Integral theory - Knowledge

383:, stage theories of psychological development, and Gebser's theory of collective mutations of consciousness), human development follows a set course, from pre-personal infant development, to personal adult development, culminating in trans-personal spiritual development. In Wilber's model, development starts with the separation of individual consciousness from a transcendental reality. The whole course of human development aims at reconnecting spirit to itself through developing a transcendental consciousness that passes through and then dis-identifies from a mature adult ego. The pre-personal and personal stages are taken from western structural stage theories, which are correlated with other stage theories. In his early work he posited four stages of properly spiritual development, going from the psychic to the subtle to the causal to the nondual (the last of which according to Wilber is not properly conceived of as a stage, but as the essence of all stages). This model has a broad resonance with many Eastern models of spiritual development, particularly those found in the 1042:, Wilber created the AQAL "altitudes" through which different lines of development move. The first eight of these "altitudes" parallel Spiral Dynamics, but the new concept was argued to create a more comprehensive, integrated system. By 2006, Wilber and Beck had diverged in their interpretations of the Spiral Dynamics model, with Beck positioning the spiral of levels at the center of the quadrants, while Wilber placed it solely in the lower left quadrant (e.g., the collective-intersubjective quadrant that relates to a culture's interpersonal values and beliefs). Beck saw Wilber's modifications as distortions of the model, and expressed frustration with what he saw as Wilber's undue emphasis on spirituality, while Wilber declared Spiral Dynamics to be incomplete, as those who study only Spiral Dynamics "will never have a satori" (e.g., a high spiritual state experience). Beck continued to use the SDi name along with the 4Q/8L (four quadrants/eight levels) system from 1071:- which may progress unevenly in a given person or a given group. That is, different lines can be, and often are, at different levels or altitudes at the same time. "States" are states of consciousness. According to Wilber persons (and, in a somewhat different way, cultures and collectives) may go through a wide variety of states. These can include higher spiritual states, as well as states of depression or anxiety, as well as psychologically regressive states that are holdovers from earlier stages of development. "Types" is a category meant to describe idiosyncratic styles or emphases that one might bring to any of these other elements. For example, a certain culture might bring a particular style or emphasis to the actualization of a specific stage or state, i.e., the experience of higher spiritual states within Zen Buddhism might be colored by Japanese cultural norms, while the higher states experienced by a Hindu might be colored by the philosophy of 2047:, included a criticism of the AQAL model as overly hierarchical and culturally biased, arguing for a more pluralistic understanding of the world's spiritual traditions. The book received positive reviews for presenting fundamental new developments in transpersonal psychology. According to Gregg Lahood and Edward Dale it was representative for the changes in transpersonal psychology, after the initial east-west synthesis and Wilber's neo-Perennial hierarchical models. Wilber responded strongly to the criticisms in an interview, and criticized Ferrer's book in a short statement as being exemplary of the 'green mean meme', a rhetorical term jointly coined by Wilber and Don Beck that criticizes what they saw as the tendency for post-modern (i.e., green) thinkers to be aggressive, judgmental, and implicitly hierarchical while explicitly claiming to be caring, sensitive, and non-hierarchical. Ferrer in turn rejected Wilber's criticism. 414:, creating a framework which he calls AQAL, which is shorthand for "All Quadrants All Levels All Lines All States All Types." In this, Wilber's older frameworks are primarily reworked using what Wilber calls the four quadrant model. This model divides views of reality into the individual-subjective (upper left), the individual-objective (upper right), the collective-intersubjective (lower left) and the collective-interobjective (lower right) quadrants. This model can then be used to contextualize and comprehend differing views on individual development, collective evolution of consciousness, and levels or 5040: 2896: 3260: 3164: 2673: 1064:. This includes the four quadrant model, levels of development, lines of development, states of consciousness, as well as the notion of types. In this schema the four quadrant model is foundational, and the remaining four elements are then added to flesh out topics more fully. According to Wilber, the AQAL model is one of the most comprehensive approaches to reality, a metatheory in which all academic disciplines and every form of knowledge and experience fit together coherently. 2130: 1109: 52: 1312:

culture understands and conceptualizes a tragedy and how to cope with it offers an additional perspective; and a lower-right analysis of how society is set up to practically respond to tragedies (i.e., through systemic interventions or reparative measures) offers yet another viewpoint. According to Wilber all are needed for real appreciation of a matter.

1336:, which signifies that God (or spirit) is both present as the manifest universe but also transcends it. Wilber argues this is the "ultimate" truth or nature of life. According to Wilber, the AQAL categories—quadrants, lines, levels, states, and types—describe the relative truths we encounter at previous stages and states. 1986:

mainstream academic institutions, as well as sharply contested by critics. The independent scholar Frank Visser argued there is a problematic relation between Wilber and academia for several reasons, including a "self-referential discourse" wherein Wilber tends to describe his work as being at the forefront of science.

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consciousness suggested by Gebser or through the collective value memes as offered by Spiral Dynamics. The right side of the model describes, among other things, levels of neurological functioning and societal organization. Wilber uses this quadrant diagram to categorize the perspectives of various theories and scholars:

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Wilber modern Western society has a pathological focus on the exterior or objective perspective. Such perspectives value that which can be externally measured and tested in a laboratory, but tend to deny or marginalize subjectivity, individual experience, feelings, and values (the left-hand quadrants) as

686:, stages have a constant order of succession, later stages integrate the achievements of earlier stages, and each is characterized by a particular type of structure of mental processes which is specific to it. The time of appearance may vary to a certain extent depending upon environmental conditions. 2076:

in 1995. Some individuals affiliated with Ken Wilber have said that there exists a loosely defined "Integral movement". Others, however, have disagreed. Whatever its status as a "movement", there are a variety of religious organizations, think tanks, conferences, workshops, and publications in the US

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Forman and Esbjörn-Hargens responded directly in 2008 to criticisms by Frank Visser regarding the acceptance of Wilber's work in the academic world by criticizing Visser's often critical website, noting it lacks peer review, resulting in an un-academic presentation of critiques of Wilber's work. They

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Wilber and Beck put a strong emphasis on the distinctions between the 1st tier (Green and earlier) vs 2nd tier (Yellow and later) levels, associating integral thinking with the 2nd tier. They developed the concept of the "Mean Green Meme" (MGM) regarding the Green level of Spiral Dynamics, which they

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As per 2010, integral theory had found its primary audience within certain subcultures, with only limited engagement from the broader academic community, though a number of dissertations have used integral theories as their theoretical foundation, in addition to ca. 150 publications on the topic. The

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The altitudes use a color system based on rainbow correlations with chakras, replacing the spiraling alternation of warm and cool colors that is a fundamental property in SDi with a linear progression. In place of the six-levels-per-tier structure of SDi, Wilber truncates the 2nd tier after only two

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Cowan and his business partner Natasha Todorovic disagreed with this view, leading Todorovic to publish a paper refuting it based on psychological trait mapping research. Todorovic charged that when the Mean Green Meme concept is used to criticize a person making an argument, it "usurps arguments by

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In the advancement of his framework, Wilber introduced the AQAL (All Quadrants All Levels) model in 1995, which further expanded the theory through a four-quadrant grid (interior-exterior and individual-collective). This grid integrates theories and ideas detailing the individual's psychological and

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as pre-figuring Wilber as integral thinkers. Gary Hampson (2007) suggested that there are six intertwined genealogical branches of Integral, based on those who first used the term: those aligned with Aurobindo, Gebser, Wilber, Gangadean, László and Steiner (noting that the Steiner branch is via the

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is both an entity on its own, and a hierarchical part of a larger whole. For example, a cell in an organism is both a whole as a cell, and at the same time a part of another whole, the organism. Likewise a letter is a self-existing entity and simultaneously an integral part of a word, which then is

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Each of the four approaches has a valid perspective to offer. The upper-left subjective emotional pain of a person who suffers a tragedy is one perspective; the upper-right objective neurological reaction of the brain during and after a tragedy offers an additional perspective; the lower-left way a

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Ken and I asked: How do we uncap GREEN? How do we keep it moving? Because so much of it has become a stagnant pond, in our view. So we said, let's invent the Mean Green Meme. Let's shame it a bit. Let's hold up a mirror and show it what it's doing, with the hope that it will separate the Mean Green

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Note that while Visser shows two Spiral Dynamics colors above Coral, these are not present in Beck or Cowan's publications, and Cowan explicitly states that "no colors have been assigned for nodal systems beyond Turquoise and Coral. Teal and Aubergine are candidates, but Azure and Plum also have a

2028:, a proponent of humanistic-existential psychology, critiqued Transpersonal Psychology and Ken Wilber in the late 1980s in the Journal of Humanistic Psychology, for its spiritually absolutist tendencies, which he argued ignore human fallibility, a critique to which Wilber was invited to respond. 1315:

According to Wilber, all four perspectives offer complementary, rather than contradictory, perspectives. It is possible for all to be "correct," and all are necessary for a complete account of human existence. According to Wilber, each by itself offers only a partial view of reality. According to

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has a four-quadrant grid with two axes, specifically the "interior-exterior" axes, akin to the subjective-objective distinction, and "individual-collective" axes. The left side of the model (interior) mirrors the individual development from structural stage theory, and the collective mutations of

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To these stages are added psychic and supernatural experiences and various models of spiritual development, presented as additional and higher stages of structural development. According to Wilber, these stages can be grouped in pre-personal (subconscious motivations), personal (conscious mental

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States are temporary states of consciousness, such as waking, dreaming and sleeping, bodily sensations, and drug-induced and meditation-induced states. Some states are interpreted as temporary intimations of higher stages of development. Wilber's formulation is: "States are free, structures are

1950:, Wilber outlines twenty fundamental properties, called "tenets", that characterize all holons. For example, they must be able to maintain their "wholeness" and also their "part-ness;" a holon that cannot maintain its wholeness will cease to exist and will break up into its constituent parts. 2035:

which compiled written, critical exchanges between Wilber and over ten of his critics. Among the critics was Michael Washburn, who previously engaged Wilber in an argument about the nature of spiritual development, with Washburn seeing it as a u-turn to the Dynamic Ground also experienced in

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Andrew P. Smith, writing in 2004, notices that Wilber, though probably widely known, is mostly ignored and hardly criticised by "conventional scholars," likely because Wilber's work is not peer-reviewed. According to Zimmerman in 2005, integral theory is irrelevant in, and widely ignored at

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The notion of states find additional clarification in the formulation called the Wilber-Combs lattice, which argues that states are experienced and are immediately interpreted by the level or main structure of consciousness operating in the person. In this way, relatively high states can be

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or "the simple feeling of being," which is equated with a range of "ultimates" that are recorded and sought in a variety of Eastern and Western esoteric spiritual traditions. This nondual awareness transcends and includes the phenomenal world, which is understood to be only an emanation or

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A long standing critic of Wilber's is former fan Frank Visser, who published a biography of Ken Wilber and his work. Visser also has dedicated a website to Wilber's work, including critical essays by himself and others. and a bibliography of online criticism of Wilber's Integral Theory.

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and CIIS as an indication of the emergence of a integral movement. Esbjörn-Hargens (2010) argued that integral theory was making inroads in the academics, both in terms of the number of academics interested in the theory as well as through its use in a number of doctoral dissertations.

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Types are models and theories that do not fit into Wilber's other categorizations. Wilber makes types part of his model in order to point out that these distinctions are different from the already mentioned distinctions: quadrants, lines, levels and states. They are styles, emphases, or

1802:(integrative and mystical structures) stages. All of these mental structures are considered to be complementary and legitimate, rather than mutual exclusive. Wilber's equates the levels in psychological and cultural development, with the hierarchical nature of matter itself. 355:

he intended to organize and integrate pre-existing theories themselves, doing so in a clear and systematic way. A synthetic metatheory "classifies whole theories according to some overarching typology." Wilber's metatheory started in the 1970s, with the publication of

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and Sean Esbjörn-Hargens have applied Wilber's integral theory in their environmental studies and ecological research, calling it "integral ecology". Marilyn Hamilton used the term "integral city", describing the city as a living human system, using an integral lens.

1982:, but support for Wilber "even in transpersonal circles" had waned by the early 1990s. In 2002 Wilber stated that he had long since stopped identifying himself with the transpersonal field, citing what he found to be deep and irreconcilable confusions in the field. 1094:

In order for an account of the Kosmos to be complete, Wilber believes that it must include each of these five categories. For Wilber, only such an account can be accurately called "integral," describing AQAL as "one suggested architecture of the Kosmos."

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published twelve books in their "SUNY series in Integral Theory" in the early 2010s. A select group of the white papers submitted for the 2008 integral conference were edited and compiled by Esbjörn-Hargens and published in 2010 in the SUNY series as

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This too is at odds with structural stage theory, but in line with Wilber's philosophical idealism, which sees the phenomenal world as a concretisation, or immanation, of a "higher," transcendental reality, which can be "realized" in "religious

2252:(2014) by Frederick Laloux examines the topic of organizational developmental from an Integral and Spiral Dynamics perspective, with a foreword by Wilber. Elza Maalouf used the AQAL-model in her corporate consulting work in the Middle East. 1026:

Meme from legitimate healthy GREEN. Let's expose enough people to the duplicity and artificiality and self-serving nature of their own belief systems around political correctness to finally get the word out that there's something beyond that.

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can provide the basis of an "adequate phenomenology" useful in integral research. His proposed approach is intended to offer a more inclusive and coherent approach than classical phenomenology, including procedures and techniques called

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or earn structure; it cannot be peak-experienced for free. What can be peak-experienced, however, are higher states of freedom from the stage a person is habituated to, so these deeper or higher states can be experienced at any level.

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interpretations that influence a person's or a culture's perspectives, but that are non-hierarchical and non-normative. No type is in-and-of-itself better than another. Examples includes masculine/feminine typologies, the nine

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of neurological functioning and societal organization more clearly, ultimately integrating them into a single metatheory in which all academic disciplines and every form of knowledge and experience are argued to fit together.

620:, and correlated by Wilber with his transpersonal stages. Aurobindo focuses on spiritual development and the process of unifying of all parts of one's being with the Divine. As described by Sri Aurobindo and his co-worker 2454:

levels, adding a 3rd tier of his four levels of transpersonal development, derived from the work of Sri Aurobindo and other spiritual traditions. Wilber further elaborated on this expanded and recolored system in 2017's

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A major, specific criticism of Visser's is that Wilber misunderstands Darwinian evolutionary theory, and erroneously posits a role for "spirit" in the evolution of both subjective and objective realities. According to

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aiming to unify a broad spectrum of Western theories and models and Eastern meditative traditions within a singular conceptual framework. The original basis, which dates to the 1970s, is the concept of a "spectrum of

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or sheaths, and three types of being (outer being, inner being, psychic being). The psychic being refers to the higher reaches of mind (higher mind, illuminated mind, intuition, overmind). It correlates with

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can be looked at in this way. The relation between individuals and society is not the same as between cells and organisms though, because individual holons can be members but not parts of social holons.

1075:. Types are considered non-hierarchical and non-normative, whereas other features of Levels and Lines and States can be understood hierarchically. The individual building blocks of Wilber's model are 2344:(2016), applying the "integrative metatheories" of Morin, Wilber and Baskar to " a ‘new axial vision’ for the twenty-first century," was also "informed, broadened and deepened" by these conferences. 1889:'s psychological typologies. All types are considered potentially valid, though Wilber also argued the evidence for types is somewhat less persuasive than the four other elements of AQAL theory. 330:

has published twelve books under the "SUNY series in Integral Theory" in the early 2010s, and a number of texts applying integral theory to various topics have been released by other publishers.

2017:(1998), Wilber has mostly ignored criticisms of his work. In 2006 Wilber created a great deal of controversy when he argued in a derisive tone that many of the critiques he received were simply 318:

in neurological functioning and societal organization. Integral theory aims to be a universal metatheory in which all academic disciplines, forms of knowledge, and experiences cohesively align.

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also said that presenters at the first academic integral theory conference in 2008 had largely mainstream academic credentials, and pointed to existing programs in the alternative universities

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or trained states: performance enhancement techniques in sports therapy; meditative training which work on calming, relaxation, equanimity states; and mental imaging and visualization such as

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and also failed to understand his model. It was argued this essay "insulted his critics, degrading and dismissing them by basically stating that he was smarter than everybody else."

1060:(1995), Wilber introduced his AQAL (All Quadrants All Levels All Lines All States All Types) metatheory, a framework which consists of five fundamental concepts, sometimes called 1763:

The basis of Wilber's theory is his developmental model. Wilber's model follows the discrete structural stages of development, as described in the structural stage theories of

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The integral yoga of Sri Aurobindo describes five levels of being (physical; vital; mind or mental being; the higher reaches of mind or psychic being; Supermind), akin to the

1301:(upper-right) describes the physical (neurological) correlates of consciousness, from atoms through the nerve-system to the neo-cortex, focusing on observable behavior, "it"; 1067:"Levels" are the generalized stages of development, from pre-personal through personal to transpersonal. "Lines" are specific domains of development - akin to the concept of 4615: 1031:

undermining an individual before the debate has begun." After his collaboration with Cowan ended, Beck announced his own version of Spiral Dynamics, namely "Spiral Dynamics

2241:(2013) by Gilles Herrada utilized an Integral framework to examine the topic of same-sex love and relationships from a biological, social, and symbolic/mythic perspective. 3508:

MacDonald, D.A.; Friedman, H.L. (January 29, 2020). "Growing Up and Waking Up: A Conversation With Ken Wilber About Leaving Transpersonal to Form Integral Psychology".

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can be seen from within (subjective, interior perspective) and from the outside (objective, exterior perspective), and from an individual or a collective perspective.

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Wendelin Küpers, a German scholar specializing in phenomenological research, has proposed that an "integral pheno-practice" based on aspects of the work of

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Besides psychology and psychotherapy, Wilber's ideas have also found applicability in consultancy and management, most notably Don Beck's and Wilber's

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childhood but lost in maturity, giving way to ego-transcendence, and Wilber seeing it as a novel understanding only emerging after adult development.

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This interpretation is at odds with structural stage theory, which posits an overall follow-up of stages, instead of variations over several domains.

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notes that Wilber treated Graves "as a respected predecessor, though typically as only one among a group of recent, relevant developmental thinkers."

994: 3771: 1324:. Wilber identifies this as a fundamental cause of modern society's malaise, and names the situation resulting from such perspectives "flatland". 4646: 3203: 2495: 1791: 2979: 1307:(lower-right) describes the organizational levels of society (i.e. a plurality of people) as functional entities seen from outside, e.g. "they." 5865: 4055: 3758: 2007:

While receiving attention in publications on humanistic and transpersonal psychology in the 1980s and early 1990s, since the publication of

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in 1995 Wilber's work has mostly been discussed in alternative and non-academic fora and websites. While responding to criticisms in

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Maalouf, E. 2014 "Emerge! The Rise of Functional Democracy and the Future of the Middle East" SelectBooks, Inc. 978-1-59079-286-5.

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Esbjörn-Hargens later expanded his interest in new approaches to meta-theorizing into engagements with French complexity theorist

1035:" (SDi) at the very end of 2001, while Cowan and his business partner Natasha Todorovic stayed closer to Graves' original model. 1289:(upper-left quadrant) describes individual psychological development, as described in structural stage theory, focusing on "I"; 3974:

Zimmerman, M. (2005). "Integral Ecology: A Perspectival, Developmental, and Coordinating Approach to Environmental Problems."

2340:(2015), which "examines the points of connection and divergence between critical realism and integral theory." P. Marshall's 2332:. A multi-year exchange took place at multiple symposia between a group of integral theorists and a group versed in Bhaskar's 2194: 5405: 5275: 5253: 5234: 5003: 4921: 4604: 4585: 4527: 4424: 4378: 4355: 4328: 4305: 4197: 3350: 3191: 2619:: "he whole idea of the “Mean Green Meme” is a rhetorical strategy let’s invent the Mean Green Meme: Let’s shame it a bit." 2166: 4471: 2353: 2537:

states such as bodily sensations, emotions, mental ideas, memories, or inspirations, or from exterior sources such as our

1001:, when he introduced his quadrant model, and began to incorporate Spiral Dynamics in the "Integral Psychology" section of 4068: 2336:, which included Bhaskar himself. The details of the meetings and its participants are recounted in a joint publication 1119: 62: 5009: 4734: 4715: 4696: 4566: 4160: 4107: 3950: 3925: 3709: 3684: 3659: 3435: 3426: 3367: 2604:

or peak states: unintentional or unexpected shifts of awareness from gross to subtle or causal states of consciousness.

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over time, and that these stages can be described based on their distinguishing characteristics. In Piaget's theory of

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Esbjörn-Hargens, S. & Zimmerman, M. E. (2008). "Integral Ecology" Callicott, J. B. & Frodeman, R. (Eds.)

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Wilber's work began to draw attention from people interested in 'integral thinking' following the completion of

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Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2008). "Integral Ecological Research: Using IMP to Examine Animals and Sustainability" in

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According to these early presentations, which rely strongly on perceived analogies between disparate theories (

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Reinventing Organizations: A Guide to Creating Organizations Inspired by the Next Stage in Human Consciousness

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Schneider, Kirk J. (1987). "The deified self: A "Centaur" response to Wilber and the transpersonal movement".

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The Integral or AQAL model places a great value on the highest stages and states. This can be referred to as

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https://web.archive.org/web/20091023122215/http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/interviews/interview1220.cfm/

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Roemischer, Jessica (Fall–Winter 2002). "The Never-Ending Upward Quest: An Interview with Dr. Don Beck".

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Structural stage theories are based on the observation that humans develop through a pattern of distinct

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The Missing Nuance. The Integral Myth: Ken Wilber as Religious Preacher. A Four-Part Critique, Part Four

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part of a sentence, which is part of a paragraph, which is part of a page; and so on. Everything from

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and interdisciplinary scholar, in 1939 to describe his own intuition regarding the structure of human

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Edwards, Mark (2008). "An Alternative View on States: Part One and Two. Retrieved in full 3/08 from

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called "integral pluralism", which builds on Wilber's recent work but emphasizes elements such as

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A number of texts have sought to apply Wilber's AQAL model to psychotherapy and psychopathology.

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Integral Theory in Action: Applied, Theoretical, and Constructive Perspectives on the AQAL Model

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Integral theory conferences were held in the Bay Area, California in 2008, 2010, 2013, and 2015.

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The Integral Intake: A Guide to Comprehensive Idiographic Assessment in Integral Psychotherapy

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Gregg Lahood, “The Participatory Turn and the Transpersonal Movement: A Brief Introduction.”

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Holons are the individual building blocks of Wilber's model. Wilber borrowed the concept of

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Wilber's ideas have grown more and more inclusive over the years, incorporating theories of

360:(1977), synthesizing Eastern religious traditions with Western schools of psychotherapy and 5762: 5747: 5722: 5702: 4415:

Integral Spirituality: A Startling New Role for Religion in the Modern and Postmodern World

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A Theory of Everything: An Integral Vision for Business, Politics, Science and Spirituality

1961:, where a whole is a part of another whole, in turn part of another whole, and so on. Each 1912: 710: 392: 168: 32:

This article is about a New Age concept. For the theory of integration in mathematics, see

4815: 4231: 3253: 8: 5814: 5717: 5674: 5659: 5514: 5498: 5410: 5347: 4953:"Climbing the Stairway to Heaven: Reflections on Ken Wilber's "The Religion of Tomorrow"" 4125:

Metatheory for the Twenty-First Century. Critical Realism and Integral Theory in Dialogue

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Metatheory for the Twenty-First Century: Critical Realism and Integral Theory in Dialogue

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Ferrer, “Participatory Spirituality and Transpersonal Theory: A Ten-Year Retrospective,”

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A Guide to Integral Psychotherapy: Complexity, Spirituality, and Integration in Practice

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An Ontology of Climate Change: Integral Pluralism and the Enactment of Multiple Objects

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which constrains it, in contrast to the Dzogchen intention of being mindful of view.

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Revisioning Transpersonal Theory : A Participatory Vision of Human Spirituality

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Completing Piaget’s Project: Transpersonal Philosophy and the Future of Psychology.

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Stages of Faith: The Psychology of Human Development and the Quest for Meaning

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3753:

Iker Puente, “Participation and Spirit: An Interview with Jorge N. Ferrer.”

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associated with postmodernism. Wilber further developed this idea into the "

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Wilber, Ken (1989). "God is so damn boring: A response to Kirk Schneider".

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or induced states: psychedelic and other drug-induced states; hypnosis and

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ideas, and Wilberian theory. She distinguishes between Wilber's concept of

2040: 1958: 1827: 1787: 1332:

manifestation of a transcendental reality. Thus, Wilber promotes a type of

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that would follow the modern or mental structure. Gebser was the author of

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Ken Wilber in Dialogue: Conversations with Leading Transpersonal Thinkers

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The Religion of Tomorrow: A Vision for the Future of the Great Traditions

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International Handbook of Education for Spirituality, Care and Wellbeing,

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is both an entity on its own, and a hierarchical part of a larger whole.

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spiritual development, collective shifts in consciousness, and levels or

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The Ego and Dynamic Ground: A Transpersonal Theory of Human Development

2579: 2226: 2018: 1915:, a mediaeval description of levels of being. "Holon" means that every 1328: 1212: 1014: 1005:(Vol. 4) in 1999, and gave it a prominent place in the 2000 edition of 625: 391:

traditions. They also find rough correlations with the concepts of the

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Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2010). "Introduction". In Esbjörn-Hargens (ed.).

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3816:""What Good is Half A Wing?" The Wilberian Evolution Debate Continues" 2031:

In 1998 an edited volume was published by Rothberg and Kelly entitled

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Integral Ecology: Uniting Multiple Perspectives on the Natural World

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Integralis: Journal of Integral Consciousness, Culture, and Science

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Psychopharmacology for Helping Professions: An Integral Exploration

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Bhaskar, R.; Esbjörn-Hargens, S.; Hedlund, N.; Hartwig, M. (2015).

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A Complex Integral Realist Perspective: Towards A New Axial Vision

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A Complex Integral Realist Perspective. Towards A New Axial Vision

2765:"ISSN 1944-5091 (Online): Journal of integral theory and practice" 728: 5707: 5478: 5333: 3856:

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Schneider, Kirk J. (1989). "Infallibility is so damn appealing".

3546: 3491:

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

2584: 1920: 1810:

According to Wilber, various domains or lines of development, or

1088: 637: 617: 609: 4809:. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 703–732. 3132:

Fiandt, K.; Forman, J.; Erickson Megel, M.; et al. (2003).

5436: 4998:. Vol. 2. London: Thoemmes Continuum. pp. 1734–1744. 4369:

Integral Psychology: Consciousness, Spirit, Psychology, Therapy

2739:

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2283:, arguing that Wilber's view is situated within a framework or 2081:

and that explicitly refer to Wilber's definition of the term.

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Piaget, J. (1970). "Piaget's Theory". In Mussen, P. H. (ed.).

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According to Frank Visser, Wilber's early work was praised by

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The Atman Project: A Transpersonal View of Human Development

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Integral City: Evolutionary Intelligences for the Human Hive

2970: 2968: 2966: 717:, which describes human history as a series of mutations in 3897: 2939: 2869: 2742: 2737:"Assessing Integral Theory: Opportunities and Impediments," 2617:

Impossible rhetoric. Boomeritis and its rhetorical problems

1937: 689: 5227:

Astral Dynamics: A New Approach to Out-of-Body Experiences

4522:. SUNY Series in Integral Theory. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. 3529:"Assessing Integral Theory: Opportunities and Impediments" 3131: 2271:

of integral theory, combining Western process philosophy,

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interpreted by more or less developed and mature persons.

624:(1878–1973), this spiritual teaching involves an integral 4647:"Integral Re-views Postmodernism: The Way Out Is Through" 4293:

Sex, Ecology, Spirituality : The Spirit of Evolution

2963: 2886: 2884: 2839: 2837: 2524: 2421:"FAQs > Questions About the Colors in Spiral Dynamics" 2321:

that are understated or absent in Wilber's own writings.

1046:, while Wilber went on to criticize both Beck and Cowan. 991:

Spiral Dynamics: Mastering Values, Leadership, and Change

3726:

ReVision: A Journal of Consciousness and Transformation,

3325: 3323: 3103: 3101: 3032: 3030: 2951: 2912: 3872: 3451: 4774:"Wilber's Integral Philosophy: A Summary and Critique" 4689:

Understanding Psychopathology: An Integral Exploration

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Integral Review, 3, 2006. Retrieved on Jan. 10, 2010.

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inputs, seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, tasting.

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Psychotherapy applications and publications include

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Sean Esbjörn-Hargens has proposed a new approach to

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Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy

3463: 3059: 2998: 1973: 1947:

Sex, Ecology, Spirituality: The Spirit of Evolution

1805: 5151: 4412: 4389: 4366: 4339: 4316: 4208: 4155:(1st. ed.). New York: Routledge. p. xi. 3867:Integral Consciousness and the Future of Evolution 3631: 3383: 3296: 3284: 3272: 3042: 2924: 2810: 2485: 2483: 5125: 3507: 3487:"REVIEW: Sullivan/Ken Wilber: Thought as Passion" 2708: 2685: 5842: 5175: 4881:Sri Aurobindo's Philosophy of Social Development 4686: 4677: 3480: 3478: 2654: 2650: 2594:, work with both endogenous and exogenous types. 2520:, Wilber identifies a few varieties of states: 2496:"Excerpt A: An Integral Age at the Leading Edge" 2119: 1794:, and Fowler's stages of spiritual development. 1123:, potentially preventing the article from being 66:, potentially preventing the article from being 5163: 4580:. San Francisco, California: Harper & Row. 4537:Forman, Mark D.; Esbjörn-Hargens, Sean (2008). 4517: 4492: 4419:. Boston & London: Shambhala Publications. 4373:. Boston & London: Shambhala Publications. 4323:. Boston & London: Shambhala Publications. 3976:World Futures: The Journal of General Evolution 3918:The Missing Myth: A New Vision of Same-Sex Love 3903: 2875: 2822: 2751: 2480: 977:(1995), Ken Wilber started to collaborate with 729:Spiral Dynamics and collaboration with Don Beck 5246:Culture and Consciousness: Literature Regained 4678:Ingersoll, R. Elliott; Zeitler, David (2010). 2502:. Shambhala Publications. 2012. Archived from 995:Graves's emergent cyclical levels of existence 5318: 5101: 5099: 5097: 4891:"The Mean Green Hypothesis: Fact or Fiction?" 4852:AQAL: Journal of Integral Theory and Practice 4680:Integral Psychotherapy: Inside Out/Outside In 4616:"A Brief History of Transpersonal Psychology" 4499:AQAL: Journal of Integral Theory and Practice 4044:. Gabriola Island BC: New Society Publishers. 3649: 3475: 3204:"Excerpt C: The Ways We Are In This Together" 2104:, Allan Combs, Robert Godwin, Sally Goerner, 1079:, a term first introduced by the philosopher 271: 4668: 2787: 2785: 2646: 343:Ken Wilber's integral theory is a synthetic 184: 4816:"Clare W. Graves and the Turn of Our Times" 4727:Integral Psychotherapy: A Unifying Approach 4687:Ingersoll, R. Elliott; Marquis, A. (2014). 4539:"The Academic Emergence of Integral Theory" 3484: 3406:http://www.integralworld.net/edwards14.html 2100:(2007) listed as contemporary Integralists 2002: 5396:Association for Research and Enlightenment 5325: 5311: 5094: 4986: 4842: 4807:Carmichael's Handbook of Child Development 3077: 2890: 2843: 2077:and internationally that utilize the term 1143:reliable, independent, third-party sources 643: 278: 264: 86:reliable, independent, third-party sources 27:Framework for integrating diverse theories 5201: 5080:Learn how and when to remove this message 5064:so that sources are clearly identifiable. 4888: 4743: 4669:Ingersoll, R. Elliott; Rak, Carl (2006). 4561:(1st. ed.). Albany, NY: SUNY Press. 4469: 4460: 4184: 3610: 3583: 3107: 3036: 2992: 2918: 2782: 2262: 2214:Learn how and when to remove this message 1479: 1352: 1161:Learn how and when to remove this message 1017:" concept, devoting a chapter to each in 441:Aurobindo's model of Being and Evolution 333: 104:Learn how and when to remove this message 4828:California Institute of Integral Studies 4150: 4037: 4004:. New York: Macmillan Library Reference. 3674: 3186:Vol. 2, 4. ed., Wiley 2010, pp. 830 ff. 2328:as well as philosophy-of-science writer 1748: 1679: 1606: 1589: 1580: 1572: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1525: 1522: 1517: 1504: 1484: 1445: 1440: 1417: 1400: 1137:by replacing them with more appropriate 741: 690:Jean Gebser - mutations of consciousness 80:by replacing them with more appropriate 5268:Religions, Values, and Peak Experiences 4996:The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature 4973: 4950: 4813: 4771: 4724: 4705: 4644: 4442: 4337: 4086:Journal of Integral Theory and Practice 3989:Journal of Integral Theory and Practice 3920:(1st ed.). New York: SelectBooks. 3915: 3878: 3798:The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 3469: 3266: 3184:The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology, 3119: 3092: 3065: 3009: 2957: 2902: 2859: 2816: 2642: 2638: 2531:states: waking, dreaming, and sleeping. 2441: 2338:Metatheory for the Twenty-First Century 1120:too closely associated with the subject 324:Journal of Integral Theory and Practice 63:too closely associated with the subject 14: 5843: 5229:. Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads. 4930: 4911: 4877: 4804: 4594: 4575: 4556: 4470:Cooke, Christopher; Levi, Ben (2006). 4410: 4387: 4364: 4314: 4289: 4270: 4249: 4229: 4206: 3940: 3813: 3704:(1st ed.). New York: SUNY Press. 3699: 3679:(2nd ed.). New York: SUNY Press. 3637: 3564: 3485:Sullivan, Edward J. (Winter 2005–06). 3457: 3441: 3416: 3392: 3373: 3361: 3329: 3314: 3302: 3290: 3278: 3232: 3170: 3053: 3021: 2945: 2933: 2906: 2863: 2855: 2723: 2702: 2679: 2658: 2517: 2490: 2342:A Complex Integral Realist Perspective 2150:Please improve this section by adding 1049: 917:Orange-Amber (3/4 self-consciousness) 5306: 4933:"A More Adequate Spectrum of Colors?" 4729:(1st ed.). New York: Routledge. 4710:(1st ed.). New York: Routledge. 4443:Butters, Albion (November 17, 2015). 4102:(1st ed.). New York: Routledge. 4056:"A Process Model of Integral Theory," 2418: 1769:Loevinger's stages of ego development 1482: 654:Loevinger's stages of ego development 632:of only a single faculty such as the 628:of the entire being, rather than the 482: 5866:Philosophical schools and traditions 5332: 5033: 4613: 4445:"A Brief History of Spiral Dynamics" 2828: 2354:Eight-circuit model of consciousness 2123: 2067: 1102: 45: 4691:(1st ed.). New York: Pearson. 4239:Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 3246:"Integral European Conference 2022" 2615:Don Beck, quoted by Mathias Larsen 2547:states, is divided into two groups: 2096:conduit of Gidley). The editors of 1741:undifferentiated or primary matrix 1339: 666:, and related models like those of 395:and Aurobindo's elaboration of the 24: 5217: 5181: 5169:Frank Visser's integralworld.net, 5131: 4396:. Boston: Shambhala Publications. 3894:, no.35, January–March 2007, p.100 3744:St. Paul, MN: Paragon House, 2014. 3526: 1792:stages of psychosocial development 742:Spiral Dynamics vs AQAL altitudes 422: 25: 5882: 5286: 5105: 4215:. Theosophical Publishing House. 3755:Journal of Transpersonal Research 3553:Forman & Esbjörn-Hargens 2008 2982:from the original on May 2, 2024. 2563:; psycho-therapeutic techniques; 1098: 1003:The Collected Works of Ken Wilber 852:Turquoise (5/6 Post-autonomous)) 608:, the connecting element between 322:Integral Institute published the 5062:add missing citation information 5038: 4778:Journal of Humanistic Psychology 4252:Journal of Humanistic Psychology 4144: 4130: 4116: 4091: 4074: 3650:Rothberg, D.; Kelly, S. (1998). 3613:Journal of Humanistic Psychology 3586:Journal of Humanistic Psychology 3510:Journal of Humanistic Psychology 3082:. No. 22. pp. 105–126. 2793:"SUNY series in Integral Theory" 2575:states; forms of guided imagery; 2128: 2045:Revisioning Transpersonal Theory 1974:Reception in mainstream academia 1806:Lines, streams, or intelligences 1118:may rely excessively on sources 1107: 427: 362:Western developmental psychology 61:may rely excessively on sources 50: 4987:Zimmerman, Michael E. (2005b). 4814:Reitter, Nicholas (June 2018). 4061: 4048: 4031: 4007: 3994: 3981: 3968: 3959: 3945:(1st ed.). Nelson Parker. 3934: 3909: 3884: 3859: 3846: 3826: 3807: 3790: 3764: 3747: 3734: 3718: 3693: 3668: 3643: 3604: 3577: 3558: 3520: 3501: 3410: 3398: 3335: 3238: 3196: 3176: 3125: 3071: 2631: 2622: 2609: 2510: 2470: 2461: 2447: 2435: 2410: 1814:can be discerned. They include 1777:theory of cognitive development 1767:, including but-not-limited to 1305:Exterior collective perspective 1299:Exterior individual perspective 1293:Interior collective perspective 1287:Interior individual perspective 698:was independently suggested by 5134:"A Spectrum of Wilber Critics" 4914:Ken Wilber: Thought as Passion 4843:Rentschler, Matt (Fall 2006). 4820:Journal of Conscious Evolution 4645:Hampson, Gary P. (June 2007). 4493:Esbjörn-Hargens, Sean (2006). 4172: 3250:Integraleuropeanconference.com 2978:. Formlessmountain.com. 2007. 2757: 2729: 2493:, "A Miracle Called 'We'" and 2267:Bonnitta Roy has introduced a 13: 1: 5248:. Bucknell University Press. 5023:– via www.colorado.edu. 4744:MacDonald, Copthorne (2000). 4319:A Brief History of Everything 4211:The Spectrum of Consciousness 4088:, V5.1, March 2010, pp.143-74 3654:(1st ed.). Quest Books. 3150:10.1016/s0029-6554(03)00080-0 2667: 2571:; voice dialogue techniques; 2152:secondary or tertiary sources 2120:Applications and publications 358:The Spectrum of Consciousness 193:Influences on integral theory 4994:. In Taylor, Brom R. (ed.). 4625:. p. 11. Archived from 4495:"Editor's Inaugural Welcome" 3814:Visser, F. (December 2007). 2655:Ingersoll & Marquis 2014 2651:Ingersoll & Zeitler 2010 2592:neuro-linguistic programming 2374:Neuro-linguistic programming 2279:and the Dzogchen concept of 2062: 1996:Fielding Graduate University 1968: 1743: 1657: 1632: 1624: 1611: 1603: 1569: 1550: 1528: 1512: 1499: 1474: 1427: 1422: 1412: 1346:Developmental stage theories 889:Green (4/5 Individualistic) 308:developmental stage theories 7: 5159:The Trouble With Ken Wilber 4974:Wallace, Walter L. (n.d.). 4889:Todorovic, Natasha (2002). 4767:– via Wisdompage.com. 4080:Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2010) 3890:The Real Evolution Debate, 2419:Cowan, Christopher (2006). 2347: 1980:transpersonal psychologists 1784:stages of moral development 10: 5887: 5270:. New York: Viking Press. 4931:Visser, Frank (May 2017). 4772:Paulson, Daryl S. (2008). 4472:"Spiral Dynamics Integral" 3421:. Shambhala. p. 216. 2074:Sex, Ecology, Spirituality 2043:, in his 2001 publication 2010:Sex, Ecology, Spirituality 1992:John F. Kennedy University 1896: 1343: 1057:Sex, Ecology, Spirituality 999:Sex, Ecology, Spirituality 974:Sex, Ecology, Spirituality 941:Red (2/3 Self-protective) 904:Orange (4 Consciountious) 781: 732: 647: 431: 338: 38: 31: 5683: 5507: 5424: 5388: 5340: 4980:Encyclopedia of Sociology 4878:Sharma, Ram Nath (1991). 4576:Fowler, James W. (1981). 4513:– via Academia.edu. 4013:Sean Esbjörn-Hargens and 2590:Some techniques, such as 2250:Reinventing Organizations 2232:Integral Theory in Action 1892: 1863:earned". A person has to 1857: 1735: 1730: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1693: 1651: 1619: 1614: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1566: 1487: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1437: 1434: 1405: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1083:, which means that every 993:. Wilber also referenced 891: 878: 857: 854: 812: 809: 802: 791: 788: 770: 767: 749: 746: 592: 546: 544: 524: 519: 514: 505: 502: 500: 497: 479: 462: 450: 445: 440: 5489:Transpersonal psychology 5442:Human Potential Movement 4790:10.1177/0022167807309748 4614:Grof, Stanislav (n.d.). 4557:Forman, Mark D. (2010). 4264:10.1177/0022167889294004 4021:, Integral Books (2009) 3625:10.1177/0022167889294005 3598:10.1177/0022167887272006 2647:Ingersoll & Rak 2006 2456:The Religion of Tomorrow 2404: 2246:Spiral Dynamics Integral 2003:Criticisms and responses 1875: 1765:developmental psychology 1596:4. Individual-reflexive 985:is based on the work of 5820:Psychological astrology 5184:"Critics on Ken Wilber" 4951:Visser, Frank (2017b). 4597:The Ever-present Origin 4296:. Boston & London: 3345:Springer 2009, p. 427. 3341:Marian de Souza (ed.), 2976:"AQAL: An Integral Map" 2384:Scale (analytical tool) 1680:Infrared (1 & 2/D) 1526:Centaur (Vision-logic) 1369:(Numbers correspond to 753:(Numbers correspond to 715:The Ever-Present Origin 650:Structural stage theory 644:Structural stage theory 370:structural stage theory 5728:Creative visualization 5368:Progressive electronic 5225:Bruce, Robert (2009). 5207:David C. Lane (2017), 4912:Visser, Frank (2003). 4898:Spiral Dynamics Online 4884:. Atlantic Publishers. 4748:A Theory of Everything 4338:Wilber, Ken (1996b) . 4298:Shambhala Publications 4054:Roy, Bonnitta (2006). 3892:What Is Enlightenment? 3854:"Redefining Integral," 3839:June 23, 2021, at the 3252:. 2022. Archived from 3122:, p. 122, fn. 39. 3080:What Is Enlightenment? 2364:List of New Age topics 2263:Alternative approaches 2139:relies excessively on 2114:William Irwin Thompson 2098:What Is Enlightenment? 2033:Ken Wilber in Dialogue 2015:Ken Wilber in Dialogue 1911:'s description of the 1069:multiple intelligences 1044:A Theory of Everything 1028: 1021:. As Beck explained: 1019:A Theory of Everything 1007:A Theory of Everything 953:Magenta (2 Impulsive) 397:five sheaths or koshas 334:Origins and background 154:William Irwin Thompson 5620:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 5244:Haney, W. S. (2002). 5108:"Contextualizing Ken" 4989:"Wilber, Ken (1949–)" 4595:Gebser, Jean (1986). 4275:(in Dutch). Servire. 4271:Wilber, Ken (1992) . 4190:The Synthesis of Yoga 4151:Marshall, P. (2016). 4038:Hamilton, M. (2008). 3675:Washburn, M. (1995). 2993:Cooke & Levi 2006 2319:ontological pluralism 2292:Maurice Merleau-Ponty 2285:structural enfoldment 1677:Phantasmic-emotional 1639:Concrete operational 1531:(Integral self)(5/6) 1040:Integral Spirituality 1023: 929:Amber (3 Conformist) 799:to Wilber's 3rd tier) 664:cognitive development 626:divine transformation 5763:Higher consciousness 5703:Alternative medicine 5049:needs more complete 4725:Marquis, A. (2018). 4706:Marquis, A. (2008). 4488:on October 10, 2006. 4449:Approaching Religion 4411:Wilber, Ken (2007). 4388:Wilber, Ken (2001). 4365:Wilber, Ken (2000). 4315:Wilber, Ken (1996). 4290:Wilber, Ken (1995). 4230:Wilber, Ken (1984). 4207:Wilber, Ken (1977). 4015:Michael E. Zimmerman 3978:61, nos. 1-2: 50-62. 3916:Herrada, G. (2014). 3904:Esbjörn-Hargens 2010 3417:Wilber, Ken (2018). 3214:on December 23, 2005 2948:, p. 102, n. 4. 2876:Esbjörn-Hargens 2006 2752:Esbjörn-Hargens 2010 2256:Michael E. Zimmerman 2234:in Integral Theory, 1953:Holons form natural 1913:great chain of being 1467:Supra-mentalisation 1354:Developmental stages 874:Teal (5 Autonomous) 493:Supra-mentalisation 393:great chain of being 169:Michael E. Zimmerman 5871:Spiritual evolution 5815:Religious pluralism 5718:Bicameral mentality 5675:Marianne Williamson 5660:Neale Donald Walsch 5499:Western esotericism 5411:Findhorn Foundation 5348:New Age communities 4865:on October 12, 2011 4858:(3). Archived from 3941:Laloux, F. (2014). 3761:|url-status=dead }} 3700:Ferrer, J. (2001). 3565:Wilber, K. (2006). 3256:on October 2, 2022. 2394:Transdisciplinarity 2359:Interdisciplinarity 2093:Teilhard de Chardin 1707:0. Undifferentiated 1704:Sensoric-motorical 1612:Orange/Amber (3/4) 1607:Formal-operational 1553:(Integral self)(5) 1260:Exterior Collective 1234:Interior Collective 1210:Exterior Individual 1184:Interior Individual 1050:Wilber's metatheory 723:Teilhard de Chardin 5825:Sun sign astrology 5416:New World Alliance 5380:New Age travellers 5297:Integral Institute 5264:Maslow, Abraham H. 5015:on January 8, 2010 2417:certain appeal." ( 2379:Post-postmodernism 2087:(2007) pointed to 1994:(closed in 2020), 1899:Holon (philosophy) 1543:6. Universalizing 668:James Mark Baldwin 399:in Hindu thought. 206:James Mark Baldwin 126:Integral theorists 18:Integral Institute 5838: 5837: 5810:Quantum mysticism 5790:Michael Teachings 5773:Law of attraction 5437:Hippie subculture 5277:978-0-670-00304-4 5255:978-0-8387-5529-7 5236:978-1-57174-616-0 5106:Smith, Andrew P. 5090: 5089: 5082: 5005:978-1-84-706273-4 4923:978-0-7914-5815-0 4623:StanislavGrof.com 4606:978-0-8214-0769-1 4587:978-0-06-062840-6 4529:978-1-4384-3385-1 4462:10.30664/ar.67574 4436:Secondary sources 4426:978-0-8348-2244-3 4380:978-1-57062-554-1 4357:978-0-8356-0730-8 4330:978-1-57062-187-1 4307:978-1-57062-072-0 4273:Het Atman Project 4199:978-0-941524-66-7 4067:Küpers, Wendelin 3460:, pp. 35–78. 3351:978-1-4020-9017-2 3208:Ken Wilber Online 3192:978-0-470-17026-7 2960:, pp. 36–38. 2506:on March 4, 2012. 2500:Ken Wilber Online 2224: 2223: 2216: 2198: 2163:"Integral theory" 2068:Integral movement 2026:Kirk J. Schneider 1761: 1760: 1717:Sensori-physical 1567:Formal-reflexive 1518:Illuminated Mind 1492:Spiritualisation 1373: 1371:Loevinger's model 1329:nondual awareness 1275: 1274: 1171: 1170: 1163: 1062:the five elements 1038:In his 2006 book 971:After completing 969: 968: 800: 797:not corresponding 757: 755:Loevinger's model 680:Lawrence Kohlberg 597: 596: 520:Illuminated Mind 510:Spiritualisation 366:The Atman Project 288: 287: 114: 113: 106: 16:(Redirected from 5878: 5830:Yoga as exercise 5615:Shirley MacLaine 5610:Max Freedom Long 5565:Marilyn Ferguson 5545:Carlos Castaneda 5401:Esalen Institute 5334:New Age movement 5327: 5320: 5313: 5304: 5303: 5281: 5259: 5240: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5103: 5085: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5065: 5042: 5041: 5034: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5014: 5008:. 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Lotus Press. 4178:Primary sources 4175: 4170: 4163: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4117: 4110: 4096: 4092: 4079: 4075: 4066: 4062: 4053: 4049: 4036: 4032: 4012: 4008: 3999: 3995: 3986: 3982: 3973: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3889: 3885: 3877: 3873: 3864: 3860: 3851: 3847: 3841:Wayback Machine 3832:Patten, Terry. 3831: 3827: 3812: 3808: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3752: 3748: 3739: 3735: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3698: 3694: 3687: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3648: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3609: 3605: 3582: 3578: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3527:Visser, Frank. 3525: 3521: 3506: 3502: 3483: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3440: 3436: 3429: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3399: 3391: 3384: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3181: 3177: 3169: 3165: 3138:Nursing Outlook 3130: 3126: 3118: 3114: 3106: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3076: 3072: 3064: 3060: 3052: 3043: 3035: 3028: 3020: 3016: 3008: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2974: 2973: 2964: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2901: 2897: 2891:Rentschler 2006 2889: 2882: 2874: 2870: 2854: 2850: 2844:Zimmerman 2005b 2842: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2791: 2790: 2783: 2773: 2771: 2769:The ISSN Portal 2763: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2743: 2735:Visser, Frank. 2734: 2730: 2722: 2709: 2701: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2614: 2610: 2565:gestalt therapy 2515: 2511: 2494: 2488: 2481: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2448: 2440: 2436: 2425: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2389:Systems science 2350: 2309:free variation. 2265: 2220: 2209: 2203: 2200: 2157: 2155: 2149: 2145:primary sources 2133: 2122: 2102:Don Edward Beck 2070: 2065: 2005: 1976: 1971: 1909:Arthur Koestler 1901: 1895: 1878: 1860: 1842:, spatial, and 1808: 1732: 1724: 1708: 1697: 1695: 1687: 1668: 1643: 1630:Rule/role mind 1616: 1584: 1582: 1574: 1559:5. Conjunctive 1552: 1530: 1515:(psychic self) 1514: 1501: 1491: 1489: 1476: 1442: 1402:Levels of Being 1367: 1348: 1342: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1247:Jurgen Habermas 1235: 1233: 1230: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1167: 1156: 1150: 1147: 1132: 1112: 1101: 1081:Arthur Koestler 1073:Advaita Vedanta 1052: 987:Clare W. Graves 983:Spiral Dynamics 861: 859: 818: 816: 814: 798: 796: 793: 785: 783: 751: 737: 735:Spiral Dynamics 731: 707:phenomenologist 702:(1905–1973), a 692: 684:James W. Fowler 656: 648:Main articles: 646: 584: 576: 566: 564: 556: 541: 539: 531: 509: 507: 447:Levels of Being 436: 430: 425: 423:Main influences 341: 336: 297:is a synthetic 291:Integral theory 284: 216:Clare W. Graves 177:Integral themes 134:Don Edward Beck 120:Integral theory 110: 99: 93: 90: 75: 55: 44: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5884: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5650:David Spangler 5647: 5642: 5637: 5635:James Redfield 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5595:Michael Harner 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5560:Benjamin Creme 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5515:José Argüelles 5511: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5350: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5330: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5288: 5287:External links 5285: 5283: 5282: 5276: 5260: 5254: 5241: 5235: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5200: 5188:Integral World 5174: 5162: 5157:Frank Visser, 5150: 5138:Integral World 5124: 5112:Integral World 5092: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5046: 5044: 5037: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5025: 5004: 4984: 4971: 4960:Integral World 4948: 4937:Integral World 4928: 4922: 4909: 4886: 4875: 4840: 4811: 4802: 4784:(3): 364–388. 4769: 4741: 4736:978-1138961524 4735: 4722: 4717:978-0415957663 4716: 4703: 4698:978-0131594388 4697: 4684: 4675: 4666: 4642: 4611: 4605: 4592: 4586: 4573: 4568:978-1438430249 4567: 4554: 4543:Integral World 4534: 4528: 4515: 4490: 4467: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4431: 4425: 4408: 4402: 4385: 4379: 4362: 4356: 4335: 4329: 4312: 4306: 4287: 4281: 4268: 4258:(4): 457–469. 4247: 4227: 4221: 4204: 4198: 4186:Aurobindo, Sri 4181: 4180: 4179: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4162:978-1138803824 4161: 4143: 4129: 4115: 4109:978-0415820479 4108: 4090: 4073: 4060: 4047: 4030: 4006: 3993: 3980: 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1502:(subtle self) 1498: 1494: 1493: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1477:(causal self) 1473: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1435:Transpersonal 1432: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1341: 1338: 1309: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1290: 1279:AQAL-framework 1273: 1272: 1250: 1223: 1222: 1200: 1193:Jane Loevinger 1169: 1168: 1115: 1113: 1106: 1100: 1099:Four quadrants 1097: 1051: 1048: 967: 966: 963: 961: 959: 955: 954: 951: 949: 947: 943: 942: 939: 937: 935: 931: 930: 927: 925: 923: 919: 918: 915: 913: 910: 906: 905: 902: 900: 898: 894: 893: 890: 887: 885: 883: 880: 876: 875: 872: 870: 868: 864: 863: 856: 853: 850: 848: 846: 842: 841: 838: 835: 834: 831: 828: 827: 824: 821: 820: 811: 808: 805: 803: 801: 795:(unrelated and 790: 787: 779: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 759: 758: 750:AQAL altitudes 748: 744: 743: 733:Main article: 730: 727: 691: 688: 672:Jane Loevinger 645: 642: 595: 594: 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5354: 5353:New-age music 5351: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5323: 5321: 5316: 5314: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5238: 5232: 5228: 5223: 5222: 5210: 5204: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5172: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5139: 5135: 5128: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5093: 5084: 5081: 5073: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5047:This article 5045: 5036: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4997: 4990: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4972: 4961: 4954: 4949: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4919: 4915: 4910: 4899: 4892: 4887: 4883: 4882: 4876: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4841: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4770: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4749: 4742: 4738: 4732: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4690: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4655: 4648: 4643: 4628: 4624: 4617: 4612: 4608: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4521: 4516: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4491: 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2094: 2090: 2089:Henri Bergson 2086: 2082: 2080: 2075: 2060: 2058: 2057:David C. Lane 2052: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2039:Psychologist 2037: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2024:Psychologist 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1959:Russian dolls 1956: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1812:intelligences 1803: 1801: 1800:transpersonal 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1731:Subl. (inner) 1727: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1700: 1690: 1685: 1682: 1676: 1675: 1671: 1667:1. Intuitive- 1666: 1663: 1660: 1654: 1652:Pre-personal 1650: 1646: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1623: 1617:Conventional 1615:3. Synthetic- 1610: 1602: 1565: 1549: 1521: 1509: 1508: 1496: 1495: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1453: 1448: 1433: 1430: 1429:Psychic Being 1425: 1420: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1372: 1366:Wilber (AQAL) 1358: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1337: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1238: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1198: 1197:Sigmund Freud 1194: 1189: 1188: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1165: 1162: 1154: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1116:This section 1114: 1110: 1105: 1104: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 975: 964: 962: 960: 957: 956: 952: 950: 948: 945: 944: 940: 938: 936: 933: 932: 928: 926: 924: 921: 920: 916: 914: 911: 908: 907: 903: 901: 899: 896: 895: 888: 886: 884: 881: 877: 873: 871: 869: 866: 865: 851: 849: 847: 844: 843: 839: 837: 836: 832: 830: 829: 825: 823: 822: 806: 804: 780: 776: 773: 764: 761: 760: 756: 745: 740: 736: 726: 724: 720: 719:consciousness 716: 712: 711:consciousness 708: 705: 701: 697: 687: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 655: 651: 641: 640:or the body. 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 602: 589: 588: 583:Subl. 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