1852:. According to theories based on hysteresis, severe economic downturns (recession) and/or persistent stagnation (slow demand growth, usually after a recession) cause unemployed individuals to lose their job skills (commonly developed on the job) or to find that their skills have become obsolete, or become demotivated, disillusioned or depressed or lose job-seeking skills. In addition, employers may use time spent in unemployment as a screening tool, i.e., to weed out less desired employees in hiring decisions. Then, in times of an economic upturn, recovery, or "boom", the affected workers will not share in the prosperity, remaining unemployed for long periods (e.g., over 52 weeks). This makes unemployment "structural", i.e., extremely difficult to reduce simply by increasing the aggregate demand for products and labor without causing increased inflation. That is, it is possible that a
1122:-indeed, the definition of mesopores (2â50 nm) is associated with the appearance (50 nm) and disappearance (2 nm) of mesoporosity in nitrogen adsorption isotherms as a function of Kelvin radius. An adsorption isotherm showing hysteresis is said to be of Type IV (for a wetting adsorbate) or Type V (for a non-wetting adsorbate), and hysteresis loops themselves are classified according to how symmetric the loop is. Adsorption hysteresis loops also have the unusual property that it is possible to scan within a hysteresis loop by reversing the direction of adsorption while on a point on the loop. The resulting scans are called "crossing", "converging", or "returning", depending on the shape of the isotherm at this point.
1592:
but also on the previously achieved Fus3 levels. This effect is achieved due to the slower time scales involved in the transcription of intermediate Far1, such that the total Far1 activity reaches its equilibrium value slowly, and for transient changes in Fus3 concentration, the response of the system depends on the Far1 concentration achieved with the transient value. Experiments in this type of hysteresis benefit from the ability to change the concentration of the inputs with time. The mechanisms are often elucidated by allowing independent control of the concentration of the key intermediate, for instance, by using an inducible promoter.
1055:
surface is then tilted from 0° to 90°. As the drop is tilted, the downhill side will be in a state of imminent wetting while the uphill side will be in a state of imminent dewetting. As the tilt increases the downhill contact angle will increase and represents the advancing contact angle while the uphill side will decrease; this is the receding contact angle. The values for these angles just prior to the drop releasing will typically represent the advancing and receding contact angles. The difference between these two angles is the contact angle hysteresis.
1090:, which causes the bubbles to behave differently across expansion and contraction. During expansion, bubbles undergo large non equilibrium jumps in volume, while during contraction the bubbles are more stable and undergo a relatively smaller jump in volume resulting in an asymmetry across expansion and contraction. The bubble shape hysteresis is qualitatively similar to the adsorption hysteresis, and as in the contact angle hysteresis, the interfacial properties play an important role in bubble shape hysteresis.
1189:
819:
963:
1165:
resistance. The relation between the sensor's electrical resistance and sensor matric potential is hysteretic. Thermocouples measure matric potential as a function of heat dissipation. Hysteresis occurs because measured heat dissipation depends on sensor water content, and the sensor water contentâmatric potential relationship is hysteretic. As of 2002, only desorption curves are usually measured during calibration of
1150:) are converted to volumetric water content (θ) measurements based on a site or soil specific calibration curve. Hysteresis is a source of water content measurement error. Matric potential hysteresis arises from differences in wetting behaviour causing dry medium to re-wet; that is, it depends on the saturation history of the porous medium. Hysteretic behaviour means that, for example, at a matric potential (Ψ
1455:. These models allow an accurate modeling of the hysteresis loop and are widely used in the industry. However, these models lose the connection with thermodynamics and the energy consistency is not ensured. A more recent model, with a more consistent thermodynamical foundation, is the vectorial incremental nonconservative consistent hysteresis (VINCH) model of Lavet et al. (2011)
38:
1066:. As with the tilt method, the difference between the advancing and receding contact angles is the contact angle hysteresis. Most researchers prefer the tilt method; the add/remove method requires that a tip or needle stay embedded in the drop which can affect the accuracy of the values, especially the receding contact angle.
1979:
a wide class of hysteretical systems; therefore, given its versability and mathematical tractability, the BoucâWen model has quickly gained popularity and has been extended and applied to a wide variety of engineering problems, including multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems, buildings, frames, bidirectional and
924:, hysteresis can be observed when decreasing the angle of attack of a wing after stall, regarding the lift and drag coefficients. The angle of attack at which the flow on top of the wing reattaches is generally lower than the angle of attack at which the flow separates during the increase of the angle of attack.
912:
and the menu region. This allows the user to move the mouse directly to an item on the menu, even if part of that direct mouse path is outside of both the trigger region and the menu region. For instance, right-clicking on the desktop in most
Windows interfaces will create a menu that exhibits this behavior.
1978:
is often used to describe non-linear hysteretic systems. It was introduced by Bouc and extended by Wen, who demonstrated its versatility by producing a variety of hysteretic patterns. This model is able to capture in analytical form, a range of shapes of hysteretic cycles which match the behaviour of
1835:
When some negative shock reduces employment in a company or industry, fewer employed workers then remain. As usually the employed workers have the power to set wages, their reduced number incentivizes them to bargain for even higher wages when the economy again gets better instead of letting the wage
1676:
activation is required for downstream effector functions of activated T cells. Triggering of the T cell receptor induces high levels of Ras activation, which results in higher levels of GTP-bound (active) Ras at the cell surface. Since higher levels of active Ras have accumulated at the cell surface
1548:
melts at 85 °C (185 °F) and solidifies from 32 to 40 °C (90 to 104 °F). This is to say that once agar is melted at 85 °C, it retains a liquid state until cooled to 40 °C. Therefore, from the temperatures of 40 to 85 °C, agar can be either solid or liquid, depending
1999:
devices for buildings and other kinds of damping devices; it has also been used in the modelling and analysis of structures built of reinforced concrete, steel, masonry and timber.. The most important extension of Bouc-Wen Model was carried out by Baber and Noori and later by Noori and co-workers.
911:
has borrowed the term hysteresis to refer to times when the state of the user interface intentionally lags behind the apparent user input. For example, a menu that was drawn in response to a mouse-over event may remain on-screen for a brief moment after the mouse has moved out of the trigger region
806:
controlling a heater may switch the heater on when the temperature drops below A, but not turn it off until the temperature rises above B. (For instance, if one wishes to maintain a temperature of 20 °C then one might set the thermostat to turn the heater on when the temperature drops to below
1591:
Biochemical systems can also show hysteresis-like output when slowly varying states that are not directly monitored are involved, as in the case of the cell cycle arrest in yeast exposed to mating pheromone. Here, the duration of cell cycle arrest depends not only on the final level of input Fus3,
1054:
formed between a liquid and solid phase will exhibit a range of contact angles that are possible. There are two common methods for measuring this range of contact angles. The first method is referred to as the tilting base method. Once a drop is dispensed on the surface with the surface level, the
1003:
Elastic hysteresis is more pronounced when the loading and unloading is done quickly than when it is done slowly. Some materials such as hard metals don't show elastic hysteresis under a moderate load, whereas other hard materials like granite and marble do. Materials such as rubber exhibit a high
999:
In terms of force, the rubber band was harder to stretch when it was being loaded than when it was being unloaded. In terms of time, when the band is unloaded, the effect (the length) lagged behind the cause (the force of the weights) because the length has not yet reached the value it had for the
1007:
When the intrinsic hysteresis of rubber is being measured, the material can be considered to behave like a gas. When a rubber band is stretched it heats up, and if it is suddenly released, it cools down perceptibly. These effects correspond to a large hysteresis from the thermal exchange with the
1097:
experiments involving bubbles. As a result of the hysteresis, not all sizes of the bubbles can be formed on a capillary. Further the gas compressibility causing the hysteresis leads to unintended complications in the phase relation between the applied changes in interfacial area to the expected
1776:
A hysteresis effect may be observed in voicing onset versus offset. The threshold value of the subglottal pressure required to start the vocal fold vibration is lower than the threshold value at which the vibration stops, when other parameters are kept constant. In utterances of vowel-voiceless
1677:
in T cells that have been previously stimulated by strong engagement of the T cell receptor, weaker subsequent T cell receptor signals received shortly afterwards will deliver the same level of activation due to the presence of higher levels of already activated Ras as compared to a naĂŻve cell.
1655:
transcription factors, the executors of the Shh pathway, is suppressed. Glis are processed to repressor forms (GliR) in the absence of Shh, but in the presence of Shh, a proportion of Glis are maintained as full-length proteins allowed to translocate to the nucleus, where they act as activators
1572:
where the same input state can lead to two different, stable outputs. Where bistability can lead to digital, switch-like outputs from the continuous inputs of chemical concentrations and activities, hysteresis makes these systems more resistant to noise. These systems are often characterized by
1110:
processes. In this type of hysteresis, the quantity adsorbed is different when gas is being added than it is when being removed. The specific causes of adsorption hysteresis are still an active area of research, but it is linked to differences in the nucleation and evaporation mechanisms inside
1876:
among others to explain the differences in long run unemployment rates between Europe and the United States. Labor market reform (usually meaning institutional change promoting more flexible wages, firing, and hiring) or strong demand-side economic growth may not therefore reduce this pool of
692:. If the input is reduced to zero, the output continues to respond for a finite time. This constitutes a memory of the past, but a limited one because it disappears as the output decays to zero. The phase lag depends on the frequency of the input, and goes to zero as the frequency decreases.
1164:
are directly influenced by this type of hysteresis. Two other types of sensors used to measure soil water matric potential are also influenced by hysteresis effects within the sensor itself. Resistance blocks, both nylon and gypsum based, measure matric potential as a function of electrical
1963:. Along with the smooth loops, substitution of trapezoidal, triangular or rectangular pulses instead of the harmonic functions allows piecewise-linear hysteresis loops frequently used in discrete automatics to be built in the model. There are implementations of the hysteresis loop model in
85:, depending on how the field changed in the past. Plots of a single component of the moment often form a loop or hysteresis curve, where there are different values of one variable depending on the direction of change of another variable. This history dependence is the basis of memory in a
945:, normally have a small gap between them, to allow movement and lubrication. As a consequence of this gap, any reversal in direction of a drive part will not be passed on immediately to the driven part. This unwanted delay is normally kept as small as practicable, and is usually called
1500:. The low coercivity minimizes the energy loss associated with hysteresis, as the magnetic field periodically reverses in the presence of an alternating current. The low energy loss during a hysteresis loop is the reason why soft iron is used for transformer cores and electric motors.
1430:
per unit volume is smaller than it would be in a single-domain magnet; but domain walls involve rotation of only a small part of the magnetization, so it is much easier to change the magnetic moment. The magnetization can also change by addition or subtraction of domains (called
1785:
Hysteresis is a commonly encountered phenomenon in ecology and epidemiology, where the observed equilibrium of a system can not be predicted solely based on environmental variables, but also requires knowledge of the system's past history. Notable examples include the theory of
1650:
to subdivide these tissues into distinct domains. It has been shown that these tissues have a 'memory' of previous exposure to Shh. In neural tissue, this hysteresis is regulated by a homeodomain (HD) feedback circuit that amplifies Shh signaling. In this circuit, expression of
1856:
in unemployment rates exists, so a short-term rise in unemployment rates tends to persist. For example, traditional anti-inflationary policy (the use of recession to fight inflation) leads to a permanently higher "natural" rate of unemployment (more scientifically known as the
992:, the band will contract as the force is reduced. As the weights are taken off, each weight that produced a specific length as it was loaded onto the band now contracts less, resulting in a slightly longer length as it is unloaded. This is because the band does not obey
427:
2000:
That extended model, named, BWBN, can reproduce the complex shear pinching or slip-lock phenomenon that earlier model could not reproduce. The BWBN model has been widely used in a wide spectrum of applications and implementations are available in software such as
1767:
vs Volume curve of inhalation is different from the
Pressure vs Volume curve of exhalation, the difference being described as hysteresis. Lung volume at any given pressure during inhalation is less than the lung volume at any given pressure during exhalation.
1777:
consonant-vowel sequences during speech, the intraoral pressure is lower at the voice onset of the second vowel compared to the voice offset of the first vowel, the oral airflow is lower, the transglottal pressure is larger and the glottal width is smaller.
554:
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in which the direction of magnetization rotates from the direction of one domain to another. If the magnetic field changes, the walls move, changing the relative sizes of the domains. Because the domains are not magnetized in the same direction, the
1877:
long-term unemployed. Thus, specific targeted training programs are presented as a possible policy solution. However, the hysteresis hypothesis suggests such training programs are aided by persistently high demand for products (perhaps with
205:
wrote "...the very meaning of hysteresis varies from one area to another, from paper to paper and from author to author. As a result, a stringent mathematical definition of hysteresis is needed in order to avoid confusion and ambiguity.".
1609:, by which he meant "failure of the external form of the chromosomes to respond immediately to the internal stresses due to changes in their molecular spiral", as they lie in a somewhat rigid medium in the limited space of the
1831:
performance is subject to strong hysteresis effects: because of the fixed transportation costs it may take a big push to start a country's exports, but once the transition is made, not much may be required to keep them going.
1573:
higher values of the input required to switch into a particular state as compared to the input required to stay in the state, allowing for a transition that is not continuously reversible, and thus less susceptible to noise.
719:
memory of the past that remains after the transients have died out. The future development of such a system depends on the history of states visited, but does not fade as the events recede into the past. If an input variable
932:
Hysteresis can be observed in the stage-flow relationship of a river during rapidly changing conditions such as passing of a flood wave. It is most pronounced in low gradient streams with steep leading edge hydrographs.
1656:(GliA) of transcription. By reducing Gli expression then, the HD transcription factors reduce the total amount of Gli (GliT), so a higher proportion of GliT can be stabilized as GliA for the same concentration of Shh.
1947:
Each subject that involves hysteresis has models that are specific to the subject. In addition, there are hysteretic models that capture general features of many systems with hysteresis. An example is the
780:
passes through but not on the speed at which it traverses the path. Many authors restrict the term hysteresis to mean only rate-independent hysteresis. Hysteresis effects can be characterized using the
984:
with weights attached to it. If the top of a rubber band is hung on a hook and small weights are attached to the bottom of the band one at a time, it will stretch and get longer. As more weights are
302:
307:
3673:
S.P. Hargreaves Heap (1980). "Choosing the Wrong `Natural' Rate: Accelerating
Inflation or Decelerating Employment and Growth?" The Economic Journal Vol. 90, No. 359 (Sep., 1980), pp. 611-620.
1023:) can achieve the dual function of springing and damping because rubber, unlike metal springs, has pronounced hysteresis and does not return all the absorbed compression energy on the rebound.
1956:
of square loops called non-ideal relays. Many complex models of hysteresis arise from the simple parallel connection, or superposition, of elementary carriers of hysteresis termed hysterons.
1086:
to ambient pressure, and the relative magnitude of the bubble volume at the maximum capillary pressure to the dead volume in the system. The bubble shape hysteresis is a consequence of gas
1000:
same weight during the loading part of the cycle. In terms of energy, more energy was required during the loading than the unloading, the excess energy being dissipated as thermal energy.
888:) and the hysteresis helps to keep the components in a particular state while the other components change states. Thus, all rows can be addressed at the same time instead of individually.
802:
In control systems, hysteresis can be used to filter signals so that the output reacts less rapidly than it otherwise would by taking recent system history into account. For example, a
438:
4019:
Vaiana, Nicolò; Sessa, Salvatore; Rosati, Luciano (January 2021). "A generalized class of uniaxial rate-independent models for simulating asymmetric mechanical hysteresis phenomena".
2610:
Alvarez, Nicolas J.; Walker, Lynn M.; Anna, Shelley L. (2010-08-17). "A Microtensiometer To Probe the Effect of Radius of
Curvature on Surfactant Transport to a Spherical Interface".
1960:
1872:
The existence of hysteresis has been put forward as a possible explanation for the persistently high unemployment of many economies in the 1990s. Hysteresis has been invoked by
253:
in connection with magnetism and absorption. A more formal mathematical theory of systems with hysteresis was developed in the 1970s by a group of
Russian mathematicians led by
786:
620:
584:
2050:
Rate-independent hysteretic models can be classified into four different categories depending on the type of equation that needs to be solved to compute the output variable:
829:
Often, some amount of hysteresis is intentionally added to an electronic circuit to prevent unwanted rapid switching. This and similar techniques are used to compensate for
3169:
Lek, M.; Dias, J. M.; Marklund, U.; Uhde, C. W.; Kurdija, S.; Lei, Q.; Sussel, L.; Rubenstein, J. L.; Matise, M. P.; Arnold, H. -H.; Jessell, T. M.; Ericson, J. (2010).
2047:
as output variable, or vice versa. In particular, in rate-independent hysteretic models, the output variable does not depend on the rate of variation of the input one.
679:
1410:
magnets, the magnetization responds to a magnetic field by rotating. Single-domain magnets are used wherever a strong, stable magnetization is needed (for example,
644:
2359:
2045:
2025:
2929:
Pomerening, Joseph R.; Sontag, Eduardo D.; Ferrell, James E. (2003). "Building a cell cycle oscillator: hysteresis and bistability in the activation of Cdc2".
1760:(Îvolume/Îpressure) is due to the additional energy required to overcome surface tension forces during inspiration to recruit and inflate additional alveoli.
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environment and a smaller hysteresis due to internal friction within the rubber. This proper, intrinsic hysteresis can be measured only if the rubber band is
1639:
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are desirable, such that as much energy is absorbed as possible during the write operation and the resultant magnetized information is not easily erased.
2243:"VII. On the production of transient electric currents in iron and steel conductors by twisting them when magnetised or by magnetising them when twisted"
2443:
Warnecke, Martin; Jouaneh, Musa (1 September 2003). "Backlash
Compensation in Gear Trains by Means of Open-Loop Modification of the Input Trajectory".
1840:
level, where the supply and demand of workers would match. This causes hysteresis: the unemployment becomes permanently higher after negative shocks.
1469:
There are a great variety of applications of the hysteresis in ferromagnets. Many of these make use of their ability to retain a memory, for example
238:
2684:"Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984)"
2398:. 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reno, Nevada: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. AIAA-2008-0315. Archived from
988:
onto it, the band will continue to stretch because the force the weights are exerting on the band is increasing. When each weight is taken off, or
4283:
1406:. In general, the magnetization varies (in direction but not magnitude) across a magnet, but in sufficiently small magnets, it does not. In these
2390:
966:
Elastic hysteresis of an idealized rubber band. The area in the centre of the hysteresis loop is the energy dissipated due to internal friction.
1062:
decreasing the receding contact angle is thus measured. When volume is added to the maximum before the interfacial area increases, this is the
1083:
858:
Some positive feedback from the output to one input of a comparator can increase the natural hysteresis (a function of its gain) it exhibits.
1058:
The second method is often referred to as the add/remove volume method. When the maximum liquid volume is removed from the drop without the
217:
4303:
2567:
Chandran Suja, V.; Frostad, J. M.; Fuller, G. G. (2016-10-31). "Impact of
Compressibility on the Control of Bubble-Pressure Tensiometers".
1695:
do not return to their basal conditions from a stimulated condition immediately after removal of the stimulus is an example of hysteresis.
4088:
1797:
between ecosystem or community types in which dominant competitors or entire landscapes can change in a largely irreversible fashion.
2725:
Tompsett, G. A.; Krogh, L.; Griffin, D. W.; Conner, W. C. (2005). "Hysteresis and
Scanning Behavior of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves".
1865:" downward due to wage and price rigidities (and so adapt slowly over time rather than being approximately correct as in theories of
810:
Similarly, a pressure switch can be designed to exhibit hysteresis, with pressure set-points substituted for temperature thresholds.
194:, attempt to capture general features of hysteresis; and there are also phenomenological models for particular phenomena such as the
3171:"A homeodomain feedback circuit underlies step-function interpretation of a Shh morphogen gradient during ventral neural patterning"
3692:"Wire rope isolators for seismically base-isolated lightweight structures: Experimental characterization and mathematical modeling"
895:
often implements hysteresis intentionally to prevent the gate from "chattering" when signals close to its threshold are applied.
2763:
1169:. Despite the fact that it can be a source of significant error, the sensor specific effect of hysteresis is generally ignored.
1098:
interfacial stresses. These difficulties can be avoided by designing experimental systems to avoid the bubble shape hysteresis.
3547:
Das, Moupriya; Kantz, Holger (2020-06-29). "Stochastic resonance and hysteresis in climate with state-dependent fluctuations".
422:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}X(t)&=X_{0}\sin \omega t\\Y(t)&=Y_{0}\sin \left(\omega t-\varphi \right).\end{aligned}}}
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it requires heat or a magnetic field in the opposite direction. This is the effect that provides the element of memory in a
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align themselves with it. Even when the field is removed, part of the alignment will be retained: the material has become
970:
In the elastic hysteresis of rubber, the area in the centre of a hysteresis loop is the energy dissipated due to material
2682:
Sing, K. S. W.; Everett, D. H.; Haul, R. A. W.; Moscou, L.; Pierotti, R. A.; J. RoquĂŠrol, J.; Siemieniewska, T. (1985).
1376:
Magnetic hysteresis loops are not exclusive to materials with ferromagnetic ordering. Other magnetic orderings, such as
1340:
follows a different curve. At zero field strength, the magnetization is offset from the origin by an amount called the
2125:
1881:
to avoid increased inflation), which reduces the transition costs out of unemployment and into paid employment easier.
1717:
2367:
4003:
3392:
3769:"Analytical model for the approximation of hysteresis loop and its application to the scanning tunneling microscope"
3329:
Lucero, Jorge C. (1999). "A theoretical study of the hysteresis phenomenon at vocal fold oscillation onsetâoffset".
2972:
Ferrell JE Jr.; Machleder EM (1998). "The biochemical basis of an all-or-none cell fate switch in
Xenopus oocytes".
2346:
An analytical generalized
PrandtlâIshlinskii model inversion for hysteresis compensation in micropositioning control
4221:
3305:
3096:
2527:
2082:
1975:
191:
549:{\displaystyle Y(t)=\chi _{\text{i}}X(t)+\int _{0}^{\infty }\Phi _{\text{d}}(\tau )X(t-\tau )\,\mathrm {d} \tau ,}
1806:
1361:
A closer look at a magnetization curve generally reveals a series of small, random jumps in magnetization called
17:
865:(circuit components which "remember" changes in the current passing through them by changing their resistance).
2833:
2143:
2076:
1686:
1532:). The mechanism, an organization of the polarization into domains, is similar to that of magnetic hysteresis.
1350:
relationship is plotted for all strengths of applied magnetic field the result is a hysteresis loop called the
4292:
1848:
The idea of hysteresis is used extensively in the area of labor economics, specifically with reference to the
1569:
1079:
3409:
2106:
1949:
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242:
187:
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Das, J.; Ho, M.; Zikherman, J.; Govern, C.; Yang, M.; Weiss, A.; Chakraborty, A. K.; Roose, J. P. (2009).
2345:
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when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface is hysteresis. This is attributed to the
41:
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to actuate a ratcheting mechanism that keeps the relay closed even if power to the relay is terminated.
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4333:
4328:
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1192:
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Monod, P.; PrĂŠJean, J. J.; Tissier, B. (1979). "Magnetic hysteresis of CuMn in the spin glass state".
589:
562:
3952:
Bouc, R. (1971). "Modèle mathÊmatique d'hystÊrÊsis: application aux systèmes à un degrÊ de libertÊ".
2399:
2183:
1992:
1158:, the volumetric water content (θ) of a fine sandy soil matrix could be anything between 8% and 25%.
881:
94:
31:
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between an input and an output that disappears if the input is varied more slowly; this is known as
2094:
1968:
1733:
1704:
1513:
1407:
195:
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material, where domains of polarization contribute to the total polarization. Polarization is the
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3122:"Evidence for an expansion-based temporal Shh gradient in specifying vertebrate digit identities"
1918:
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that pattern uniform pools of cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The morphogen
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106:
3915:
3065:
2242:
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1988:
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among others. The BoucâWen model and its variants/extensions have been used in applications of
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engineering. Some examples of mechanical systems and materials having hysteretic behavior are:
1822:
1737:
1725:
1708:
1421:. Across each domain, the magnetization does not vary; but between domains are relatively thin
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657:
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A simple and intuitive parametric description of various hysteresis loops may be found in the
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1623:
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Mathematical Models of Hysteresis and their Applications: Second Edition (Electromagnetism)
3703:
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3421:
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2890:
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2158:
1953:
1452:
629:
250:
118:
3916:"Package Hysteresis (Tools for Modeling Rate-Dependent Hysteretic Processes and Ellipses)"
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Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity (Dover Books on Physics & Chemistry)
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8:
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1980:
1930:
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234:
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R. V. Lapshin (2020). "An improved parametric model for hysteresis loop approximation".
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3707:
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3342:
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Harfe, B. D.; Scherz, P. J.; Nissim, S.; Tian, H.; McMahon, A. P.; Tabin, C. J. (2004).
2985:
2894:
2540:
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An Experimental Investigation on Aerodynamic Hysteresis of a Low-Reynolds Number Airfoil
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2010:
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1869:) and second because labor markets do not clear instantly in response to unemployment.
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1411:
1035:
949:. The amount of backlash will increase with time as the surfaces of moving parts wear.
904:
834:
227:
202:
114:
3017:"Feedforward regulation ensures stability and rapid reversibility of a cellular state"
2432:. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River flow 2016).
2348:, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, Volume:16 Issue:4, pp 734â744, 15 July 2010
1729:
237:. Subsequently, hysteretic models have received significant attention in the works of
186:, and can be mathematically challenging to model. Some hysteretic models, such as the
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3572:
3529:
3511:
3433:
3388:
3362:
3354:
3309:
3275:
3241:
3192:
3143:
3100:
3071:
3046:
2997:
2946:
2829:
2815:
2770:
2744:
2662:
2635:
2627:
2592:
2584:
2499:
2475:
2296:
2266:
2224:
2214:
1984:
1914:
1873:
1849:
1669:
1362:
971:
682:
126:
122:
3900:
3715:
3155:
2958:
2711:
4105:
4036:
3872:
3801:
3711:
3646:
3613:
3601:
3564:
3519:
3501:
3460:
3429:
3346:
3231:
3223:
3182:
3133:
3036:
3028:
2989:
2938:
2898:
2807:
2736:
2697:
2619:
2576:
2544:
2452:
2254:
1894:
1878:
1837:
1626:, cell type diversity is regulated by long range-acting signaling molecules called
1217:. The downward curve after saturation, along with the lower return curve, form the
1143:
1094:
1075:
1059:
996:
perfectly. The hysteresis loop of an idealized rubber band is shown in the figure.
647:
623:
183:
102:
50:
432:
Such behavior can occur in linear systems, and a more general form of response is
117:
and many other natural phenomena. In natural systems, it is often associated with
4287:
4122:
3380:
3032:
2993:
2792:
2580:
2424:
2178:
2168:
1753:
1713:
1427:
1403:
1280:
1268:
1131:
1087:
1039:
841:
823:
161:
86:
78:
4040:
3568:
3212:"Digital Signaling and Hysteresis Characterize Ras Activation in Lymphoid Cells"
233:
Some early work on describing hysteresis in mechanical systems was performed by
175:
hysteresis. However, phenomena such as the magnetic hysteresis loops are mainly
4148:
3972:
3740:
3494:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3227:
3138:
3121:
2916:
2811:
2658:
2388:
2292:
1996:
1853:
1787:
1741:
1631:
1395:
1389:
1260:
1256:
1205:
993:
869:
782:
82:
54:
4270:
2072:
Some notable hysteretic models are listed below with their associated fields.
830:
4312:
3884:
3813:
3576:
3515:
3358:
2631:
2588:
2228:
2163:
1810:
1577:
1541:
1509:
1497:
1470:
1399:
1196:
1135:
1051:
1024:
1009:
877:
223:
98:
4086:
Jiles, D. C.; Atherton, D. L. (1986). "Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis".
3506:
2702:
2683:
2289:
Hysteresis in magnetism: For physicists, materials scientists, and engineers
977:
Elastic hysteresis was one of the first types of hysteresis to be examined.
848:
246:
4265:
3937:
Bouc, R. (1967). "Forced vibration of mechanical systems with hysteresis".
3892:
3584:
3533:
3279:
3245:
3196:
3147:
3050:
2950:
2748:
2639:
2596:
2549:
2522:
2258:
1610:
1563:
1464:
1119:
1093:
The existence of the bubble shape hysteresis has important consequences in
3366:
3001:
2202:
1188:
73:
is the dependence of the state of a system on its history. For example, a
4189:
2088:
1906:
1643:
1606:
1478:
1370:
981:
921:
818:
696:
145:
130:
110:
2389:
Zifeng Yang; Hirofumi Igarashi; Mathew Martin; Hui Hu (Jan 7â10, 2008).
1983:
response of hysteretic systems two- and three-dimensional continua, and
1940:
structural elements, such as steel, reinforced concrete, or wood joints;
226:
word meaning "deficiency" or "lagging behind". It was coined in 1881 by
3690:
Vaiana, Nicolò; Spizzuoco, Mariacristina; Serino, Giorgio (June 2017).
3678:
3660:
3474:
3187:
3170:
2806:. SSSA Book Series. Soil Science Society of America. pp. 643â670.
1673:
1627:
1474:
1377:
1355:
1241:
1112:
1111:
mesopores. These mechanisms are further complicated by effects such as
1107:
942:
892:
803:
157:
3876:
3805:
3634:
3093:
A Glossary of Genetics and Cytogenetics : Classical and Molecular
2740:
2623:
2456:
2128:, the work done on the system is the area under the hysteresis graph.
3490:"On the stability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation"
3350:
2902:
2797:"3.2.4 Miscellaneous methods for measuring matric or water potential"
2188:
2173:
2148:
1910:
1617:
1596:
1341:
1327:
1020:
962:
885:
862:
275:
153:
141:
90:
3651:
3465:
3448:
1275:. Once magnetized, the magnet will stay magnetized indefinitely. To
1082:) can exhibit hysteresis depending on the relative magnitude of the
3859:
3788:
3618:
3605:
2942:
2153:
2001:
1902:
1635:
1602:
852:
700:
4271:
Preisach model of hysteresis â Matlab codes developed by Zs. SzabĂł
868:
Hysteresis can be used when connecting arrays of elements such as
2917:
Vectorial Incremental Nonconservative Consistent Hysteresis model
1964:
1728:
is a challenge to its study (that is, its operation resists easy
1585:
1525:
1517:
156:. It is incorporated in many artificial systems: for example, in
149:
137:
1668:
exhibit hysteresis in that it takes a lower signal threshold to
1828:
1692:
1665:
1581:
1326:. This curve increases rapidly at first and then approaches an
1016:
74:
3014:
1580:
exhibit hysteresis in that it takes a higher concentration of
1298:
is not linear in such materials. If a magnet is demagnetized (
37:
3939:
Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Nonlinear Oscillation
1926:
1858:
1529:
1521:
807:
18 °C and off when the temperature exceeds 22 °C).
215:
4116:
3913:
1861:). This occurs first because inflationary expectations are "
844:
is a simple electronic circuit that exhibits this property.
3447:
Beisner, BE; Haydon, DT; Cuddington, K (1 September 2003).
3268:
Histology and Histopathology Cellular and Molecular Biology
3067:
Recent Advances in Cytology (Genes, Cells, & Organisms)
1934:
1545:
1486:
1264:
1028:
1027:
have made use of elastomer suspension, as did the original
2971:
2724:
2566:
2360:"'Missing link' memristor created: Rewrite the textbooks?"
1790:
outbreaks and behavioral-effects on disease transmission.
941:
Moving parts within machines, such as the components of a
1652:
2211:
Mathematical models of hysteresis and their applications
685:
in linear filter theory and analogue signal processing.
3446:
3408:
Sternberg, Leonel Da Silveira Lobo (21 December 2001).
2928:
3914:
S. Maynes; F. Yang; A. Parkhurst (November 20, 2013).
2791:
2007:
Hysteretic models may have a generalized displacement
1827:
Economic systems can exhibit hysteresis. For example,
1540:
Hysteresis manifests itself in state transitions when
1334:. If the magnetic field is now reduced monotonically,
884:. Shortcuts are made between adjacent components (see
62:
is first decreased, then increased. The curves form a
4140:
Mayergoyz, Isaak D.; Bertotti, Giorgio, eds. (2005).
3689:
3119:
2681:
2033:
2013:
1316:
is plotted for increasing levels of field strength,
660:
632:
592:
565:
441:
305:
3633:
Blanchard, Olivier J.; Summers, Lawrence H. (1986).
3209:
3090:
2764:"Subject: Accuracy of capacitance soil moisture ..."
1991:, in particular in the modeling of the behaviour of
1756:
on inspiration versus expiration. The difference in
1544:
and freezing temperature do not agree. For example,
1398:
materials is the result of two effects: rotation of
3973:"Method for random vibration of hysteretic systems"
3488:Hofmann, Matthias; Rahmstorf, Stefan (2009-12-08).
3168:
2880:
2500:"On hysteresis in the relation of strain to stress"
3635:"Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem"
3606:"Hysteresis in Unemployment: Old and New Evidence"
2344:Mohammad Al Janaideh, Subhash Rakheja, Chun-Yi Su
2039:
2019:
1952:, which represents a hysteresis nonlinearity as a
1843:
1447:The most known empirical models in hysteresis are
1213:. Starting at the origin, the upward curve is the
1118:In physical adsorption, hysteresis is evidence of
673:
638:
614:
578:
548:
421:
27:Dependence of the state of a system on its history
4139:
4117:Krasnosel'skii, Mark; Pokrovskii, Alexei (1989).
4018:
3293:
2862:
2804:Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods
2609:
2520:
2469:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
1535:
903:A hysteresis is sometimes intentionally added to
230:to describe the behaviour of magnetic materials.
4310:
4168:Rate-Independent Systems: Theory and Application
3994:Dimian, Mihai; Andrei, Petru (4 November 2013).
3727:
3725:
3632:
3487:
3331:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
3070:(Second ed.). P. Blakiston's Son & Co.
2850:
861:Hysteresis is essential to the workings of some
688:This kind of hysteresis is often referred to as
201:It is difficult to define hysteresis precisely.
190:(originally applied to ferromagnetism) and the
3667:
2442:
1943:devices, such as seismic isolators and dampers.
1800:
1496:(low coercivity) iron is used for the cores in
1417:Larger magnets are divided into regions called
1354:. The width of the middle section is twice the
4299:Magnetization reversal app (coherent rotation)
4165:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3762:
3760:
3258:
2326:
2273:
1771:
1752:Lung hysteresis is evident when observing the
1125:
4184:
4085:
3844:
3766:
3722:
2316:
1442:
3996:Noise-driven phenomena in hysteretic systems
3993:
3387:. Perseus Books Publishing. pp. 73â79.
2463:
1557:
650:, input and output are related by a complex
97:magnitude in the past. Hysteresis occurs in
4089:Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
3833:
3757:
3008:
2915:Vincent Francois-Lavet et al (2011-11-14).
2795:; Andraski, Brian J.; Bilskie, Jim (2002).
1780:
1045:
164:, it prevents unwanted frequent switching.
4194:The Non-Linear Field Theories of Mechanics
3410:"Savannaâforest hysteresis in the tropics"
3063:
2653:Gregg, S. J.; Sing, Kenneth S. W. (1982).
2247:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
2027:as input variable and a generalized force
1508:Electrical hysteresis typically occurs in
1106:Hysteresis can also occur during physical
1078:expanding and contracting on capillaries (
1069:
274:between input and output. An example is a
4066:
3858:
3787:
3731:
3650:
3617:
3523:
3505:
3464:
3407:
3235:
3186:
3137:
3091:Rieger, R.; Michaelis, A.; M. M. (1968).
3040:
3015:Doncic, Andreas; Skotheim, Jan M (2013).
2868:
2856:
2701:
2652:
2548:
2208:
1747:
1568:Hysteresis in cell biology often follows
695:When rate-dependent hysteresis is due to
534:
179:, which makes a durable memory possible.
4215:
4208:Originally published as Volume III/3 of
4021:Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
3907:
3546:
3453:Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
3379:
2332:
2320:
2286:
1503:
1380:ordering, also exhibit this phenomenon.
1286:The relationship between field strength
1187:
1101:
980:The effect can be demonstrated using a
961:
898:
817:
209:
36:
3596:
3594:
3261:"Lung histeresis: a morphological view"
2521:Hopkinson, B.; Williams, G. T. (1912).
2423:Holmes, Robert R. Jr. (February 2018).
1793:It is commonly examined in relation to
681:; it is mathematically equivalent to a
14:
4311:
3945:
3941:. Prague, Czechoslovakia. p. 315.
3930:
3449:"Alternative stable states in ecology"
3328:
3302:Respiratory physiology: the essentials
2761:
2655:Adsorption, Surface Area, and Porosity
2422:
1177:
813:
214:The term "hysteresis" is derived from
4238:
3964:
2562:
2560:
2494:
2488:
1897:behavior (hysteresis) characterizing
1672:that have been previously activated.
1042:of the material of the rolling body.
957:
891:In the field of audio electronics, a
4266:Overview of contact angle Hysteresis
3951:
3936:
3600:
3591:
3299:
3259:Escolar, J. D.; Escolar, A. (2004).
2213:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. xiv.
1588:than to stay in mitosis once begun.
703:, it is associated with power loss.
284:that results in a sinusoidal output
4304:Elastic hysteresis and rubber bands
3970:
2357:
2309:
2287:Bertotti, Giorgio (1998). "Ch. 2".
1601:Darlington in his classic works on
774:depend on the path of values that
706:
24:
4059:
4012:
2557:
1718:neural correlates of consciousness
1698:
1584:to switch them from G2 phase into
1383:
797:
662:
594:
586:is the instantaneous response and
536:
498:
492:
25:
4350:
4293:Dynamical systems with hysteresis
4259:
4218:Differential Models of Hysteresis
4166:Mielke, A.; RoubĂÄek, T. (2015).
3306:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2523:"The Elastic Hysteresis of Steel"
2126:extensive and intensive variables
2067:
1724:, although the complexity of the
1721:
1642:to induce expression of a set of
1402:and changes in size or number of
792:
759:initially but a different value
265:
119:irreversible thermodynamic change
3977:Journal of Engineering Mechanics
3847:Review of Scientific Instruments
3776:Review of Scientific Instruments
3434:10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00243.x
2528:Proceedings of the Royal Society
2474:. New York: Dover Publications.
1492:On the other hand, magnetically
1394:The phenomenon of hysteresis in
1130:The relationship between matric
1015:Small vehicle suspensions using
646:time units in the past. In the
615:{\displaystyle \Phi _{d}(\tau )}
579:{\displaystyle \chi _{\text{i}}}
77:may have more than one possible
4241:Hysteresis Phenomena in Biology
3987:
3716:10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.057
3683:
3626:
3540:
3481:
3440:
3414:Global Ecology and Biogeography
3401:
3373:
3322:
3252:
3203:
3162:
3113:
3084:
3057:
2965:
2922:
2909:
2874:
2785:
2762:Parkes, Martin (8 April 1999).
2755:
2718:
2675:
2646:
2603:
2514:
2436:
1844:Permanently higher unemployment
1816:
1680:
1485:magnets (high coercivity) like
1458:
1304:) and the relationship between
1172:
952:
915:
4192:(2004). Antman, Stuart (ed.).
2769:(Mailing list). Archived from
2416:
2382:
2351:
2338:
2235:
1893:capable of simulating complex
1687:Refractory period (physiology)
1549:on which state it was before.
1536:Liquidâsolid-phase transitions
1004:degree of elastic hysteresis.
609:
603:
531:
519:
513:
507:
476:
470:
451:
445:
364:
358:
319:
313:
13:
1:
2195:
1659:
1552:
1301:H = M = 0
927:
105:materials, as well as in the
93:that retains a record of the
4196:(Third ed.). Springer.
4110:10.1016/0304-8853(86)90066-1
3610:NBER Working Paper No. 14818
3385:Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos
3033:10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.014
2994:10.1126/science.280.5365.895
2581:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03258
2445:Journal of Mechanical Design
2124:When hysteresis occurs with
1976:BoucâWen model of hysteresis
1950:Preisach model of hysteresis
1905:used in different fields of
1801:In ocean and climate science
1664:There is some evidence that
1634:(Shh), for example, acts on
1605:discussed hysteresis of the
1040:viscoelastic characteristics
768:upon return. The values of
626:to an impulse that occurred
270:One type of hysteresis is a
243:Preisach model of hysteresis
182:Systems with hysteresis are
167:Hysteresis can be a dynamic
7:
4041:10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.106984
3569:10.1103/PhysRevE.101.062145
2657:(Second ed.). London:
2504:British Association Reports
2144:Bean's critical state model
2131:
2077:Bean's critical state model
1772:Voice and speech physiology
1740:show hysteretic aspects of
1691:The property by which some
1324:initial magnetization curve
1215:initial magnetization curve
1126:Matric potential hysteresis
936:
822:Sharp hysteresis loop of a
744:and back again, the output
713:rate-independent hysteresis
136:Hysteresis can be found in
42:Electric displacement field
10:
4355:
4216:Visintin, Augusto (1994).
4142:The Science of Hysteresis
4067:Chikazumi, SĹshin (1997).
3782:(9). USA: AIP: 4718â4730.
3639:NBER Macroeconomics Annual
3228:10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.051
3139:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.024
3064:Darlington, C. D. (1937).
2812:10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c23
2689:Pure and Applied Chemistry
2470:Love, Augustus E. (1927).
2315:The term is attributed to
1993:magnetorheological dampers
1820:
1702:
1684:
1615:
1594:
1561:
1462:
1443:Magnetic hysteresis models
1387:
1181:
1084:maximum capillary pressure
1074:The equilibrium shapes of
654:that can be computed from
652:generalized susceptibility
216:
29:
4069:Physics of Ferromagnetism
2317:Truesdell & Noll 1965
2209:Mayergoyz, I. D. (2003).
2184:Path dependence (physics)
2119:
1884:
1558:Cell biology and genetics
1481:. In these applications,
1465:Magnet § Common uses
882:passive matrix addressing
837:in an electrical signal.
690:rate-dependent hysteresis
674:{\displaystyle \Phi _{d}}
133:is a common side effect.
4239:Noori, Hamid R. (2014).
2253:(216â219): 21â23. 1882.
2085:(structural engineering)
1781:Ecology and epidemiology
1734:Context-dependent memory
1705:Context-dependent memory
1514:electrical dipole moment
1367:crystallographic defects
1365:. This effect is due to
1046:Contact angle hysteresis
787:PrandtlâIshlinskii model
260:
30:Not to be confused with
4119:Systems with Hysteresis
3853:(6). USA: AIP: 065106.
3507:10.1073/pnas.0909146106
2703:10.1351/pac198557040603
2426:River rating complexity
2364:EE Times April 30, 2008
1813:rely on the principle.
1765:transpulmonary pressure
1070:Bubble shape hysteresis
1064:advancing contact angle
290:, but with a phase lag
4295:(interactive web page)
4170:. New York: Springer.
3767:R. V. Lapshin (1995).
3696:Engineering Structures
3300:West, John B. (2005).
2550:10.1098/rspa.1912.0104
2259:10.1098/rspl.1881.0067
2139:Backlash (engineering)
2113:StonerâWohlfarth model
2041:
2021:
1969:R programming language
1889:Hysteretic models are
1823:Hysteresis (economics)
1748:Respiratory physiology
1738:state-dependent memory
1726:central nervous system
1709:State-dependent memory
1261:ferromagnetic material
1252:
967:
826:
675:
640:
616:
580:
550:
423:
228:Sir James Alfred Ewing
95:Earth's magnetic field
67:
2057:transcendental models
2042:
2022:
1867:rational expectations
1648:transcription factors
1624:developmental biology
1504:Electrical hysteresis
1453:Jiles-Atherton models
1191:
1167:soil moisture sensors
1140:water retention curve
1102:Adsorption hysteresis
1034:The primary cause of
965:
909:user interface design
899:User interface design
821:
676:
641:
639:{\displaystyle \tau }
617:
581:
551:
424:
210:Etymology and history
40:
3381:Strogatz, Stephen H.
2773:on 28 September 2011
2370:on 30 September 2012
2159:Fuzzy control system
2103:(cell-cycle control)
2095:JilesâAtherton model
2031:
2011:
1954:linear superposition
1795:critical transitions
1754:compliance of a lung
1248:saturation remanence
1138:is the basis of the
1095:interfacial rheology
785:and the generalized
658:
630:
590:
563:
439:
303:
251:Douglas Hugh Everett
198:for ferromagnetism.
196:JilesâAtherton model
4210:Handbuch der Physik
4102:1986JMMM...61...48J
4071:. Clarendon Press.
4033:2021MSSP..14606984V
3971:Wen, Y. K. (1976).
3869:2020RScI...91f5106L
3828:Russian translation
3798:1995RScI...66.4718L
3733:Mayergoyz, Isaak D.
3708:2017EngSt.140..498V
3561:2020PhRvE.101f2145D
3500:(49): 20584â20589.
3426:2001GloEB..10..369D
3343:1999ASAJ..105..423L
2986:1998Sci...280..895F
2931:Nature Cell Biology
2895:1979JAP....50.7324M
2793:Scanlon, Bridget R.
2618:(16): 13310â13319.
2575:(46): 12031â12038.
2541:1912RSPSA..87..502H
2358:Johnson, R. Colin.
2060:differential models
1931:reinforced concrete
1925:materials, such as
1891:mathematical models
1716:, in exploring the
1542:melting temperature
1332:magnetic saturation
1184:Magnetic hysteresis
1178:Magnetic hysteresis
1115:and pore blocking.
905:computer algorithms
874:electrochrome cells
814:Electronic circuits
496:
255:Mark Krasnosel'skii
235:James Clerk Maxwell
115:shape-memory alloys
4286:2009-09-04 at the
4281:What's hysteresis?
3304:. Hagerstown, MD:
3188:10.1242/dev.054288
3095:(Third ed.).
2037:
2017:
1989:structural control
1899:mechanical systems
1720:, interfaces with
1640:neural progenitors
1412:magnetic recording
1292:and magnetization
1253:
1036:rolling resistance
968:
958:Elastic hysteresis
827:
671:
636:
612:
576:
546:
482:
419:
417:
203:Isaak D. Mayergoyz
68:
4339:Dynamical systems
4334:Nonlinear systems
4329:Materials science
4324:Magnetic ordering
4250:978-3-642-38217-8
4231:978-3-540-54793-8
4203:978-3-540-02779-9
4177:978-1-4939-2705-0
4158:978-0-12-480874-4
4132:978-0-387-15543-2
4078:978-0-19-851776-4
3877:10.1063/5.0012931
3806:10.1063/1.1145314
3750:978-0-12-480873-7
3602:Ball, Laurence M.
3549:Physical Review E
3315:978-0-7817-5152-0
3181:(23): 4051â4060.
3106:978-3-540-04316-4
3077:978-0-8240-1376-9
2821:978-0-89118-893-3
2741:10.1021/la050068y
2668:978-0-12-300956-2
2624:10.1021/la101870m
2481:978-0-486-60174-8
2457:10.1115/1.1596241
2302:978-0-12-093270-2
2220:978-0-12-480873-7
2101:NovakâTyson model
2040:{\displaystyle f}
2020:{\displaystyle u}
1985:soil liquefaction
1874:Olivier Blanchard
1850:unemployment rate
1576:Cells undergoing
1358:of the material.
1255:When an external
1221:. The intercepts
1193:Theoretical model
972:internal friction
683:transfer function
573:
504:
464:
127:internal friction
123:phase transitions
16:(Redirected from
4346:
4254:
4235:
4207:
4181:
4162:
4136:
4113:
4082:
4053:
4052:
4016:
4010:
4009:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3862:
3842:
3831:
3825:
3791:
3773:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3687:
3681:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3654:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3598:
3589:
3588:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3509:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3468:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3351:10.1121/1.424572
3326:
3320:
3319:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3265:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3239:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3141:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2903:10.1063/1.326943
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2832:. Archived from
2801:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2735:(8): 8214â8225.
2722:
2716:
2715:
2705:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2366:. Archived from
2355:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2284:
2271:
2270:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2206:
2054:algebraic models
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
1879:incomes policies
1838:equilibrium wage
1670:activate T cells
1570:bistable systems
1404:magnetic domains
1363:Barkhausen jumps
1349:
1339:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1259:is applied to a
1238:
1229:
1212:
1203:
1157:
1144:Matric potential
1060:interfacial area
833:in switches, or
779:
773:
767:
758:
749:
743:
734:
725:
707:Rate-independent
680:
678:
677:
672:
670:
669:
648:frequency domain
645:
643:
642:
637:
624:impulse response
621:
619:
618:
613:
602:
601:
585:
583:
582:
577:
575:
574:
571:
555:
553:
552:
547:
539:
506:
505:
502:
495:
490:
466:
465:
462:
428:
426:
425:
420:
418:
411:
407:
383:
382:
338:
337:
295:
289:
283:
221:
220:
177:rate-independent
162:Schmitt triggers
61:
53:material as the
48:
21:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4309:
4308:
4288:Wayback Machine
4262:
4257:
4251:
4232:
4204:
4178:
4159:
4133:
4123:Springer-Verlag
4079:
4062:
4060:Further reading
4057:
4056:
4017:
4013:
4006:
3992:
3988:
3969:
3965:
3950:
3946:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3912:
3908:
3843:
3834:
3771:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3730:
3723:
3688:
3684:
3672:
3668:
3652:10.2307/3585159
3631:
3627:
3599:
3592:
3545:
3541:
3486:
3482:
3466:10.2307/3868190
3445:
3441:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3378:
3374:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3208:
3204:
3167:
3163:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3062:
3058:
3013:
3009:
2980:(5365): 895â8.
2970:
2966:
2927:
2923:
2914:
2910:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2822:
2799:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2760:
2756:
2723:
2719:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2651:
2647:
2608:
2604:
2565:
2558:
2519:
2515:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2468:
2464:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2356:
2352:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2285:
2274:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2221:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2179:Path dependence
2169:Markov property
2134:
2122:
2070:
2063:integral models
2032:
2029:
2028:
2012:
2009:
2008:
1887:
1846:
1825:
1819:
1803:
1783:
1774:
1750:
1714:Neuropsychology
1711:
1703:Main articles:
1701:
1699:Neuropsychology
1689:
1683:
1662:
1620:
1599:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1538:
1506:
1467:
1461:
1445:
1428:magnetic moment
1392:
1386:
1384:Physical origin
1348:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1281:hard disk drive
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1186:
1180:
1175:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:measurements (Ψ
1132:water potential
1128:
1104:
1088:compressibility
1072:
1048:
960:
955:
939:
930:
918:
907:. The field of
901:
870:nanoelectronics
842:Schmitt trigger
824:Schmitt trigger
816:
800:
798:Control systems
795:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
709:
665:
661:
659:
656:
655:
631:
628:
627:
597:
593:
591:
588:
587:
570:
566:
564:
561:
560:
535:
501:
497:
491:
486:
461:
457:
440:
437:
436:
416:
415:
394:
390:
378:
374:
367:
352:
351:
333:
329:
322:
306:
304:
301:
300:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
268:
263:
239:Ferenc Preisach
212:
87:hard disk drive
79:magnetic moment
64:hysteresis loop
60:
57:
47:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Hysteresis loss
15:
12:
11:
5:
4352:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4261:
4260:External links
4258:
4256:
4255:
4249:
4236:
4230:
4213:
4202:
4182:
4176:
4163:
4157:
4149:Academic Press
4144:(3-volume set)
4137:
4131:
4114:
4096:(1â2): 48â60.
4083:
4077:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4011:
4004:
3986:
3963:
3944:
3929:
3906:
3832:
3830:is available).
3756:
3749:
3741:Academic Press
3721:
3682:
3666:
3625:
3619:10.3386/w14818
3604:(March 2009).
3590:
3539:
3480:
3459:(7): 376â382.
3439:
3420:(4): 369â378.
3400:
3393:
3372:
3337:(1): 423â431.
3321:
3314:
3292:
3274:(1): 159â166.
3251:
3222:(2): 337â351.
3202:
3161:
3112:
3105:
3083:
3076:
3056:
3021:Molecular Cell
3007:
2964:
2943:10.1038/ncb954
2937:(4): 346â251.
2921:
2908:
2873:
2869:Chikazumi 1997
2861:
2857:Chikazumi 1997
2849:
2820:
2784:
2754:
2717:
2696:(4): 603â619.
2674:
2667:
2659:Academic Press
2645:
2602:
2556:
2513:
2487:
2480:
2462:
2451:(3): 620â624.
2435:
2415:
2381:
2350:
2337:
2325:
2308:
2301:
2293:Academic Press
2272:
2234:
2219:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2107:Preisach model
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2083:BoucâWen model
2080:
2069:
2068:List of models
2066:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2036:
2016:
1997:base isolation
1945:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1886:
1883:
1854:ratchet effect
1845:
1842:
1821:Main article:
1818:
1815:
1811:climate models
1802:
1799:
1788:spruce budworm
1782:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1749:
1746:
1742:neurocognition
1700:
1697:
1682:
1679:
1661:
1658:
1632:sonic hedgehog
1616:Main article:
1595:Main article:
1562:Main article:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1537:
1534:
1505:
1502:
1498:electromagnets
1463:Main article:
1460:
1457:
1444:
1441:
1390:Ferromagnetism
1388:Main article:
1385:
1382:
1346:
1336:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1257:magnetic field
1235:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1209:
1206:magnetic field
1200:
1182:Main article:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1151:
1147:
1127:
1124:
1103:
1100:
1071:
1068:
1047:
1044:
1025:Mountain bikes
959:
956:
954:
951:
938:
935:
929:
926:
917:
914:
900:
897:
880:devices using
849:latching relay
831:contact bounce
815:
812:
799:
796:
794:
793:In engineering
791:
783:Preisach model
776:
770:
764:
761:
755:
752:
746:
740:
737:
731:
728:
722:
708:
705:
668:
664:
635:
611:
608:
605:
600:
596:
569:
557:
556:
545:
542:
538:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
500:
494:
489:
485:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
460:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
430:
429:
414:
410:
406:
403:
400:
397:
393:
389:
386:
381:
377:
373:
370:
368:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
336:
332:
328:
325:
323:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
292:
286:
280:
267:
266:Rate-dependent
264:
262:
259:
211:
208:
192:BoucâWen model
188:Preisach model
173:rate-dependent
83:magnetic field
58:
55:electric field
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4351:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4252:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4186:Truesdell, C.
4183:
4179:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4007:
4005:9781461413745
4001:
3997:
3990:
3983:(2): 249â263.
3982:
3978:
3974:
3967:
3959:
3956:(in French).
3955:
3948:
3940:
3933:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3829:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3761:
3752:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3555:(6): 062145.
3554:
3550:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3396:
3394:0-7382-0453-6
3390:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3132:(4): 517â28.
3131:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3027:(6): 856â68.
3026:
3022:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2889:(B11): 7324.
2888:
2884:
2883:J. Appl. Phys
2877:
2870:
2865:
2858:
2853:
2839:on 2006-03-13
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2678:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2428:
2427:
2419:
2405:on 2017-08-10
2401:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2334:
2333:Visintin 1994
2329:
2322:
2321:Visintin 1994
2318:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2201:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:Hysteresivity
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2127:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2034:
2014:
2005:
2003:
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4243:. Springer.
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1663:
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1600:
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1564:Cell biology
1539:
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1493:
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1482:
1479:credit cards
1468:
1459:Applications
1446:
1437:denucleation
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1423:domain walls
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1371:dislocations
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1322:follows the
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1173:In materials
1162:Tensiometers
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1129:
1120:mesoporosity
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111:rubber bands
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3702:: 498â514.
3175:Development
2859:, Chapter 1
2115:(magnetism)
2109:(magnetism)
2097:(magnetism)
2091:(magnetism)
2089:Ising model
2079:(magnetism)
1907:engineering
1644:homeodomain
1607:chromosomes
1277:demagnetize
994:Hooke's law
982:rubber band
697:dissipative
158:thermostats
146:engineering
131:dissipation
107:deformation
81:in a given
4319:Hysteresis
4313:Categories
4276:Hysteresis
4027:: 106984.
3860:1701.08070
3789:2006.02784
2843:2006-05-26
2409:2012-04-25
2323:, page 13.
2196:References
1919:mechanical
1909:, such as
1836:be at the
1758:compliance
1685:See also:
1674:Ras GTPase
1660:Immunology
1628:morphogens
1553:In biology
1475:hard disks
1433:nucleation
1378:spin glass
1356:coercivity
1273:magnetized
1242:coercivity
1113:cavitation
1108:adsorption
1021:elastomers
1019:(or other
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943:gear train
928:Hydraulics
893:noise gate
863:memristors
804:thermostat
717:persistent
276:sinusoidal
247:Louis NĂŠel
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2149:Black box
1981:torsional
1911:aerospace
1903:materials
1895:nonlinear
1730:reduction
1618:Morphogen
1597:Chromatin
1352:main loop
1344:. If the
1342:remanence
1328:asymptote
1219:main loop
1010:thermally
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154:economics
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937:Backlash
853:solenoid
750:may be
701:friction
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2537:Bibcode
1967:and in
1965:Mathcad
1693:neurons
1666:T cells
1586:mitosis
1582:cyclins
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