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seminar in the mid 1950s and determined not to publish his full theory until he was confident he could defend it. Due to a brain injury sustained in 1975, Graves abandoned his book manuscript in 1977. The manuscript, consisting of largely complete drafts of sections describing the derivation of the
337:
While sometimes cited in the context of developmental psychology, Graves is not broadly influential within developmental psychology academia. Graves has been criticized for not fully publishing his theory and data, with one source observing that by "leaving his legacy in not-quite-finished form, and
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In the early mid-twentieth century, Graves decided to conduct experiments that he hoped would reconcile the various approaches to human nature and questions about psychological maturity, as he saw elements of truth and error in all theories known at the time. Rather than construct a hypothesis about
333:
Through his emergent cyclical theory, Graves has primarily been influential in the area of management theory, both during his lifetime and continuing into more recent years. This was both the first major area in which he published, and a major focus in his posthumous book detailing the complete
680:
Beck, Arthur C.; et al. (Staff of the
Institute for Business and Community Development, University of Richmond) (June 1972). "Clare W. Graves Theory of Levels of Human Existence and Suggested Managerial Systems for Each Level". In Beck, Arthur C.; Hillmar, Ellis D. (eds.).
365:
Graves worked towards a book describing his theories, but published few articles and gave few public talks on his work during his lifetime. A full chronological bibliography is available online; a selection of his most notable publications is provided below.
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conditions. He called these 'express self' and 'deny self' systems, and the swing between them is the cyclic aspect of his theory. Graves saw this process of stable plateaus interspersed with change intervals as never ending, up to the limits of the brain of
307:
in several dimensions, though without guarantees as to time lines or even direction: both progression and regression are possibilities in his model. Furthermore, each level in the hierarchy alternates as the human is either trying to make the
338:
in cultivating followers who have elaborated his ideas leaving them essentially unquestioned, appears to have succeeded in leaving us a provocative and important theory, while so far avoiding anything like a debate about its merits."
284:
how the conflicting systems could be resolved, Graves posed several open-ended questions and looked to see what patterns would emerge from his data. While not typical at the time, these approaches would later become known as
374:
theory from experimental data, and comparing it to other theories, was edited together with other primary sources to reconstruct the missing section on the nature of the levels, and published posthumously in 2005 as
263:
as an extension of Graves's work. After Graves's death, Cowan, his consulting partner
Natasha Todorovic, and archivist William R. Lee, became custodians of Graves's work, maintaining the
381:
Additionally, an edited transcription of a seminar given by Graves at the
Washington School of Psychiatry in 1971, along with a reprint of his 1970 article in the Fall 1970 issue of the
248:. He taught at Western Reserve for three years before returning to Union College as an Associate Professor in 1948. He was promoted to full Professor in 1956, and retired in 1978.
259:
By this point, Graves's health was declining, and Beck resolved to record Graves's knowledge. They were later joined by
Christopher Cowan, with whom Beck developed
206:
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A Study of the
Genesis and Dynamics of Psychopathic Personality as Revealed By Combining The Clinical Case History and Experimental Approaches
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Burnes, Bernard; Jackson, Philip (2011). "Success and
Failure In Organizational Change: An Exploration of the Role of Values".
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117:
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Cowan, Christopher C.; Todorovic, Natasha (2005). "Editors' Foreword". In Cowan, Christopher C.; Todorovic, Natasha (eds.).
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Levels of Human
Existence: Edited Transcription of a Seminar at the Washington School of Psychiatry, October 16, 1971
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346:
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Graves's ideas gained a broader audience through non-academic publications, most notably a 1974 article in
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which attracted the attention of those who later created Spiral
Dynamics. Graves influenced Ken Wilber's
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within humans of new bio-psycho-social systems in response to the interplay of external conditions with
241:
163:
100:
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Lee, William R. (2002). "Preface". In Lee, William R.; Cowan, Christopher; Todorovic, Natasha (eds.).
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in 1940 and received his master's degree and PhD in psychology in 1943 and 1945, respectively, from
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278:
211:
455:
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Cook‐Greuter, Susanne R. (1 December 2004). "Making the Case for a
Developmental Perspective".
255:, a professor at North Texas University, sought Graves out on the basis of his 1974 article in
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42:
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Graves, Clare W. (2004). Lee, William R.; Cowan, Christopher C.; Todorovic, Natasha (eds.).
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Graves, Clare W. (Fall 1970). "Levels of
Existence: An Open System Theory of Values".
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Graves was reportedly distressed by the poor reception given to Abraham Maslow at an
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Graves, Clare W. (1970), "Levels of Existence: An Open System Theory of Values."
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Based on data collected over the next several decades, Graves observed that the
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Graves, Clare W. (September–October 1966). "Deterioration of Work Standards".
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A Practical Approach to Organization Development Through MBO/Selected Readings
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Graves, Clare W. (April 1974). "Human Nature Prepares for a Momentous Leap".
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Graves, Clare W. (2005). Cowan, Christopher C.; Todorovic, Natasha (eds.).
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Loevinger, Jane (1993). "Ego Development: Questions of Method and Theory".
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Graves, Clare W. (2005). Cowan, Christopher C.; Todorovic, Natasha (eds.).
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Graves, Clare W. (1974), "Human Nature Prepares for a Momentous Leap."
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1134:. Systems Science & Cybernetics Conference. IEEE No. 69-C37-SSC.
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Lee, William R.; Cowan, Christopher C.; Todorovic, Natasha (eds.).
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Integralis: Journal of Integral Consciousness, Culture, and Science
46:
877:. Chester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons. p. viii.
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Cowan, Christopher; Todorovic, Natasha; Lee, William R. (eds.).
1246:
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The Listening Society: A Metamodern Guide to Politics, Book One
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something he viewed as far greater than we have yet imagined.
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Graves, Clare W. (1966), "Deterioration of Work Standards."
397:, September/October 1966, Vol. 44, No. 5, p. 117-126.
1208:(11). California Institute of Integral Studies. Article 5
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Spiral Dynamics: Mastering Values, Leadership, and Change
708:
Strategy of the Dolphin: Scoring a Win in a Chaotic World
200:(December 21, 1914 – January 3, 1986) was a professor of
873:
Beck, Don (29 May 2018). "Preface". In Beck, Don (ed.).
967:"Chronology of Publications and Articles by Dr. Graves"
502:"Chronology of Publications and Articles by Dr. Graves"
385:, were collected and published in book form in 2004 as
1052:
Beck, Don Edward; Cowan, Christopher C. (8 May 1996).
762:. Santa Barbara, CA: ECLET Publishing. p. vii.
267:, which provides access to some of those materials.
595:Krumm, Rainer; Parstorfer, Benedikt (10 Oct 2014).
353:. Through Spiral Dynamics, he has also influenced
106:
Ph.D., Western Reserve University, Psychology, 1945
875:Spiral Dynamics in Action: Humanity's Master Code
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599:(in German). Werdewelt Verlag. pp. v, 1–2.
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528:. Union College, Schenectady, NY. 16 Jan 1986
404:, Fall 1970, Vol. 10, No. 2, p. 131-155.
214:, aspects of which were later popularised as
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1198:"Clare W. Graves and the Turn of Our Times"
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316:, or the human is adapting the self to the
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466:Jane Loevinger's stages of ego development
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1181:. Santa Barbara, CA: ECLET Publishing.
1102:. Santa Barbara, CA: ECLET Publishing.
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706:Lynch, Dudley; Kordis, Paul L. (1989).
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461:Kohlberg's stages of moral development
425:. Santa Barbara, CA: ECLET Publishing.
418:. Santa Barbara, CA: ECLET Publishing.
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597:Clare W. Graves, Sein Leben sein Werk
118:Emergent cyclical levels of existence
1284:American developmental psychologists
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1073:"A Brief History of Spiral Dynamics"
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685:. Addison-Wesley. pp. 168–181.
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655:
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1264:20th-century American psychologists
912:"Review Of: A Theory of Everything"
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551:(PhD). Western Reserve University.
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797:Industrial and Commercial Training
371:American Psychological Association
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1132:A Systems View of Values Problems
1141:Journal of Humanistic Psychology
940:Freinacht, Hanzi (10 Mar 2017).
402:Journal of Humanistic Psychology
383:Journal of Humanistic Psychology
265:official Clare W. Graves website
1289:Union College (New York) alumni
1071:Butters, Albion (17 Nov 2015).
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228:Education and academic career
944:. Metamoderna. p. 171.
745:10.1080/14697017.2010.524655
733:Journal of Change Management
411:, April 1974, p. 72-87.
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710:. William Morrow & Co.
429:
10:
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1223:"Clare W Graves' Research"
1153:10.1177/002216787001000205
1035:Cowan and Todorovic (2005)
1023:Cowan and Todorovic (2005)
987:Cowan and Todorovic (2005)
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242:Western Reserve University
164:Western Reserve University
101:Western Reserve University
809:10.1108/00197850410563902
547:Graves, Clare W. (1945).
416:Levels of Human Existence
387:Levels of Human Existence
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96:, Math and Sciences, 1940
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1056:. Blackwell Publishing.
486:
446:Complex adaptive systems
360:
279:Emergent cyclical theory
271:Emergent cyclical theory
207:emergent cyclical theory
1119:Harvard Business Review
456:Evolutionary psychology
395:Harvard Business Review
351:through Spiral Dynamics
1179:The Never Ending Quest
1100:The Never Ending Quest
910:MacDonald, Copthorne.
423:The Never Ending Quest
376:The Never Ending Quest
232:Graves graduated from
204:and originator of the
1279:Systems psychologists
824:Psychological Inquiry
572:"About Dr. Graves..."
222:New Richmond, Indiana
16:American psychologist
1077:Approaching Religion
441:Cognitive psychology
347:integral philosophy
186:Calvin S. Hall, Jr.
476:Neuroendocrinology
349:both directly and
127:Marian Huff Graves
103:, Psychology, 1943
1188:978-0-9724742-1-4
1172:. pp. 72–87.
1109:978-0-9724742-1-4
1090:10.30664/ar.67574
692:978-0-2010044-7-2
526:The Concordiensis
481:Teal organisation
290:thematic analysis
220:. He was born in
212:human development
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141:Scientific career
32:December 21, 1914
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523:"In Memoriam..."
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1269:1914 births
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851:, pp. 43–44
656:Rice (2018)
632:Rice (2018)
318:existential
310:environment
172:(1948–1986)
166:(1945–1948)
78:Nationality
1258:Categories
1045:References
303:follows a
202:psychology
151:Psychology
36:1914-12-21
1161:144532391
1037:, pp. v-x
1001:, pp. 5-6
830:(1): 58.
634:, para. 5
329:Influence
305:hierarchy
301:neurology
297:emergence
251:In 1975,
210:of adult
86:Education
557:45432163
430:See also
334:theory.
238:New York
132:Children
81:American
70:New York
989:, p. iv
622:, p. 71
66:Rexford
47:Indiana
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147:Fields
124:Spouse
99:M.A.,
92:B.A.,
72:, U.S.
49:, U.S.
1228:3 Aug
1212:5 Aug
1157:S2CID
972:3 Aug
785:, p 5
580:2 Aug
532:2 Aug
507:4 Aug
487:Notes
361:Works
1230:2020
1214:2020
1183:ISBN
1104:ISBN
1058:ISBN
974:2020
946:ISBN
927:2020
879:ISBN
764:ISBN
712:ISBN
687:ISBN
601:ISBN
582:2020
553:OCLC
534:2020
509:2020
314:self
55:Died
29:Born
1149:doi
1085:doi
832:doi
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