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in Quebec,. Canada has contracted 16 icebreaking multipurpose vessels from
Seaspan (currently in functional design as of August 2024 with detailed design starting in the first half of 2025) and 6 medium icebreakers from Davie (initial contract was awarded in March 2024). Finland has "know-how";
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and to accelerate icebreaker shipbuilding for itself and allies with assistance from
Finland and Canada. The country of manufacture is yet to be determined; US rules currently require navy ships to be manufactured in the United States, but not privately owned ships (though there are
353:", Finland has taken effort to increase its military collaboration with NATO allies, especially with members of the Arctic region, such as the United States. The other members of the Arctic Council started excluding Russia from Arctic coordination after the 2022 invasion.
796:
Buixadé Farré, Albert; Stephenson, Scott R.; Chen, Linling; Czub, Michael; Dai, Ying; Demchev, Denis; Efimov, Yaroslav; Graczyk, Piotr; Grythe, Henrik; Keil, Kathrin; Kivekäs, Niku; Kumar, Naresh; Liu, Nengye; Matelenok, Igor; Myksvoll, Mari (2 October 2014).
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has built more than half of the world's icebreakers. The US has an overall goal of 70-90 Arctic-capable ships built within a decade. Canada is mainly to help with the ramping up and scaling of icebreaker ship building capacity.
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and to open trade routes in the Far North. China also has had interests in the Arctic for a while, especially since 2013 when China gained a permanent observer status in the
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put shipbuilding in the United States years behind schedule, with shortages of experienced labor, supply chain delays, and design problems.
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799:"Commercial Arctic shipping through the Northeast Passage: routes, resources, governance, technology, and infrastructure"
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In the midst of designing and building 21 icebreaker vessels, Seaspan
Shipyards welcomes the formation of the "ICE Pact"
345:, however only Finland has become a member of the Icebreaker Collaboration Effort. In response to Finland bordering the
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The ICE Pact is a partnership in efforts to bolster shipbuilding capacities and industries, especially the enhancing of
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659:"Suomi aloittaa jäänmurtajayhteistyön Yhdysvaltojen ja Kanadan kanssa – taustalla Kiinan toimet arktisella alueella"
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making navigation in more of the area more feasible more of the time, the
Russian Federation seeks to exploit
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685:"US, Canada, Finland launch effort to build ice-breaking ships as China and Russia cooperate in Arctic"
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505:"Biden-Harris Administration Announces New Polar Partnership "ICE Pact" Alongside Finland and Canada"
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restrictions on transport services). Canada has contracted for one heavy icebreaker from
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530:"U.S., Canada and Finland announce joint Icebreaker Collaboration Effort - UPI.com"
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The United States started cutting off military cooperation with Russia after the
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471:"US, Canada and Finland form 'Ice Pact' to project influence into Arctic region"
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production capacity in Canada and
Finland, and to counter the influence of the
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555:"Jäänmurtaja-aloite on Suomelle merkittävä teollisuuspoliittinen mahdollisuus"
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769:"US Navy ship building schedules hit by supply-chain woes, labor shortages"
711:"Cold rush: How a transatlantic ship pact can win the race for the Arctic"
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837:"How China uses Russia to cement its position as an Arctic superpower"
783:"U.S., Finland and Canada join 'ICE Pact' to counter Russia in Arctic"
633:"Canada to work with Finland, U.S. on 'Ice Pact' to build icebreakers"
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608:"Canada, U.S. and Finland form pact to build icebreakers for Arctic"
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Trilateral agreement between the United States, Canada and
Finland
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in
British Columbia and plans to contract a second from
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The United States formed the ICE Pact to strengthen the
754:"Puolustusyhteistyösopimus Yhdysvaltain kanssa (DCA)"
337:(NATO). Both Finland and Sweden are members of the
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581:"Nato-jäsenyys tuo Suomelle himoitun yhteistyön"
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234:. The ICE Pact was formed on 11 July 2024 in
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52:Walter E. Washington Convention Center
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363:With increasing temperatures due to
443:Uusi-Hakala, Katja (11 July 2024).
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399:Arctic policy of the United States
335:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
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503:House, The White (11 July 2024).
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27:Icebreaker Collaboration Effort
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356:By 2024, after-effects of the
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445:"Joint Statement on ICE Pact"
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815:10.1080/1088937X.2014.965769
46:and Canadian Prime Minister
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767:Mike Stone (2 April 2024).
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742:. 21 September 2016.
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449:Presidentti
341:and in the
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149:Signatories
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863:Categories
771:. Reuters.
637:NNSL Media
405:References
304:See also:
300:Background
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823:1088-937X
483:0261-3077
280:Jones Act
194:Languages
186:Joe Biden
44:Joe Biden
383:See also
220:ICE Pact
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