517:
troops were having difficulty in getting the citizens to submit to commands. As well he mentioned that an armed schooner with six guns on board was assisting fugitives. These fugitives were
Acadians trying to escape from British control and fear of deportation. Once the letter got in the hands of Rear Admiral Philip Durell, the successor at Louisbourg, sent Captain Maximillian Jacobs to destroy the ship that was helping the inhabitants flee. During the taking over of Ile Saint-Jean by the British, an Acadian refugee camp in Miramichi, the closest port, area existed from 1756–1759. It was unknown to the British and sheltered Acadians who were escaping deportation. Some inhabitants went there on small boats but the camp was in poor conditions with over a thousand people who ended up dying there from disease and starvation. The people who went to the camp in hopes of a better situation, returned and face deportation since the conditions were incredibly bad. Some escaped into the interior of the island and remained hidden for several years as they lived of stray livestock and wild game. Nicolas Gautier was among those who assisted settlers escaping the north shore of Ile Saint-Jean. Coming from a prominent Acadian family who was known for their opposition to the British. An Acadian historian is noted for saying that Nicolas’ father was one of the most important personages in Acadia in his time. The Gautier family had moved from Acadia to Ile Saint-jean around 1749.
513:
deportation. French administrative officials and military were the first people taken into custody. Neutralizing these people would allow for deportation to proceed more easily. As well the fast capture of French soldier sent a signal to the inhabitants that they should surrender without resistance. The first group of 692 people, including French officials and their families, were deported on August 31, in two ships. The inhabitants were required to surrender themselves and their firearms, and those who did would be taken alive to
Louisbourg on one of the four transports. Civilian prisoners who were delivered to Louisbourg were sent to Europe soon after the military men was deported. As for the military were brought to the newly built fort at Port-la-Joie where they were to eventually be picked up by the transport ships after all inhabitants were brought to Louisbourg. About 100 men of the British military were left at Port-la-Joie to man the fort. Less than a hundred French soldiers at Port-la-Joie, as well as other soldiers from Louisbourg and Ile Royale were shipped off to England. Once in England, some were detained there until the end of the Seven Years' War in 1773 and others were transported to France in the latter half of 1758.
353:
474:
419:
factors of the Ile Saint-Jean campaign were to deport the
Acadians living on Ile Saint-Jean to allow for English and Scottish settlers a place to reside. Other reasons behind the deportation of Acadians from Ile Saint-Jean was part of the general British campaign to eliminate the possibilities of resistance along the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence in anticipation of an assault on Quebec, that was planned for the following year. It was estimated that 11,500 Acadians out of the 14,100 in the region were deported. During the deportation process, a great number of Acadian deaths occurred, making this British campaign one of the deadliest in The Expulsion.
645:
well, at least three ships were destroyed killing the people on board. 103 Acadians died on the Ruby when it ran aground in the Azores. Two other larger ships Duke
William and Violet sank in the mid-Atlantic resulting in an estimated 756 exiles deaths. Duke William managed to get a leak, that kept afloat for some time by the empty casks in the hold. But eventually, an explosion occurred on the boat, as well as it being overcrowded lead to its sinking. Through record logs of ships used in the transport of the Acadians during deportation from Ile Saint-Jean, there were stops in English and French ports. A log of the
508:
Hind had left
Louisberg, Villejouim had been aware that the British were coming to remove him and his military. The convoy that came was not fully expected from Villejouim instead, he assumed a packet boat was to arrive. It is suggested that the inhabitants were not completely blindsided once the surrender occurred. Instead, there were most likely preparations in place if they needed to defend the island. On August 18, Rollo's men travelled up what is now called the
649:, the warship used by Lieutenant-Colonel Rollo, for the transportation to and from Ile Saint-Jean and for convoying transports that evacuated the inhabitants were important records. As well, The French National Archives held documents concerning the arrival of transports in France. Within the archives are lists of inhabitants from Ile Saint-Jean who debarked from seven transports at St. Malo, as well as the names of individuals who died on the vessels en route.
500:, and deport the Acadians. When Rolo took over the Island he found British scalps in the French governor's possessions. On 8 August 1758, a large party with the Light Infantry of the 22nd, 40th, and 45th Regiments and 143 Rangers under the command of Lord Rollo of the 22nd Regiment sailed for the Island of St. Johns. Rollo proceeded to Ile Saint-jean with 500 men on four transport ships: King of Prussia, Dunbar, Bristol, and Catherine.
36:
597:
708:
Ile Saint-Jean are not known when taking into account people who died along the way or escaped. The occurrence of deportation of the
Acadian people in 1758 represented the beginning of the journey that has taken Acadians around the world. Places like France, Caribbean, Louisiana, St. Pierre and much more were where Acadians ended up for a few years.
545:
winter. It was noted by Durell the settlers who remained were mostly women, children, and the sick. Another letter sent on the same day, November 5, from Durell reported he received a letter from Bond indicated his 16 ships, with 2,000 citizens, had been deported to France. These ships were sent as cartel ships to secure them from capture.
394:) remained in French hands. Over the next forty-five years the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During this time period Acadians participated in various militia operations against the British and maintained vital supply lines to the French Fortresses of Louisbourg and Fort Beausejour.
544:
At the end of
October, British efforts to deport prisoners were beginning to come to a close. On the 30th of October, the master of a sloop which arrived in Louisbourg reported 1,600 inhabitants of the island had been put on the ship. There were around 600 remaining settlers who were to stay for the
540:
died of disease, most of them children. Historian Earle
Lockerby estimates that 255 out of 560 passengers died. Another transfer occurred with two ships, Sukey and Mary, where 600 prisoners were sent to St. Malo from Louisbourg. The Mary was loaded with prisoners from Ile Saint-Jean as for the other
516:
Not every inhabitant of the island submitted to
British orders and turned themselves in. In a letter sent by Rollo dated October 10 that “numbers have fled to Canada and carried off great quantities of cattle by means of 4 Schooners” Another letter from Captain Bond dated October 12, stated that the
707:
Sadly for inhabitants of Ile Saint-Jean, some were forced to be deported for the second time during Rollo's forces that occurred on the island. They were previously deported from the mainland in 1755 and shipped to the
Carolinas where they had returned from since. The real numbers of inhabitants of
484:
On July 26, 1758, Governor Augustin de Boschenry de Drucou surrendered at Louisbourg to the British, which changed the fate of Ile Saint-Jean residents. The removal of French troops and the fate of the civilians were not addressed until a few days later when under British policy, it came clear that
418:
After conceding loss, the Acadian citizens refused to sign an oath of allegiance to Britain which would make them loyal to the British crown. Therefore, on July 28, 1755 British Lieutenant Governor Charles Lawrence, as well as the Nova Scotia Council, made the decision to deport the Acadians. Some
507:
with four transports and a schooner at around 2 pm. A boat with a truce flag raised came out of the harbor to meet them. Around 3 pm, the Hind fired a gun representing the Fort being surrendered. Gabriel Rousseau de Villejouim, Ile Saint-Jean's major and commandment surrendered the island. As the
644:
Some of the Acadians began arriving in ports in France by November. An official reported that when they arrived the deportees were stripped of everything they owned. The ones who made it through the ship were the lucky ones because almost half of the people died on the trip across the ocean. As
512:
and brought back French prisoners, as well as three cannons that had probably been installed by the French at present-day Rams Island, near Frenchfort.Rollo expected around four hundred to five hundred people, but instead was met with ten times that amount when the military began the process of
640:
Approximately 150 Acadians remained on the island by mid-1759. Although the other military campaigns against the Acadians during the war included burning their villages, the orders in this campaign did not include instructions to do so. Rollo was instructed to save the homes for
397:
Ile Saint-Jean began to change complexion from French to Acadian throughout the years following. The population continued to increase, from 1749-1755 the population quadrupled to around three thousand, making Ile Saint-Jean an essential part of the overall Acadian community.
378:
Due to the fertile lands on Ile Saint-Jean, many Acadians chose it as a settlement. Another deciding factor was that the Governor-General Vaudreuil of New France believed the Acadians would prefer Ile Saint-Jean even though it was more defenceless against English attacks.
541:
ship was carrying people mainly from Louisbourg and Ile Royale. There were also an additional 14 ships that were used as transports used in the deportation of Ile Saint-Jean. The Journal of Boscawen shows the list of the Vessels which was written on September 11, 1758.
636:
All the families from the communities of Malpec, Tracadie and Étang des Berges seem to have evaded the deportation as well as a number of families settled on the rivière du Nord-Est who seem to have gone to Ristigouche with the Gauthiers, Bujolds and Haché-Gallants.
485:
the deportations of all inhabitants of Ile Saint-jean were to occur. The defeated French governor, Drucou, sent along a few of his officers from Louisbourg to inform the inhabitants and military on Ile Saint-Jean about the surrender and deportation.
604:
While the majority of Acadians surrendered along with Villejouin, roughly 1,250 Acadians (30%) did not. Many of these Acadians fled the island. The French and Acadians arranged for four schooners, one mounted with six guns, at Malpec (present day
329:
The percentage of deported Acadians who died during this expulsion made it the deadliest of all the deportations during the Expulsion (1755–1762). The total number of Acadians deported during this campaign was second only to that of the
609:) to transport Acadians fleeing the island. Because of Malpec's distance from Port-la-Joye, it was out of reach of the British patrols. Acadians manage to leave the island and to reach French military leader
633:). Acadians Joseph Leblanc dit Le Maigre and the brothers Pierre and Joseph Gautier played important roles in assisting these Acadians to escape. The Mi'kmaq offered some assistance to the Acadians' escape.
410:(1756–1763), the British sought both to neutralize any military threat Acadians posed and to interrupt the vital supply lines Acadians provided to Louisbourg by deporting Acadians from Nova Scotia.
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where they scalped two English people and returned to Villejouin with the scalps and a prisoner. (Rollo found numerous British scalps at the Governor's house when he took over Ile St. Jean. )
163:
439:
96:
371:
French settlers were given the choice to remove themselves from Nova Scotia or pledge allegiance to the British. The majority of French settlers and Acadians chose to move to
600:
Pierre Douville (1745–1794) - only known image of Ile St.-Jean resident prior to Expulsion of the Acadians. Douville was age 12 when deported. Portrait was made c. 1790.
581:
All the settlers from the largest village, Havre Saint-Pierre (St. Peter's Harbour), were deported. Acadians were deported from areas from Port-la-Joye, such as Bedec (
156:
532:. Of the three thousand deportees included, roughly 600 had been shipped over to Ile Royale earlier and then sent across the Atlantic well before Nov. 4 on the
352:
149:
1472:
610:
357:
100:
1298:, p. 415; In late 1761, Captain Roderick Mackenzie and his force capture over 330 Acadians at Bourdon's camp on the Resitgouche River (See
1512:
688:
in a number of armed vessels, destroying the villages as they went, including Beausoleil, home to the Broussards. Simultaneously, Colonel
141:
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to Nova Scotia to pillage and harass the English during this time. In the summer of 1756, for example, Villejouin sent seven Mi'kmaq to
1502:
133:
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led the British deportation operations. Amherst ordered Rollo to take possession of Ile Saint-Jean, build Fort Amherst on the site of
375:, present day Cape Breton Island. Ile Royale formed as a French colony that consisted of two islands, Ile Royale and Ile Saint-Jean.
509:
1467:
1492:
129:
669:
led to the capture of several hundred Acadians at Boishébert's refugee camp at Petit-Rochelle (which was located at present-day
1190:
1396:
1375:
1354:
907:
884:
582:
473:
223:
578:. Eight transports made it to France. In total, about 1,500 Acadians died en route to France by disease or drowning.
662:
258:
1497:
1462:
1001:
368:
happened in 1710. The British were now in possession of Acadia, present Nova Scotia, due to the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht.
1119:
Georges Arsenault. The Malpeque Bay Acadians: 1728–1758. The Island Magazine, Number 66 (Fall/Winter 2010), p. 2–9.
465:. According to one historian, this wave of operations was more brutal and considerably more devastating than the first.
606:
590:
1507:
1487:
1207:
816:
629:. On the Restigouche River, Jean-François Bourdon de Dombourg also had a refugee camp at Petit-Rochelle (present-day
1212:
739:
343:
121:
697:
520:
As the deportation operation continued, on October 14, a schooner arrived at Port-la-Joye from Pointe-Prime (now
458:
218:
193:
1522:
1517:
1346:
A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland
586:
497:
233:
1447:
1407:
990:
493:
477:
461:) in 1758, the British began operations to deport Acadians from Ile St. Jean, Ile Royale, and present-day
431:
331:
315:
228:
171:
91:
670:
630:
203:
1217:
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and 50 other Acadians. On October 20, Doiron and his family embarked on the ill-fated transport the
521:
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685:
454:
365:
248:
243:
173:
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693:
268:
876:
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319:
895:
866:
1276:
762:
666:
278:
273:
213:
208:
198:
178:
112:
1386:
1365:
1344:
435:
434:. Many Acadians fled those operations to the French colony of Ile Saint-Jean, now known as
309:
125:
65:
8:
1280:
701:
564:
529:
407:
297:
263:
1426:
By Stephen Hornsby, John G. Reid. McGill-Queen's University Press. 2005. pp. 59–73
1340:
913:
387:
116:
1392:
1371:
1350:
903:
880:
812:
626:
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On November 4, 12 transport ships headed out of Port-la-Joye. One was wrecked in the
443:
1422:
Geoffrey Plank. "New England Soldiers in the Saint John River Valley: 1758–1760" in
917:
657:
After the Ile Saint-Jean campaign began, Major General Amherst dispatched Brigadier
585:), La Traverse (Cape Traverse), Riviere des Blonds (Tryon), and Riviere au Crapeau (
1187:
614:
553:
867:"Indian-White Relations in Nova Scotia, 1749-61: A Study in Political Interaction"
1194:
689:
549:
489:
391:
305:
61:
809:
The "Conquest" of Acadia, 1710: Imperial, Colonial, and Aboriginal Constructions
323:
1430:
1076:
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The British also went along the northern shore of Baie Françoise (present-day
1456:
575:
570:
462:
383:
677:
658:
622:
525:
503:
On August 17, Rollo approached the harbor at Port-la-Joye on the warship
1424:
New England and the Maritime provinces: connections and comparisons
1208:"Bourdon de Dombourg, Jean-François (b. 1720, d. in or after 1798)"
312:) or had taken refuge there from earlier deportation operations.
1161:
596:
1115:
1113:
680:). In November, Major George Scott and several hundred men from
559:
1110:
35:
1182:, p. 414; also see History: Commodore Byron's Conquest.
296:
was a series of military operations in fall 1758, during the
872:
The Acadiensis Reader: Atlantic Canada Before Confederation
1317:
1224:
1086:
1408:"The Deportation of the Acadians from Ile St.-Jean, 1758"
1257:
The Acadian Exiles: A Chronicle of the Land of Evangeline
1137:
1127:
1125:
1057:
869:. In P.A. Buckner; Gail G. Campbell; David Frank (eds.).
778:
776:
774:
1367:
The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760
1305:
962:
960:
958:
956:
1282:
Louisbourg, from Its Foundation to Its Fall, 1713-1758
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937:
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848:
846:
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842:
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771:
764:
The History of Rogers' Rangers: The First Green Berets
788:
953:
613:'s refugee camp, known as "Camp de l'Espérance", on
1435:
Journal of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society
1285:. London: Macmillan. pp. 417–423, Appendix 11.
1081:
Journal of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society
924:
837:
825:
767:. San Mateo, California: San Francisco p. 34.
641:British-sponsored settlers that might come later.
896:"1744–1763: Colonial Wars and Aboriginal Peoples"
1454:
1388:Deportation of the Prince Edward Island Acadians
1188:http://www.acadian.org/La%20Petite-Rochelle.html
900:The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History
589:), as well as other settlements in present-day
1216:. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.).
743:. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.).
692:, in command of 2,000 troops, engaged in
611:Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot
358:Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot
318:led a force of 500 British troops (including
101:Charles Deschamps de Boishébert et de Raffetot
157:
902:. University of Toronto Press. p. 144.
438:. Ile Saint-Jean's major and commandant was
898:. In Phillip Buckner; John G. Reid (eds.).
875:(3rd ed.). Acadiensis Press. pp.
1025:Rodger, Andrew (1983). "Nicolas Gautier".
756:
754:
665:. After Wolfe had left the area, the 1760
164:
150:
1473:Military history of the Thirteen Colonies
893:
864:
536:. Almost half of the people on board the
1405:
1384:
1339:
1311:
1295:
1275:
1269:
1259:. Toronto: Glasgow, Brook & Company.
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1063:
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978:
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661:to the northeast along the coast in the
595:
472:
351:
326:) to take possession of Ile Saint-Jean.
1431:Noel Doiron and the East Hants Acadians
1363:
1323:
1299:
1254:
1077:Noel Doiron and the East Hants Acadians
831:
751:
700:. The British also conducted a similar
413:
1455:
1205:
1024:
732:
40:Isle Saint-Jean before the deportation
1069:
728:
726:
621:. The Acadians also managed to reach
337:
145:
1513:Battles of the French and Indian War
1333:
806:
663:Gulf of St. Lawrence campaign (1758)
1274:For the campaign to the Gaspé, see
807:Reid, John G.; et al. (2004).
401:
13:
1441:
723:
607:Malpeque Bay, Prince Edward Island
591:Kings County, Prince Edward Island
175:Seven Years' War in North America:
14:
1534:
1503:Conflicts in Prince Edward Island
1210:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
737:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
1370:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1213:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
761:Loescher, Burt Garfield (1969).
740:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
468:
344:Military history of the Acadians
34:
1468:Military history of New England
1406:Lockerby, Earle (Spring 1998).
1289:
1263:
1248:
1199:
1173:
1083:, Vol. 11, 2008, pp 45–60.
1018:
995:
984:
811:. University of Toronto Press.
494:Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Rollo
442:. Villejouin occasionally sent
316:Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Rollo
1493:Indigenous conflicts in Canada
894:Patterson, Stephen E. (1994).
858:
800:
440:Gabriel Rousseau de Villejouin
97:Gabriel Rousseau de Villejouin
1:
865:Patterson, Stephen E (1998).
711:
29:Part of French and Indian War
1448:London Magazine 1758, p. 537
1437:, Vol. 11, 2008, pp 45 – 60.
1349:. W.W Norton & Company.
1255:Doughty, Aurthur G. (1916).
991:London Magazine 1758, p. 537
652:
478:Andrew Rollo, 5th Lord Rollo
432:Bay of Fundy campaign (1755)
332:Bay of Fundy campaign (1755)
92:Andrew Rollo, 5th Lord Rollo
7:
1218:University of Toronto Press
745:University of Toronto Press
716:
522:Eldon, Prince Edward Island
457:on Ile Royale (present-day
10:
1539:
1498:Conflicts in New Brunswick
1463:Military history of Acadia
1170:, pp. 17, 24, 26, 56.
488:Under orders from General
382:The Acadian mainland (now
341:
735:"Ile Saint-Jean campaign"
671:Pointe-Ă -la-Croix, Quebec
631:Pointe-Ă -la-Croix, Quebec
348:Expulsion of the Acadians
189:
180:The French and Indian War
106:
85:
44:
33:
28:
23:
1508:History of the Maritimes
1488:Conflicts in Nova Scotia
1429:S. Scott and T. Scott, "
1385:Lockerby, Earle (2008).
1075:S. Scott and T. Scott, "
619:Miramichi, New Brunswick
459:Cape Breton, Nova Scotia
356:Marquis de Boishébert -
1206:Rodger, Andrew (1979).
733:Rodger, Andrew (1979).
366:Conquest of Nova Scotia
322:leading his company of
294:Ile Saint-Jean campaign
24:Ile Saint-Jean campaign
16:1758 military operation
1364:Grenier, John (2008).
601:
481:
428:Father Le Loutre's War
361:
86:Commanders and leaders
1523:1759 in North America
1518:1758 in North America
667:Battle of Restigouche
599:
476:
426:began in 1755, after
355:
113:40th Regiment of Foot
52:October–November 1758
918:10.3138/j.ctt15jjfrm
455:capturing Louisbourg
436:Prince Edward Island
414:Earlier Deportations
386:), and the islands (
310:Prince Edward Island
304:who either lived on
259:Gulf of St. Lawrence
126:Wabanaki Confederacy
66:Prince Edward Island
1341:Faragher, John Mack
1326:, pp. 198–200.
702:Cape Sable campaign
480:, British commander
302:deport the Acadians
219:2nd Northeast Coast
194:1st Northeast Coast
1233:, pp. 60, 63.
1193:2010-12-24 at the
1184:The Canadian Press
1095:, pp. 28, 67.
694:a similar campaign
602:
510:Hillsborough River
482:
424:these deportations
422:The first wave of
388:Cape Breton Island
362:
338:Historical context
183:, Atlantic theater
1483:Conflicts in 1759
1478:Conflicts in 1758
1398:978-1-55109-650-6
1377:978-0-8061-3876-3
1356:978-0-393-05135-3
1334:Secondary sources
1146:, pp. 24–26.
1066:, pp. 80–81.
909:978-1-4875-1676-5
886:978-0-919107-44-1
686:Petitcodiac River
627:Restigouche River
623:Baie des Chaleurs
617:near present-day
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249:Petitcodiac River
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1312:Faragher (2005)
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1306:
1302:, p. 211).
1296:Faragher (2005)
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1180:Faragher (2005)
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1046:
1040:Lockerby (2008)
1038:
1034:
1023:
1019:
1013:Lockerby (2008)
1011:
1007:
1000:
996:
989:
985:
979:Lockerby (2008)
977:
973:
967:Faragher (2005)
965:
954:
948:Lockerby (1998)
946:
925:
910:
891:
887:
863:
859:
853:Lockerby (2008)
851:
838:
830:
826:
819:
805:
801:
795:Lockerby (2008)
793:
789:
783:Faragher (2005)
781:
772:
759:
752:
731:
724:
719:
714:
690:Robert Monckton
682:Fort Cumberland
655:
550:Strait of Canso
490:Jeffery Amherst
471:
416:
404:
392:Isle Saint-Jean
350:
342:Main articles:
340:
290:
289:
288:
283:
185:
179:
174:
172:
170:
134:Mi'kmaq militia
124:
117:Roger's Rangers
115:
99:
77:British victory
69:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1536:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1427:
1420:
1403:
1397:
1382:
1376:
1361:
1355:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:Grenier (2008)
1316:
1314:, p. 405.
1304:
1300:Grenier (2008)
1288:
1277:McLennan, J.S.
1262:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1198:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1032:
1017:
1005:
994:
983:
971:
952:
923:
908:
885:
857:
836:
832:Grenier (2008)
824:
817:
799:
787:
785:, p. 403.
770:
750:
721:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
698:St. John River
684:sailed up the
654:
651:
470:
467:
415:
412:
403:
400:
339:
336:
324:Rogers Rangers
306:Ile Saint-Jean
285:
284:
282:
281:
276:
271:
269:St. John River
266:
261:
256:
254:Ile Saint-Jean
251:
246:
244:2nd Louisbourg
241:
236:
231:
229:1st Louisbourg
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
190:
187:
186:
169:
168:
161:
154:
146:
138:
137:
122:Acadia militia
119:
109:
108:
107:Units involved
104:
103:
94:
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
62:Ile Saint-Jean
60:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
31:
30:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1535:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1272:, p. 55;
1271:
1266:
1258:
1251:
1245:, p. 79.
1244:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1158:, p. 27.
1157:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1134:, p. 68.
1133:
1128:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1107:, p. 70.
1106:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1060:
1054:, p. 26.
1053:
1048:
1042:, p. 24.
1041:
1036:
1028:
1021:
1015:, p. 15.
1014:
1009:
1003:
998:
992:
987:
981:, p. 62.
980:
975:
968:
963:
961:
959:
957:
949:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
919:
915:
911:
905:
901:
897:
888:
882:
878:
874:
873:
868:
861:
854:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
833:
828:
820:
818:0-8020-8538-5
814:
810:
803:
797:, p. 85.
796:
791:
784:
779:
777:
775:
766:
765:
757:
755:
746:
742:
741:
736:
729:
727:
722:
709:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
650:
648:
642:
638:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
598:
594:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
572:
567:
566:
561:
557:
556:
551:
546:
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
514:
511:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
486:
479:
475:
469:1758 Campaign
466:
464:
463:New Brunswick
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
411:
409:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
384:New Brunswick
380:
376:
374:
369:
367:
359:
354:
349:
345:
335:
333:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
311:
308:(present-day
307:
303:
299:
295:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
239:2nd Lunenburg
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
224:1st Lunenburg
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
188:
182:
177:
167:
162:
160:
155:
153:
148:
147:
144:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
118:
114:
111:
110:
105:
102:
98:
95:
93:
90:
89:
84:
76:
73:
72:
67:
64:(present-day
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1434:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1387:
1366:
1345:
1319:
1307:
1291:
1281:
1265:
1256:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1211:
1201:
1183:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1100:
1088:
1080:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1008:
997:
986:
974:
899:
871:
860:
827:
808:
802:
790:
763:
738:
706:
678:Bay of Fundy
675:
656:
646:
643:
639:
635:
603:
580:
569:
565:Duke William
563:
554:
547:
543:
537:
533:
530:Duke William
519:
515:
504:
502:
498:Port-la-Joye
487:
483:
452:
421:
417:
405:
396:
381:
377:
370:
364:The British
363:
328:
320:James Rogers
314:
293:
291:
253:
234:Bloody Creek
209:Bay of Fundy
1418:(2): 45–94.
659:James Wolfe
526:Noel Doiron
524:) carrying
448:Fort Edward
430:, with the
406:During the
274:Restigouche
214:Petitcodiac
1457:Categories
1412:Acadiensis
1391:. Nimbus.
712:References
576:Land's End
373:Ile Royale
279:St. John's
264:Cape Sable
1029:: 338–40.
653:Aftermath
574:sank off
204:Chignecto
1343:(2005).
1279:(1918).
1191:Archived
717:Endnotes
625:and the
199:Cape Ray
57:Location
892:•
877:105-106
696:on the
587:Crapaud
583:Bedeque
558:on the
444:Mi'kmaq
1395:
1374:
1353:
1002:p. 281
916:
906:
883:
815:
571:Violet
562:, and
560:Azores
453:After
360:(1753)
74:Result
1416:XXVII
914:JSTOR
300:, to
1393:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1351:ISBN
904:ISBN
881:ISBN
813:ISBN
647:Hind
568:and
555:Ruby
538:Mary
534:Mary
505:Hind
390:and
346:and
292:The
132:and
49:Date
1433:,"
1079:,"
1027:DCB
1459::
1414:.
1410:.
1124:^
1112:^
955:^
926:^
912:.
879:.
839:^
773:^
753:^
725:^
704:.
673:)
593:.
552:,
492:,
334:.
1401:.
1380:.
1359:.
1220:.
969:.
950:.
920:.
889:.
855:.
834:.
821:.
747:.
165:e
158:t
151:v
136:)
128:(
68:)
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