121:
633:
104:
142:
369:
382:
measured about 14 centimetres (5.5 in) long and had a wingspan of 37 centimetres (15 in). It closely resembled modern bats, but had some primitive traits. The tail was much longer and not connected to the hind legs with a skin membrane, the first wing finger bore a claw and the body was
320:, making it the earliest bat genus known from complete skeletons, and the earliest known bat from North America. Multiple exceptionally preserved specimens, among the best preserved bat fossils, are known from the
206:
415:
1295:
914:
Rietbergen, Tim B.; Ostende, Lars W. van den Hoek; Aase, Arvid; Jones, Matthew F.; Medeiros, Edward D.; Simmons, Nancy B. (12 April 2023).
1364:
1282:
1359:
1120:
904:
120:
1213:
1178:
818:
112:
1153:
1108:
The Simon & Schuster
Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Creatures: A Visual Who's Who of Prehistoric Life
1082:
to extant bat lineages, with comments on the evolution of echolocation and foraging strategies in
Microchiroptera"
1349:
1369:
1065:
383:
more flexible. Similarly, it had a full set of relatively unspecialised teeth, similar to those of a modern
141:
975:
Russell, D. E.; Louis, P.; Savage, D. E. (1973). "Chiroptera and
Dermoptera of the French early Eocene".
1326:
1237:
391:
slept while hanging upside down, holding onto a tree branch or stone ridge with its hind legs.
1300:
1170:
1164:
916:"The oldest known bat skeletons and their implications for Eocene chiropteran diversification"
1321:
1313:
321:
1354:
1269:
1009:
996:
Smith, T.; Rana, R. S.; Missiaen, P.; Rose, K. D.; Sahni, A.; Singh, H.; Singh, L. (2007).
927:
867:
8:
1112:
855:
638:
1013:
958:
931:
915:
871:
1145:
136:
1308:
1219:
1209:
1184:
1174:
1149:
1139:
1126:
1116:
1106:
1035:
984:
963:
945:
900:
883:
545:
421:
1025:
1017:
953:
935:
875:
841:
833:
654:
879:
360:
were proposed to be removed from the genus due to them not being closely related.
1192:
940:
562:
511:
409:
302:
1048:
1260:
647:
558:
540:
532:
524:
506:
498:
480:
472:
460:
456:
433:
103:
1021:
837:
1343:
997:
988:
949:
341:
61:
1223:
1188:
1130:
368:
1196:
1039:
967:
887:
340:
is based on well-preserved fragments of dentaries and lower teeth found in
1030:
897:
The
Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals
448: β
846:
328:
Fragmentary material from France has also been tentatively placed within
36:
1287:
1105:
Cox, Barry; Harrison, Colin; Savage, R. J. G.; Gardiner, Brian (1999).
81:
46:
315:
153:
86:
1231:
1254:
751:
173:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
91:
66:
1274:
746:
310:
183:
163:
998:"High bat (Chiroptera) diversity in the Early Eocene of India"
384:
977:
University of
California Publications in Geological Sciences
348:
also from the Green River
Formation was distinguished from
913:
699:
428:
248:
1104:
306:
193:
1138:
Naish, Darren; Wyse, Liz (2001). Parsons, Jayne (ed.).
425:, in a series leading to extant microchiropteran bats.
1169:. Smithsonian Handbooks. Dorling Kindersley. p.
995:
733:
286:
628:
278:
265:
253:
241:
974:
273:
678:
676:
1341:
782:
387:. Its anatomy suggests that, like modern bats,
1063:
816:
776:
721:
682:
673:
437:to be sister to the North American species of
400:
1046:
800:
788:
324:of North America. The best known species is
111:Cast of Icaronycteris index holotype at the
1162:
791:, Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships
119:
102:
1137:
1029:
957:
939:
858:(1966). "Early Eocene bat from Wyoming".
845:
704:
819:"Fossil evidence and the origin of bats"
367:
1166:Dinosaurs and Other Prehistoric Animals
1064:Simmons, N. B.; Geisler, J. H. (1998).
817:Gunnell, G. F.; Simmons, N. B. (2005).
1342:
1203:
894:
854:
764:
745:The name relates the mythic flight of
710:
260:
226:
1236:
1235:
794:
695:
693:
691:
1047:Simmons, N. B.; Conway, T. (1998).
758:
755:, the genus of "hollow-faced bats".
715:
13:
1097:
113:American Museum of Natural History
14:
1381:
688:
631:
407:is the first genus, followed by
274:Russell, Louis & Savage 1973
140:
34:
1365:Eocene mammals of North America
1066:"Phylogenetic relationships of
1208:. Welcome Books. p. 119.
826:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
770:
739:
727:
363:
1:
1360:Fossil taxa described in 1966
899:. London: Marshall Editions.
880:10.1126/science.154.3754.1333
661:
941:10.1371/journal.pone.0283505
394:
7:
624:
10:
1386:
1163:Richardson, Hazel (2003).
809:
777:Simmons & Geisler 1998
722:Simmons & Geisler 1998
683:Gunnell & Simmons 2005
401:Simmons & Geisler 1998
1244:
1206:The Big Book Of Dinosaurs
1022:10.1007/s00114-007-0280-9
838:10.1007/s10914-005-6945-2
801:Simmons & Conway 1998
789:Simmons & Conway 1998
560:
542:
534:
526:
508:
500:
482:
474:
458:
450:
238:
233:
137:Scientific classification
135:
127:
118:
110:
101:
23:
895:Palmer, D., ed. (1999).
666:
309:that lived in the early
344:. In 2023, the species
318: million years ago
301:is an extinct genus of
1350:Prehistoric bat genera
1204:Norman, David (2001).
700:Rietbergen et al. 2023
429:Rietbergen et al. 2023
376:
332:as the second species
249:Rietbergen et al. 2023
245:Icaronycteris gunnelli
1370:Green River Formation
1322:Paleobiology Database
1141:Dinosaur Encyclopedia
685:, Fossil Bats, p. 214
371:
322:Green River Formation
128:Holotype specimen of
16:Extinct genus of bats
1113:Simon & Schuster
1089:Bulletin of the AMNH
565:(Echolocating bats)
1014:2007NW.....94.1003S
1002:Naturwissenschaften
932:2023PLoSO..1883505R
872:1966Sci...154.1333J
639:Paleontology portal
282:Icaronycteris sigei
269:Icaronycteris menui
257:Icaronycteris index
1146:Dorling Kindersley
377:
1337:
1336:
1309:Open Tree of Life
1238:Taxon identifiers
1122:978-0-684-86411-2
1080:Palaeochiropteryx
1008:(12): 1003β1009.
906:978-1-84028-152-1
734:Smith et al. 2007
619:
618:
610:
609:
601:
600:
592:
591:
583:
582:
574:
573:
546:Palaeochiropteryx
422:Palaeochiropteryx
294:
293:
287:Smith et al. 2007
229:
1377:
1330:
1329:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1303:
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1277:
1265:
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1233:
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1200:
1159:
1134:
1092:
1086:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1043:
1033:
992:
971:
961:
943:
910:
891:
866:(3754): 1333β9.
851:
849:
832:(1β2): 209β246.
823:
803:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
708:
702:
697:
686:
680:
655:Australonycteris
641:
636:
635:
634:
537:
536:
529:
528:
503:
502:
477:
476:
453:
452:
445:
444:
319:
313:, approximately
303:microchiropteran
280:
267:
255:
243:
225:
218:
205:
145:
144:
123:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
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1216:
1181:
1156:
1123:
1100:
1098:Further reading
1095:
1084:
1072:Archaeonycteris
1054:
1052:
926:(4): e0283505.
907:
821:
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611:
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584:
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563:Microchiroptera
512:Archaeonycteris
410:Archaeonycteris
397:
372:Restoration of
366:
314:
305:(echolocating)
285:
272:
259:
247:
224:
216:
207:Icaronycteridae
203:
139:
97:
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5:
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1248:
1242:
1241:
1229:
1228:
1215:978-0941807487
1214:
1201:
1180:978-0789493613
1179:
1160:
1154:
1135:
1121:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1076:Hassianycteris
1061:
1051:. Tree of Life
1044:
1031:1854/LU-385394
993:
972:
911:
905:
892:
852:
813:
811:
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781:
769:
757:
738:
726:
714:
703:
687:
671:
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668:
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663:
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659:
658:
651:
648:Onychonycteris
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481:
475:
473:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:Megachiroptera
457:
451:
449:
443:
434:Onychonycteris
416:Hassianycetris
396:
393:
365:
362:
292:
291:
290:
289:
276:
263:
251:
236:
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231:
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1246:Icaronycteris
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1217:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
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1190:
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1155:9780789479358
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1114:
1110:
1109:
1103:
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1090:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:Icaronycteris
1062:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1023:
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1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
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994:
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978:
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869:
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857:
856:Jepsen, G. L.
853:
848:
847:2027.42/44972
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
815:
814:
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797:
790:
785:
778:
773:
767:, p. 211
766:
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513:
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497:
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492:
489:
488:
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486:Icaronycteris
479:
478:
471:
470:
467:
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463:
462:
455:
454:
447:
446:
442:
440:
439:Icaronycteris
436:
435:
430:
426:
424:
423:
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
405:Icaronycteris
402:
399:According to
392:
390:
389:Icaronycteris
386:
381:
380:Icaronycteris
375:
370:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:Western India
339:
335:
331:
330:Icaronycteris
327:
323:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:
298:Icaronycteris
288:
283:
277:
275:
270:
264:
262:
258:
252:
250:
246:
240:
239:
237:
232:
228:
223:
222:
221:Icaronycteris
215:
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100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
25:Icaronycteris
22:
19:
1245:
1205:
1165:
1140:
1107:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:"Chiroptera"
1005:
1001:
980:
976:
923:
919:
896:
863:
859:
829:
825:
796:
784:
772:
760:
750:
741:
729:
724:, p. 40
717:
706:
653:
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621:
561:
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543:
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268:
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244:
220:
219:
129:
32:Early Eocene
24:
18:
1355:Eocene bats
1055:1 September
765:Palmer 1999
711:Jepsen 1966
364:Description
346:I. gunnelli
261:Jepsen 1966
227:Jepsen 1966
130:I. gunnelli
1344:Categories
779:, Abstract
736:, Abstract
662:References
194:Chiroptera
989:691130847
950:1932-6203
395:Phylogeny
326:I. index.
160:Kingdom:
154:Eukaryota
1261:Q1062126
1255:Wikidata
1224:47522057
1197:8156728M
1189:52532157
1131:40943525
1040:17671774
983:: 1β57.
968:37043445
959:10096270
920:PLOS ONE
888:17770307
752:Nycteris
625:See also
374:I. index
358:I. sigei
354:I. menui
350:I. index
338:I. sigei
334:I. menui
234:Species
200:Family:
184:Mammalia
174:Chordata
170:Phylum:
164:Animalia
150:Domain:
1314:3614170
1301:1204623
1288:4832028
1275:4440253
1010:Bibcode
928:Bibcode
868:Bibcode
860:Science
810:Sources
352:, and
213:Genus:
190:Order:
180:Class:
1222:
1212:
1195:
1187:
1177:
1152:
1129:
1119:
1091:(235).
1078:, and
1038:
987:
966:
956:
948:
903:
886:
747:Icarus
431:found
419:, and
311:Eocene
1327:40632
1296:IRMNG
1085:(PDF)
822:(PDF)
667:Notes
385:shrew
1283:GBIF
1220:OCLC
1210:ISBN
1185:OCLC
1175:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1127:OCLC
1117:ISBN
1057:2014
1036:PMID
985:OCLC
964:PMID
946:ISSN
901:ISBN
884:PMID
356:and
316:52.2
37:Preκ
1270:EoL
1171:170
1026:hdl
1018:doi
954:PMC
936:doi
876:doi
864:154
842:hdl
834:doi
749:to
307:bat
1346::
1324::
1311::
1298::
1285::
1272::
1257::
1218:.
1193:OL
1191:.
1183:.
1173:.
1148:.
1144:.
1125:.
1115:.
1111:.
1087:.
1074:,
1070:,
1034:.
1024:.
1016:.
1006:94
1004:.
1000:.
981:95
979:.
962:.
952:.
944:.
934:.
924:18
922:.
918:.
882:.
874:.
862:.
840:.
830:12
828:.
824:.
690:^
675:^
441:.
413:,
403:,
336:.
87:Pg
1226:.
1199:.
1158:.
1133:.
1059:.
1042:.
1028::
1020::
1012::
991:.
970:.
938::
930::
909:.
890:.
878::
870::
850:.
844::
836::
284:?
279:β
271:?
266:β
254:β
242:β
217:β
204:β
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:κ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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