1935:
1897:
1889:
1806:
1603:
1593:
1485:
1475:
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1428:
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984:
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1939:
1343:
1157:
Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination
829:
Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination
909:, Hayden B. Peake called Pacepa's theory an "imaginative story" and "implausible".
744:
386:
336:
516:
set a further $ 1 million each. In the 1980s, Romania's political police enlisted
2292:
2277:
2135:
2116:
2093:
1837:
1833:"Romania's Rebirth: The former Communist state could be a valuable American ally"
1768:
1302:
1189:
1078:
988:
912:
779:
607:
513:
231:
2239:
Producer: Neil George; Interviewed guest: Prof Ronald Rychlak (26 March 2021).
1964:
1728:
1621:
1052:
870:
560:
540:
Carlos was unable to find Pacepa, but on 21 February 1981, he bombed a part of
526:
439:
431:
378:
294:
251:
At the time of his defection, Pacepa simultaneously had the rank of advisor to
1243:"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1977ā1980, Volume XX, Eastern Europe"
2301:
2240:
1893:
1810:
1489:
1442:
1395:
1355:
1204:
992:
964:
922:
874:
666:
509:
452:
220:
151:
1901:
1607:
1328:
1081:, with subtitles. There is also a version completely overdubbed in English.
1973:
1642:
1310:
945:
866:
371:
323:, where he served for two years. In October 1959, Minister of the Interior
320:
315:
In 1957, Pacepa was appointed head of the Romanian intelligence station in
282:
235:
227:
1640:
Regnery, Alfred S. (22 October 2001). "Book Inspired Counter-Revolution".
463:. According to Pacepa, "Radu" was a Romanian name used as a reference to "
281:
Ion Mihai Pacepa's father (born in 1893) was raised in Alba Iulia, in the
48:
2250:
846:, then changed his mind but was unable to stop Oswald. Pacepa wrote that
824:
807:
764:
669:
reportedly called āRed Horizonsā his āBibleā for dealing with dictators.
309:
1307:
CeauČescu and the Securitate: coercion and dissent in Romania, 1965-1989
684:
674:
442:, both of whom also died of cancer. According to Bernard's wife, Noƫl's
2216:[General Ion Mihai Pacepa died of COVID in the United States].
2021:
1700:
1560:
1073:
997:
786:
530:
460:
443:
344:
208:
161:
2245:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1099:
847:
748:
464:
456:
396:
In a letter to his daughter, Dana, published in the French newspaper
316:
301:
290:
216:
72:
1624:(April 1988), "Red Horizons: Chronicles of a Communist Spy Chief",
1090:
960:
790:
573:
399:
1969:"Kennedy Assassination and Soviet KGB Connection Explored in Book"
1857:
935:
711:
508:, and CeauČescu decreed a bounty of US$ 2 million for his death.
340:
504:
During September 1978, Pacepa received two death sentences from
1737:
1044:
968:
621:
In 1987, Pacepa wrote a book published in the United States by
571:
Pacepa was a columnist for the Internet conservative blog site
545:
468:
416:
300:
Born in Bucharest in 1928, Ion Mihai Pacepa studied industrial
2214:"Generalul Ion Mihai Pacepa a murit de COVID Ʈn Statele Unite"
940:
929:
913:
Alleged Soviet role in supporting terrorism in the Middle East
2006:
1097:. His life was discussed on BBC Radio 4's obituary programme
1057:
293:
and worked for the local branch of the American car company
1659:
1061:
987:(who described him as "the greatest man of our time"), and
367:
1721:
794:
1764:"The Kremlin's Killing Ways: A long tradition continues"
374:, where he had been sent by CeauČescu with a message to
2129:
Claims that Pius XII Was Framed Gaining Support, Part 2
974:
In 2012, Pacepa revealed he was writing a book called
234:. He was the highest-ranking defector from the former
2148:
Spontaneous anti-American demonstrations? Think again
1797:"Ion Mihai Pacepa, Key Cold War Defector, Dies at 92"
1733:"The Greatest Spy Speaks About The Threat To America"
1474:. Ronald J. Rychlak. Washington, DC. pp. 28ā29.
1380:. Ronald J. Rychlak. Washington, DC. pp. 23ā25.
203:; 28 October 1928 ā 14 February 2021) was a Romanian
1930:
1928:
1926:
1031:
WMD conjecture in the aftermath of the 2003 Iraq War
738:
471:
which would result in death within months after the
276:
2363:
Researchers of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
1869:Peake, Hayden B. (June 2007). Vaart, Andres (ed.).
835:was recruited as a KGB agent. According to Pacepa,
649:. On 25 December 1989, during the last part of the
2002:"A New Paradigmatic Work on the JFK Assassination"
537:with 1049 bullets, and five hand grenades UZRG-M.
262:, and a parliamentary undersecretary at Romania's
1934:
1923:
1427:. Ronald J. Rychlak. Washington, DC. p. 27.
1113:Red Horizons: Chronicles of a Communist Spy Chief
627:Red Horizons: Chronicles of a Communist Spy Chief
362:Pacepa defected in July 1978 by walking into the
2299:
2193:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2138:. ncregister.com. Retrieved on 16 November 2016.
2119:. ncregister.com. Retrieved on 16 November 2016.
533:pistol serial # 249460 with 1306 bullets, eight
2110:Claims that Pius XII Was Framed Gaining Support
566:
1550:
1060:and that such a plan was being implemented in
1757:
1755:
1701:"Special Feature: The 1981 Bombing of RFE/RL"
1261:
350:From 1972 to 1978, Pacepa was also President
2175:. Archived from the original on 4 April 2005
2161:
2159:
1072:In May 2023 HBO launched a TV series titled
921:, Pacepa wrote that the Soviet Union spread
873:, former adviser for terrorism to President
720:, which has become a bestseller in Romania.
682:), which on that day replaced the Communist
467:", with the intention to lead the target to
397:
2353:People convicted of treason against Romania
1093:on 14 February 2021, at age 92, during the
930:Alleged Soviet campaign against the Vatican
2328:Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
1824:
1752:
1502:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1455:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1408:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1297:
1295:
1267:
865:In a review of Pacepa's book published in
269:Subsequently, he worked with the American
47:
2156:
485:, right, alongside Polish leader General
1301:
939:
856:House Select Committee on Assassinations
806:
477:
289:, and in 1920, Pacepa's father moved to
2368:Romanian emigrants to the United States
2027:
1639:
1551:MÄgurÄ Bernard, Ioana (28 April 2003).
1292:
716:. During 1999, he authored the trilogy
404:in 1980 and broadcast over and over by
14:
2300:
2060:
1999:
1963:
1871:"The Intelligence Officer's Bookshelf"
1830:
1761:
1727:
1620:
1583:
1469:
1422:
1375:
1341:
1095:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
2358:People sentenced to death in absentia
1876:. Intelligence in Public Literature.
1868:
1845:from the original on 14 February 2007
1794:
1657:"The Securitate Arsenal for Carlos".
1579:
1577:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1067:
917:In a 2006 article written during the
800:
198:
2028:Goulden, Joseph (11 November 2007).
1886:Center for the Study of Intelligence
1515:
1513:
2061:Pacepa, Ion Mhai (24 August 2006).
1762:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (8 August 2007).
944:Official photograph of Pius XII by
723:
306:Politehnica University of Bucharest
114:Politehnica University of Bucharest
24:
1831:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (27 July 2006).
1776:from the original on 8 August 2007
1574:
1539:
1146:, Editura Omega, Bucharest, 1999.
1106:
25:
2409:
2323:Military personnel from Bucharest
2318:Romanian people of Slovak descent
2267:
2087:"Moscow's Assault on the Vatican"
2038:. Washington, D.C. Archived from
1553:"Europa LiberÄ ā dosar incomplet"
1510:
1342:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (2 June 2009).
1004:
739:Alleged assassinations by the KGB
277:Activity in Romanian intelligence
2167:"Ex-spy fingers Russians on WMD"
844:assassination of John F. Kennedy
718:The Black Book of the Securitate
144:
131:
2232:
2220:(in Romanian). 15 February 2021
2206:
2141:
2122:
2103:
2080:
2054:
1993:
1957:
1788:
1706:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1693:
1679:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1667:
1650:
1633:
1614:
1273:"Red past in Romania's present"
1024:
1017:co-authored with law professor
614:
434:(stabbed to death), as well as
230:'s approval of his request for
2373:Defectors to the United States
2030:"The art of conspiracy theory"
1527:(in Romanian). 12 January 2001
1463:
1416:
1369:
1344:"What I Learned as a Car Czar"
1335:
1235:
1216:
1200:List of Eastern Bloc defectors
1077:English, German, Russian, and
708:During 1993, Pacepa published
13:
1:
2000:Weeber, Stan (October 2009).
1795:Risen, Clay (16 March 2021).
1210:
949:
577:. He also wrote articles for
415:Noƫl Bernard died in 1981 of
213:Socialist Republic of Romania
200:[iĖonmiĖhajpaĖtĶ”Źepa]
2293:Red Horizons on Google Books
629:. A Romanian translation of
567:Writings and political views
357:
260:foreign intelligence service
27:Romanian general (1928ā2021)
7:
2393:The Washington Times people
1195:List of conspiracy theories
1183:
1144:Cartea neagrÄ a SecuritÄČii
381:. He was flown secretly to
271:Central Intelligence Agency
211:, the secret police of the
10:
2414:
1584:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (1990).
1470:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (2013).
1423:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (2013).
1376:Pacepa, Ion Mihai (2013).
1028:
1011:In 2013, Pacepa published
933:
653:, CeauČescu and his wife,
2383:FrontPage Magazine people
185:
175:
167:
157:
126:
119:
109:
99:
83:
58:
46:
34:
2338:Romanian anti-communists
1249:. US Department of State
1139:The Kremlin Legacy, 1993
1084:
827:published Pacepa's book
1884:(2). Washington, D.C.:
1878:Studies in Intelligence
1041:anti-war demonstrations
1039:. In opposition, large
906:Studies in Intelligence
599:, the online newspaper
580:The Wall Street Journal
553:Romania's Supreme Court
223:in July 1978 following
196:Romanian pronunciation:
2388:National Review people
2278:National Review Online
2151:National Review Online
2134:22 August 2012 at the
2098:National Review Online
1838:National Review Online
1769:National Review Online
1627:The American Spectator
955:
820:
757:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
590:National Review Online
587:publications, such as
497:The American Spectator
490:
398:
383:Andrews Air Force Base
258:, acting chief of his
2249:. 20:08 minutes in.
2115:7 August 2020 at the
2092:23 April 2021 at the
1269:Borchgrave, Arnaud de
1037:2003 invasion of Iraq
1035:Pacepa supported the
943:
881:, Stan Weeber called
810:
769:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
767:from Czechoslovakia;
585:American conservative
481:
389:, in a United States
329:ČtiinČÄ Či Tehnologie
2398:WorldNetDaily people
2201:The Washington Times
2172:The Washington Times
2063:"Russian Footprints"
2035:The Washington Times
1967:(28 December 2007).
1731:(4 September 2016).
1592:. pp. 145ā146.
1588:. Washington, D.C.:
1313:. pp. 322ā323.
1278:The Washington Times
900:The Washington Times
771:, the Shah of Iran;
596:The Washington Times
421:Ioana MÄgurÄ Bernard
333:industrial espionage
264:Ministry of Interior
2378:American columnists
2333:Securitate generals
2042:on 20 November 2007
1348:Wall Street Journal
1271:(14 January 2004).
753:LucreČiu PÄtrÄČcanu
651:Romanian Revolution
544:'s headquarters in
487:Wojciech Jaruzelski
459:and critics by the
449:radiological weapon
287:united with Romania
158:Service branch
2343:Romanian defectors
1981:on 24 October 2016
1802:The New York Times
1068:In popular culture
956:
919:Second Lebanon War
895:Programmed to Kill
883:Programmed to Kill
860:Edward Jay Epstein
821:
802:Programmed to Kill
641:was serialized on
602:FrontPage Magazine
491:
325:Alexandru DrÄghici
205:lieutenant general
180:Lieutenant General
168:Service years
121:Espionage activity
37:Lieutenant General
2100:, 25 January 2007
1944:Publishers Weekly
1936:Publishers Weekly
1481:978-1-936488-60-5
1434:978-1-936488-60-5
1387:978-1-936488-60-5
1247:history.state.gov
1178:978-1-93648-860-5
1165:978-1-56663-761-9
1089:Pacepa died from
1019:Ronald J. Rychlak
985:Winston Churchill
967:as a coldhearted
890:Publishers Weekly
852:Warren Commission
840:Nikita Khrushchev
833:Lee Harvey Oswald
817:Lee Harvey Oswald
793:organized by the
773:Palmiro Togliatti
643:Radio Free Europe
542:Radio Free Europe
523:plastic explosive
518:Carlos the Jackal
506:Communist Romania
483:Nicolae CeauČescu
455:was used against
406:Radio Free Europe
391:military aircraft
352:Nicolae CeauČescu
256:Nicolae CeauČescu
189:
188:
16:(Redirected from
2405:
2283:Ion Mihai Pacepa
2274:Ion Mihai Pacepa
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2210:
2204:
2203:, 2 October 2003
2198:
2192:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2163:
2154:
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2126:
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2101:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1977:. Archived from
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1938:(25 June 2007).
1932:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1904:. Archived from
1875:
1866:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1792:
1786:
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1749:
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1697:
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1671:
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1612:
1611:
1581:
1572:
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1569:
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1517:
1508:
1507:
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1493:
1467:
1461:
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1454:
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1420:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1399:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1309:. Armonk, N.Y.:
1303:Deletant, Dennis
1299:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1220:
963:, by portraying
954:
951:
732:Looming Disaster
725:Looming Disaster
692:). In its lead,
551:On 7 July 1999,
535:Stechkin pistols
429:
403:
387:Washington, D.C.
232:political asylum
202:
197:
192:Ion Mihai Pacepa
150:
148:
147:
137:
135:
134:
90:
87:14 February 2021
68:
66:
51:
41:Ion Mihai Pacepa
32:
31:
21:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2298:
2297:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2176:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2146:
2142:
2136:Wayback Machine
2127:
2123:
2117:Wayback Machine
2108:
2104:
2094:Wayback Machine
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2067:National Review
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1965:Ledeen, Michael
1962:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1933:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1873:
1867:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1760:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1729:Leeden, Michael
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1681:. 14 April 2020
1673:
1672:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1638:
1634:
1622:Ledeen, Michael
1619:
1615:
1600:
1590:Regnery Gateway
1582:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1559:(in Romanian).
1549:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1468:
1464:
1448:
1447:
1435:
1421:
1417:
1401:
1400:
1388:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1340:
1336:
1321:
1300:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1190:Active measures
1186:
1109:
1107:Published books
1087:
1079:Egyptian Arabic
1070:
1033:
1027:
1009:
989:Albert Einstein
952:
938:
932:
915:
805:
780:John F. Kennedy
741:
728:
623:Regnery Gateway
619:
608:World Net Daily
569:
527:submachine guns
514:Muammar Gaddafi
423:
360:
337:microelectronic
279:
195:
145:
143:
142:
132:
130:
110:Alma mater
104:
95:
92:
88:
79:
70:
69:28 October 1928
64:
62:
54:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2411:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2348:Cold War spies
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2296:
2295:
2289:
2287:OpinionJournal
2280:
2269:
2268:External links
2266:
2264:
2263:
2231:
2218:realitatea.net
2205:
2155:
2140:
2121:
2102:
2079:
2053:
2020:
1992:
1956:
1922:
1911:on 8 July 2008
1856:
1823:
1787:
1751:
1720:
1709:. 9 April 2008
1692:
1666:
1649:
1632:
1613:
1598:
1573:
1538:
1509:
1480:
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1433:
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1386:
1368:
1334:
1319:
1291:
1260:
1234:
1214:
1212:
1209:
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1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1141:
1136:
1123:
1108:
1105:
1086:
1083:
1069:
1066:
1053:Saddam Hussein
1051:agency helped
1029:Main article:
1026:
1023:
1008:
1006:Disinformation
1003:
976:Disinformation
971:sympathizer."
934:Main article:
931:
928:
914:
911:
871:Michael Ledeen
837:Soviet Premier
804:
799:
761:Rudolf SlĆ”nskĆ½
759:from Romania;
751:from Hungary;
740:
737:
727:
722:
618:
613:
568:
565:
561:Michael Ledeen
525:EPP/88, seven
440:Vlad Georgescu
436:Emil Georgescu
432:Cornel Chiriac
379:Helmut Schmidt
359:
356:
295:General Motors
278:
275:
241:Disinformation
187:
186:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
128:
124:
123:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
93:
91:(aged 92)
85:
81:
80:
71:
60:
56:
55:
53:Pacepa in 1975
52:
44:
43:
40:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2410:
2399:
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2271:
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2247:
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2235:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2153:18 March 2003
2152:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2024:
2009:
2008:
2007:H-Net Reviews
2003:
1996:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1907:
1903:
1899:
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1891:
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1844:
1840:
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1834:
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1798:
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1775:
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1696:
1680:
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1653:
1645:
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1636:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1599:0-89526-746-2
1595:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1491:
1487:
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1477:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1320:1-56324-633-3
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1280:
1279:
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1270:
1264:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1231:0-89526-746-2
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1205:Radu (weapon)
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:973-98745-4-1
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:0-89526-746-2
1131:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:0-89526-570-2
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1002:
1000:
999:
995:'s 1963 play
994:
993:Rolf Hochhuth
990:
986:
982:
977:
972:
970:
966:
965:Pope Pius XII
962:
947:
942:
937:
927:
924:
920:
910:
908:
907:
902:
901:
896:
892:
891:
886:
884:
880:
879:H-Net Reviews
876:
875:Ronald Reagan
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
838:
834:
830:
826:
818:
814:
809:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
785:
781:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
736:
733:
726:
721:
719:
715:
713:
706:
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
686:
681:
677:
676:
670:
668:
667:Ronald Reagan
665:). President
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
617:
612:
610:
609:
604:
603:
598:
597:
592:
591:
586:
582:
581:
576:
575:
564:
562:
559:According to
557:
554:
549:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
515:
511:
510:Yasser Arafat
507:
502:
499:
498:
488:
484:
480:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
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427:
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407:
402:
401:
394:
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388:
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355:
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334:
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298:
296:
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284:
274:
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267:
265:
261:
257:
254:
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247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
229:
226:
222:
221:United States
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
193:
184:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
160:
156:
153:
152:United States
140:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
102:
98:
94:United States
86:
82:
78:
74:
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2254:. Retrieved
2244:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2217:
2208:
2177:. Retrieved
2170:
2143:
2124:
2105:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2056:
2046:11 September
2044:. Retrieved
2040:the original
2033:
2023:
2011:. Retrieved
2005:
1995:
1983:. Retrieved
1979:the original
1974:Human Events
1972:
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1913:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1881:
1877:
1847:. Retrieved
1836:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1800:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1767:
1742:. Retrieved
1736:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1704:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1669:
1658:
1652:
1643:Human Events
1641:
1635:
1625:
1616:
1585:
1564:. Retrieved
1557:revista22.ro
1556:
1529:. Retrieved
1524:
1471:
1465:
1424:
1418:
1377:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1347:
1337:
1311:M. E. Sharpe
1306:
1282:. Retrieved
1276:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1246:
1237:
1222:
1218:
1169:
1156:
1143:
1138:
1125:
1112:
1098:
1088:
1071:
1034:
1025:Iraq and WMD
1012:
1010:
1005:
996:
975:
973:
957:
946:Yousuf Karsh
923:anti-Semitic
916:
904:
898:
894:
888:
887:
882:
878:
867:Human Events
864:
842:ordered the
831:that argues
828:
822:
815:portrait of
801:
784:CCP Chairman
777:US President
775:from Italy;
742:
731:
729:
724:
717:
709:
707:
703:Hungarian TV
699:Red Horizons
698:
693:
689:
683:
679:
673:
671:
663:Red Horizons
662:
659:Red Horizons
658:
647:Red Horizons
646:
639:Red Horizons
638:
635:Red Horizons
634:
631:Red Horizons
630:
626:
620:
616:Red Horizons
615:
606:
600:
594:
588:
578:
572:
570:
558:
550:
539:
503:
495:
492:
419:; his wife,
414:
410:Noƫl Bernard
395:
372:West Germany
361:
349:
347:industries.
328:
321:West Germany
314:
299:
283:Transylvania
280:
268:
250:
246:Red Horizons
245:
239:
236:Eastern Bloc
228:Jimmy Carter
191:
190:
120:
89:(2021-02-14)
29:
2313:2021 deaths
2308:1928 births
2251:BBC Radio 4
2224:15 February
2072:16 November
2013:16 November
1985:16 November
1525:adevarul.ro
1253:12 February
953: 1945
825:Ivan R. Dee
765:Jan Masaryk
745:LĆ”szlĆ³ Rajk
424: [
310:engineering
100:Citizenship
2302:Categories
1816:5 December
1713:5 December
1685:5 December
1561:Revista 22
1211:References
1074:Spy/Master
998:The Deputy
787:Mao Zedong
531:Walther PP
461:Securitate
457:dissenters
444:Securitate
376:Chancellor
364:US Embassy
345:antibiotic
209:Securitate
162:Securitate
141:(defected)
127:Allegiance
65:1928-10-28
18:Ion Pacepa
2246:Last Word
1915:4 October
1894:1527-0874
1888:: 88ā89.
1811:0362-4331
1744:31 August
1498:cite book
1490:826293965
1451:cite book
1443:826293965
1404:cite book
1396:826293965
1356:0099-9660
1100:Last Word
981:Roosevelt
848:Jack Ruby
823:In 2007,
811:Official
749:Imre Nagy
730:The book
714:'s Legacy
690:The Spark
680:The Truth
465:radiation
358:Defection
317:Frankfurt
302:chemistry
291:Bucharest
253:President
225:President
171:1951ā1978
73:Bucharest
2291:E-book:
2256:28 March
2189:cite web
2179:12 April
2132:Archived
2113:Archived
2090:Archived
1902:30965384
1843:Archived
1774:Archived
1608:21980052
1329:32739082
1305:(1995).
1225:, 1990.
1184:See also
1172:, 2013.
1159:, 2007.
1128:, 1990.
1115:, 1987.
1091:COVID-19
791:Lin Biao
694:AdevÄrul
685:ScƮnteia
675:AdevÄrul
574:PJ Media
473:exposure
400:Le Monde
217:defected
105:American
103:Romanian
1949:20 July
1849:20 June
1780:20 June
1663:. 2004.
1566:20 June
1531:20 June
1361:20 June
1284:20 June
961:Vatican
936:Seat 12
712:Kremlin
489:, 1980s
341:polymer
304:at the
219:to the
207:in the
139:Romania
77:Romania
1900:
1892:
1809:
1738:Forbes
1606:
1596:
1488:
1478:
1441:
1431:
1394:
1384:
1354:
1327:
1317:
1229:
1176:
1163:
1150:
1132:
1119:
1045:Russia
858:, and
854:, the
819:, 1956
782:; and
605:, and
546:Munich
529:, one
469:cancer
451:named
417:cancer
343:, and
215:, who
149:
136:
1909:(PDF)
1874:(PDF)
1085:Death
1058:Libya
655:Elena
428:]
385:near
2258:2021
2226:2021
2195:link
2181:2017
2074:2016
2048:2007
2015:2016
1987:2016
1951:2015
1917:2017
1898:OCLC
1890:ISSN
1851:2021
1818:2021
1807:ISSN
1782:2021
1746:2017
1715:2021
1687:2021
1660:Ziua
1604:OCLC
1594:ISBN
1568:2021
1533:2021
1504:link
1486:OCLC
1476:ISBN
1457:link
1439:OCLC
1429:ISBN
1410:link
1392:OCLC
1382:ISBN
1363:2021
1352:ISSN
1325:OCLC
1315:ISBN
1286:2021
1255:2024
1227:ISBN
1174:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1148:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1117:ISBN
1062:Iraq
969:Nazi
813:USMC
763:and
755:and
747:and
710:The
583:and
512:and
453:Radu
438:and
368:Bonn
244:and
176:Rank
84:Died
59:Born
2285:at
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