492:, the Senate began using "Impeachment Trial Committees" pursuant to Senate Rule XI. These committees presided over the evidentiary phase of the trials, hearing the evidence and supervising the examination and cross-examination of witnesses. The committees would then compile the evidentiary record and present it to the Senate; all senators would then have the opportunity to review the evidence before the chamber voted to convict or acquit. The purpose of the committees was to streamline impeachment trials, which otherwise would have taken up a great deal of the chamber's time. Defendants challenged the use of these committees, claiming them to be a violation of their fair trial rights as this did not meet the constitutional requirement for their cases to be "tried by the Senate". Several impeached judges, including
145:
960:. Unlike in modern America, but similarly to the practice of impeachment in England, in at least some colonies impeachment was a process that could also be used to try non-officeholders and give criminal penalties. However, in practice, the colonies primarily limited their impeachments to officeholders and punishment to removal from office. Most charges in impeachments were related to misconduct in office. Impeachments in the colonies used a similar bifurcated process to the common modern practice of an impeachment vote followed by an impeachment trial. Like the English impeachment practice and modern United States federal impeachment practice, the charges would be brought by a colonial legislature's lower chamber and tried in its upper chamber.
235:
qualifies as a "civil officer of the United States". Federal judges are subject to impeachment. Within the executive branch, any presidentially appointed "principal officer", including a head of an agency such as a
Secretary, Administrator, or Commissioner, is a "civil officer of the United States" subject to impeachment. At the opposite end of the spectrum, lesser functionaries, such as federal civil service employees, do not exercise "significant authority", and are not appointed by the president or an agency head. These employees do not appear to be subject to impeachment, though that may be a matter of allocation of House floor debate time by the Speaker, rather than a matter of law.
347:
611:
438:
22:
423:. These managers are roughly the equivalent of the prosecution or district attorney in a standard criminal trial. Also, the House will adopt a resolution in order to notify the Senate of its action. After receiving the notice, the Senate will adopt an order notifying the House that it is ready to receive the managers. The House managers then appear before the bar of the Senate and exhibit the articles of impeachment. After the reading of the charges, the managers return and make a verbal report to the House.
485:
deprivation. Therefore, the removed official may still be liable to criminal prosecution under a subsequent criminal proceeding. The president may not grant a pardon in the impeachment case, but may in any resulting federal criminal case (unless it is the president who is convicted and thus loses the pardon power). However, whether the president can self-pardon for criminal offenses is an open question, which has never been reviewed by a court.
129:
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case, but the members of the seven-judge New York State Court of
Appeals (the state's highest, constitutional court) sit with the senators as jurors as well. Impeachment and removal of governors has happened occasionally throughout the history of the United States, usually for corruption charges. At least eleven U.S. state governors have faced an impeachment trial; a twelfth,
184:
present. Judgment in Cases of
Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States; but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.
591:
of 1958, which provides a pension and other benefits, does not extend to presidents who were removed from office following an impeachment conviction. Because of an amendment to that law in 2013, a former president who has been removed from office due to impeachment and conviction is still guaranteed
538:
The
Constitution is silent about who would preside in the case of the impeachment of a vice president. It is doubtful the vice president would be permitted to preside over their own trial. As president of the Senate, the vice president would preside over other impeachments. If the vice president did
453:
Senate rules call for an impeachment trial to begin at 1 pm on the day after articles of impeachment are delivered to the Senate, except for
Sundays. There is no timeframe requirement for when the managers must actually deliver the articles of impeachment to the Senate. On the set date, senators are
258:
The constitutional text is silent on whether an officer can be tried after the officer resigns or his/her term ends. However, when the issue has arisen, the House has been willing to impeach after resignation, and the Senate has been willing to try the official after resignation. In 1797, the Senate
621:
State legislatures can impeach state officials, including governors and judicial officers, in every state except Oregon. The court for the trial of impeachments may differ somewhat from the federal model—in New York, for instance, the
Assembly (lower house) impeaches, and the State Senate tries the
183:
The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all
Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two-thirds of the Members
570:
Conviction immediately removes the defendant from office. Following the vote on conviction, the Senate may by a separate vote also bar the individual from holding future federal office, elected or appointed. As the threshold for disqualification is not explicitly mentioned in the
Constitution, the
234:
The
Constitution gives Congress the authority to impeach and remove "The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States" upon a determination that such officers have engaged in treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. The Constitution does not articulate who
675:
The procedure for impeachment, or removal, of local officials varies widely. For instance, in New York a mayor is removed directly by the governor "upon being heard" on charges—the law makes no further specification of what charges are necessary or what the governor must find in order to remove a
105:
Impeachment proceedings are remedial rather than punitive in nature, and the remedy is limited to removal from office. Because the process is not punitive, a party may also be subject to criminal or civil trial, prosecution, and conviction under the law after removal from office. Also because the
484:
Upon conviction in the Senate, the official is automatically removed from office and may by a separate vote also be barred from holding future office. The Senate trial is not an actual criminal proceeding and more closely resembles a civil service termination appeal in terms of the contemplated
238:
The Senate has concluded that members of
Congress (representatives and senators) are not "civil officers" for purposes of impeachment. As a practical matter, expulsion is effected by the simpler procedures of Article I, Section 5, which provides "Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections,
586:
Conviction does not extend to further punishment, for example, loss of pension. After conviction by the Senate, "the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law" in the regular federal or state courts. However, the
419:", with a "lead House manager") are selected to present the case to the Senate. Recently, managers have been selected by resolution, while historically the House would occasionally elect the managers or pass a resolution allowing the appointment of managers at the discretion of the
528:, some Senate Republicans argued that the Chief Justice was required to preside, even though Trump was no longer the President when the trial began. However, by a 55–45 vote, the Senate rejected a motion asserting that the trial was unconstitutional. The trial was presided over by
562:. The majority of the Senate ruled that the articles accusing Mayorkas of willfully and systematically refusing to comply with Federal immigration laws and breaching the public trust did not "allege conduct that rises to the level of a high crime or misdemeanor".
546:
To convict an accused, "the concurrence of two thirds of the present" for at least one article is required. If there is no single charge commanding a "guilty" vote from two-thirds of the senators present, the defendant is acquitted and no punishment is imposed.
76:, which can vote by a 2/3 majority to convict an official, removing them from office. The Senate can also further, with just a simple-majority vote, vote to bar an individual convicted in a senate impeachment trial from holding future federal office.
703:, except for members of that court or for governors, whose impeachments are to be tried by a panel of seven judges (requiring a vote of five judges to convict), with the members of the panel being selected by the upper legislative chamber, the
755:
have impeachment, with tribes generally utilizing a similar bifurcated process to the federal government, having an impeachment vote followed by an impeachment trial. Examples of tribal governments that have an impeachment process include the
461:. The House members, who are given the collective title of managers during the trial, present the prosecution case, and the impeached official has the right to mount a defense with his or her own attorneys as well. Senators must also take an
1912:
1783:
3058:
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continued impeachment proceedings against William Blount even after he had been expelled from office, dismissing the proceedings only after determining that a Senator is not a "civil officer of the United States". In 1876,
267:. The Senate held by a 37–29 vote that it had jurisdiction to try Belknap notwithstanding his resignation, but ultimately acquitted him after trial. The permissibility of trying a former official was a major issue in the
401:, and then to the Judiciary Committee. The House Committee on the Judiciary, by majority vote, will determine whether grounds for impeachment exist (this vote is not law and is not required, US Constitution and US law).
698:
it is the upper chamber of the legislature that votes to impeach while the lower chamber acts as the court of impeachment. In Missouri, after the lower chamber votes to impeach, an impeachment trial is held before the
332:
of those present. The result of conviction is removal from office and (optionally, in a separate vote) disqualification from holding any federal office in the future, which requires a concurrence of only a
1076:
The Constitution also discusses the president's power to appoint "Officers of the United States", "the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments", and "Inferior officers". These are different.
571:
Senate has taken the position that disqualification votes only require a simple majority rather than a two-thirds supermajority. The Senate has used disqualification sparingly, as only three individuals (
320:
presides over the proceedings. For the impeachment of any other official, the Constitution is silent on who shall preside, suggesting that this role falls to the Senate's usual presiding officer, the
1622:
2241:"Indian Journal--December 21, 1876: ""Impeachment of Lochar Harjo"" (typescript). Includes articles of impeachment. :: Western History - Native American Manuscripts - Harjo, Lochar (d. 1879)"
2891:
1779:
1692:
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held in the upper chamber of their legislatures. However, several states do differ from the convention of holding the impeachment trial in the state legislature's upper chamber. In a reverse, in
248:
554:, the Cabinet Secretary of Homeland Security, was unprecedented. The trial proceedings ended quickly because after jurors were sworn in, the Senate dismissed the accusations by agreeing to a
165:
65:
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must pass, by a simple majority of those present and voting, articles of impeachment, which constitute the formal allegation or allegations. Upon passage, the defendant has been "impeached".
3114:
605:
493:
1214:
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Impeachment proceedings may be requested by a member of the House of Representatives, either by presenting a list of the charges under oath or by asking for referral to the appropriate
684:
641:
in 2018, have resigned rather than face impeachment, when events seemed to make it inevitable. The most recent impeachment of a state governor occurred on January 14, 2009, when the
3065:
298:, though this is not a required stage. The two stages constitutionally required for removal are impeachment by the House of Representatives and trial by the United States Senate.
690:
Most states follow the same model as the United States federal government of having the lower chamber of their legislatures hold a vote to "impeach", thereby triggering an
176:
2089:
1368:
231:
The Constitution limits grounds of impeachment to "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors", but does not itself define "high crimes and misdemeanors".
1511:
1432:
3159:
3137:
386:
243:... Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behavior, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member" (see
3025:
477:
to convict a person being impeached. The Senate enters judgment on its decision, whether that be to convict or acquit, and a copy of the judgment is filed with the
202:
188:
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of those present and voting is required for each article for the resolution as a whole to pass. If the House votes to impeach, managers (typically referred to as "
2502:
2528:
2321:
1165:
1459:
420:
782:, which predates the constitution of the United States, includes what amounts to an impeachment process through which clan mothers can remove and replace a
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1401:
244:
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2606:
1815:
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The House debates the resolution and may at the conclusion consider the resolution as a whole or vote on each article of impeachment individually. A
41:
may bring charges against an officeholder for misconduct alleged to have been committed with a penalty of removal. Impeachment may also occur at the
2450:
3051:
1931:
1574:
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to be impeached by the municipal government. Cities where municipal governments have impeachment proceedings include some smaller cities, such as
1578:
1537:
2010:
251:). This allows each House to expel its own members without involving the other chamber. In 1797, the House of Representatives impeached Senator
3099:
2653:
432:
404:
Either as part of the impeachment resolution or separately specific grounds and allegations of for impeachment will be outlined in one or more
394:
123:
69:
2399:
1245:
3104:
321:
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The proceedings take the form of a trial, with the Senate having the right to call witnesses and each side having the right to perform
64:
can impeach a party with a simple majority of the House members present or such other criteria as the House adopts in accordance with
3209:
3015:
876:
680:
351:
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itself occurred while he was president. By a 55–45 vote, the Senate rejected a motion asserting that the trial was unconstitutional.
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525:
363:
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119:
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54:
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that later formed the original states of the United States of America held impeachments. Impeachment was a process carried over
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911:
500:
398:
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determines the committee to which it is referred. A resolution impeaching a particular individual is typically referred to the
306:
61:
42:
2858:
1173:
359:
1361:
Senate Manual Containing the Standing Rules, Orders, Laws and Resolutions Affecting the Business of the United States Senate
3190:
2063:
1837:
1424:
943:
760:
198:... shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.
107:
110:
to impeached and convicted persons that would protect them from the consequences of a conviction in an impeachment trial.
325:
214:
172:
The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
26:
1087:
The Campaign to Impeach Justice William O. Douglas: Nixon, Vietnam, and the Conservative Attack on Judicial Independence
524:
In the case of impeachment of the president, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the trial. During the
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510:
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determined that the federal judiciary could not review such proceedings, as matters related to impeachment trials are
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83:
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At the federal level, the impeachment process is typically a three-step procedure. The first phase is typically an
2037:
2221:
Meserve, John Bartlette (December 1938). "Samuel Checote with Sketches of Chiefs Locher Hart and Ward Coachman".
371:
217:
and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of,
106:
conviction is not a punishment, the president of the United States is constitutionally precluded from granting a
366:
suggests a federal judge be impeached, a charge of actions constituting grounds for impeachment may come from a
2607:"HOUSTON'S MAYOR WINS OUSTER TIFF; City Council Censures Him but Drops Impeachment -- Election Nov. 19 Awaited"
1285:
786:
for misdeeds. This is unique in that only a tribe's women are allowed to remove a sachem through this process.
264:
210:
1393:
2372:
1862:
1668:
798:
790:
757:
1986:
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382:. An impeachment proceeding formally begins with a resolution adopted by the full House of Representatives.
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2141:
1648:
1262:
987:
919:
593:
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1887:
2503:"How One Tribe Handled Impeachment of Chief: Joe Bunch Remains Chief, Will Receive "Reprimand""
133:
2240:
2426:"Cherokee chief removed from office: Lambert's impeachment causes anger as primary election draws near"
559:
3132:
2713:
2654:"After Sasse vote, Change Caucus calls for impeachment of UF Student Body President Lauren Lemasters"
732:
700:
95:
473:. After hearing the charges, the Senate usually deliberates in private. The Constitution requires a
3176:
2953:
2895:
2090:"'Your silence votes for you': Citizens of Oglala Sioux Tribe target council over impeachment vote"
1240:
665:
87:
3149:
2451:"Oglala Sioux Tribal Council votes to impeach Vice President Darla Black - Native Sun News Today"
1687:
1017:
802:
405:
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738:
539:
not preside over an impeachment (of anyone besides the president), the duties would fall to the
278:
The Constitution does not limit the number of times an individual may be impeached. As of 2022,
3171:
3122:
1719:
1454:
969:
930:
There are other organizations in the United States that have impeachment procedures, including
720:
712:
505:
346:
2633:
2555:
2011:"Possible impeachment of Tribal President at Northern Cheyenne again? - Native Sun News Today"
397:. A resolution to authorize an investigation regarding impeachable conduct is referred to the
3127:
1987:"n Experiment in Democracy: The politics of impeachment on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation"
1463:
704:
588:
572:
474:
1133:
915:
830:
716:
623:
313:
137:
73:
3012:
974:
Some states were independent governments before being admitted into the United States. In
8:
3038:
2322:"Cecelia Fire Thunder A year of confusion draws to an end for former Oglala Sioux leader"
2179:
Ruling Pine Ridge: Oglala Lakota Politics from the IRA to Wounded Knee (Plains Histories)
2674:"University of Texas at Arlington Student Body President Impeached, Removed From Office"
98:
do as well. Additionally, impeachment is a practice of other government bodies, such as
3006:
3000:
2775:
1653:
1466:
870:
779:
653:; he was subsequently removed from office and barred from holding future office by the
576:
514:
489:
466:
367:
260:
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2959:
2949:
2935:
2916:
2767:
2183:
1568:
1527:
1047:
949:
903:
882:
691:
458:
2168:
Gladstone, Lyn. "Oglala Council Continues Hearing Weighing Charges against Wilson,"
1215:"Senate Republicans unite behind failed effort to challenge Trump impeachment trial"
3043:
2759:
1888:"Puerto Rico Constitution :: Article III - The Legislature :: Section 21"
1553:"Senate kills articles of impeachment against Homeland Security Secretary Mayorkas"
1354:"Rules and Procedures of Practice in the Senate When Sitting on Impeachment Trials"
850:
743:
Other governments and organizations in the United States also utilize impeachment.
724:
610:
437:
390:
21:
2831:
963:
3019:
1810:
1249:
1140:
992:
907:
856:
654:
646:
580:
446:
362:. The impeachment process may be requested by non-members. For example, when the
271:, which commenced 20 days after Trump's term in office expired, although Trump's
1512:"Highlights: Senate rejects impeachment articles against DHS Secretary Mayorkas"
2744:
1744:
1364:
840:
661:
615:
555:
518:
442:
416:
252:
3203:
2972:
2771:
1644:
1286:"How Congress can permanently disqualify Trump from office after impeachment"
1189:"Late Impeachment: An In-Depth Account of the Belknap Trial, by Thomas Berry"
1129:
739:
Impeachment by other government bodies and organizations in the United States
638:
532:
470:
329:
2908:
2270:"Breaking: Cherokee chief impeached by Tribal Council, hearing gets heated"
1683:"If Trump Is Impeached and Convicted, He'll Lose His Post-Presidency Perks"
844:
834:
768:
687:, something that has been often threatened, but had never happened before.
496:
279:
153:
2556:"How Does It Feel to Be Impeached? These Mayors Can Tell You All About It"
1100:
814:
Locher Harjo – impeached and removed in 1876 as chief of the Lower Creeks
2478:"Oglala Sioux Tribal Council votes to impeach Vice President Darla Black"
1619:"Congress Should Remove Trump from Office, But Let Him Run Again in 2020"
669:
38:
34:
2115:
249:
List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded
2779:
375:
263:
was impeached by the House of Representatives hours after resigning as
80:
46:
2581:"Mayor begins impeachment process of Houston councilman; issue tabled"
869:
Darla Black – impeached and removed in 2019 as vice chairwoman of the
316:
tries the accused. In the case of the impeachment of a president, the
1551:
Grisales, Claudia; Sprunt, Barbara; Walsh, Deirdre (April 17, 2024).
906:. One example of an impeachment by a municipal government is that of
895:
633:, escaped impeachment by one vote in 1912. Several others, including
626:
614:
Photograph of a scene from the 1913 impeachment of New York Governor
606:
Impeachment by state and territorial governments of the United States
2763:
2694:"Student Senate unanimously votes to impeach Student Body President"
1155:, 5th Congress, 3rd Session, December 17, 1798, to January 10, 1799.
789:
A notable Native impeachment attempt was the 1975 effort to impeach
746:
328:. Conviction in the Senate requires the concurrence of a two-thirds
128:
3029:
815:
775:
708:
634:
630:
599:
503:
intervention in their impeachment proceedings on these grounds. In
412:
379:
334:
1838:"American Samoa, Amendment 8, Governor Impeachment Measure (2022)"
1510:
Tsirkin, Julie; Thorp V, Frank (April 17, 2024) (April 17, 2024).
731:
also includes all seven members of the state's highest court, the
66:
Article One, Section 2, Clause 5 of the United States Constitution
1128:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
975:
953:
222:
218:
881:
Donna Fisher –impeached and removed in 2022 as president of the
809:
Examples of Native tribal officials that were impeached include:
1315:
964:
Impeachment in independent governments later admitted as states
794:
783:
695:
719:
votes to impeach, an impeachment trial takes place before the
341:
899:
302:
First, the House investigates through an impeachment inquiry.
2529:"Northern Cheyenne Tribal Council Votes to Remove President"
833:–impeached three times in 2005 and 2006 as president of the
820:
Johnathan L. "Ed" Taylor –impeached and removed in 1995 as
723:. In addition to all the members of its upper chamber, the
462:
389:
before the full House votes on it. The type of impeachment
2182:. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. pp. 180–183.
1363:. United States Senate. August 16, 1986. Section 100–126,
2712:
Guzman, Jenna; Troutman, Gabrielle (September 21, 2022).
2373:"Osage Nation Congress impeaches John Red Eagle as chief"
1798:
1745:"Impeachment | Definition, Process, History, & Facts"
1134:
https://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/98-806.pdf
558:
that the articles of impeachment did not comply with the
1018:"The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription"
934:("student government"/"student council") organizations.
29:, the first presidential impeachment trial in US history
2208:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 6–12.
978:, some impeachments took place prior to its statehood.
2038:"Tribal impeachment fight, proceedings set for May 18"
937:
469:
that they will perform their duties honestly and with
583:) have been disqualified from holding future office.
421:
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
3073:
3013:
Constitution Annotated - Resources about Impeachment
2347:"Fire Thunder removal hearing delayed a second time"
2263:
2261:
1863:"Article III, Northern Mariana Islands Constitution"
1649:"Why Trump Can Be Convicted Even as an Ex-President"
1089:(Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2019)
849:
Ben Martinez – impeached in 2016 as a member of the
660:
In addition, the legislatures of the territories of
3026:
Constitutional Grounds for Presidential Impeachment
2800:
2798:
2796:
1930:Niedzwaidek, Nick; Golway, Terry (August 3, 2021).
385:An impeachment resolution may first pass through a
245:
List of United States senators expelled or censured
1768:New York State Constitution, Article VI, § 24
1252:, Congressional Research Service, October 29, 2015
1106:. Congressional Research Service. pp. 15–16.
2258:
1929:
1425:"Essays on Article I: Punishment for Impeachment"
747:Tribal governments and other tribal organizations
3201:
2793:
2064:"As Tribal Leaders, Women Still Fight Old Views"
1348:
1346:
1344:
1263:"U.S. Senate: Constitution of the United States"
843:– impeached and removed in 2014 as chief of the
600:Impeachment by state and territorial governments
441:Depiction of the impeachment trial of President
16:Procedure of officially accusing a civil officer
2553:
2116:"No. 709: The Iroquois and the U.S. Government"
1550:
1472:
1394:"What would Trump have to do to get impeached?"
565:
2711:
2295:"BOARD VOTES TO IMPEACH CHEROKEE INDIAN CHIEF"
1509:
1337:Senators sworn in for Trump impeachment trial
1208:
1206:
1040:
875:Joe Brunch –impeached in 2020 as chief of the
433:Federal impeachment trial in the United States
350:First day of the Judiciary Committee's formal
124:Federal impeachment trial in the United States
3059:
2554:Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas (October 4, 2019).
1643:
1341:
239:Returns and Qualifications of its own Members
57:as well as at the local level of government.
2929:
2638:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 887.
2476:Chasing Hawk, Ernestine (December 5, 2019).
2475:
1573:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1532:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1212:
1186:
1101:"Report No. R44260, Impeachment and Removal"
1099:Cole, J. P.; Garvey, T. (October 29, 2015).
1092:
550:On April 17, 2024, the Senate trial for the
352:impeachment hearings against President Nixon
168:of the United States Constitution provides:
160:
3105:Article I of the United States Constitution
2930:Black, Charles L.; Bobbitt, Philip (2018).
2850:
2400:"Mescalero tribal council member impeached"
1777:
1674:
1203:
342:Impeachment in the House of Representatives
134:impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton
86:can impeach state officials, including the
3066:
3052:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2398:Stallings, Dianne L. (November 29, 2016).
1932:"Here's how impeachment works in New York"
1806:"House votes to impeach Blagojevich again"
1577:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1536:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1447:
1146:
1098:
2806:"About Impeachment | Historical Overview"
2743:Hoffer, Peter C.; Hull, N. E. H. (1978).
2671:
2397:
2175:
1966:. Bureau of Indian Affairs. February 1984
1714:
1712:
1710:
1311:"Judgment - Removal and Disqualification"
1283:
910:, who was removed through impeachment as
877:United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians
681:Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
282:is the only federal officer to have been
3084:Impeachment inquiry in the United States
2971:
2948:
2913:Impeachment: The Constitutional Problems
2267:
2087:
1771:
898:governments allow for officials such as
889:
609:
526:second impeachment trial of Donald Trump
436:
364:Judicial Conference of the United States
345:
269:second impeachment trial of Donald Trump
225:, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
143:
127:
120:Federal impeachment in the United States
20:
2856:
2733:
2220:
2139:
2035:
1984:
1637:
1625:from the original on September 28, 2019
1617:Foley, Edward B. (September 25, 2019).
1593:"Judgment—Removal and Disqualification"
1273:from the original on February 10, 2014.
150:first impeachment trial of Donald Trump
3202:
3001:An Overview of the Impeachment Process
2907:
2631:
2319:
2088:Abourezk, Kevin (September 17, 2020).
1985:Wagoner, Paula L. (January 17, 2007).
1780:"Embattled Gov. Eric Greitens resigns"
1720:"Gubernatorial impeachment procedures"
1707:
1667:Article I, Clause 7, Section 3 of the
1485:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
1429:The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
1374:from the original on December 19, 2019
1236:
1234:
1232:
1113:from the original on December 19, 2019
925:
426:
113:
90:, in accordance with their respective
3047:
2691:
2206:Wounded Knee 1973: A Personal Account
2203:
2061:
1818:from the original on January 19, 2009
1695:from the original on January 14, 2021
1680:
1616:
1132:. An earlier version from 2005 is at
1028:from the original on January 31, 2017
177:Article I, Section 3, Clauses 6 and 7
3191:Impeachment in the Thirteen Colonies
2859:"Ruminations Impeachment in Vermont"
2824:
2651:
2535:. Associated Press. February 3, 2022
2423:
2113:
1913:"Article VII, Missouri Constitution"
1491:from the original on August 30, 2019
1435:from the original on August 30, 2019
1422:
1404:from the original on August 26, 2018
1058:from the original on October 7, 2019
944:Impeachment in the Thirteen Colonies
761:Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
454:sworn in for the impeachment trial.
53:. Impeachment might also occur with
3165:Court for the Trial of Impeachments
2714:"BREAKING: Brown/Barreto impeached"
2320:Melmer, David (December 27, 2006).
1478:
1229:
938:Impeachment during the Colonial Era
541:president pro tempore of the Senate
519:could not be resolved in the courts
326:vice president of the United States
27:Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson
13:
2901:
2894:from websites or documents of the
2672:Reyes • •, Jacob (April 5, 2022).
2268:Margulis, Abigail (May 24, 2017).
2062:Davey, Monica (February 4, 2006).
1481:"Essays on Article I: Impeachment"
1284:Millhiser, Ian (January 8, 2021).
859:–impeached and removed in 2017 as
729:Court of the Trial of Impeachments
318:chief justice of the United States
14:
3221:
3115:State and territorial impeachment
2994:
2745:"The First American Impeachments"
2658:The Independent Florida Alligator
2652:Gary, Alissa (November 3, 2022).
2142:"The Iroquois Way of Impeachment"
1786:from the original on June 2, 2018
1597:LII / Legal Information Institute
1213:David Morgan (January 26, 2021).
1052:LII / Legal Information Institute
643:Illinois House of Representatives
552:Impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas
3210:Impeachment in the United States
3075:Impeachment in the United States
2890: This article incorporates
2885:
2857:Gillies, Paul S. (Spring 2020).
2838:. ORL Research. February 9, 2004
2832:"Impeachment of State Officials"
2036:Steward, Kristy (May 12, 2017).
1123:
865:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
826:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
801:. This immediately preceded the
765:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
395:House Committee on the Judiciary
372:state or territorial legislature
49:has provisions for it under its
2642:
2625:
2599:
2573:
2547:
2521:
2495:
2469:
2443:
2417:
2391:
2365:
2339:
2313:
2287:
2233:
2214:
2159:
2140:Dziamka, Kaz (March 24, 2007).
2133:
2107:
2081:
2055:
2029:
2003:
1978:
1949:
1923:
1905:
1880:
1855:
1830:
1778:Suntrup, Jack; Erickson, Kurt.
1762:
1737:
1681:Choma, Russ (January 8, 2021).
1661:
1610:
1585:
1544:
1503:
1416:
1386:
1330:
1303:
1277:
1255:
138:Chief Justice William Rehnquist
3039:U.S. Senate : Impeachment
3007:Congressional Research Service
2977:Impeachment: A Citizen's Guide
2880:
2752:The William and Mary Quarterly
2692:Huynh, Mandy (April 5, 2022).
2635:The Encyclopedia of Louisville
1180:
1158:
1079:
1070:
1010:
837:, removed on third impeachment
778:(Haudenosaunee) Confederacy's
265:United States Secretary of War
166:Article I, Section 2, Clause 5
1:
2204:Lyman, Stanley David (1991).
1669:Constitution of United States
998:
799:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
758:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
3009:at congressionalresearch.com
3003:at congressionalresearch.com
2979:. Harvard University Press.
2915:. Harvard University Press.
2424:Kays, Holly (May 31, 2017).
1003:
988:Censure in the United States
920:Louisville Board of Aldermen
566:Removal and disqualification
488:Beginning in the 1980s with
7:
3024:House Judiciary Committee,
2274:The Asheville Citizen Times
2176:Reinhardt, Akim D. (2007).
1782:. St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
981:
70:a federal impeachment trial
10:
3226:
3018:February 18, 2020, at the
2533:US News & World Report
2299:Greensboro News and Record
1248:November 15, 2019, at the
1166:"U.S. Senate: Impeachment"
967:
941:
603:
560:United States Constitution
430:
289:
154:Chief Justice John Roberts
117:
37:is the process by which a
3185:
3113:
3100:Federal impeachment trial
3090:
3081:
2934:. Yale University Press.
733:New York Court of Appeals
701:Supreme Court of Missouri
672:have impeachment powers.
161:Constitutional provisions
96:United States territories
2955:The Case for Impeachment
2896:United States Government
2632:Kleber, John E. (2001).
2245:digital.libraries.ou.edu
922:(city council) in 1865.
666:Northern Mariana Islands
475:two-thirds supermajority
399:House Committee on Rules
307:House of Representatives
284:impeached more than once
94:. A number of organized
62:House of Representatives
2932:Impeachment: A Handbook
2866:The Vermont Bar Journal
2678:NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth
2455:Native Sun News Today -
2015:Native Sun News Today -
1555:. National Public Radio
1487:. Heritage Foundation.
1431:. Heritage Foundation.
1242:Impeachment and Removal
803:Wounded Knee Occupation
645:voted 117–1 to impeach
445:in 1868, Chief Justice
406:articles of impeachment
322:president of the Senate
2892:public domain material
2812:. United States Senate
2223:Chronicles of Oklahoma
1455:Nixon v. United States
1139:July 24, 2019, at the
1085:Joshua E. Kastenberg,
970:Impeachment in Vermont
721:Nebraska Supreme Court
713:unicameral legislature
618:
506:Nixon v. United States
450:
355:
227:
200:
186:
174:
157:
141:
33:In the United States,
30:
3028:, February 1974, and
2430:smokymountainnews.com
1423:Gerhardt, Michael J.
1187:Thomas Berry (2021).
890:Municipal governments
705:Missouri State Senate
613:
589:Former Presidents Act
573:West Hughes Humphreys
530:President pro tempore
440:
349:
207:
203:Article II, Section 4
193:
189:Article II, Section 2
181:
170:
147:
131:
47:state or commonwealth
24:
2958:, Dey Street Books,
1814:. January 14, 2009.
1647:(January 14, 2021).
1479:Presser, Stephen B.
1176:on December 2, 2010.
1024:. November 4, 2015.
916:Louisville, Kentucky
831:Cecilia Fire Thunder
717:Nebraska Legislature
679:In 2018, the entire
494:District Court Judge
370:, the president, or
337:of senators present.
74:United States Senate
3092:Federal impeachment
2457:. November 26, 2019
2353:. December 20, 2005
2172:, February 23, 1973
926:Other organizations
793:as chairman of the
515:political questions
427:Trial in the Senate
296:impeachment inquiry
114:Federal impeachment
2950:Lichtman, Allan J.
2648:Multiple sources:
2611:The New York Times
2587:. January 24, 2023
2560:The New York Times
2507:Native News Online
2379:. January 21, 2014
2301:. January 24, 2015
2170:Rapid City Journal
2165:Multiple sources:
2114:Lienhard, John H.
2068:The New York Times
2017:. February 2, 2022
1749:www.britannica.com
1654:The New York Times
871:Oglala Sioux Tribe
780:Great Law of Peace
753:tribal governments
651:corruption charges
619:
577:Robert W. Archbald
490:Harry E. Claiborne
479:Secretary of State
459:cross-examinations
451:
368:special prosecutor
356:
354:, May 9, 1974
324:, who is also the
261:William W. Belknap
158:
142:
100:tribal governments
92:state constitution
55:tribal governments
31:
3197:
3196:
2973:Sunstein, Cass R.
2613:. August 28, 1955
2509:. January 8, 2020
1957:"Tribal Programs"
1269:. March 4, 1789.
1022:National Archives
950:Thirteen Colonies
904:Houston, Missouri
883:Northern Cheyenne
725:state of New York
692:impeachment trial
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1172:. Archived from
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851:Mescalero Apache
242:
197:
68:. This triggers
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3181:
3143:Rod Blagojevich
3109:
3086:
3077:
3072:
3020:Wayback Machine
2997:
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2904:
2902:Further reading
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2764:10.2307/1923209
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2718:The Appalachian
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1811:Chicago Tribune
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1367:, pp. 177–185.
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993:Recall election
984:
972:
966:
948:Several of the
946:
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932:students' union
928:
908:Philip Tomppert
892:
861:principal chief
857:Patrick Lambert
822:principal chief
749:
741:
657:on January 29.
655:Illinois Senate
647:Rod Blagojevich
608:
602:
581:Thomas Porteous
568:
447:Salmon P. Chase
435:
429:
413:simple majority
387:House committee
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118:Main articles:
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2995:External links
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2965:978-0062696823
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2836:www.cga.ct.gov
2823:
2810:www.senate.gov
2792:
2758:(4): 653–667.
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1153:Senate Journal
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841:John Red Eagle
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711:, which has a
662:American Samoa
616:William Sulzer
604:Main article:
601:
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594:Secret Service
567:
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556:point of order
443:Andrew Johnson
431:Main article:
428:
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417:House managers
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255:of Tennessee.
253:William Blount
215:Vice President
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