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capital. The rivalry is extreme and amusing. At
Lavacca we heard of Indianola as 'a little village down the bay (they call it Indianola), where our vessels land goods on their way up.' Each consider the other to be sickly. Indianola has the advantage of the best water, and of the New Orleans steamers, which land at Powderhorn, a sort of hotel suburb, four miles below, by a hard beach-road, where nine to ten feet of water can be carried. We spent a quiet Sunday at Indianola. The beach beyond the town forms a pleasant promenade, and we enjoyed to the full the calm sunny sea, which seemed like a return to an old friend, after our months of inland journeying. Our hotel was a great improvement on that of the day before. The Germans, who compose half the population, have the enterprise to cultivate vegetable gardens, which furnish, at least, salads at all seasons. Around one of these gardens we noticed a hedge of enormous prickly pear. The native oysters are large and abundant. Game of all kinds is cheap. (pp. 253-254)"
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non-relevant incidences. The storyline then progresses to World War II, introducing an internal struggle between the call of duty of the United States and its armed conflict with
Germany, the ancestral point of origin of many Americans. The overall sentiment of the song begins as a story of new promises followed by a series of fictional, though personally carved facts, that illustrate a common experience for the individualist. Texas exemplifies a spirit that is not only uniquely a Texan story but an American one, thrusting the individual against the external influence that would assume its right to assert its own values.
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106:. Prince Solms renamed the port Carlshafen in honor of himself, Count Carl of Castell-Castell and Count Victor August of Leiningen-Westerburg-Alt-Leiningen whom Solms claimed had been christened Carl. Prince Solms' choice of Carlshafen and its inadequate accommodations as a port of entry, as well as the isolated route to New Braunfels, was to keep the Germans from interacting with any Americans. In February 1845
639:. The lyrics chronicle the full life cycle of Indianola, with verses from the points of view of a personified Matagorda Bay, an immigrant who helped build the city (Johann), a worker who came to help "bury the lost souls who perished that day" (Isaac), and finally the songwriter himself visiting the site (Brian). It is unclear whether the "Johann" mentioned in verse three refers to the
453:. He notes: "At first, Galveston's leading men seemed to grasp the significance of the Indianola storms. Anyone who looked at a map could see that Galveston was even more vulnerable to destruction than Indianola. It had no picket of barrier islands to shelter it, no buffer of mainland prairie. The city faced the
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in an indirect fashion, noting that little change occurred in their respective lives other than rust accumulating on wagon wheels. While this verse is brief in regards to words and time, it denotes a subtle and increasing disaffection in the
American/Texan experience, adversely affected by seemingly
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no results. As a last resort, Meusebach instructed D.H. Klaener to publish the plight in the German news media. Embarrassed by the publicity, the Verein established an inadequate $ 60,000 letter of credit. Meusebach had arranged with the Torrey
Brothers for transporting the emigrants inland, but the
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received a letter from Count
Castell informing him that 4,304 colonists were on their way to Texas. With no funds and no new settlements, the mass of emigrants was stalled at Carlshafen. Meusebach's requests to the Verein for more money, and his warnings at pending bankruptcy for the Verein, brought
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officers. The beach on which the town is built is some three hundred yards in width, and extends about a mile in length, having but two parallel streets, front and back. It has a more busy and prosperous appearance than
Lavacca, and is much larger, but is said to have less heavy business, and less
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If
Galveston had any lingering anxiety about its failure to erect a seawall Isaac's 1891 article would have eased them. It was here that he belittled hurricane fears as the artifacts of 'an absurd delusion.' He was especially confident about storm surges. Galveston would escape harm, he argued,
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Samuel
Addition White and William M. Cook founded Indian Point, later Indianola, in August 1846. This settlement developed along a corridor of beachfront for twenty-three blocks. In 1849, the town changed its name from Indian Point to Indianola. In 1852, Calhoun County selected Indianola as its
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marker was placed on the shore at the nearest point to the
Indianola courthouse, now 300 feet (about 90 meters) away in Matagorda Bay. It reads, "Calhoun County Courthouse. Edward Beaumont, Architect 1859. During the Storms of 1875 and 1886, precious lives were saved within its walls of shell,
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Personal narrative of explorations and incidents in Texas, New Mexico, California, Sonora, and
Chihuahua, connected with the United States and Mexican boundary commission, during the years 1850, '51, '52, and '53 /By John Russell Bartlett, United States commissioner during that period
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endorsed the plan". However, although "The state eventually did authorize a bond to pay for the work," the city's engineer E.M. Hartwick observed, "this was some months after the flood, and by then the attitude was, Oh, we'll never get another one--and they didn't build."
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head-on." He further observes: "Six weeks after the second Indianola storm, a group of thirty prominent Galveston residents calling themselves the Progressive Association met and resolved to build a seawall", and "The city's
500:'We had a storm like this in '86,' Mollie said, referring to the winds and rain that had reached Galveston from the last of the big Indianola hurricanes. 'My father's store on Market Street was flooded,' she said, casually.
436:, much of the action took place in Indianola, Texas on the day it was destroyed by the 1875 hurricane. The courthouse, the site of which is now underwater out in the bay, was featured as the last refuge of the townspeople.
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Should one of the contemplated railroads to the Pacific be extended west from San Antonio, with its terminus (in Indianola), Indianola will rank second only to New Orleans among the cities of the gulf in commerce and
619:. The song begins from the perspective of a German immigrant approaching Indianola by sea and chronicling details of the narrator's family. The narrator and his cousin attempt to traverse the South to join the
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Galveston, on the Texas mainland north of the bay where the land was even closer to sea level. 'It would be impossible,' he wrote, 'for any cyclone to create a storm wave which could materially injure the
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county seat. Some of these immigrants purchased land from Samuel White and established a settlement at Indian Point. The settlement's name was changed to Indianola in 1849 by combining the word
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The town was rebuilt, but events were repeated in 1886. The destruction served as an abject lesson for many residents of Galveston, 100 miles up the Texas coast. However, their calls for a
355:. After the two storms, discouraged investors abandoned the venture and made Galveston the port of choice. (After Galveston's hurricane, shipping traffic recentered over time to inland
366:. On October 4, 1887, the post office in Indianola was permanently closed and the town was declared "dead". Today, almost nothing remains of the original Indianola, as, due to storm
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496:", Larson publishes the recollections of Mollie Cohen, whose impressions of the Galveston Storm of 1900 reminded her of the second Indianola hurricane:
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constructed an anti-aircraft firing range along the Indianola shoreline to train gunners and the facility was used primarily by military personnel from
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402:"At the entrance are some prominent gables, and it was so like the approach to a European seaport that we thought of our passports and the
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troops, in October 1862 and November 1863. During the second occupation, part of a Union infantry regiment while moving from Indianola to
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to coerce incoming immigrants to sign legal documents disassociating themselves from the Verein and to join Schubbert's colony in
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74:, killing between 150 and 300 and almost destroying the town. Indianola was rebuilt, only to be wiped out on August 19, 1886, by
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describes the two storms that ravaged Indianola and the significance of these storms for Galveston, leading up to the
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425:, a reconstructed Indianola is featured as the lowermost level of the central ziggurat in the dome city of Araboth.
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470:(among others) for this failure. For example, Larson cites statements Cline published in the July 1891 Galveston
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653:(released under the alias Kasko Lunsford). The song likely takes place between the 1875 and 1886 hurricane.
627:, though they encounter Rebel resistance in Indianola. The next scene of the folk song briefly addresses the
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reported in detail on the extensive loss of life and property. Even the lighthouses were swept away and the
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experiment to replace horses and mules as the primary pack animal in the southwestern parts of the country.
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From its founding in 1846, Indianola served as a major port, and before the 1875 storm was second only to
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1022:"The Gulf Cyclone: Additional Particulars Of The Destruction Of Indianola. Hardly A House Left Unharmed"
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Frederick Olmsted describes Indianola in his 1860 memoir "Journey through Texas" with the following:
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Voyage to North America, 1844-45: Prince Carl of Solms' Texas Diary of People, Places, and Events
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singer/songwriter Scott Stutzman included a song titled "The Indianola Sway" on his 2016 single
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164:, the Spanish word for "wave". The German immigrants continued to refer to the community as
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to protect that city went unheeded, and Galveston nearly shared Indianola's fate when the
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In 1869, the world's first mechanically-refrigerated shipment of beef left Indianola for
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established Indianola as a port of call for his gulf coast steamship line in 1849.
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70:. In 1875, the city had a population of 5,000, but on September 15 of that year,
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Missouri Botanical Garden. New York and London : D. Appleton & company.
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Singer/songwriter Brian Burns included the song "Indianola" on his 2004 album
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Having survived severe storms before, Indianola was almost totally destroyed
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Indianola, Texas
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concrete, and lime. Abandoned 1886." The site is also home to a statue of
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The town was incorporated in 1853. In 1856, the port received cargoes of
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Personal Narrative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New Mexico
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because the incoming water would spread first over the vast lowlands
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Solms, Carl; Gish, Theodore G; Von-Maszweski, Wolfram M (2000).
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Charles Morgan and the Development of Southern Transportation
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A description of the 1875 hurricane that destroyed Indianola
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168:(Carl's Harbor) in honor of Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels.
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860:"Count Victor August of Leiningen-Westerburg-Alt-Leiningen"
714:. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. pp. 13–21.
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Cline, Isaac M. (July 16, 1891). "West India Hurricanes".
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broke out at Carlshafen and spread with the emigrants to
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included a song titled "Indianola" on the 1998 album
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370:, most of the site of the city is now underwater. A
539:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
362:After the 1886 storm, the county seat was moved to
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445:, in the chapter "Galveston: An Absurd Delusion,"
16:Ghost town in Calhoun County, Texas, United States
351:was proposed to connect the port of Indianola to
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1353:The German Settlement of the Texas Hill Country
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78:followed by a fire. Indianola was designated a
1116:(Spectra Special Editions ed.). Spectra.
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809:. William Nienke, Sam Morrow. Archived from
1750:1886 disestablishments in the United States
210:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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663:Calhoun County Independent School District
1705:Populated places in Calhoun County, Texas
1280:. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.
599:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
136:hired the Torrey Brothers for use in the
58:, United States. The community, once the
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971:Indianola and Matagorda Island 1837–1887
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1745:Populated places disestablished in 1886
661:What is now Indianola is served by the
377:René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
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741:Indianola: The Mother of Western Texas
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492:, in a chapter titled "Ritter's Cafe:
39:Indianola by Helmuth Holtz, Sept. 1860
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382:Indianola is now the site of a small
31:State historical marker for Indianola
1740:Populated places established in 1846
1423:Indianola Immigrant Database Project
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938:. Texas State Historical Association
866:. Texas State Historical Association
839:. Texas State Historical Association
537:adding citations to reliable sources
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208:adding citations to reliable sources
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62:of Calhoun County, is a part of the
1378:. University of North Texas Press.
1137:L'Amour, Louis (February 1, 1985).
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1501:Municipalities and communities of
1112:Hand, Elizabeth (August 1, 1992).
1063:Texas State Historical Association
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763:"Hurricanes On The Coast Of Texas"
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474:article, "West India Hurricanes":
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276:, Indianola was twice occupied by
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1730:Victoria, Texas metropolitan area
1725:Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
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1710:German-American culture in Texas
1351:Morgenthaler, Jefferson (2007).
807:Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
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466:Larson criticizes meteorologist
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91:German immigration port of entry
80:Recorded Texas Historic Landmark
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994:Bartlett, John Russell (1854).
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833:"Count Carl of Castell-Castell"
708:Bartlett, John Russell (1857).
524:needs additional citations for
1285:King, Irene Marschall (1967).
1250:www.scottstutzman.bandcamp.com
973:. Austin, Texas: Eakin Press.
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96:Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels
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1336:. University of Texas Press.
1289:. University of Texas Press.
1200:brianburnsmusic.com/music.php
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410:Jefferson McLemore published
172:Post-German immigration years
82:in 1963, marker number 2642.
68:Metropolitan Statistical Area
1735:1846 establishments in Texas
1429:Regional History Center site
1334:The City in Texas: A History
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7:
1417:News accounts of 1875 storm
1274:Baughman, James P. (1968).
1221:"Town of Indianola Markers"
1099:"Indianola and Other Poems"
1087:. New York: Mason Brothers.
1083:Olmsted, Frederick (1860).
1011:Baughman (1968), pp. 48–49.
691:Great Comanche Raid of 1840
668:
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342:Galveston Hurricane of 1900
72:a powerful hurricane struck
10:
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1720:Destroyed populated places
1715:Ghost towns in South Texas
123:Friedrich Armand Strubberg
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1332:McComb, David G. (2015).
1225:www.rootsweb.ancestry.com
1161:Larson (1999), pp. 79–84.
739:Malsch, Brownson (1995).
696:United States Camel Corps
629:Wall Street Crash of 1929
412:Indianola and Other Poems
267:United States Camel Corps
76:another intense hurricane
1435:at Indianola, Texas site
1101:. Maverick-Clarke. 1904.
1059:Handbook of Texas Online
936:Handbook of Texas Online
911:King (1967), pp. 85, 87.
864:Handbook of Texas Online
837:Handbook of Texas Online
488:Further, in Part III of
285:drowned in Matagorda Bay
254:as Texas' primary port.
246:Indianola, Texas in 1875
902:King (1967), pp. 75–83.
884:King (1967), pp. 52–58.
451:Galveston storm of 1900
1700:Former cities in Texas
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1185:Larson (1999), p. 157.
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1504:Calhoun County, Texas
1457:28.51194°N 96.48750°W
1355:. Mockingbird Books.
1085:Journey through Texas
969:Wolff, Linda (1999).
956:McComb (2015), p. 81.
893:Solms (2000), p. 131.
743:. State House Press.
498:
494:You Can't Frighten Me
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309:, located outside of
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121:Further information:
56:Calhoun County, Texas
38:
30:
22:
1678:United States portal
1419:at GenDisasters site
1246:"The Indianola Sway"
1030:. September 30, 1875
533:improve this article
323:on 16 September 1875
204:improve this section
138:Mexican–American War
108:Henry Francis Fisher
1462:28.51194; -96.48750
1453: /
920:King (1967), p. 88.
768:National Geographic
647:Alternative country
344:struck the island.
98:, representing the
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1567:Calhoun County map
1400:Indianola Railroad
1268:Additional Reading
1139:Matagorda: A Novel
1053:Indianola Railroad
1049:Malsch, Brownson.
1027:The New York Times
932:"Indianola, Texas"
930:Malsch, Brownson.
858:Brister, Louis E.
831:Brister, Louis E.
803:"Indianola, Texas"
625:American Civil War
611:Singer/songwriter
548:"Indianola, Texas"
349:Indianola Railroad
327:The New York Times
303:United States Army
274:American Civil War
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1687:
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1433:Indianola history
1405:Handbook of Texas
1385:978-1-57441-124-9
1362:978-1-932801-09-5
1343:978-0-292-76746-1
1296:978-0-292-73656-6
1148:978-0-553-28108-8
1123:978-0-553-29542-9
761:(November 1900).
651:Halloween Sixteen
617:Life of the Party
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140:. An epidemic of
129:John O. Meusebach
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490:Isaac's Storm
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442:Isaac's Storm
439:In Part I of
437:
435:
434:Louis L'Amour
431:
428:In the novel
426:
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423:Aestival Tide
420:
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146:New Braunfels
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134:United States
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127:In May 1846,
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52:Matagorda Bay
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1671:Texas portal
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1317:Publishing.
1315:Random House
1309:
1305:Larson, Erik
1286:
1276:
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1249:
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1224:
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1199:
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863:
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531:Please help
526:verification
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202:Please help
190:
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157:
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116:Milam County
94:
43:
42:
1606:communities
1584:Alamo Beach
1549:Port Lavaca
1526:Port Lavaca
1519:County seat
1460: /
1196:"Indianola"
1034:November 9,
870:26 December
843:26 December
733:population.
468:Isaac Cline
447:Erik Larson
364:Port Lavaca
353:San Antonio
292:New Orleans
272:During the
220:August 2017
100:Adelsverein
60:county seat
50:located on
1694:Categories
1639:Ghost town
1448:96°29′15″W
1445:28°30′43″N
1255:4 February
1141:. Bantam.
817:2011-02-13
789:References
779:2009-07-15
727:2009-07-15
621:Union Army
559:newspapers
307:Camp Hulen
166:Carlshaven
48:ghost town
1647:Indianola
1624:Port Alto
1614:Long Mott
1402:from the
1230:30 August
1068:March 26,
942:2 January
657:Education
589:June 2012
430:Matagorda
421:'s novel
414:in 1904.
191:does not
44:Indianola
1554:Seadrift
1427:Victoria
1307:(1999).
669:See also
505:In music
311:Palacios
1657:Sixmile
623:in the
573:scholar
372:granite
368:erosion
357:Houston
338:seawall
331:keepers
297:During
212:removed
197:sources
104:Germany
86:History
1619:Olivia
1536:Cities
1407:Online
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1205:2 July
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484:city.'
481:behind
404:octroi
301:, the
263:camels
158:Indian
1652:Kamey
1604:Other
580:JSTOR
566:books
278:Union
160:with
46:is a
1576:CDPs
1380:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1291:ISBN
1257:2024
1232:2017
1207:2024
1143:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1070:2024
1036:2013
975:ISBN
944:2011
872:2010
845:2010
745:ISBN
716:ISBN
552:news
472:News
455:Gulf
347:The
195:any
193:cite
148:and
1425:at
998:...
535:by
417:In
359:).
206:by
162:ola
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