3271:
3068:
1089:
157:
1253:
735:
44:
3218:, during which over 1,000 books were published on the subject by over 400 authors. The majority of these books were serious works of philology, reconstructing ancient usages and commentaries for practical purposes. A sizable minority focused on numerology, symbolism, and divination. During this time, over 150 editions of earlier Chinese commentaries were reprinted across Edo Japan, including several texts that had become lost in China. In the early Edo period, Japanese writers such as
1215:
1095:
3490:, an expert in pre-Qin China, re-investigated its use as a Zhou dynasty oracle. Edward Shaughnessy proposed a new dating for the various strata of the text. New archaeological discoveries have enabled a deeper level of insight into how the text was used in the centuries before the Qin dynasty. Proponents of newly reconstructed Western Zhou readings, which often differ greatly from traditional readings of the text, are sometimes called the "modernist school".
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2312:
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2191:
2174:
2155:
2138:
2121:
2104:
2087:
2070:
2053:
2036:
2017:
2000:
1983:
1966:
1949:
1932:
1915:
1898:
1879:
1862:
1845:
1828:
1811:
1794:
1777:
1760:
1331:. The two histories describe more than twenty successful divinations conducted by professional soothsayers for royal families between 671 and 487 BC. The method of divination is not explained, and none of the stories employ predetermined commentaries, patterns, or interpretations. Only the hexagrams and line statements are used. By the 4th century BC, the authority of the
2909:. The other school, Old Text criticism, was more scholarly and hierarchical, and focused on the moral content of the text, providing the basis for the School of Meanings and Principles. The New Text scholars distributed alternate versions of the text and freely integrated non-canonical commentaries into their work, as well as propagating alternate systems of divination such as the
3519:
1234:
line statements were derived from the hexagram names. The line statements, which make up most of the book, are exceedingly cryptic. Each line begins with a word indicating the line number, "base, 2, 3, 4, 5, top", and either the number 6 for a broken line, or the number 9 for a whole line. Hexagrams 1 and 2 have an extra line statement, named
2904:
interpretation divided into two schools, originating in a dispute over minor differences between different editions of the received text. The first school, known as New Text criticism, was more egalitarian and eclectic, and sought to find symbolic and numerological parallels between the natural world
1689:
found at
Mawangdui portrays Confucius as endorsing it as a source of wisdom first and an imperfect divination text second. However, since the Ten Wings became canonized by Emperor Wu of Han together with the original I Ching as the Zhou Yi, it can be attributed to the positions of influence from the
1723:
after King Wen of Zhou, who founded the Zhou dynasty and supposedly reformed the method of interpretation. The sequence generally pairs hexagrams with their upside-down equivalents; the eight hexagrams that do not change when turned upside-down, are instead paired with their inversions (exchanging
1233:
The names of the hexagrams are usually words that appear in their respective line statements, but in five cases (2, 9, 26, 61, and 63) an unrelated character of unclear purpose appears. The hexagram names could have been chosen arbitrarily from the line statements, but it is also possible that the
1728:
in 1973, arranges the hexagrams into eight groups sharing the same upper trigram. But the oldest known manuscript, found in 1987 and now held by the
Shanghai Library, was almost certainly arranged in the King Wen sequence, and it has even been proposed that a pottery paddle from the Western Zhou
1624:
attributes to the symbolic function of the hexagrams the ability to understand self, world, and destiny. Throughout the Ten Wings, there are passages that seem to purposefully increase the ambiguity of the base text, pointing to a recognition of multiple layers of symbolism.
2887:
wrote that it is the most "recognized" Chinese book. In East Asia, it is a foundational text for the
Confucian and Daoist philosophical traditions, while in the West, it attracted the attention of Enlightenment intellectuals and prominent literary and cultural figures.
1010:
that sees the character for 'changes' as containing the sun and moon, the cycle of the day. Modern sinologists believe the character to be derived either from an image of the sun emerging from clouds, or from the content of a vessel being changed into another.
3329:
hexagrams and
Chinese characters were conflated into a single foreign idea, sparking a dialogue on Western philosophical questions such as universality and the nature of communication. The usage of binary in relation to the I Ching was central to Leibniz's
3088:, saying that they were one-sided. He developed a synthesis of the two, arguing that the text was primarily a work of divination that could be used in the process of moral self-cultivation, or what the ancients called "rectification of the mind" in the
1181:). The statements were used to determine the results of divination, but the reasons for having two different methods of reading the hexagram are not known, and it is not known why hexagram statements would be read over line statements or vice versa.
789:
was the basis for divination practice for centuries across the Far East and was the subject of scholarly commentary. Between the 18th and 20th centuries, it took on an influential role in
Western understanding of East Asian philosophical thought.
1060:
were derived from an initial set of eight trigrams. During the Han dynasty there were various opinions about the historical relationship between the trigrams and the hexagrams. Eventually, a consensus formed around 2nd-century AD scholar
3481:
spent several decades producing a new interpretation of the text, which was published posthumously in 1978. Modern data scientists including Alex Liu proposed to represent and develop I Ching methods with data science 4E framework and
3430:. Jung wrote, "Even to the most biased eye, it is obvious that this book represents one long admonition to careful scrutiny of one's own character, attitude, and motives." The book had a notable impact on the
1636:
with the ability to "delight in Heaven and understand fate;" the sage who reads it will see cosmological patterns and not despair in mere material difficulties. The
Japanese word for 'metaphysics',
1580:
states, the individual can understand the deeper patterns of the universe. Among other subjects, it explains how the eight trigrams proceeded from the eternal oneness of the universe through three
1729:
period contains four hexagrams in the King Wen sequence. Whichever of these arrangements is older, it is not evident that the order of the hexagrams was of interest to the original authors of the
894:). Modern scholars suggest dates ranging between the 10th and 4th centuries BC for the assembly of the text in approximately its current form. Based on a comparison of the language of the
1744:). Different constructions of three yin and yang lines lead to eight trigrams (八卦) namely, Qian (乾, ☰), Dui (兌, ☱), Li (離, ☲), Zhen (震, ☳), Xun (巽, ☴), Kan (坎, ☵), Gen (艮, ☶), and Kun (坤, ☷).
1280:, but it is not known how the yarrow stalks became numbers, or how specific lines were chosen from the line readings. In the hexagrams, broken lines were used as shorthand for the numbers 6 (
1422:
was interpreted as a verb meaning 'moving to', an apparent indication that hexagrams could be transformed into other hexagrams. However, there are no instances of "changeable lines" in the
736:
1535:. The specific origins of the Ten Wings are still a complete mystery to academics. Regardless of their historical relation to the text, the philosophical depth of the Ten Wings made the
1200:
interpretation in the 6th century BC. Edward
Shaughnessy describes this statement as affirming an "initial receipt" of an offering, "beneficial" for further "divining". The word
5713:
In China and in East Asia, it has been by far the most consulted of all books, in the belief that it can explain everything.... is surely the most popularly recognized
Chinese book.
954:
3151:). Hwang accused the Neo-Confucian school of having misread Zhu Xi. His critique proved influential not only in Korea but also in Japan. Other than this contribution, the
3045:
as a guide to moral perfection. He described the text as a way to for ministers to form honest political factions, root out corruption, and solve problems in government.
1238:. Following the line number, the line statements may make oracular or prognostic statements. Some line statements also contain poetry or references to historical events.
828:
has been discussed and debated over the centuries. Many commentators have used the book symbolically, often to provide guidance for moral decision-making, as informed by
4474:
had both translated it in the same period into French, the text gained significant traction during the counterculture of the 1960s, with the translations of
Wilhelm and
3374:
lost its significance in political philosophy, but it maintained cultural influence as one of China's most ancient texts. Chinese writers offered parallels between the
1308:
contains a late classic description of a process where various numerological operations are performed on a bundle of 50 stalks, leaving remainders of 6 to 9. Like the
7111:
1485:
was read as a microcosm of the universe that offered complex, symbolic correspondences. The official edition of the text was literally set in stone, as one of the
840:. The hexagrams themselves have often acquired cosmological significance and been paralleled with many other traditional names for the processes of change such as
1690:
Confucians in the government. Furthermore, the Ten Wings tends to use diction and phrases such as "the master said", which was previously commonly seen in the
446:
440:
1416:), followed by the name of another hexagram where that specific line had another form. In later attempts to reconstruct ancient divination methods, the word
4459:
3121:
scholars focused more intently on understanding pre-classical grammar, assisting the development of new philological approaches in the modern period.
998:. The 'changes' involved have been interpreted as the transformations of hexagrams, of their lines, or of the numbers obtained from the divination.
3462:, where she describes the image of "...six jet planes leaving six white vapor trails across the bleak terrain...". It also inspired the 1968 song "
1539:
a perfect fit to Han period
Confucian scholarship. The inclusion of the Ten Wings reflects a widespread recognition in ancient China, found in the
1389:, employing coins, became widely used in the Tang dynasty and is still used today. In the modern period; alternative methods such as specialized
3650:
4898:
7265:
3478:
2947:
6624:. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China; Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley. pp. 216–228.
4268:
936:
was used throughout all levels of Chinese society in its current form by 300 BC, but still contained small variations as late as the
3084:
The 12th century Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi, co-founder of the Cheng–Zhu school, criticized both of the Han dynasty lines of commentary on the
3002:) as the official commentary, he added to it further commentary drawing out the subtler details of Wang Bi's explanations. The resulting
3033:
was being read as a work of intricate philosophy, as a jumping-off point for examining great metaphysical questions and ethical issues.
2942:, who discarded the numerology of Han commentators and integrated the philosophy of the Ten Wings directly into the central text of the
6441:
A Companion to Yi Jing Numerology and Cosmology: Chinese Studies of Images and Numbers from Han (202 BCE–220 CE) to Song (960–1279 CE)
3394:
had actually impeded scientific development by incorporating all physical knowledge into its metaphysics. However, with the advent of
1572:
as a microcosm of the universe and a symbolic description of the processes of change. By partaking in the spiritual experience of the
1226:, which preceded the Zhou. It also carried meanings of being or making upright or correct, and was defined by the Eastern Han scholar
7129:
6813:
1347:
show that the hexagrams were privately consulted to answer questions such as business, health, children, and determining lucky days.
812:
are manipulated to produce sets of six apparently random numbers ranging from 6 to 9. Each of the 64 possible sets corresponds to a
525:
1678:
906:
dated its compilation in its current form to the last quarter of the 9th century BC, during the early decades of the reign of
3309:, since the broken lines, the "0" or "nothingness", cannot become solid lines, the "1" or "oneness", without the intervention of
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2844:
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2507:
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2214:
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2006:
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6732:
6713:
6675:
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6552:
6533:
6514:
6356:
6330:
6292:
6273:
6182:
Y-King: antiquissimus Sinarum liber, quem ex Latina interpretatione P. Regis aliorumque ex Soc. Iesu P. P. edidit Julius Mohl
5637:"Zhu Xi's Commentary on the Xicizhuan 繫辭傳 (Treatise on the Appended Remarks) Appendix of the Yijing 易經 (Scripture of Change)"
5129:
4677:
4658:
4639:
508:
1584:. The other Wings provide different perspectives on essentially the same viewpoint, giving ancient, cosmic authority to the
7240:
7230:
20:
6876:
4360:
3270:
3978:
1673:
with Confucius gave weight to the text and was taken as an article of faith throughout the Han and Tang dynasties. The
1656:; what is under form is called a tool". The word has also been borrowed into Korean and re-borrowed back into Chinese.
6835:
7104:
6694:
6656:
6629:
6571:
6470:
6448:
6400:
6311:
6254:
4617:
4598:
4576:
4557:
4288:
5150:
2946:, creating such a persuasive narrative that Han commentators were no longer considered significant. A century later
1381:
reconstructed a method of yarrow stalk divination that is still used throughout the Far East. In the modern period,
7225:
7191:
6706:
Fathoming the Cosmos and Ordering the World: the Yijing (I Ching, or Classic of Changes) and its Evolution in China
4418:
1709:
1196:). These four words are often repeated in the hexagram statements and were already considered an important part of
4482:'s 1996 translation incorporated much of the new archaeological and philological discoveries of the 20th century.
1048:), "in order to become thoroughly conversant with the numinous and bright and to classify the myriad things". The
6304:
The Yijing and Chinese Politics: Classical Commentary and Literati Activism in the Northern Song Period, 960–1127
5636:
4081:
1312:
itself, yarrow stalk divination dates to the Western Zhou period, although its modern form is a reconstruction.
7235:
7154:
4435:
has been translated into Western languages dozens of times. The earliest published complete translation of the
4273:
3056:, although he did not intend his arrangement to be used mathematically. This arrangement, sometimes called the
1665:
717:
621:
376:
180:
3358:, but accepted without question Hegel's premise that the Chinese language cannot express philosophical ideas.
6806:
4263:
3963:
1470:
194:
4467:
2938:
scholarship was no longer organized into systematic schools. The most influential writer of this period was
6543:
Redmond, Geoffrey (2021). "The Yijing in Early Postwar Counterculture in the West". In Ng, Wai-ming (ed.).
5707:
4507:
4451:
4258:
3995:
3463:
3419:
3386:, aiming to demonstrate that ancient Chinese cosmology had anticipated Western discoveries. The sinologist
1458:
533:
516:
7260:
6321:
Kern, Martin (2010). "Early Chinese literature, Beginnings through Western Han". In Owen, Stephen (ed.).
3593:
3431:
3333:
1002:
proposed that the word for 'changes' originally meant 'easy', as in a form of divination easier than the
899:
845:
278:
1694:, thereby implying the heavy involvement of Confucians in its creation as well as institutionalization.
7255:
7049:
4519:
4380:
3247:
947: – 221 BC). It is possible that other divination systems existed at this time; the
7245:
6480:
Peterson, Willard J. (1982). "Making Connections: 'Commentary on the Attached Verbalizations' of the
4385:
4318:
3407:
3403:
3383:
3290:
3279:
1426:. In all 12 out of 12 line statements quoted, the original hexagrams are used to produce the oracle.
1344:
353:
6954:
6913:
6799:
6639:
Shaughnessy, Edward (1999). "Western Zhou History". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward (eds.).
5702:
4499:
3953:
3700:
2867:
24:
6668:
Unearthing the Changes: Recently Discovered Manuscripts of the Yi Jing (I Ching) and Related Texts
4950:
4778:) refers to a four-legged animal similar to a pig. This is believed to be a gloss for 'decision',
4439:
into a Western language was a Latin translation done in the 1730s by the French Jesuit missionary
7076:
7060:
7042:
7035:
7010:
3958:
3926:
3765:
3668:
3656:
2971:
929:
28:
1354:
in use today is a reconstruction of the method described in these histories, in the 300 BC
7250:
6648:
4058:
3758:
3705:
3487:
3034:
1382:
4440:
3057:
1733:. The assignment of numbers, binary or decimal, to specific hexagrams, is a modern invention.
1065:'s attribution of the text to the joint work of Fuxi, King Wen of Zhou, the Duke of Zhou, and
3710:
3314:
3294:
3143:
2906:
1486:
1386:
1062:
937:
770:
6640:
1088:
7168:
7083:
6851:
5022:
4411:
4222:
3251:
3133:
was an influential text across East Asia. In 1557, the Korean Neo-Confucianist philosopher
3038:
1277:
809:
681:
3321:
were "empty forms" that could not articulate spoken words with the clarity of the Western
2954:. The principal rival interpretation was a practical text on divination by the soothsayer
8:
6189:
6185:
4990:
4518:. Introduction by Carl G. Jung. New York: Pantheon Books. 3rd edition (1967), Princeton:
3406:
of the new field, which disproved principles from older Western classical mechanics. The
774:
551:
6791:
6600:
6493:
6427:
6340:
5790:
4355:
4345:
4335:
4242:
4207:
3645:
3574:
3318:
3095:
3067:
1703:
1335:
was also cited for rhetorical purposes, without relation to any stated divination. The
1247:
1119:
1052:
itself does not contain this legend and indeed says nothing about its own origins. The
961:
903:
802:
412:
404:
3410:
heavily used concepts from the I Ching as mentioned in his writings. The psychologist
3167:)—was not central to the development of Korean Confucianism, and by the 19th century,
1493:
became the standard text for over two thousand years, until alternate versions of the
432:
7175:
6940:
6933:
6924:
6892:
6885:
6768:
6747:
6728:
6709:
6690:
6671:
6652:
6641:
6625:
6586:
6567:
6548:
6529:
6510:
6466:
6444:
6431:
6396:
6383:
6352:
6326:
6307:
6288:
6269:
6250:
6184:, Stuttgartiae et Tubingae: Cotta, liber 1: 1834, XX + 475 S., liber 2: 1839, 588 S.
5125:
4673:
4654:
4635:
4613:
4594:
4572:
4553:
4471:
3941:
3715:
3567:
3549:
3533:
3528:
3443:
3395:
3061:
2927:, is no longer extant. Only short fragments survive, from a Tang dynasty text called
1720:
1547:
was a rich moral and symbolic document useful for more than professional divination.
1438:
907:
821:
729:
466:
316:
308:
6643:
The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 B.C.
3258:
cosmology. This line of argument was later taken up in China by the Qing politician
7220:
7161:
6822:
6419:
6379:
5369:
5113:
4323:
4232:
4217:
3207:
2884:
1019:
877:
758:
243:
127:
2950:
added commentaries on the Ten Wings to Wang Bi's book, creating a text called the
1404:
stories, individual lines of hexagrams are denoted by using the genitive particle
4404:
4237:
4008:
3968:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3892:
3815:
3502:
3483:
3447:
3367:
3351:
3347:
3223:
925:
6143:
5118:
The History of the Ancient World: From the Earliest Accounts to the Fall of Rome
7069:
7017:
6982:
6865:
6844:
5718:
4313:
4227:
4195:
4162:
4149:
4129:
3983:
3435:
3387:
3379:
3283:
3110:
3090:
1532:
1007:
487:
480:
463:
292:
156:
5866:
565:
7214:
6989:
6961:
6947:
6899:
6458:
6347:[Classic of changes]. In Knechtges, David R.; Chang, Taiping (eds.).
6117:
4700:
4466:
had both translated the text into English already in the 19th century, while
4390:
4340:
4330:
4202:
4167:
4043:
3936:
3919:
3899:
3864:
3631:
3486:
approaches for a more rigorous representation and interpretation of I Ching.
3455:
3451:
3427:
3343:
3339:
3302:
3259:
3243:
3053:
2876:
1681:, and textual evidence strongly suggests that Confucius did not consider the
1272:, the production of seemingly random numbers to determine divine intent. The
1223:
1077:
949:
782:
346:
43:
3227:
3219:
1252:
7198:
7184:
6826:
6784:
6395:. Honolulu: Association for Asian Studies and University of Hawaiʻi Press.
5429:
5121:
4706:
4627:
4586:
4537:
4479:
4475:
4144:
4139:
4121:
4033:
3931:
3850:
3808:
3747:
3608:
3580:
3560:
3203:
3141:
studies of the early modern era, claiming that the spirit was a principle (
3118:
3023:
2967:
1669:. Although it rested on historically shaky grounds, the association of the
1581:
1474:
1462:
1323:
1268:
Archaeological evidence shows that Zhou dynasty divination was grounded in
1023:
995:
869:
841:
829:
766:
422:
250:
212:
49:
4670:
The Original Meaning of the Yijing: Commentary on the Scripture of Change
3234:
the greatest of the Confucian classics. Many writers attempted to use the
7147:
6423:
6266:
The Original Meaning of the Yijing: Commentary on the Scripture of Change
6194:
6070:
5413:
4754:
4750:
4713:
4651:
The I Ching (Book of Changes): A Critical Translation of the Ancient Text
4463:
4455:
4454:'s 1923 German translation, which was translated into English in 1950 by
4278:
4111:
4106:
4020:
3836:
3829:
3753:
3467:
3355:
2975:
2911:
2897:
1528:
1340:
1219:
1003:
999:
501:
456:
166:
83:
5457:
4504:. 2nd edition (1899), Oxford: Clarendon Press; reprinted numerous times.
1592:
provides a moral interpretation that parallels the first two hexagrams,
7090:
6497:
5750:
5090:
4882:
4694:
4350:
4293:
4116:
4096:
4091:
4038:
3973:
3770:
3676:
3399:
3215:
3199:
2924:
1736:
Yin and yang are represented by broken and solid lines: yin is broken (
1394:
1269:
1227:
1214:
1094:
798:
754:
332:
325:
169:(top), traditional (middle), and simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
133:
93:
6247:
Introduction to the Study of the Classic of Change (I-hsüeh ch'i-meng)
5593:
3473:
The modern period also brought a new level of skepticism and rigor to
2915:. Most of this early commentary, such as the image and number work of
1385:
attempted his own reconstruction, which varies from Zhu Xi in places.
6975:
5838:
5810:
5186:
4542:
The Book of Changes: A New Translation of the Ancient Chinese I Ching
4154:
4134:
4086:
4053:
4025:
3857:
3822:
3439:
3423:
3414:
took interest in the possible universal nature of the imagery of the
3411:
3402:
credited the yin and yang symbolism for providing inspiration of his
3049:
2916:
1747:
The different combinations of the two trigrams lead to 64 hexagrams.
1725:
1660:
1516:
1506:
1360:
1317:
1066:
778:
369:
97:
6367:
5609:
4974:
3109:
took on renewed relevance in both Confucian and Daoist studies. The
1148:
contains all 64 possible hexagrams, along with the hexagram's name (
1144:). Each line is either broken or unbroken. The received text of the
1069:, but this traditional attribution is no longer generally accepted.
773:
and early imperial periods (500–200 BC), it transformed into a
6996:
6858:
5658:
4250:
4172:
3338:, or 'universal language', which in turn inspired the standards of
3322:
3134:
1691:
837:
658:
390:
264:
6788:
at the Chinese Text Project: original text and Legge's translation
6180:
The text downloadable form the Münchener DigitalisierungsZentrum:
3458:
references the six yang hexagram in "Amelia", a song on the album
1461:
was informed by a broad span of cultural influences that included
1006:, but there is little evidence for this. There is also an ancient
6006:
5341:
5313:
4212:
4181:
4101:
4073:
4063:
3990:
3878:
3871:
3639:
3601:
3239:
2983:
2955:
2939:
1366:
968:
492:
429:
6410:
Ng Wai-ming (吳偉明) (2000). "The I Ching in Late-Choson Thought".
6349:
Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature: A Reference Guide
2905:
and the hexagrams. Their commentaries provided the basis of the
4845:
4443:
and his companions that was published in Germany in the 1830s.
4068:
4048:
3782:
3740:
3731:
3724:
3616:
3510:
3306:
3174:
2920:
1466:
1378:
885:
833:
584:
6323:
The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, Volume 1: To 1375
6131:
5766:
5238:
777:
text with a series of philosophical commentaries known as the
471:
6222:
6164:
6162:
5533:
4015:
3946:
3843:
3624:
3587:
3102:
account, became the standard form and is still in use today.
1750:
The following table numbers the hexagrams in King Wen order.
1560:
1230:
as "to enquire into the correctness" of a proposed activity.
1035:
644:
598:
437:
6098:
7097:
7003:
6507:
Divination and Prediction in Early China and Ancient Greece
5054:
4269:
Way of the Celestial Masters#The Southern Celestial Masters
3776:
3052:
rearranged the hexagrams in a format that resembles modern
1617:
1390:
1276:
provided a guide to cleromancy that used the stalks of the
1027:
6159:
5329:
5174:
5066:
5042:
1034:, Fuxi observed the patterns of the world and created the
19:"The Book of Changes" redirects here. For other uses, see
7112:
Questions and Replies between Tang Taizong and Li Weigong
6058:
5854:
5778:
5521:
5357:
5250:
5202:
3554:
3518:
3418:, and he introduced an influential German translation by
3310:
1653:
1026:, and was also associated with the legendary world ruler
530:
513:
409:
395:
381:
6821:
6210:
6086:
5682:
5557:
5010:
1519:. The Ten Wings are of a much later provenance than the
1327:
contain the oldest descriptions of divination using the
337:
5670:
5214:
5138:
3662:
3148:
1531:, while the Ten Wings were written in a predecessor to
1497:
and related texts were discovered in the 20th century.
1018:
was traditionally ascribed to the Zhou cultural heroes
6744:
Overcoming Modernity: Synchronicity and Image-thinking
5982:
5898:
5738:
5581:
5497:
5401:
5389:
5289:
5279:
5277:
4749:, "classic") appellation was not used until after the
3301:
in 1703. He argued that it proved the universality of
3187:
1637:
1133:), a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines (
820:. The hexagrams are arranged in an order known as the
686:
6034:
6022:
4816:
4791:
4779:
4767:
3007:
2991:
1611:
1599:
1523:, and are the production of a different society. The
1417:
1405:
1339:
does not contain records of private individuals, but
1201:
1185:
1176:
1165:
1154:
1139:
1128:
1099:
313:
297:
283:
269:
255:
6368:"The Yijing and Philosophy: From Leibniz to Derrida"
6046:
5994:
5970:
5958:
5946:
5934:
5910:
5886:
5545:
5485:
5078:
4446:
Historically, the most influential Western-language
3172:
3156:
1719:, the hexagrams are arranged in an order dubbed the
1550:
Arguably the most important of the Ten Wings is the
626:
6564:
The Book of Changes (Zhouyi): A Bronze Age Document
6545:
The Making of the Global Yijing in the Modern World
6118:"I Ching Methods Represented with Big Data Science"
5646:
5569:
5509:
5473:
5301:
5274:
5262:
5226:
4938:
4591:
The Book of Changes (Zhouyi): A Bronze Age Document
4485:The most commonly used English translations of the
3214:studies in Japan took on new importance during the
1292:), and solid lines were shorthand for values of 7 (
769:period (1000–750 BC). Over the course of the
358:
6351:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. pp. 1877–1896.
5826:
5445:
1184:The book opens with the first hexagram statement,
824:. The interpretation of the readings found in the
6708:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
5922:
4870:
1515:bound it to a set of ten commentaries called the
1481:does not contain any cosmological analogies, the
1056:, however, also claims that the hexagrams of the
7212:
4534:. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press.
2891:
1092:Oracle turtle shell featuring the ancient form (
570:
556:
6770:The texts of Confucianism, Part II: The Yî king
4790:). The modern word for a hexagram statement is
3350:in the late 19th century. In the 20th century,
2861:
1659:The Ten Wings were traditionally attributed to
1445:"the first among the classics", dubbing it the
851:
23:. For other uses of "I Ching" or "Yijing", see
6746:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
6325:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–115.
6306:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
3193:
3105:As China entered the early modern period, the
1643:
663:
649:
6807:
4822:
4797:
4785:
4773:
4744:
4412:
3434:and on 20th century cultural figures such as
3297:, wrote the first European commentary on the
3013:
2997:
2883:as the best-known Chinese book in the world.
2849:
2832:
2815:
2798:
2781:
2764:
2747:
2730:
2711:
2694:
2677:
2660:
2643:
2626:
2609:
2592:
2573:
2556:
2539:
2522:
2505:
2488:
2471:
2454:
2435:
2418:
2401:
2384:
2367:
2350:
2333:
2316:
2297:
2280:
2263:
2246:
2229:
2212:
2195:
2178:
2159:
2142:
2125:
2108:
2091:
2074:
2057:
2040:
2021:
2004:
1987:
1970:
1953:
1936:
1919:
1902:
1883:
1866:
1849:
1832:
1815:
1798:
1781:
1764:
1724:yin and yang lines). Another order, found at
1605:
1593:
1411:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1218:) was also used for the verb 'divine' in the
1207:
1191:
1171:
1160:
1149:
1134:
1123:
1105:
199:
185:
125:
71:
6622:Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide
6249:. Provo, UT: Global Scholarly Publications.
4526:Other notable English translations include:
3390:took the opposite opinion, arguing that the
3286:. The Arabic numerals were added by Leibniz.
3162:
1350:The most common form of divination with the
603:
589:
6665:
6638:
6611:
6599:
6393:The I Ching in Tokugawa Thought and Culture
6200:
6168:
6153:
5664:
5463:
5435:
5375:
5256:
5196:
5180:
5164:
5072:
5048:
5028:
4980:
4956:
4916:
3331:
3182:In medieval Japan, secret teachings on the
1648:) is derived from a statement found in the
6814:
6800:
6684:
6583:ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese
6580:
6523:
6228:
6204:
6149:
6080:
6064:
5860:
5848:
5732:
5700:
5615:
5539:
5363:
5168:
5160:
5100:
5060:
5032:
5004:
5000:
4928:
4419:
4405:
2961:
1685:a "classic". An ancient commentary on the
1564:, which dates to roughly 300 BC. The
765:was originally a divination manual in the
155:
7130:The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
6585:. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
6547:. Singapore: Springer. pp. 197–221.
6339:
6137:
5820:
5804:
5784:
5760:
5527:
5423:
5244:
5208:
5016:
4968:
4803:
1477:, and Wu Xing physical theory. While the
6479:
6465:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
5630:
5628:
5587:
3317:, who proclaimed that binary system and
3269:
3066:
1663:, possibly based on a misreading of the
1251:
1087:
6670:. New York: Columbia University Press.
6647:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
6542:
6524:Redmond, Geoffrey; Hon, Tze-Ki (2014).
6504:
6438:
6268:. New York: Columbia University Press.
5904:
5701:Weinberger, Eliot (February 25, 2016).
5603:
5503:
5419:
5407:
5351:
5335:
5323:
5295:
5096:
5084:
4920:
4888:
4849:
4832:
4672:. New York: Columbia University Press.
4571:. New York: Columbia University Press.
4514:. Cary Baynes, trans. Bollingen Series
3265:
3240:Western science in a Japanese framework
3117:and ordered new interpretations of it.
1429:
7213:
6365:
6040:
6028:
6012:
4908:
4732:
4730:
4532:A Translation of the Confucian Yi-king
975:
728:
411:
315:
6795:
6741:
6722:
6703:
6457:
6287:. New York: Oxford University Press.
6282:
6263:
6244:
6216:
6104:
6092:
6076:
6052:
6016:
6000:
5892:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5844:
5796:
5772:
5756:
5744:
5728:
5724:
5688:
5652:
5634:
5625:
5619:
5599:
5575:
5563:
5551:
5515:
5491:
5479:
5467:
5439:
5395:
5383:
5347:
5319:
5283:
5268:
5112:
5036:
4984:
4964:
4944:
4924:
4904:
4892:
3137:produced one of the most influential
3129:Like the other Chinese classics, the
3018:) became the standard edition of the
2978:to create a canonical edition of the
924: BC). A copy of the text in the
781:. After becoming part of the Chinese
757:text that is among the oldest of the
6607:(Ph.D. thesis). Stanford University.
6561:
6320:
5676:
5451:
5379:
5307:
5232:
5220:
5192:
5156:
5144:
4996:
4960:
4932:
4876:
4844:The received text was rearranged by
3004:Right Meaning of the Book of Changes
1652:that "what is above form is called
21:The Book of Changes (disambiguation)
7266:Precursors of electronic literature
6780:), translated by James Legge, 1882.
6409:
6390:
6301:
5988:
5976:
5964:
5952:
5940:
5928:
5916:
5832:
5816:
5800:
4912:
4727:
4361:Taoist Temple (Hanford, California)
3079:
1708:For a more comprehensive list, see
1076:was that most of it was written by
13:
6486:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
3979:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
1543:and other pre-Han texts, that the
932:discovered in 1994 shows that the
14:
7277:
7105:Three Strategies of Huang Shigong
6762:
4289:Chinese ritual mastery traditions
3171:studies were integrated into the
3037:, patriarch of the Neo-Confucian
1679:burning of the Confucian classics
1377:s description, the Neo-Confucian
953:name two other such systems, the
7192:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
6384:10.1111/j.1540-6253.2011.01661.x
4478:attracting particular interest.
3517:
2843:
2826:
2809:
2792:
2775:
2758:
2741:
2724:
2705:
2688:
2671:
2654:
2637:
2620:
2603:
2586:
2567:
2550:
2533:
2516:
2499:
2482:
2465:
2448:
2429:
2412:
2395:
2378:
2361:
2344:
2327:
2310:
2291:
2274:
2257:
2240:
2223:
2206:
2189:
2172:
2153:
2136:
2119:
2102:
2085:
2068:
2051:
2034:
2015:
1998:
1981:
1964:
1947:
1930:
1913:
1896:
1877:
1860:
1843:
1826:
1809:
1792:
1775:
1758:
1710:List of hexagrams of the I Ching
1511:Part of the canonization of the
1453:. Emperor Wu's placement of the
1213:
1093:
816:, which can be looked up in the
785:in the 2nd century BC, the
42:
6620:周易)". In Loewe, Michael (ed.).
6174:
6110:
5694:
5635:Adler, Joseph A. (April 2017).
5106:
4838:
4809:
4760:
4634:. Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
4610:I Ching: The Classic of Changes
4608:Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1996).
4082:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
3493:
3354:identified Hegel's argument as
3096:I Ching yarrow stalk divination
1159:), a short hexagram statement (
984:literally means the 'changes' (
912:
531:
514:
493:
472:
438:
410:
396:
382:
359:
338:
16:Ancient Chinese divination text
7155:Biographies of Exemplary Women
6727:. Princeton University Press.
6689:. Princeton University Press.
6509:. Cambridge University Press.
6237:
4512:The I Ching or Book of Changes
4375:Institutions and organizations
4274:The Northern Celestial Masters
3422:by discussing his theories of
1666:Records of the Grand Historian
1044:
990:
890:
813:
797:is used for a Chinese form of
721:
687:
627:
571:
314:
298:
284:
270:
256:
200:
186:
1:
6612:Shaughnessy, Edward (1993). "
6605:The composition of the Zhouyi
6463:The Five "Confucian" Classics
6372:Journal of Chinese Philosophy
4859:
4264:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
3964:Three Great Emperor-Officials
3293:, who was corresponding with
3094:. Zhu Xi's reconstruction of
2892:Eastern Han and Six Dynasties
1030:. According to the canonical
941:
916:
53:
6666:Shaughnessy, Edward (2014).
5708:The New York Review of Books
4864:
4259:Way of the Celestial Masters
3464:While My Guitar Gently Weeps
3408:principle of complementarity
3147:) and not a material force (
3124:
3075:depicting the eight trigrams
2907:School of Images and Numbers
2862:Interpretation and influence
1697:
1632:associates knowledge of the
1500:
1170:), and six line statements (
1083:
1072:Another tradition about the
7:
7241:Esoteric schools of thought
7231:Chinese books of divination
7185:School Sayings of Confucius
6685:Shchutskii, Julian (1979).
6528:. Oxford University Press.
4817:
4792:
4780:
4768:
4687:
4632:I Ching: The Book of Change
4567:Lynn, Richard John (1994).
4550:I Ching: The Book of Change
4530:McClatchie, Thomas (1876).
4522:; reprinted numerous times.
3334:characteristica universalis
3246:, even attempted to employ
3188:
3173:
3157:
3113:was especially fond of the
3071:Wood block printed page of
3008:
2992:
1638:
1612:
1600:
1418:
1406:
1202:
1186:
1177:
1166:
1155:
1140:
1129:
1100:
872:divination text called the
10:
7282:
7050:Thousand Character Classic
6723:Smith, Richard J. (2012).
6704:Smith, Richard J. (2008).
6391:Ng Wai-ming (吳偉明) (2000).
4649:Redmond, Geoffrey (2017).
4520:Princeton University Press
4468:Paul-Louis-Félix Philastre
4381:Chinese Taoist Association
3186:—known in Japanese as the
2934:With the fall of the Han,
2865:
1707:
1701:
1504:
1245:
902:, the American sinologist
859:
793:As a divination text, the
18:
7139:
7121:
7059:
7027:
6923:
6875:
6834:
6775:The Sacred books of China
6687:Researches on the I Ching
6581:Schuessler, Axel (2007).
6302:Hon Tze-ki (韓子奇) (2005).
6283:Adler, Joseph A. (2022).
6264:Adler, Joseph A. (2020).
6245:Adler, Joseph A. (2002).
5775:, pp. 57, 67, 84–86.
5159:, pp. 126, 187–178;
4823:
4798:
4786:
4774:
4745:
4668:Adler, Joseph A. (2020).
4552:. Boston, MA: Shambhala.
4544:. New York: E. P. Dutton.
4319:Sacred Mountains of China
3701:Three Treasures (virtues)
3384:logic in computer science
3361:
3313:. This was criticized by
3291:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
3280:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
3210:during the Kamakura era.
3194:
3163:
3048:The contemporary scholar
3029:By the 11th century, the
3014:
2998:
2988:Annotated Book of Changes
2850:
2833:
2816:
2799:
2782:
2765:
2748:
2731:
2712:
2695:
2678:
2661:
2644:
2627:
2610:
2593:
2574:
2557:
2540:
2523:
2506:
2489:
2472:
2455:
2436:
2419:
2402:
2385:
2368:
2351:
2334:
2317:
2298:
2281:
2264:
2247:
2230:
2213:
2196:
2179:
2160:
2143:
2126:
2109:
2092:
2075:
2058:
2041:
2022:
2005:
1988:
1971:
1954:
1937:
1920:
1903:
1884:
1867:
1850:
1833:
1816:
1799:
1782:
1765:
1644:
1606:
1594:
1412:
1387:Another divination method
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1208:
1192:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1135:
1124:
1106:
1039:
985:
881:
698:
680:
675:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
638:
620:
615:
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
578:
564:
550:
545:
524:
507:
500:
486:
479:
462:
455:
428:
421:
403:
389:
375:
368:
352:
345:
331:
324:
307:
291:
277:
263:
249:
242:
237:
233:
225:
221:
211:
207:
193:
179:
174:
154:
150:
143:
126:
119:
111:
103:
89:
79:
72:
67:
41:
6955:Etiquette and Ceremonial
6914:Spring and Autumn Annals
6725:The I Ching: A Biography
6366:Nelson, Eric S. (2011).
6344:
6229:Redmond & Hon (2014)
6205:Redmond & Hon (2014)
6150:Redmond & Hon (2014)
6081:Redmond & Hon (2014)
6065:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5861:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5849:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5733:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5667:, pp. 52–53, 16–17.
5540:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5364:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5169:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5061:Redmond & Hon (2014)
5001:Redmond & Hon (2014)
4929:Redmond & Hon (2014)
4720:
4612:. New York: Ballantine.
4500:Sacred Books of the East
3954:Queen Mother of the West
3155:—known in Korean as the
3073:Zhou Yi Zhuan Yi Da Quan
2966:At the beginning of the
1677:was not included in the
1241:
753:, is an ancient Chinese
181:Traditional Chinese
25:I Ching (disambiguation)
7226:1st-millennium BC books
7077:The Methods of the Sima
7061:Seven Military Classics
7043:Hundred Family Surnames
7036:Three Character Classic
7011:Classic of Filial Piety
6107:, pp. 11, 197–198.
4548:Cleary, Thomas (1992).
3959:King Father of the East
3927:Four heavenly ministers
3325:. In their commentary,
3248:Newton's laws of motion
3098:, based in part on the
2972:Emperor Taizong of Tang
2962:Tang and Song dynasties
1315:The ancient narratives
930:bamboo and wooden slips
195:Simplified Chinese
29:Yijing (disambiguation)
6983:Commentary of Gongyang
6562:Rutt, Richard (1996).
6505:Raphals, Lisa (2013).
6439:Nielsen, Bent (2003).
5799:, pp. 89–90, 98;
5703:"What Is the I Ching?"
4653:. London: Bloomsbury.
4569:The Classic of Changes
3332:
3287:
3076:
1265:
1114:The basic unit of the
1111:
741:), usually translated
557:
7236:Chinese folk religion
6990:Commentary of Guliang
6742:Yuasa, Yasuo (2008).
6443:. London: Routledge.
6140:, pp. 1884–1885.
5247:, pp. 1880–1881.
4493:Legge, James (1882).
3378:and subjects such as
3315:Georg Friedrich Hegel
3273:
3198:)—were publicized by
3070:
1740:) and yang is solid (
1527:was written in Early
1487:Xiping Stone Classics
1255:
1091:
938:Warring States period
852:The divination text:
7169:Four Books for Women
7084:Six Secret Teachings
6852:Doctrine of the Mean
6566:. Richmond: Curzon.
6526:Teaching the I Ching
6424:10.1353/ks.2000.0013
5606:, pp. 138, 211.
5382:, pp. 154–155;
5003:, pp. 106–109;
4593:. Richmond: Curzon.
4223:Way of the Li Family
3432:1960s counterculture
3266:Enlightenment Europe
3252:Copernican principle
1397:have also appeared.
1258:Achillea millefolium
808:in which bundles of
622:Revised Romanization
526:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
229:"Classic of Changes"
6601:Shaughnessy, Edward
6341:Knechtges, David R.
6285:The Yijing: A Guide
6231:, pp. 241–243.
6219:, pp. 198–199.
6095:, pp. 11, 198.
6083:, pp. 205–214.
5991:, pp. 143–145.
5691:, pp. 204–206.
5679:, pp. 114–118.
5566:, pp. 248–249.
5542:, pp. 151–152.
5338:, pp. 203–212.
5223:, pp. 129–130.
5147:, pp. 122–125.
5039:, pp. 229–230.
4835:, pp. 24, 290
4441:Jean-Baptiste Régis
1620:and Earth, and the
1588:. For example, the
1358:, and later in the
976:Name and authorship
900:bronze inscriptions
552:Vietnamese alphabet
107:Late 9th century BC
68:Original title
38:
7261:Zhou dynasty texts
6343:(2014). "Yi jing"
6201:Shaughnessy (2014)
6169:Shaughnessy (1993)
6154:Shaughnessy (2014)
5819:, pp. 29–33;
5803:, pp. 29–30;
5759:, pp. 76–79;
5665:Shaughnessy (2014)
5464:Shaughnessy (2014)
5436:Shaughnessy (2014)
5422:, pp. 48–51;
5376:Shaughnessy (1983)
5257:Shaughnessy (2014)
5197:Shaughnessy (1983)
5181:Shaughnessy (2014)
5167:, pp. 30–35;
5165:Shaughnessy (2014)
5163:, pp. 65–66;
5073:Shaughnessy (2014)
5049:Shaughnessy (1999)
5029:Shaughnessy (1983)
4999:, pp. 26–27;
4981:Shaughnessy (2014)
4963:, pp. 32–33;
4957:Shaughnessy (1983)
4917:Shaughnessy (1983)
4356:Cebu Taoist Temple
4346:White Cloud Temple
4208:Way of the Taiping
3319:Chinese characters
3288:
3278:hexagrams sent to
3206:and the Shintoist
3077:
1704:Hexagram (I Ching)
1475:yin-yang cosmology
1447:Classic of Changes
1266:
1260:) stalks used for
1248:I Ching divination
1112:
904:Edward Shaughnessy
750:Classic of Changes
413:[jèːkkíːŋ]
36:
7256:Thirteen Classics
7208:
7207:
7176:Lessons for Women
6976:Commentary of Zuo
6941:Book of Documents
6934:Classic of Poetry
6925:Thirteen Classics
6893:Book of Documents
6886:Classic of Poetry
6753:978-1-435-65870-7
6734:978-0-691-14509-9
6715:978-0-813-92705-3
6677:978-0-231-16184-8
6592:978-1-4356-6587-3
6554:978-9-813-36227-7
6535:978-0-199-76681-9
6516:978-1-107-01075-8
6358:978-90-042-7216-3
6332:978-0-521-11677-0
6294:978-0-190-07246-9
6275:978-0-231-19124-1
6152:, p. 122ff;
5979:, pp. 38–39.
5967:, pp. 28–29.
5955:, pp. 22–25.
5943:, pp. 7, 15.
5919:, pp. 55–56.
5875:, pp. v–xi;
5747:, pp. 76–78.
5616:Shchutskii (1979)
5470:, pp. 31–48.
5442:, pp. 48–50.
5398:, pp. 31–32.
5161:Shchutskii (1979)
5131:978-0-393-05974-8
5114:Bauer, Susan Wise
5101:Shchutskii (1979)
5063:, pp. 54–55.
5033:Schuessler (2007)
5005:Shchutskii (1979)
4753:, after the core
4679:978-0-231-19124-1
4660:978-1-472-51413-4
4641:978-0-374-22090-7
4472:Charles de Harlez
4460:Thomas McClatchie
4429:
4428:
4386:Celestial Masters
3942:Tianhuang Emperor
3550:Taoist philosophy
3444:Jorge Luis Borges
3396:quantum mechanics
3179:reform movement.
3062:Gottfried Leibniz
3060:, later inspired
2868:Influence of the
2859:
2858:
1721:King Wen sequence
1715:In the canonical
1439:Emperor Wu of Han
1343:records found at
1187:yuán hēng lì zhēn
908:King Xuan of Zhou
822:King Wen sequence
702:
701:
694:
693:
634:
633:
541:
540:
377:Yale Romanization
244:Standard Mandarin
139:
138:
112:Publication place
59:) edition of the
7273:
7246:Philosophy books
7162:Classic of Music
6823:Chinese classics
6816:
6809:
6802:
6793:
6792:
6757:
6738:
6719:
6700:
6681:
6662:
6646:
6635:
6608:
6596:
6577:
6558:
6539:
6520:
6501:
6476:
6454:
6435:
6406:
6387:
6362:
6336:
6317:
6298:
6279:
6260:
6232:
6226:
6220:
6214:
6208:
6198:
6192:
6178:
6172:
6166:
6157:
6147:
6141:
6138:Knechtges (2014)
6135:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6114:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6090:
6084:
6074:
6068:
6062:
6056:
6050:
6044:
6038:
6032:
6026:
6020:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5956:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5932:
5926:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5884:
5883:, pp. 9–16.
5870:
5864:
5858:
5852:
5842:
5836:
5830:
5824:
5821:Knechtges (2014)
5814:
5808:
5805:Knechtges (2014)
5794:
5788:
5785:Knechtges (2014)
5782:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5761:Knechtges (2014)
5754:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5632:
5623:
5613:
5607:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5528:Knechtges (2014)
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5443:
5433:
5427:
5424:Knechtges (2014)
5417:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5373:
5367:
5361:
5355:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5327:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5272:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5245:Knechtges (2014)
5242:
5236:
5230:
5224:
5218:
5212:
5209:Knechtges (2014)
5206:
5200:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5172:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5110:
5104:
5094:
5088:
5082:
5076:
5070:
5064:
5058:
5052:
5046:
5040:
5026:
5020:
5017:Knechtges (2014)
5014:
5008:
4994:
4988:
4978:
4972:
4969:Knechtges (2014)
4954:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4902:
4896:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4853:
4842:
4836:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4813:
4807:
4804:Knechtges (2014)
4801:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4764:
4758:
4748:
4747:
4734:
4683:
4664:
4645:
4623:
4604:
4582:
4563:
4508:Wilhelm, Richard
4450:translation was
4421:
4414:
4407:
4324:Wudang Mountains
4233:Chongxuan School
4218:Shangqing School
3766:Sexual practices
3521:
3498:
3497:
3337:
3295:Jesuits in China
3208:Yoshida Kanetomo
3197:
3196:
3191:
3178:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3100:Great Commentary
3080:Neo-Confucianism
3039:Cheng–Zhu school
3017:
3016:
3011:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2885:Eliot Weinberger
2855:
2854:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1650:Great Commentary
1647:
1646:
1641:
1630:Great Commentary
1615:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1578:Great Commentary
1566:Great Commentary
1552:Great Commentary
1489:. The canonized
1437:In 136 BC,
1421:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1376:
1372:Great Commentary
1356:Great Commentary
1306:Great Commentary
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1046:
1041:
1032:Great Commentary
1020:King Wen of Zhou
992:
987:
965:
946:
943:
923:
922: – 782
921:
918:
914:
892:
883:
864:The core of the
759:Chinese classics
740:
739:
738:
731:
727:
723:
690:
689:
673:
672:
667:
666:
653:
652:
630:
629:
613:
612:
607:
606:
593:
592:
574:
573:
560:
537:
536:
535:
520:
519:
518:
496:
495:
475:
474:
451:
450:
439:Ia̍h Keng (
417:
416:
415:
399:
398:
385:
384:
364:
363:
362:
341:
340:
320:
319:
318:
303:
302:
301:
287:
286:
273:
272:
259:
258:
235:
234:
203:
202:
189:
188:
159:
141:
140:
131:
130:
75:
74:
58:
55:
48:Title page of a
46:
39:
35:
7281:
7280:
7276:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7135:
7117:
7055:
7023:
6919:
6871:
6830:
6820:
6765:
6760:
6754:
6735:
6716:
6697:
6678:
6659:
6632:
6593:
6574:
6555:
6536:
6517:
6473:
6451:
6403:
6359:
6346:
6333:
6314:
6295:
6276:
6257:
6240:
6235:
6227:
6223:
6215:
6211:
6199:
6195:
6179:
6175:
6167:
6160:
6148:
6144:
6136:
6132:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6111:
6103:
6099:
6091:
6087:
6079:, p. 212;
6075:
6071:
6063:
6059:
6051:
6047:
6039:
6035:
6027:
6023:
6015:, p. 379;
6011:
6007:
5999:
5995:
5987:
5983:
5975:
5971:
5963:
5959:
5951:
5947:
5939:
5935:
5927:
5923:
5915:
5911:
5903:
5899:
5891:
5887:
5879:, p. 229;
5871:
5867:
5859:
5855:
5847:, p. 128;
5843:
5839:
5831:
5827:
5823:, p. 1891.
5815:
5811:
5807:, p. 1890.
5795:
5791:
5787:, p. 1891.
5783:
5779:
5771:
5767:
5763:, p. 1889.
5755:
5751:
5743:
5739:
5723:
5719:
5699:
5695:
5687:
5683:
5675:
5671:
5663:
5659:
5651:
5647:
5639:
5633:
5626:
5618:, p. 213;
5614:
5610:
5598:
5594:
5588:Peterson (1982)
5586:
5582:
5574:
5570:
5562:
5558:
5550:
5546:
5538:
5534:
5530:, p. 1882.
5526:
5522:
5514:
5510:
5502:
5498:
5490:
5486:
5478:
5474:
5466:, p. 284;
5462:
5458:
5450:
5446:
5434:
5430:
5426:, p. 1889.
5418:
5414:
5406:
5402:
5394:
5390:
5374:
5370:
5362:
5358:
5346:
5342:
5334:
5330:
5318:
5314:
5306:
5302:
5294:
5290:
5282:
5275:
5267:
5263:
5255:
5251:
5243:
5239:
5231:
5227:
5219:
5215:
5211:, p. 1879.
5207:
5203:
5195:, p. 118;
5191:
5187:
5183:, pp. 2–3.
5179:
5175:
5155:
5151:
5143:
5139:
5132:
5124:. p. 300.
5111:
5107:
5099:, p. 249;
5095:
5091:
5083:
5079:
5071:
5067:
5059:
5055:
5047:
5043:
5035:, p. 566;
5031:, p. 106;
5027:
5023:
5019:, p. 1877.
5015:
5011:
4995:
4991:
4983:, p. 282;
4979:
4975:
4971:, p. 1885.
4959:, p. 219;
4955:
4951:
4943:
4939:
4927:, p. 220;
4923:, p. 337;
4919:, p. 105;
4911:, p. 377;
4903:
4899:
4895:, chs. 1, 6, 7.
4887:
4883:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4852:, p. 258)
4843:
4839:
4815:Referred to as
4814:
4810:
4806:, p. 1881
4765:
4761:
4735:
4728:
4723:
4690:
4680:
4667:
4661:
4648:
4642:
4626:
4620:
4607:
4601:
4585:
4579:
4566:
4560:
4547:
4452:Richard Wilhelm
4425:
4396:
4395:
4376:
4368:
4367:
4309:
4301:
4300:
4285:
4255:
4238:Quanzhen School
4198:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4159:
4126:
4078:
4030:
4011:
4001:
4000:
3969:Eight Immortals
3915:Lingbao Tianzun
3910:Yuanshi Tianzun
3905:Three Pure Ones
3895:
3885:
3884:
3796:
3788:
3787:
3696:
3688:
3687:
3651:Three Treasures
3545:
3496:
3484:latent variable
3448:Terence McKenna
3420:Richard Wilhelm
3368:1911 Revolution
3364:
3352:Jacques Derrida
3348:predicate logic
3268:
3224:Kumazawa Banzan
3127:
3082:
3058:binary sequence
2986:'s 3rd-century
2964:
2894:
2875:The sinologist
2873:
2864:
2848:
2842:
2831:
2825:
2814:
2808:
2797:
2791:
2780:
2774:
2763:
2757:
2746:
2740:
2729:
2723:
2710:
2704:
2693:
2687:
2676:
2670:
2659:
2653:
2642:
2636:
2625:
2619:
2608:
2602:
2591:
2585:
2572:
2566:
2555:
2549:
2538:
2532:
2521:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2487:
2481:
2470:
2464:
2453:
2447:
2434:
2428:
2417:
2411:
2400:
2394:
2383:
2377:
2366:
2360:
2349:
2343:
2332:
2326:
2315:
2309:
2296:
2290:
2279:
2273:
2262:
2256:
2245:
2239:
2228:
2222:
2211:
2205:
2194:
2188:
2177:
2171:
2158:
2152:
2141:
2135:
2124:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2090:
2084:
2073:
2067:
2056:
2050:
2039:
2033:
2020:
2014:
2003:
1997:
1986:
1980:
1969:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1935:
1929:
1918:
1912:
1901:
1895:
1882:
1876:
1865:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1814:
1808:
1797:
1791:
1780:
1774:
1763:
1757:
1741:
1737:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1509:
1503:
1435:
1374:
1250:
1244:
1212:, ancient form
1086:
978:
959:
944:
926:Shanghai Museum
919:
911:
874:Changes of Zhou
862:
857:
744:Book of Changes
734:
733:
725:
682:Revised Hepburn
546:Vietnamese name
445:E̍k Keng (
444:
360:
299:
279:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
226:Literal meaning
170:
122:
63:
56:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7279:
7269:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7195:
7188:
7181:
7180:
7179:
7165:
7158:
7151:
7143:
7141:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7125:
7123:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7108:
7101:
7094:
7087:
7080:
7073:
7070:The Art of War
7065:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7046:
7039:
7031:
7029:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7021:
7014:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6986:
6979:
6972:
6965:
6958:
6951:
6944:
6937:
6929:
6927:
6921:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6910:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6881:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6862:
6855:
6848:
6845:Great Learning
6840:
6838:
6832:
6831:
6819:
6818:
6811:
6804:
6796:
6790:
6789:
6781:
6764:
6763:External links
6761:
6759:
6758:
6752:
6739:
6733:
6720:
6714:
6701:
6695:
6682:
6676:
6663:
6657:
6636:
6630:
6609:
6597:
6591:
6578:
6572:
6559:
6553:
6540:
6534:
6521:
6515:
6502:
6482:Book of Change
6477:
6471:
6459:Nylan, Michael
6455:
6449:
6436:
6412:Korean Studies
6407:
6401:
6388:
6378:(3): 377–396.
6363:
6357:
6337:
6331:
6318:
6312:
6299:
6293:
6280:
6274:
6261:
6255:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6221:
6209:
6207:, p. 239.
6193:
6173:
6171:, p. 225.
6158:
6142:
6130:
6109:
6097:
6085:
6069:
6067:, p. 231.
6057:
6055:, p. 205.
6045:
6043:, p. 383.
6033:
6031:, p. 381.
6021:
6019:, p. 204.
6005:
6003:, p. 197.
5993:
5981:
5969:
5957:
5945:
5933:
5921:
5909:
5907:, p. xvi.
5905:Nielsen (2003)
5897:
5895:, p. 177.
5885:
5865:
5863:, p. 227.
5853:
5851:, p. 177.
5837:
5835:, p. 144.
5825:
5809:
5789:
5777:
5765:
5749:
5737:
5735:, p. 159.
5731:, p. 45;
5727:, p. 58;
5717:
5693:
5681:
5669:
5657:
5645:
5624:
5608:
5604:Nielsen (2003)
5602:, p. 27;
5592:
5580:
5568:
5556:
5554:, p. 221.
5544:
5532:
5520:
5508:
5506:, p. 260.
5504:Nielsen (2003)
5496:
5494:, p. 229.
5484:
5472:
5456:
5444:
5428:
5420:Nielsen (2003)
5412:
5410:, p. 337.
5408:Raphals (2013)
5400:
5388:
5378:, p. 97;
5368:
5366:, p. 257.
5356:
5354:, p. 167.
5352:Raphals (2013)
5350:, p. 27;
5340:
5336:Raphals (2013)
5328:
5326:, p. 336.
5324:Raphals (2013)
5322:, p. 43;
5312:
5310:, p. 173.
5300:
5298:, p. 129.
5296:Raphals (2013)
5288:
5273:
5261:
5249:
5237:
5235:, p. 131.
5225:
5213:
5201:
5199:, p. 123.
5185:
5173:
5171:, p. 128.
5149:
5137:
5130:
5105:
5103:, p. 133.
5097:Nielsen (2003)
5089:
5085:Nielsen (2003)
5077:
5075:, p. 144.
5065:
5053:
5051:, p. 295.
5041:
5021:
5009:
4989:
4973:
4967:, p. 22;
4949:
4947:, p. 218.
4937:
4931:, p. 37;
4921:Raphals (2013)
4907:, p. 22;
4897:
4889:Redmond (2021)
4881:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4837:
4833:Nielsen (2003)
4808:
4759:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4698:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4665:
4659:
4646:
4640:
4624:
4618:
4605:
4599:
4583:
4577:
4564:
4558:
4545:
4535:
4524:
4523:
4510:(1924, 1950).
4505:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:Taoist priests
4388:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4316:
4314:Grotto-heavens
4310:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4235:
4230:
4228:Lingbao School
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4163:Zhang Guoxiang
4158:
4157:
4152:
4150:Wang Chongyang
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4130:Cheng Xuanying
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3984:Yellow Emperor
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3902:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3665:
3660:
3648:
3643:
3636:
3628:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3598:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3514:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3495:
3492:
3436:Philip K. Dick
3404:interpretation
3388:Joseph Needham
3380:linear algebra
3363:
3360:
3303:binary numbers
3284:Joachim Bouvet
3267:
3264:
3242:. One writer,
3126:
3123:
3111:Kangxi Emperor
3091:Great Learning
3081:
3078:
3054:binary numbers
3009:Zhōuyì zhèngyì
2963:
2960:
2893:
2890:
2879:describes the
2863:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2839:
2822:
2805:
2788:
2771:
2754:
2737:
2719:
2718:
2701:
2684:
2667:
2650:
2633:
2616:
2599:
2581:
2580:
2563:
2546:
2529:
2512:
2495:
2478:
2461:
2443:
2442:
2425:
2408:
2391:
2374:
2357:
2340:
2336:大壯 (dà zhuàng)
2323:
2305:
2304:
2287:
2270:
2253:
2236:
2219:
2202:
2185:
2167:
2166:
2149:
2132:
2115:
2098:
2081:
2064:
2047:
2029:
2028:
2011:
1994:
1977:
1960:
1943:
1926:
1909:
1891:
1890:
1873:
1856:
1839:
1822:
1805:
1788:
1771:
1702:Main article:
1699:
1696:
1568:describes the
1533:Middle Chinese
1505:Main article:
1502:
1499:
1434:
1428:
1256:Fifty yarrow (
1246:Main article:
1243:
1240:
1085:
1082:
1036:eight trigrams
1008:folk etymology
977:
974:
861:
858:
856:
850:
771:Warring States
700:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
684:
678:
677:
676:Transcriptions
669:
668:
661:
655:
654:
647:
641:
640:
636:
635:
632:
631:
624:
618:
617:
616:Transcriptions
609:
608:
601:
595:
594:
587:
581:
580:
576:
575:
568:
562:
561:
554:
548:
547:
543:
542:
539:
538:
528:
522:
521:
511:
505:
504:
498:
497:
490:
488:Middle Chinese
484:
483:
481:Middle Chinese
477:
476:
469:
460:
459:
453:
452:
435:
426:
425:
419:
418:
407:
401:
400:
393:
387:
386:
379:
373:
372:
370:Yue: Cantonese
366:
365:
356:
350:
349:
343:
342:
335:
329:
328:
322:
321:
311:
305:
304:
295:
289:
288:
281:
275:
274:
267:
261:
260:
253:
247:
246:
240:
239:
238:Transcriptions
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
209:
208:
205:
204:
197:
191:
190:
183:
177:
176:
172:
171:
160:
152:
151:
148:
147:
137:
136:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
69:
65:
64:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7278:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7251:Synchronicity
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7201:
7200:
7196:
7194:
7193:
7189:
7187:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7177:
7173:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7166:
7164:
7163:
7159:
7157:
7156:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7138:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7088:
7086:
7085:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7058:
7052:
7051:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7026:
7020:
7019:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7008:
7006:
7005:
7001:
6999:
6998:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6987:
6985:
6984:
6980:
6978:
6977:
6973:
6971:
6970:
6966:
6964:
6963:
6962:Book of Rites
6959:
6957:
6956:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6948:Rites of Zhou
6945:
6943:
6942:
6938:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6926:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6904:
6902:
6901:
6900:Book of Rites
6897:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6877:Five Classics
6874:
6868:
6867:
6863:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6828:
6824:
6817:
6812:
6810:
6805:
6803:
6798:
6797:
6794:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6766:
6755:
6749:
6745:
6740:
6736:
6730:
6726:
6721:
6717:
6711:
6707:
6702:
6698:
6696:0-691-09939-1
6692:
6688:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6669:
6664:
6660:
6658:0-521-47030-7
6654:
6650:
6645:
6644:
6637:
6633:
6631:1-557-29043-1
6627:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6588:
6584:
6579:
6575:
6573:0-700-70467-1
6569:
6565:
6560:
6556:
6550:
6546:
6541:
6537:
6531:
6527:
6522:
6518:
6512:
6508:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6492:(1): 67–116.
6491:
6487:
6483:
6478:
6474:
6472:0-300-13033-3
6468:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6450:0-700-71608-4
6446:
6442:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6408:
6404:
6402:0-824-82242-0
6398:
6394:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6364:
6360:
6354:
6350:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6315:
6313:0-791-46311-7
6309:
6305:
6300:
6296:
6290:
6286:
6281:
6277:
6271:
6267:
6262:
6258:
6256:1-592-67334-1
6252:
6248:
6243:
6242:
6230:
6225:
6218:
6213:
6206:
6203:, p. 1;
6202:
6197:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6170:
6165:
6163:
6155:
6151:
6146:
6139:
6134:
6119:
6113:
6106:
6101:
6094:
6089:
6082:
6078:
6073:
6066:
6061:
6054:
6049:
6042:
6041:Nelson (2011)
6037:
6030:
6029:Nelson (2011)
6025:
6018:
6014:
6013:Nelson (2011)
6009:
6002:
5997:
5990:
5985:
5978:
5973:
5966:
5961:
5954:
5949:
5942:
5937:
5931:, p. 65.
5930:
5925:
5918:
5913:
5906:
5901:
5894:
5889:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5869:
5862:
5857:
5850:
5846:
5841:
5834:
5829:
5822:
5818:
5813:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5793:
5786:
5781:
5774:
5769:
5762:
5758:
5753:
5746:
5741:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5721:
5714:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5685:
5678:
5673:
5666:
5661:
5655:, p. 37.
5654:
5649:
5638:
5631:
5629:
5622:, p. 46.
5621:
5617:
5612:
5605:
5601:
5596:
5590:, p. 73.
5589:
5584:
5578:, p. 51.
5577:
5572:
5565:
5560:
5553:
5548:
5541:
5536:
5529:
5524:
5518:, p. 48.
5517:
5512:
5505:
5500:
5493:
5488:
5482:, p. 48.
5481:
5476:
5469:
5465:
5460:
5454:, p. 39.
5453:
5448:
5441:
5437:
5432:
5425:
5421:
5416:
5409:
5404:
5397:
5392:
5386:, p. 26.
5385:
5381:
5377:
5372:
5365:
5360:
5353:
5349:
5344:
5337:
5332:
5325:
5321:
5316:
5309:
5304:
5297:
5292:
5286:, p. 27.
5285:
5280:
5278:
5271:, p. 39.
5270:
5265:
5259:, p. 14.
5258:
5253:
5246:
5241:
5234:
5229:
5222:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5153:
5146:
5141:
5133:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5109:
5102:
5098:
5093:
5086:
5081:
5074:
5069:
5062:
5057:
5050:
5045:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5025:
5018:
5013:
5007:, p. 98.
5006:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4987:, p. 22.
4986:
4982:
4977:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4953:
4946:
4941:
4935:, p. 26.
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4915:, p. 2;
4914:
4910:
4909:Nelson (2011)
4906:
4901:
4894:
4890:
4885:
4879:, p. 17.
4878:
4873:
4869:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4834:
4830:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4794:
4782:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4752:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4701:Luoshu Square
4699:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4675:
4671:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4652:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4628:Hinton, David
4625:
4621:
4619:0-345-36243-8
4615:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4600:0-700-70467-1
4596:
4592:
4588:
4587:Rutt, Richard
4584:
4580:
4578:0-231-08294-0
4574:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4559:0-877-73661-8
4555:
4551:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4538:Blofeld, John
4536:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4422:
4417:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4341:Taoist temple
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:Mount Penglai
4329:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4308:Sacred places
4305:
4304:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:Zhang Sanfeng
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Zhang Daoling
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4005:
4004:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3937:Ziwei Emperor
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3920:Daode Tianzun
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Hongjun Laozu
3898:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3865:Qingjing Jing
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3706:Five Precepts
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:(five phases)
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3477:scholarship.
3476:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:Joni Mitchell
3453:
3452:Hermann Hesse
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3428:synchronicity
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3344:Gottlob Frege
3341:
3340:Boolean logic
3336:
3335:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3274:A diagram of
3272:
3263:
3261:
3260:Zhang Zhidong
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3244:Shizuki Tadao
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3010:
3005:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2929:Zhou yi jijie
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2877:Michael Nylan
2872:
2871:
2853:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2823:
2819:
2818:小過 (xiǎo guò)
2812:
2806:
2802:
2801:中孚 (zhōng fú)
2795:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2432:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1973:同人 (tóng rén)
1967:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1602:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:Five Classics
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1430:The classic:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:Shang dynasty
1221:
1216:
1204:
1199:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1168:
1157:
1147:
1142:
1131:
1121:
1117:
1110:) 'to divine'
1102:
1096:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1078:Tang of Shang
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1054:Rites of Zhou
1051:
1047:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
983:
973:
971:
970:
963:
958:
957:
952:
951:
950:Rites of Zhou
939:
935:
931:
927:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
887:
879:
875:
871:
867:
855:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:yarrow stalks
807:
805:
800:
796:
791:
788:
784:
783:Five Classics
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:
746:
745:
737:
730:
719:
715:
714:
709:
708:
697:
685:
683:
679:
674:
670:
662:
660:
656:
648:
646:
642:
639:Japanese name
637:
625:
623:
619:
614:
610:
602:
600:
596:
588:
586:
582:
577:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
553:
549:
544:
529:
527:
523:
512:
510:
509:Baxter (1992)
506:
503:
499:
491:
489:
485:
482:
478:
470:
468:
465:
461:
458:
454:
448:
442:
436:
434:
431:
427:
424:
420:
414:
408:
406:
402:
394:
392:
388:
380:
378:
374:
371:
367:
357:
355:
351:
348:
344:
336:
334:
330:
327:
323:
317:
312:
310:
306:
296:
294:
290:
282:
280:
276:
268:
266:
262:
254:
252:
248:
245:
241:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
214:
210:
206:
198:
196:
192:
184:
182:
178:
173:
168:
164:
158:
153:
149:
146:
142:
135:
129:
124:
121:Original text
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
70:
66:
62:
51:
45:
40:
34:
30:
26:
22:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7174:
7167:
7160:
7153:
7146:
7128:
7110:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7082:
7075:
7068:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7028:San Bai Qian
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6981:
6974:
6968:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6939:
6932:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6898:
6891:
6884:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6783:
6777:
6774:
6769:
6743:
6724:
6705:
6686:
6667:
6642:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6604:
6582:
6563:
6544:
6525:
6506:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6462:
6440:
6418:(1): 53–68.
6415:
6411:
6392:
6375:
6371:
6348:
6322:
6303:
6284:
6265:
6246:
6224:
6217:Smith (2012)
6212:
6196:
6181:
6176:
6145:
6133:
6121:. Retrieved
6112:
6105:Smith (2012)
6100:
6093:Smith (2012)
6088:
6077:Smith (2008)
6072:
6060:
6053:Smith (2008)
6048:
6036:
6024:
6017:Smith (2008)
6008:
6001:Smith (2008)
5996:
5984:
5972:
5960:
5948:
5936:
5924:
5912:
5900:
5893:Smith (2008)
5888:
5881:Adler (2020)
5877:Smith (2008)
5873:Adler (2002)
5868:
5856:
5845:Smith (2008)
5840:
5828:
5812:
5797:Smith (2008)
5792:
5780:
5773:Smith (2008)
5768:
5757:Smith (2008)
5752:
5745:Smith (2012)
5740:
5729:Nylan (2001)
5725:Smith (2008)
5720:
5712:
5706:
5696:
5689:Nylan (2001)
5684:
5672:
5660:
5653:Smith (2008)
5648:
5620:Smith (2012)
5611:
5600:Smith (2008)
5595:
5583:
5576:Yuasa (2008)
5571:
5564:Nylan (2001)
5559:
5552:Nylan (2001)
5547:
5535:
5523:
5516:Smith (2008)
5511:
5499:
5492:Nylan (2001)
5487:
5480:Smith (2012)
5475:
5468:Smith (2008)
5459:
5447:
5440:Smith (2008)
5431:
5415:
5403:
5396:Smith (2008)
5391:
5384:Smith (2008)
5371:
5359:
5348:Smith (2008)
5343:
5331:
5320:Smith (2012)
5315:
5303:
5291:
5284:Smith (2008)
5269:Smith (2012)
5264:
5252:
5240:
5228:
5216:
5204:
5188:
5176:
5152:
5140:
5122:W. W. Norton
5120:. New York:
5117:
5108:
5092:
5087:, p. 7.
5080:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5037:Nylan (2001)
5024:
5012:
4992:
4985:Smith (2012)
4976:
4965:Smith (2012)
4952:
4945:Nylan (2001)
4940:
4925:Nylan (2001)
4905:Smith (2012)
4900:
4893:Adler (2022)
4884:
4872:
4850:Nielsen 2003
4840:
4828:
4811:
4762:
4741:
4738:*k-lˤeng
4737:
4712:
4707:Qimen Dunjia
4705:
4693:
4669:
4650:
4631:
4609:
4590:
4568:
4549:
4541:
4531:
4525:
4515:
4511:
4498:
4494:
4486:
4484:
4480:Richard Rutt
4476:John Blofeld
4447:
4445:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4336:Mount Kunlun
4180:
4140:Zhang Boduan
4122:Tao Hongjing
4034:Heshang Gong
3932:Jade Emperor
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3851:Sanhuangjing
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3809:Tao Te Ching
3807:
3801:
3800:
3775:
3757:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3723:
3711:Ten Precepts
3681:
3677:
3667:
3655:
3638:
3630:
3623:
3620:(non-action)
3615:
3607:
3600:
3592:
3581:Yin and yang
3573:
3566:
3559:
3494:Translations
3474:
3472:
3459:
3415:
3398:, physicist
3391:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3326:
3298:
3289:
3275:
3255:
3235:
3231:
3211:
3204:Kokan Shiren
3183:
3181:
3168:
3152:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3119:Qing dynasty
3114:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3072:
3047:
3042:
3030:
3028:
3024:Song dynasty
3022:through the
3019:
3003:
2987:
2979:
2968:Tang dynasty
2965:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2933:
2928:
2910:
2901:
2895:
2880:
2874:
2869:
2680:歸妹 (guī mèi)
2387:家人 (jiā rén)
2370:明夷 (míng yí)
2181:無妄 (wú wàng)
1905:小畜 (xiǎo xù)
1749:
1746:
1735:
1730:
1716:
1714:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1649:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1589:
1585:
1582:bifurcations
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1510:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1463:Confucianism
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1431:
1423:
1401:
1399:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1278:yarrow plant
1273:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1235:
1232:
1222:of the late
1220:oracle bones
1197:
1183:
1145:
1115:
1113:
1073:
1071:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1031:
1024:Duke of Zhou
1015:
1013:
1004:oracle bones
996:Zhou dynasty
989:
981:
979:
967:
955:
948:
933:
895:
889:
873:
870:Western Zhou
865:
863:
853:
842:yin and yang
830:Confucianism
825:
817:
803:
794:
792:
786:
775:cosmological
767:Western Zhou
762:
749:
748:
743:
742:
712:
711:
706:
705:
703:
534:lek(k-lˤeng)
423:Southern Min
354:Romanization
251:Hanyu Pinyin
213:Hanyu Pinyin
175:Chinese name
162:
144:
60:
50:Song dynasty
33:
7148:Bai Hu Tong
7122:Mathematics
6238:Works cited
5677:Rutt (1996)
5452:Rutt (1996)
5380:Rutt (1996)
5308:Rutt (1996)
5233:Rutt (1996)
5221:Rutt (1996)
5193:Rutt (1996)
5157:Rutt (1996)
5145:Rutt (1996)
4997:Rutt (1996)
4961:Rutt (1996)
4933:Rutt (1996)
4877:Kern (2010)
4755:Old Chinese
4751:Han dynasty
4714:Taixuanjing
4495:The Yî King
4464:James Legge
4458:. Although
4456:Cary Baynes
4279:Zhengyi Dao
4243:Dragon Gate
4112:Kou Qianzhi
4107:Bao Jingyan
4021:Zhuang Zhou
3830:Taipingjing
3468:The Beatles
3356:logocentric
3346:to develop
3238:to explain
3230:ranked the
3158:Yeok Gyeong
3041:, read the
2982:. Choosing
2976:Kong Yingda
2912:Taixuanjing
2898:Eastern Han
2896:During the
2852:未濟 (wèi jì)
2232:大過 (dà guò)
2111:噬嗑 (shì kè)
1990:大有 (dà yǒu)
1639:keijijōgaku
1529:Old Chinese
1370:. From the
1341:Qin dynasty
1000:Feng Youlan
960: [
898:with dated
579:Korean name
502:Old Chinese
457:Eastern Min
167:seal script
132:at Chinese
84:Old Chinese
57: 1100
7215:Categories
7091:Wei Liaozi
6836:Four Books
5989:Ng (2000a)
5977:Ng (2000a)
5965:Ng (2000a)
5953:Ng (2000a)
5941:Ng (2000a)
5929:Ng (2000b)
5917:Ng (2000b)
5833:Hon (2005)
5817:Hon (2005)
5801:Hon (2005)
5438:, passim;
4913:Hon (2005)
4860:References
4695:Lingqijing
4502:, vol. XVI
4351:Louguantai
4294:Yao Taoism
4117:Lu Xiujing
4097:Wei Huacun
4092:Sun Hanhua
4039:Wei Boyang
3783:Priesthood
3716:Meditation
3635:(immortal)
3612:(reversal)
3479:Li Jingchi
3424:archetypes
3400:Niels Bohr
3366:After the
3254:within an
3228:Nakae Tōju
3220:Itō Jinsai
3216:Edo period
3200:Rinzai Zen
2993:Zhōuyì zhù
2952:Zhouyi zhu
2948:Han Kangbo
2925:Xun Shuang
2866:See also:
2835:既濟 (jì jì)
2198:大畜 (dà xù)
1457:among the
1441:named the
1395:cartomancy
1270:cleromancy
1264:divination
1228:Zheng Xuan
945: 475
928:corpus of
920: 827
806:divination
799:cleromancy
755:divination
628:Yeokgyeong
517:ljek(keng)
397:Jik6 Ging1
333:Suzhounese
293:Wade–Giles
134:Wikisource
94:Divination
6827:Confucian
6432:162334992
6156:, passim.
4865:Citations
4829:Zuo Zhuan
4827:) in the
4766:The word
4203:Huang–Lao
4155:Qiu Chuji
4145:Sun Bu'er
4135:Chen Tuan
4087:Guo Xiang
4054:Zhang Jue
4026:Lie Yukou
3858:Huahujing
3823:Huainanzi
3695:Practices
3646:True form
3440:John Cage
3412:Carl Jung
3125:East Asia
3050:Shao Yong
2917:Jing Fang
2542:升 (shēng)
1726:Mawangdui
1698:Hexagrams
1661:Confucius
1541:Zuo zhuan
1517:Ten Wings
1507:Ten Wings
1501:Ten Wings
1424:Zuo Zhuan
1402:Zuo Zhuan
1361:Huainanzi
1337:Zuo Zhuan
1318:Zuo Zhuan
1298:) and 9 (
1286:) and 8 (
1084:Structure
1067:Confucius
994:) of the
980:The name
801:known as
779:Ten Wings
726:Mandarin:
558:Kinh Dịch
383:Yihk Gīng
163:I (Ching)
104:Published
98:cosmology
6997:Analects
6859:Analects
6603:(1983).
6461:(2001).
5116:(2007).
4688:See also
4630:(2015).
4589:(1996).
4540:(1965).
4251:Wuliupai
4173:Zhu Quan
4059:Zhang Lu
3893:Theology
3837:Xiang'er
3816:Zhuangzi
3720:Alchemy
3544:Concepts
3503:a series
3501:Part of
3488:Gao Heng
3342:and for
3323:alphabet
3250:and the
3135:Yi Hwang
3035:Cheng Yi
2974:ordered
2767:渙 (huàn)
2697:豐 (fēng)
2663:漸 (jiàn)
2629:震 (zhèn)
2612:鼎 (dǐng)
2576:井 (jǐng)
2491:夬 (guài)
2421:蹇 (jiǎn)
2300:恆 (héng)
2283:咸 (xián)
2094:觀 (guān)
2007:謙 (qiān)
1852:訟 (sòng)
1818:蒙 (méng)
1801:屯 (zhūn)
1767:乾 (qián)
1692:Analects
1616:), with
1471:Legalism
1383:Gao Heng
1364:and the
1345:Shuihudi
1120:hexagram
1022:and the
966:and the
956:Lianshan
838:Buddhism
814:hexagram
659:Hiragana
494:yek geng
391:Jyutping
361:Yit Gang
285:Yih Jing
265:Bopomofo
80:Language
37:I Ching
7221:I Ching
7018:Mencius
6969:I Ching
6907:I Ching
6866:Mencius
6785:Yi Jing
6614:I Ching
6498:2719121
4757:period.
4487:I Ching
4448:I Ching
4437:I Ching
4433:I Ching
4213:Xuanxue
4196:Schools
4182:Fangshi
4102:Ge Hong
4074:Wang Bi
4064:Ge Xuan
3996:Li Hong
3991:Guan Yu
3974:Chang'e
3879:Daozang
3872:Baopuzi
3802:I Ching
3640:Zhenren
3602:Bianhua
3534:History
3529:Outline
3475:I Ching
3416:I Ching
3392:I Ching
3376:I Ching
3372:I Ching
3327:I Ching
3299:I Ching
3276:I Ching
3256:I Ching
3236:I Ching
3232:I Ching
3212:I Ching
3202:master
3192: (
3189:Eki Kyō
3184:I Ching
3169:I Ching
3161: (
3153:I Ching
3139:I Ching
3131:I Ching
3115:I Ching
3107:I Ching
3086:I Ching
3043:I Ching
3031:I Ching
3020:I Ching
2984:Wang Bi
2980:I Ching
2956:Guan Lu
2944:I Ching
2940:Wang Bi
2936:I Ching
2902:I Ching
2881:I Ching
2870:I Ching
2784:節 (jié)
2750:兌 (duì)
2733:巽 (xùn)
2646:艮 (gèn)
2559:困 (kùn)
2525:萃 (cuì)
2508:姤 (gòu)
2457:損 (sǔn)
2438:解 (xiè)
2404:睽 (kuí)
2353:晉 (jìn)
2319:遯 (dùn)
2249:坎 (kǎn)
2077:臨 (lín)
2043:隨 (suí)
1939:泰 (tài)
1869:師 (shī)
1784:坤 (kūn)
1731:Zhou yi
1717:I Ching
1687:Zhou yi
1683:Zhou yi
1675:I Ching
1671:I Ching
1634:I Ching
1622:Shuogua
1586:I Ching
1574:I Ching
1570:I Ching
1556:Dazhuan
1545:I Ching
1537:I Ching
1525:Zhou yi
1521:Zhou yi
1513:Zhou yi
1495:Zhou yi
1491:I Ching
1483:I Ching
1479:Zhou yi
1455:I Ching
1451:I Ching
1443:Zhou yi
1432:I Ching
1400:In the
1367:Lunheng
1352:I Ching
1333:Zhou yi
1329:Zhou yi
1310:Zhou yi
1304:). The
1274:Zhou yi
1262:I Ching
1198:I Ching
1156:guàmíng
1146:Zhou yi
1118:is the
1116:Zhou yi
1074:I Ching
1063:Ma Rong
1058:Zhou yi
1050:Zhou yi
1016:Zhou yi
982:Zhou yi
969:Guicang
934:Zhou yi
915:
896:Zhou yi
891:Zhōu yì
878:Chinese
866:I Ching
860:History
854:Zhou Yi
846:Wu Xing
826:I Ching
818:I Ching
804:I Ching
795:I Ching
787:I Ching
763:I Ching
718:Chinese
707:I Ching
566:Chữ Hán
473:Ĭk Gĭng
430:Hokkien
339:Yih Jin
300:I Ching
257:Yì Jīng
217:Yì Jīng
145:I Ching
90:Subject
61:I Ching
7140:Others
6750:
6731:
6712:
6693:
6674:
6655:
6651:–351.
6628:
6618:Chou I
6589:
6570:
6551:
6532:
6513:
6496:
6469:
6447:
6430:
6399:
6355:
6329:
6310:
6291:
6272:
6253:
6190:vol. 2
6186:vol. 1
6123:20 May
5128:
4846:Zhu Xi
4676:
4657:
4638:
4616:
4597:
4575:
4556:
4069:He Yan
4049:Gan Ji
4009:People
3741:Bugang
3732:Waidan
3725:Neidan
3617:Wu wei
3594:Wuxing
3511:Taoism
3460:Hejira
3370:, the
3362:Modern
3307:theism
3226:, and
3175:silhak
2921:Yu Fan
2714:旅 (lǚ)
2595:革 (gé)
2474:益 (yì)
2266:離 (lí)
2215:頤 (yí)
2162:復 (fù)
2145:剝 (bō)
2128:賁 (bì)
2060:蠱 (gŭ)
2024:豫 (yù)
1956:否 (pǐ)
1922:履 (lǚ)
1886:比 (bǐ)
1835:需 (xū)
1618:Heaven
1604:) and
1590:Wenyan
1576:, the
1467:Taoism
1379:Zhu Xi
888::
886:pinyin
880::
834:Taoism
761:. The
720::
713:Yijing
688:Ekikyō
585:Hangul
464:Fuzhou
271:ㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄥ
7199:Xunzi
7098:Wu Zi
6829:texts
6494:JSTOR
6428:S2CID
5640:(PDF)
4793:guàcí
4721:Notes
4497:. In
4489:are:
4016:Laozi
3947:Houtu
3844:Liezi
3795:Texts
3625:Ziran
3588:Bagua
3575:Taiji
3466:" by
3282:from
1561:Xi ci
1558:) or
1375:'
1324:Guoyu
1242:Usage
1178:yáocí
1098:) of
1045:bāguà
964:]
868:is a
732:
665:えききょう
645:Kanji
599:Hanja
532:*
515:*
347:Hakka
165:" in
115:China
7004:Erya
6825:and
6748:ISBN
6729:ISBN
6710:ISBN
6691:ISBN
6672:ISBN
6653:ISBN
6626:ISBN
6616:易經 (
6587:ISBN
6568:ISBN
6549:ISBN
6530:ISBN
6511:ISBN
6467:ISBN
6445:ISBN
6397:ISBN
6353:ISBN
6327:ISBN
6308:ISBN
6289:ISBN
6270:ISBN
6251:ISBN
6125:2021
5126:ISBN
4781:duàn
4769:tuàn
4742:jing
4736:The
4674:ISBN
4655:ISBN
4636:ISBN
4614:ISBN
4595:ISBN
4573:ISBN
4554:ISBN
4470:and
4462:and
4431:The
3777:Fulu
3759:Bigu
3754:Diet
3680:and
3669:Shen
3657:Jing
3632:Xian
3568:Wuji
3450:and
3426:and
3382:and
3305:and
3015:周易正義
2923:and
1645:形而上学
1628:The
1601:qián
1393:and
1391:dice
1321:and
1236:yong
1203:zhēn
1193:元亨利貞
1167:tuàn
1101:zhēn
1028:Fuxi
1014:The
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704:The
447:lit.
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6649:292
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6420:doi
6380:doi
4848:. (
4818:yao
4802:).
3771:Art
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3678:Hun
3609:Fan
3555:Tao
3311:God
2999:周易注
1654:Tao
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1449:or
1419:zhi
1407:zhi
1141:yáo
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2013:16
1996:15
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1911:10
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832:,
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