20:
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Lewis, Abigail S. L.; Lau, Maximilian P.; Jane, Stephen F.; Rose, Kevin C.; Be'eri-Shlevin, Yaron; Burnet, Sarah H.; Clayer, François; Feuchtmayr, Heidrun; Grossart, Hans-Peter; Howard, Dexter W.; Mariash, Heather; DelgadoMartin, Jordi; North, Rebecca L.; Oleksy, Isabella; Pilla, Rachel M.; Smagula,
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conditions in temperate lakes have the potential to create a positive feedback, whereby anoxia during a given year begets increasingly severe and frequent occurrences of anoxia in future years. Anoxia can lead to release of nutrients from sediment, which contribute to increased
601:
Sadchikov, A. P.; Ostroumov, S. A. (October 2019). "Epilimnion, Metalimnion, and
Hypolimnion of a Mesotrophic Aquatic Ecosystem: Functional Role of the Vertical Structure of the Reservoir Ecosystem in Terms of Hydrochemical and Biological Parameters".
500:
Sadchikov, A. P.; Ostroumov, S. A. (October 2019). "Epilimnion, Metalimnion, and
Hypolimnion of a Mesotrophic Aquatic Ecosystem: Functional Role of the Vertical Structure of the Reservoir Ecosystem in Terms of Hydrochemical and Biological Parameters".
41:
The scales are used to associate each section of the stratification to their corresponding depths and temperatures. The arrow is used to show the movement of wind over the surface of the water which initiates the turnover in the epilimnion and the
366:). While oxygen can typically exchange between surface waters and the atmosphere (i.e., in the absence of ice cover), bottom waters are comparatively isolated from atmospheric replenishment of oxygen. In particular, during periods of
818:
Amy P.; Sommaruga, Ruben; Steiner, Sara E.; Verburg, Piet; Wain, Danielle; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.; Carey, Cayelan C. (January 2024). "Anoxia begets anoxia: A positive feedback to the deoxygenation of temperate lakes".
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lakes, the bottom-most waters of the hypolimnion are typically close to 4 °C throughout the year. The hypolimnion may be much warmer in lakes at warmer latitudes. Being at depth, it is isolated from surface
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growth. Increased phytoplankton growth subsequently increases decomposition, perpetuating hypolimnetic oxygen declines. This positive feedback effect has been termed the Anoxia Begets Anoxia feedback.
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Sánchez-España, Javier; Mata, M. Pilar; Vegas, Juana; Morellón, Mario; Rodríguez, Juan
Antonio; Salazar, Ángel; Yusta, Iñaki; Chaos, Aida; Pérez-Martínez, Carmen; Navas, Ana (2017-12-01).
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throughout a majority of the stratified period. However, hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations are replenished in the fall and early winter in many temperate lakes, as
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of organic matter in the water column and sediments can cause oxygen concentrations to decline to the point of hypoxia (low oxygen) or anoxia (no oxygen). In
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may be used to add oxygen to the hypolimnion. Adding oxygen to the system through aeration can be costly because it requires significant amounts of energy.
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Typically the hypolimnion is the coldest layer of a lake in summer, and the warmest layer during winter. In deep,
647:"Influence of episodic wind events on thermal stratification and bottom water hypoxia in a Great Lakes estuary"
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The deepest portions of the hypolimnion often have lower oxygen concentrations than the surface waters (i.e.,
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769:"Anthropogenic and climatic factors enhancing hypolimnetic anoxia in a temperate mountain lake"
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Su, Xiaoxuan; He, Qiang; Mao, Yufeng; Chen, Yi; Hu, Zhi (2019-01-01).
453:. Whiles, Matt R. (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Academic Press.
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allows mixing of oxic surface waters and anoxic bottom waters.
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Weinke, Anthony D.; Biddanda, Bopaiah A. (2019-12-01).
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Weinke, Anthony D.; Biddanda, Bopaiah A. (2019-12-01).
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In eutrophic lakes where the hypolimnion is anoxic,
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364:epilimnion
354:to occur.
297:under lake
161:Lake types
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343:temperate
318:romanized
870:Archived
850:38273535
754:54168543
746:30499088
414:See also
376:dimictic
240:See also
32:II. The
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324:limníon
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313:λιμνίον
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