Hutterites - Knowledge

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colony. The "German" education of colony children is the responsibility of the "Assistant Minister" at some colonies, but most colonies elect a "German Teacher", who in most cases also takes care of the colony garden. His job entails training in German language studies, Bible teaching, and scripture memorization. The German Teacher co-operates with the outside teacher with regard to scheduling and planning. Some Hutterite colonies are allowed to send their children to public school as the parents see fit, but in some cases it is customary to remove them from school entirely in 8th grade or at the age of 15; however, many colonies offer them a full grade 12 diploma and in some cases a university degree. Public school in these instances is seen as a luxury and children are sometimes made to miss days of school in favor of duties at the colony. In a few rare cases, allowing a child to continue attending school past this limit can result in punishment of the parents, including shunning and removal from the church.

1657:, which speak of the believers' "having all things in common." Thus the colony owns and operates its buildings and equipment like a corporation, with all profits reinvested in the community. Housing units are built and assigned to individual families but belong to the colony, and there is very little personal property. There are no paychecks on Hutterite colonies, as members are expected to work for the good of the community. Allowances are given, with the monetary amount varying heavily between colonies. Lunch and dinner meals are taken by the entire colony in a dining or fellowship room. Men and women sit in a segregated fashion. Special occasions sometimes allow entire families to enjoy meals together, but individual housing units do have kitchens which are used for breakfast meals. 1989:, Daniel Hofer Sr. of Lakeside Colony challenged the right of the Hutterian Brethren Church to expel him and other members. The igniting issue focused on who owned the rights to a patented hog feeder. The Board of Managers of the Colony had ruled that Hofer did not own the patent of the hog feeder in question and should stop producing the item. Hofer refused to submit to what he considered was an injustice and also refused to obey the colony's order of expulsion. In response Jacob Kleinsasser of Crystal Spring Colony, elder of the Schmiedleut group of Hutterites, tried to use the state to enforce the expulsion order. Daniel Hofer Sr. initially lost the case. Hofer also lost his first appeal but finally won on an appeal to the 1741:

computers and radios; and some (mostly liberal Schmiedeleut colonies) have Internet access. Farming equipment technology generally matches or exceeds that of non-Hutterite farmers. Lehrerleut colonies have recently struggled with the proliferation of computers and have clamped down, so that computers are no longer allowed in households and their use is limited to only business and farming operations, including animal, feed and crop management. As the world evolves more, however, and technology is used more and more for work and communication, many Hutterite young people use computers, photos, and the internet for keeping in contact with their friends and relatives and meeting new people outside the colony.

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rather than a documentary. Some of the Hutterite cast later said that some of the scenes were scripted and that they were not aware of how the final version would portray the Hutterites. Jeff Collins stated that he believes King Colony members were coerced to write retractions, under threat of excommunication from Hutterite leaders. Colony leaders from King Ranch Colony wrote a letter to the National Geographic Society asking for an apology and that the show be discontinued, citing a false portrayal of Hutterites and a "breach of contract and defamation of our life and our character" as the reason. In 2013,

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colonies are again venturing into the manufacturing sector, a change that is reminiscent of an early period of Hutterite life in Europe. Before the Hutterites emigrated to North America, they relied on manufacturing to sustain their communities. It was only in Russia that the Hutterites learned to farm from the Mennonites. Because of the increasing automation of farming (large equipment, GPS-controlled seeding, spraying, etc.), farming operations have become much more efficient. Many colonies that have gone into manufacturing believe they need to provide their members with a higher level of education.

1699: 697: 1230: 29: 1611:(from German "tailor") and thus she is in charge of clothes' making and purchasing the colony's fabric requirements for the making of all clothing. The term "boss" is used widely in colony language. Aside from the Secretary, who functions as the business boss, there are a number of other significant "boss" positions in most colonies. The most significant in the average colony is the "Farm Boss". This person is responsible for all aspects of overseeing grain farming operations. This includes crop management, 1526:, depending on their locale, for their income. Colonies in the modern era have been shifting to manufacturing as it gets more difficult to make a living on farming alone. The colony is virtually self-sufficient as far as labor, constructing its own buildings, doing its own maintenance and repair on equipment, making its own clothes, etc., is concerned. This has changed in recent years and colonies have started to depend a little more on outside sources for food, clothing and other goods. 1604:

position as president in matters related to the incorporation of the legal business entity associated with each colony. The Secretary is widely referred to as the colony "Manager", "Boss" or "Business Boss" and is responsible for the business operations of the colony, such as bookkeeping, cheque-writing and budget organization. The Assistant Minister helps with church leadership (preaching) responsibilities, but will often also be the "German Teacher" for the school-aged children.

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must split the business operations as evenly as possible. This means deciding which colony may take on, for example, either hog farming or dairy. Colony members are given a chance to voice concerns about which group a family is assigned to, but at some point, a final decision is made. This process can be very difficult and stressful for a colony, as many political and family dynamics become topics of discussion, and not everyone will be happy about the process or its results.

1947:: "Christ shows that Christians may not go to court when he says, 'If anyone will sue you and take away your coat, let him have your cloak also.' In effect Jesus is saying, 'It is better to let people take everything than to quarrel with them and find yourself in a strange court.' Christ wants us to show that we seek what is heavenly and belongs to us, and not what is temporal or alien to us. Thus, it is evident that a Christian can neither go to court nor be a judge." 1302: 1666: 1512: 2029: 5502: 2774: 1547: 563: 1865: 1065:, met the Hutterian Brethren at Alvinc. These Carinthian Protestants read the "account of the belief of the Hutterian Brethren" written by Peter Riedemann, which was given to them by the Brothers, and then decided to join the Hutterites. This latter group revived the Hutterite religion, became dominant among the Hutterites and replaced the Tyrolean dialect of the old Hutterites by their Carinthian one, both being 46: 820:

later became Anabaptists. While a connection between a violent social revolution and non-resistant Anabaptism may be hard to imagine, the common link was the desire for a radical change in the prevailing social injustices. Disappointed with the failure of armed revolt, Anabaptist ideals of an alternative peaceful, just society probably resonated on the ears of the disappointed peasants.

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to other traditional Anabaptist groups like the Amish or the Old Order Mennonites. While Hutterite women traditionally married around the ages of 20 or 21, marriages in the 21st century very often are delayed until the late 20s. Whereas Hutterite women traditionally had children until their mid 40s, today most Hutterite women have their last child around the age of 35.

2087:. Arnold forged links with the North American Hutterites in the 1930s, continuing until 1990 when the Bruderhof were excommunicated because of a number of religious and social differences. They are now an international group with communities in several countries including England and are theologically quite similar to Hutterites, while being more open to outsiders. 1927:. Eventually, this led to the replacement of the Hutterites' Tyrolean dialect by the Carinthian dialect. The Amish and Hutterite German dialects are not generally mutually intelligible because the dialects originate from regions that are several hundred kilometres (miles) apart. In their religious exercises, Hutterites use a classic Lutheran German. 1720:

stone or granite forming, to name a few. One unique project came together in South Dakota. A group of 44 colonies joined to create a turkey processing center where their poultry can be processed. The plant hired non-Hutterite staff to process the poultry for market. This plant helped to secure demand for the colonies' poultry.

170: 931:, i.e. forbidding its members from taking part in military activities, taking orders from military persons, wearing a formal uniform (such as a soldier's or a police officer's) or paying taxes to be spent on war. This has led to expulsion from or persecution in the several lands in which they have lived. 2718:

as executive producer, the colony was paid $ 100,000 for permission to produce a documentary of Hutterite life. Immediately after the first airing, many Hutterites began to complain that the show did not represent a true picture of typical colony life and ended up being a reality show or "soap opera"

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The very high birth rate among the Hutterites has decreased dramatically since 1950, as they have dropped from around ten children per family in 1954 to around five in 2010. Hutterite fertility rates remain relatively high compared to the general North American population, but relatively low compared

1950:

Consistent with their beliefs, records do not indicate any litigation initiated by the Hutterites up to the twentieth century. However, in their more recent history in North America some Hutterite conflicts have emerged in court litigations. Several cases involved the Hutterite Colony defending their

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or currently, Church Communities International—is a group of more recent origin which, prior to 1990, were accepted by the Dariusleut and Lehrerleut groups as a part of the Hutterite community. The Schmiedeleut were divided over the issue. One group is called the 'oilers', because of an issue over an

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Hutterites do not shun modern technology, but may limit some uses of it. Many attempt to remove themselves from the outside world (television sets – and in some cases the internet – are banned), and up until recently, many of the Lehrerleut and Dariusleut (Alberta) colonies still had only one central

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Once all decisions have been made, the two groups may be identified as "Group A" and "Group B". The last evening before a new group of people is to leave the "mother" colony for the "daughter" colony, two pieces of paper, labeled "Group A" and "Group B", are placed into a hat. The minister will pray,

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The process by which a colony splits to create a new daughter colony varies across the branches of colonies. In Lehrerleut, this process is quite structured, while in Darius and Schmiedeleut the process can be somewhat less so. In a Lehrerleut colony, the land will be purchased and buildings actually

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In 1845, a small group of Hutterites made plans to renew the community of goods, but was told to wait until the government had approved their plans to buy separate land. A group led by the preacher George Waldner made another attempt but this soon failed. In 1859 Michael Waldner was able to reinstate

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is a documentary filmed by Colin Law in 1964 with the following synopsis: "The followers of religious leader Jakob Hutter live in farm communities, devoutly holding to the rules their founder laid down four centuries ago. Through the kindness of a Hutterite colony in Alberta, this film, in black and

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which is usually black with white polka dots. The Schmiedleut also wear a kerchief-style head cover, but without the dots. The pattern of kerchief thus indicates to which branch the women belong: large dots indicate Lehrerleut, small dots Dariusleut and no dots Schmiedeleut. In some cases Dariusleut

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Since 1992, the Schmiedeleut, until that point the largest of the three "leut," have been divided into "Group One" and "Group Two" factions over controversies including the Arnoldleut/Bruderhof issue and the leadership of the Schmiedeleut elder. This highly acrimonious division has cut across family

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A major driving force for Hutterite leadership nowadays is the recognition that land prices have risen dramatically in Alberta and Saskatchewan because of the oil and gas industry, thus creating the need for a greater amount of cash to buy land when it comes time for a colony to split. The splitting

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During the construction process, the colony leadership splits up the colony as evenly as possible, creating two separate groups of families. The two groups are made as equal as possible in size, taking into account the practical limits of family unit sizes in each group. Additionally, the leadership

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The voting and decision-making process at most colonies is based upon a two-tiered structure including a council — usually seven senior males — and the voting membership, which includes all the married men of the colony. For each "significant" decision the council will first vote and, if passed, the

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Based on a memorandum of understanding between the Hutterites and the Minister of National Revenue, section 143 creates a fictional trust to which all the property of the Hutterite colony and any associated income belongs. The trust's income may then be allocated to the individual Hutterite members,

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The essential beliefs and practices of the Hutterites are embodied in the Schleitheim Confession of Faith. Thus, in addition to a set of community rules for Christian living and the principle of worldly separation, the Hutterites, in accordance with the Schleitheim Articles, subscribe to the faith

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In the last 150 years several subgroups of Hutterites emerged. When the Hutterites migrated to the United States in 1874 and during the following years, there was a division between those who settled in colonies and lived with community of goods, and those who settled on private farms according to

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20 million in 2008 terms: upwards of $ 10M for land and another $ 10M for buildings and construction. This massive cash requirement has forced leadership to reevaluate how a colony can produce the necessary funds. New projects have included plastics' manufacturing, metal fabrication, cabinetry and

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had tried to bring religious, political, and economical reform through a violent peasant uprising, but the movement was squashed. Although little hard evidence exists of a direct connection between Gaismair's uprising and Tyrolian Anabaptism, at least a few of the peasants involved in the uprising

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Starting in 1999, three Hutterite colonies separated from their original "Leut" affiliation and became independent. For these three colonies spiritual renewal became a major concern. One of them, Elmendorf, branched out two times, so that there are now five colonies of that kind, which co-operate

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Hutterite colonies often own large tracts of land and, since they function as a collective unit, they can make or afford higher-quality equipment than if they were working alone. Some also run industrial hog, dairy, turkey, chicken and egg production operations. An increasing number of Hutterite

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Each colony may consist of about 10 to 20 families (may not always apply), with a population of around 60 to 250. When the colony's population grows near the upper limit and its leadership determines that branching off is economically and spiritually necessary, they locate, purchase land for and

1100:(1768–1774). The Russians took Bucharest on November 17, 1769. The Hutterites then sought the advice of Russian army commander "Sämetin" (Генерал-майор Александр Гаврилович Замятин, General-Mayor Aleksandr Gavrilovitch Zamyatin) in Bucharest, who proposed that they emigrate to Russia where Count 3597:

Stein, Michelle M.; Hrusch, Cara L.; Gozdz, Justyna; Igartua, Catherine; Pivniouk, Vadim; Murray, Sean E.; Ledford, Julie G.; Marques dos Santos, Mauricius; Anderson, Rebecca L.; Metwali, Nervana; Neilson, Julia W.; Maier, Raina M.; Gilbert, Jack A.; Holbreich, Mark; Thorne, Peter S.; Martinez,

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Hutterite children get their education in a schoolhouse at the colony, according to an educational agreement with the province or state. The school is typically run by a hired "outside" teacher who teaches the basics, including English. In some Schmiedeleut schools, teachers are chosen from the

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was one of the early converts in South Tyrol and later became a leader among the Hutterites, who received their name from him. Hutter made several trips between Moravia and Tyrol—most of the Anabaptists in South Tyrol ended up emigrating to Moravia because of the fierce persecution unleashed by

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Beyond these top-level leadership positions there will also be the "Hog Boss", "Dairy Boss", and so on, depending on what agricultural operations exist at the specific colony. In each case these individuals are fully responsible for their own areas of responsibility, and will have other colony

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with women participating in roles such as cooking, medical decisions, and selection and purchase of fabric for clothing. Each colony has three high-level leaders. The two top-level leaders are the Minister and the Secretary. A third leader is the Assistant Minister. The Minister also holds the

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Before Anabaptism proper was introduced to South Tyrol, Protestant ideas had been propagated in the region by men such as Hans Vischer, a former Dominican. Some of those who participated in conventicles where Protestant ideas were presented later became Anabaptists. As well, the population in

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Overarching all internal governance processes within a single colony is the broader "Bishop" structure of leaders from across a "branch" (Lehrer-, Darius- or Schmiedeleut) such that all colonies within each branch are subject to the broader decision-making of that branch's "Bishop" council. A

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Today, Hutteries widely use telephones for both business and social purposes. Cell phones are also very common among all three groups today. Text messaging has made cell phones particularly useful for Hutterian young people wishing to keep in touch with their peers. Some Hutterite homes have

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who sought a share of the communal property. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that according to the religious tenets of the Hutterites, the Hutterites have no individual property and therefore the former members cannot be entitled to a share of the Hutterite colony's goods. In the case of

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Men's jackets and pants are usually black. Generally, the men wear buttoned-up shirts with long sleeves and collars, and they may wear undershirts. Men's pants are not held in place by belts, but rather by black suspenders. These pants are also distinctive by their lack of back pockets.

3211:, Volume 2, p. 223: ("In welchem Jahr aber die Gemeinschaft vergangen und aufgehebt worden, dz kann man nit anzeigen. weil man weder mündliche noch schriftliche Nachricht davon hat. Aus einigen Umständen ist zu schließen, dass es ungefähr Anno 1693 or 94 zum End damit sei gegangen.") 1215:. Trials to establish a communal living in Johannisruh after 1864 did not succeed. It took until 1877, after the Hutterites had already relocated to South Dakota, before a few families from Johannisruh, led by preacher Jacob Wipf, established a third group with communal living, the 1289:

Several state laws were enacted seeking to deny Hutterites religious legal status to their communal farms (colonies). Some colonies were disbanded before these decisions were overturned in the Supreme Court. By this time, many Hutterites had already established new colonies in

1790:– Hutterites that lived in separate households rather than in colonies after settling on the American prairies. At the time of immigration the Prairieleut amounted to around 2/3 of the Hutterite immigrants. Most of the Prairieleut eventually united with the Mennonites. 1161:

Around the year 1820 there was significant inner tension: a large faction of the brothers wanted to end the community of goods. The community then divided into two groups that lived as separate communities. The faction with individual ownership moved to the Mennonite

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episode "The Hoots" (December 13, 1973), the sheepherder members of a Hutterite religious sect offer no resistance to persecution by bigoted cattlemen until they learn from Kwai Chang Caine that, like the chameleon, they can change and yet remain the same in the

1815:. About eighty of the photo-less licenses were in use at the time of the decision. Besides the Alberta Hutterite groups (Darius and Lehrerleut), a handful of colonies in Manitoba (Schmiedeleut) do not wish their members to be photographed for licenses or other 2317:

In 2020, the U.S. Religion Census counted 15,531 Hutterites (in 145 congregations), of which: 9,041 of Schmiedeleut group (77 congregations), 4,754 of Lehrerleut (43 congregations), 1,409 of Dariusleut (22 congregations) and 327 in other groups (3 congr.).

1778:. Though all three "leut" are Hutterites, there are some distinctive differences, including style of dress and organizational structure. However, the original doctrine of all three groups is identical. The differences are mostly traditional and geographic. 1686:

asking for God's choice of the paper drawn from the hat, and will draw one piece of paper. The name drawn will indicate which group is leaving for the daughter colony. Within hours, the daughter colony begins the process of settling at a brand new site.

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in 1620 and in the end annihilated them there as an Anabaptist group. In 1622 the Hutterites were expelled from Moravia and fled to the Hutterite settlements in Hungary, where overcrowding caused severe hardship. Some Moravian Hutterites converted to

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This very structured procedure differs dramatically from the one that may be used at some Darius and Schmiedeleut colonies, where the split can sometimes be staggered over time, with only small groups of people moving to the new location at a time.

1911:, or Hutterisch, sometimes regarded as being a language in its own right. Originally mainly based on a Tyrolean dialect from the south-central German-speaking Europe from which many of them sprang in the 16th century, Hutterisch has taken on a 1794:

lines and remains a serious matter almost two decades later. Group One colonies generally have relatively more liberal positions on issues including higher education, ecumenical and missions work, musical instruments, media, and technology.

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telephone. The Schmiedeleut, however, made this transition earlier, where each household had a phone along with a central telephone for the colony business operation. In many colonies, telephones are tied into the sort of commercial

1653:: all property is owned by the colony, and provisions for individual members and their families come from the common resources. This practice is based largely on Hutterite interpretation of passages in chapters 2, 4, and 5 of 2122:

origin and with many Hutterite traditions but fully autonomous since 1999, when it was excommunicated from the Hutterite Church, whereupon about one-third of the people of the colony decided to stay with the Dariusleut

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in 1943 – the last time provincial legislation was so disallowed in Canadian history – and eventually repealed in 1973, the act resulted in the establishment of a number of new colonies in

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constructed before anyone in the colony knows who will be relocating to the daughter colony location. The final decision as to who leaves and who stays will not be made until everything is ready at the new location.

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in the United States. In the most severe case, four Hutterite men, who were subjected to military draft but refused to comply, were imprisoned and physically abused. Ultimately, two of the four men, the brothers

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In Moravia, the Hutterites flourished for several decades; the period between 1554 and 1565 was called "good" and the period between 1565 and 1592 was called "golden". During that time the Hutterites expanded to

852:, where he was burned at the stake on February 25, 1536. By 1540 Anabaptism in South Tyrol was beginning to die out, largely because of the emigration to Moravia of the converts to escape incessant persecution. 1376:

As of March 2018, there were approximately 34,000 Hutterites in 350 colonies in Canada, 75 percent of the Brethren living in North America. During summer 2020, many colonies struggled with outbreaks during the

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Church garb is generally dark for both men and women. The clothing worn for church consists of a plain jacket for both genders and a black apron for women. Men's church hats are always dark and usually black.

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Here their plain style of dress became a distinguishing mark of the Hutterite Christian faith. Plain dress defines sexual roles and status and de-emphasizes the importance of outward forms of physical beauty.

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ruled that the photograph requirement violates their religious rights and that driving was essential to their way of life. The Wilson Colony based its position on the belief that images are prohibited by the

1029:) in 1622, because he needed craftsmen and agricultural workers to develop his land. In the next two years more Hutterites migrated to Transylvania, in total 690 or 1,089 persons, depending on the sources. 2286: 1633:

There is a wide range of leadership cultures and styles between the three main colony varieties. In some cases very dominant ministers or secretaries may hold greater sway over some colonies than others.

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One news report defined the business operations of colonies as "industrial grade farms that produce grains, eggs, meat and vegetables, which are sold to large distributors and at local farmer's markets".

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region in 1527, which most likely was the first introduction of Anabaptist ideas in the area. Another visit through the area in 1529 reinforced these ideas, but he was captured and burned at the stake in

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baptism of sin-conscious adults; the universal spiritual church of believers; the complete separation of church and state; pacifism and the refusal to bear arms; and the rejection of oaths of allegiance.

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because "Hutterite colony members eat, work, and worship together in community settings and share possessions", according to one report. The groups were taking steps to minimize the spread of the virus.

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Therefore, Moravia, where Hubmaier had also found refuge, was the land where the persecuted Anabaptist forerunners of the Hutterites fled to, originating mostly from different locations in what is today

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In 1995 there were a total of 285 Hutterite colonies in Canada (138 in Alberta, 93 colonies in Manitoba and 54 in Saskatchewan). By 2011, there were 345 across the Prairies – a 21 percent increase. The

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Hutter was important because he was a fearless, effective leader and because he established the Hutterite colonies on the basis of the Schleitheim Confession, a classic Anabaptist statement of faith.

1286:, slowly assimilated first into Mennonite groups and later into the general American population. Until about 1910 there was intermarriage between the Prärieleut and the communally living Hutterites. 2020:, a case was brought by some of The Nine against Forest River Colony and was again dismissed by a judge in March 2010, ruling that the courts did not have subject matter jurisdiction over the case. 912:

in the years 1530 to 1535, they developed the communal form of living that distinguishes them from other Anabaptists, such as the Mennonites and the Amish. Hutterite communal living is based on the

1964:

The willingness of the colonies to take matters to secular courts has also resulted in internal religious disputes being brought before the court. Two of these cases have come to appeal before the

1196:(1868). In Ukraine, the Hutterites enjoyed relative prosperity. When they lived among German-speaking Mennonites in Molotschna, they adopted the very efficient form of Mennonite agriculture that 2068:, a Japanese Hutterite community founded in 1972, did not consist of Hutterites of European descent, but ethnic Japanese who had adopted the same way of life and were recognized as an official 1637:

Women and children hold no formal voting power over decision-making in a colony, but they often hold influence on decision-making through the informal processes of a colony's social framework.

1246:, almost all Hutterites, totaling 1,265 individuals, migrated to the United States between 1874 and 1879 in response to the new Russian military service law. Of these, some 800 identified as 656:, a classic Anabaptist statement of faith" of 1527, and the first communes were formed in 1528. Since the death of Hutter in 1536, the beliefs of the Hutterites, especially those espousing a 2682:) make a delivery to a Hutterite colony and soon find themselves embroiled in a violent conflict between the pacifists and rival farmers who are angry about the colony outcompeting them. 4429: 1529:

Hutterite agriculture today is specialized and more or less industrialized. Hutterite children therefore have no close contact with farm animals any longer and are not protected from

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In contrast to the uniformly plain look of the Amish and Old Order Mennonites, Hutterite clothing can be vividly colored, especially on children, although many Hutterites do wear

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teachings of nonresistance, Hutterites historically have avoided getting involved in litigation within the secular justice system. One of the early founders of the Hutterites,

2307:. A Montana government report in 2010 published a specific list of colonies and schools in that state. Hutterite colonies have existed in the rural farming areas of eastern 1226:

the language of instruction in schools; then in 1871 a law introduced compulsory military service. These led the Mennonites and Hutterites to make plans for emigration.

3823: 759:(c. 1491–1529) practiced adult baptism to each other and then to others. From Switzerland Anabaptism quickly spread northward and eastward in the timespan of one year. 4078: 5550: 3986: 3770: 3392: 792: 668:

in many countries. The Hutterites embarked on a series of migrations through central and eastern Europe. Nearly extinct by the 18th century, they migrated to

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Because the lands of the Hutterites at Radichev were not very productive, they petitioned to move to better lands. In 1842 they were allowed to relocate to

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In the United States judges have repeatedly dismissed cases that were brought against the colony by colony members or former members. Such cases include

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of Canada, introduced in 2007 and modified in 2014 with section 108(5), contains special rules to accommodate Hutterite colonies. According to a 2018

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general seemed to have a favorable attitude towards reform, be it Protestant or Anabaptist. Jörg Blaurock appears to have preached itinerantly in the

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On August 1, 1770, after more than three months of traveling, the group of about 60 persons reached their new home, the lands of Count Rumyantsev at

4215: 1993:, who overturned the expulsion. The outcome of these two cases has strongly influenced the outcome of similar cases in Canada. When some members of 1888:

kerchiefs also have no dots. Female members of the Bruderhof wear solid colored kerchiefs in black, blue or white and sometimes no kerchief at all.

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had been signed, bringing an end to the war. The Hutterite community said the men died from mistreatment; the U.S. government said the men died of

796: 1828:) that a Hutterite community must abide by provincial rules that make a digital photo mandatory for all new driver's licenses as a way to prevent 3331: 2102:, created under the leadership of Julius Kubassek (1893–1961). It was in fellowship with the Hutterites from its beginnings, in 1939, until 1950. 1189: 811:

through the labors of Jörg Blaurock. The Gaismair uprising set the stage by producing a hope for social justice in a way that was similar to the

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decision will be carried to the voting membership. Officials not following the selected decisions can be removed by a similar vote of a colony.

1824: 3896: 968:(1618–1648) broke out. It soon developed into a war about religion when in 1620 the mostly Protestant Bohemia and Moravia were invaded by the 4426: 1953: 1166:

for some time, but soon returned. After a fire destroyed most of the buildings at Radichev, the Hutterites gave up their community of goods.

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The Minister, Secretary, and all "boss" positions are elected positions and many decisions are put to a vote before they are implemented.

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Most Hutterites are descended from these latter 400. Named for the leader of each group (the Schmiedeleut, Dariusleut and Lehrerleut,

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in 1540–1541. There are also extant theological tracts and letters by Hans Schlaffer, Leonhard Schiemer, and Ambrosius Spittelmaier.

4405: 4154:"Judgement of Dismissal Maendel et al. v. Forest River Colony of Hutterian Bretheran". State of North Dakota County of Grand Forks. 2277:

The same 2016 census which recorded 370 colonies, counted a total Hutterite population of 35,010 people (up from 32,500 in 2011).

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minister of a colony who does not ensure his colony follows broader "Bishop" council decisions can be removed from his position.

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through close contact with farm animals, like Amish children are, but are now similar to the general North American population.

1042:

at Alvinc was burned down in 1661. Towards the end of the century, community of goods was abandoned, when exactly is not known.

1362: 4143:"Motion to Dismiss Maendel et al. v. Forest River Colony of Hutterian Bretheran". State of North Dakota County of Grand Forks. 4004: 1120:. In their new home, the Hutterites were joined by a few more Hutterites who could flee from Habsburg lands, as well as a few 5052: 4105: 3831: 2858: 3943: 3797: 3744: 1499:, and the rejection of oaths. The Hutterite Churches also believe in "a set of community rules for Christian living and the 4676: 4444: 1812: 3774: 2787: 2115: 1961:, forced the Hutterites to participate in the workers' compensation system despite the Hutterites' religious objections. 1323: 885: 1127:

When Count Pyotr Rumyantsev died in 1796, his two sons tried to reduce the status of the Hutterites from free peasants (

952:, which affected the Hutterites severely, broke out. During this war, in 1605, some 240 Hutterites were abducted by the 4062: 2072:

colony. The inhabitants of this colony spoke neither English nor German. The colony was disbanded on December 31, 2019.

1951:

religious lifestyle against the government. This includes the recent conflict over photographs on driver's licenses in

1876:. Most of the clothing is homemade within the colony. Shoes were homemade in the past but are now mostly store-bought. 1487:, a classic Anabaptist statement of faith". In accordance with this confession of faith, Hutterite theology emphasizes 1211:

In 1860, Darius Walter founded another group with community of goods at the other end of Hutterdorf, thus creating the

3390: 1883:

Women and girls each wear a dress with a blouse underneath. Most Lehrerleut and Dariusleut also wear a kerchief-style

1357:

In 1942, alarmed at the influx of Dakota Hutterites buying copious tracts of land, the Province of Alberta passed the

5530: 5323: 4926: 4912: 4891: 4877: 4863: 4533: 4486: 4031: 3710: 3681: 3656: 3581: 3417: 2952: 2897: 1586: 1097: 584: 972: 3512: 2274:

recorded 370 Hutterite colonies in Canada, of these: 175 were in Alberta, 110 in Manitoba and 70 in Saskatchewan.

2129:, founded in 1998, is a Christian community of Hutterite tradition, but is much more open to outsiders, so-called 1997:

sued their former colony in Manitoba in 2008 over lost wages and injuries the case was never even heard in court.

5282: 3490: 2108: 841: 708: 1715:

process requires the purchase of land and the construction of buildings. This can require funds in the range of

5535: 5348: 3437: 2735: 2400: 2091: 1568: 953: 945:, developed in Moravia and Kingdom of Hungary, and the number of Hutterites reached twenty to thirty thousand. 873: 277: 4526:

Recent fertility decline in Dariusleut Hutterites: An extension of Eaton and Mayer's Hutterite fertility study

3491:"Hutterites fear stigma could resurface as Manitoba COVID-19 cases rise, province offers more detail on cases" 1253: 1243: 5265: 2126: 1803: 1354:, where Hutterites continued to live. Other colonies moved to Canada but did not sell their vacant colonies. 1327: 961: 539: 325: 4632: 3730: 3373: 5020: 1402:

according to a formula set out in section 143, who can then claim the income on their personal tax returns.

577: 189:

saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near

4785:

Rechenschafft unserer Religion, Leer und Glaubens, von den Brüdern so man die Hutterischen nent aussgangen

4427:

http://opi.mt.gov/Portals/182/Page%20Files/Indian%20Education/Indian%20Education%20101/Hutterite%20EUs.pdf

2216:

Approximately 75% of all Hutterites reside in Canada, with the remaining 25% living in the United States.

5343: 4609: 4383: 3878: 2792: 2711: 1904: 1564: 1430:, resettling abandoned property and buying abandoned colonies from the Darius- and the Lehrerleut. After 1378: 983: 272: 5488: 3964: 5328: 5222: 3412:(Revised and expanded by Cornelius Krahn ed.). Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Press. p. 545. 2889: 2691: 1515: 1411: 1407: 1351: 1113: 732: 461: 436: 252: 3453: 1021:, "invited" Hutterites to come to his country. In fact he forced a group of 186 Hutterites to come to 5210: 5045: 2038: 1032:

In the second half of the 17th century, the Hutterite community was in decline. It had suffered from

471: 441: 4563: 4241: 3598:

Fernando D.; von Mutius, Erika; Vercelli, Donata; Ober, Carole; Sperling, Anne I. (August 4, 2016).

2699:) is on the run from the law and hides in a Hutterite community in Alberta, Canada, led by Wilhelm ( 5540: 5205: 5110: 2747:(2016) is a self-produced documentary by a young gay man who left his home in a Manitoba colony to 2670: 2656: 1319: 1154:, some 12 km (7 miles) from Vishenka, where they would have the same privileged status as the 3908: 1426:

when there was a lot of economic pressure on farming populations, some Schmiedeleut moved back to

5243: 5151: 4737: 4502: 3931: 3920: 3884: 2842:

Intentional Communities (Routledge Revivals) : Ideology and Alienation in Communal Societies

2715: 1990: 1965: 1807: 1730: 1557: 812: 642: 451: 1915:

base because of their history: In the years 1760–1763, a small group of surviving Hutterites in

5555: 5298: 5260: 5075: 4362: 3452:, “Evidence: Study on the present state of the domestic & international financial system,” 2945:

Religious Conscience, the State, and the Law: Historical Contexts and Contemporary Significance

1907:, the Hutterites have preserved and use among themselves a distinct dialect of German known as 1884: 1500: 1484: 1459: 1343: 653: 320: 5390: 5380: 5217: 2818: 2078: 1924: 1852:

contained a series of photographs made by Jill Brody over several years at three colonies in

1782: 1455: 1314: 988: 744: 476: 446: 282: 242: 4698: 1397:

report, colonies do not file income tax returns as corporations, but as individual members:

5195: 5190: 5038: 2651:

white, was made inside the community and shows all aspects of the Hutterites' daily life."

2636: 2502: 2271: 2065: 2045:, while the ones who settled on the three communal colonies developed into three branches: 1703: 1654: 1451: 1350:

and Saskatchewan. All 18 existing American colonies were abandoned, except the oldest one,

1054: 965: 917: 845: 830: 775:

in May 1526. Other early Anabaptists who became important for the emerging Hutterites were

731:

movement, from which the Hutterites emerged, started in groups that formed after the early

680:

recovered from about 400 to around 50,000 at present. Today, almost all Hutterites live in

622: 514: 496: 5248: 5021:

Hutterian Brethren (Hutterische Brüder) at Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online

2060:

During the 20th century three groups joined the Hutterites, two of them only temporarily:

1698: 1177:. When they moved, the total Hutterite population was 384 with 185 males and 199 females. 964:. It lasted until 1606; however, before the Hutterites could rebuild their resources, the 8: 5525: 5506: 5313: 5308: 5146: 5090: 5080: 4190: 2779: 2730:(2012), a documentary about a Hutterite colony in Saskatchewan directed by Thomas Risch. 2700: 2291:

As of March 2018, there were 120 colonies in the United States, of which: 54 colonies in

2130: 1802:

Alberta Hutterites initially won the right not to have their photographs taken for their

1361:, severely restricting the expansion of the Dariusleut and Lehrerleut colonies. Although 869: 861: 740: 638: 567: 481: 267: 237: 219: 214: 154: 1522:

Hutterite communes, called "colonies", are all rural; many depend largely on farming or

5458: 5277: 4551: 3748: 3699: 3624: 3599: 3573: 3540: 2797: 2662: 2486: 2375: 1994: 1816: 1650: 1496: 1262:(literally, "community people") and started three communities with community of goods. 975:, a Catholic, who annihilated and plundered several Hutterite settlements. In 1621 the 764: 760: 677: 657: 373: 4132:"Manitoba Hutterite colony sued over unpaid labour". The Canadian Press. June 5, 2008. 1464:

Account of Our Religion, Doctrine and Faith, of the brethren who are called Hutterites

696: 5463: 5303: 5156: 4922: 4908: 4887: 4873: 4859: 4837: 4539: 4529: 4482: 4101: 4098:

Fighting over God : a legal and political history of religious freedom in Canada

4058: 4027: 3706: 3677: 3652: 3629: 3577: 3413: 2948: 2893: 2854: 2696: 1912: 1282:

Over the next decades, the Hutterites who settled on individual farms, the so-called

1155: 1066: 1062: 969: 788: 491: 3555: 5385: 5105: 5100: 4803: 3619: 3611: 3536: 3449: 2846: 2759: 2424: 2308: 1908: 1734: 1492: 1423: 1394: 1367: 1276: 1223: 1163: 1147: 1101: 1043: 949: 901: 816: 736: 368: 142: 134: 4121:

Hitchen, Ian (September 7, 2013). "'The Nine' share their struggles". Brandon Sun.

4005:"What One Of America's Most Isolated Communities Can Teach Us About Getting Along" 2723:

was broadcast on BBC2 and looked at the lives of the people within the community.

1766:

Three different branches of Hutterites live in the prairies of North America: the

1410:

to review the legislation, because Hutterites were not being allowed to claim the

5443: 5438: 5178: 5168: 5095: 4956: 4896: 4780: 4472: 4433: 3927: 3396: 3379: 2743: 2099: 2084: 1940: 1848: 1716: 1473: 1229: 1010: 808: 756: 534: 529: 408: 398: 353: 138: 28: 4901:

On the Backroad to Heaven: Old Order Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish, and Brethren

3476: 1839:

traveled to rural Alberta to photograph members of the community for her series

1022: 5483: 5358: 5318: 5254: 5227: 5200: 5126: 3327: 2802: 2679: 1829: 1616: 1279:. Here, each group reestablished the traditional Hutterite communal lifestyle. 1197: 1117: 1033: 976: 784: 681: 669: 549: 486: 388: 335: 181: 4458:, Canadian Edition, James Valley Colony of Hutterian Brethren: Elie, Manitoba. 1414:

refundable tax credit (WITB), which was available to other farmers in Canada.

1346:

by leaving the United States and moving to the Canadian provinces of Alberta,

1204:

community of goods at one end of Hutterdorf, thus becoming the founder of the

799:(† 1536). Most of these early Anabaptists soon became martyrs of their faith. 16:

Ethno-religious group since the 16th century; a communal branch of Anabaptists

5519: 5433: 5410: 5333: 3455:

Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade & Commerce

2812: 2686: 1753:

Schmiedeleut Hutterites at school in Crystal Springs Colony, Manitoba, Canada

1089:. When the Hutterites left Transylvania, their number was down to 67 people. 936: 928: 921: 913: 825: 752: 673: 661: 403: 363: 302: 287: 257: 73: 4719: 4079:"Montana Hutterite colony asks Supreme Court to hear religious liberty case" 1078: 939:, present-day Slovakia. In the time until 1622 some 100 settlements, called 5478: 5473: 5468: 5453: 5173: 5136: 5025: 4973: 4758: 4291: 3633: 2996: 2807: 2675: 2468: 2460: 2448: 2430: 2420: 2365: 2335: 2304: 2292: 2258: 2046: 2017: 2005: 1916: 1781:

There are two other related groups. The Arnoldleut—also referred to as the

1767: 1749: 1488: 1480: 1431: 1427: 1295: 1233:

Hutterite migrations in Europe 1526–1874 before their move to North America

1205: 1014: 998: 909: 836: 685: 649: 413: 383: 209: 186: 97: 81: 77: 61: 4543: 4340: 3615: 2850: 1891:

Young girls each wear a bright, colorful cap that fastens under the chin.

5400: 5375: 5352: 5185: 5085: 4904: 4827: 3361: 2213:

In 1995, the total North American Hutterite population was about 30,000.

2042: 1873: 1787: 1310: 1301: 1283: 1181: 1093: 905: 701: 292: 247: 194: 4733: 4654: 4578: 2405:

The mid-2004 location and number of the world's 483 Hutterite colonies:

1665: 1077:

In 1767 the Hutterites fled from Transylvania first to Kräbach, that is

5448: 5428: 5141: 5061: 4216:"Inside The Bruderhof: Radical Christians living in an English village" 3434:

Pacifists in Chains: The Persecution of Hutterites during the Great War

2748: 2440: 2412: 2119: 2069: 2054: 2050: 1936: 1775: 1771: 1600: 1571: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1447: 1216: 1212: 1174: 1170: 1121: 776: 728: 722: 634: 626: 466: 393: 358: 176: 162: 110: 3854:"Inside the Bruderhof review: A look into a British religious commune" 3600:"Innate Immunity and Asthma Risk in Amish and Hutterite Farm Children" 3040:

Hutterite Beginnings: Communitarian Experiments During the Reformation

3027:

Hutterite Beginnings: Communitarian Experiments During the Reformation

3014:

Hutterite Beginnings: Communitarian Experiments During the Reformation

2714:. Filmed primarily at King Ranch Colony near Lewistown, Montana, with 2028: 1511: 4406:"Hutterites, like other growers, learn importance of diversification" 3001:

The Mystery of the Mark-Anabaptist Mission Work under the Fire of God

2464: 2355: 2300: 1920: 1836: 1331: 1252:(literally, "owners") and acquired individual farms according to the 1193: 1185: 1086: 1082: 1058: 1018: 877: 849: 262: 122: 4267:"Fort Pitt Hutterite Colony (Frenchman Butte, Saskatchewan, Canada)" 4165: 3745:"How SD became a top place for foreign money | Grand Forks, ND" 2032:

Chart depicting the development of the different Hutterite branches.

1546: 1373:

The Hutterian Brethren Church was recognized by Parliament in 1951.

748: 5405: 5338: 4944:

Das vergessene Volk: Ein Jahr bei den deutschen Hutterern in Kanada

4055:

Courts And the Colonies The Litigation of Hutterite Church Disputes

2641: 2434: 2248: 1981: 1864: 1612: 1523: 1347: 1151: 979:

followed the war and killed one third of the remaining Hutterites.

780: 665: 519: 378: 297: 89: 4316: 3196:

The Hutterian Brethren 1528-1931. A Story of Martyrdom and Loyalty

2959:

The Hutterites are an Anabaptist group founded in 1528 in Moravia.

2640:(1941) has a segment that takes place at a Hutterite community in 1434:

some Darius- and Lehrerleut also went back to the U.S., mainly to

1069:

dialects. In 1762 community of goods was reestablished in Alvinc.

5501: 5395: 5271: 4471:

Kraybill, Donald B.; Bowman, Carl Desportes (September 3, 2002).

3824:"Learning from the Bruderhof: An Intentional Christian Community" 3513:"Canadian Hutterite colonies struggle with coronavirus outbreaks" 2773: 2752: 2482: 2475: 2444: 2416: 2345: 2296: 2238: 2013: 1853: 1822:

However, in July 2009, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled 4–3 (in

1435: 1291: 1134: 1026: 893: 889: 881: 865: 772: 768: 562: 544: 524: 330: 190: 93: 85: 2314:

The approximate U.S. population of Brethren was 11,000 in 2018.

1104:

would provide them with land all they need for a new beginning.

2490: 1959:

Big Sky Colony Inc. v. Montana Department of Labor and Industry

1919:

were joined by a larger group of Lutheran forced migrants from

1530: 991:

and retained a separate ethnic identity as the Habans (German:

957: 4884:

Inside the Ark: The Hutterites in Canada and the United States

4048: 4046: 3539:, Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade & Commerce, 1085:, which was at that time some 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from 5163: 5030: 5013: 3003:, Mountain Lake, Minnesota, Elmendorf Books, 2008, pp. 14–66. 1980:

involved several expelled members of the Interlake Colony in

630: 431: 5026:

Hutterite Brethren at Association of Religious Data Archives

3946:, CBC News, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, July 24, 2009 3897:

Hutterites exempt from driver's licence photos: Appeal Court

2762:, alongside Mennonites, Amish, and other Anabaptist groups. 2674:, "Hoots" (November 21, 1974), gypsy truckers Sonny Pruitt ( 1868:

Hutterite women return from working in the fields at sunset.

1619:

planning and assigning staff to various farming operations.

4810:, Philadelphia, Pa., Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation, 1947. 4043: 3899:, CBC News, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, May 17, 2007 2510:

As of 2021, there are 572 Hutterite colonies in existence.

1733:(PBX) systems more commonly used by businesses, with which 1503:". Former members are shunned and are not to be spoken to. 1242:

After sending scouts to North America in 1873 along with a

1144: 676:. Over the course of 140 years, their population living in 4985:

Hutterite: The things I Saw growing Up as a Hutterite Teen

4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 3909:

Alta. Hutterites win right to driver’s license without pic

3705:. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta Press. p. 345. 3542:

Interim Report Concerning Taxation of Hutterites in Canada

2057:; in the 1990s the Schmiedeleut split into two subgroups. 1483:, "established the Hutterite colonies on the basis of the 982:

Renewed persecution followed the Habsburg takeover of the

652:, "established the Hutterite colonies on the basis of the 4856:

The Dynamics of Hutterite Society: An Analytical Approach

3987:"Photography exhibit captures life on Hutterite colonies" 3701:

The Dynamics of Hutterite Society: An Analytical Approach

3676:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins Press. p. 132. 2928:. Pennsylvania Dutch Folklore Center. 1990. p. 138. 2758:

Hutterites are also often depicted on the satire website

1943:, wrote about the Hutterites' stand on going to court in 5546:

Protestant denominations established in the 16th century

4384:"This map of Hutterite colonies shows evolution at work" 2970:

Anthony L. Chute, Nathan A. Finn, Michael A. G. Haykin.

2075:

In similar fashion, a "neo-Hutterite" group, called the

860:

In the 16th century, there was a considerable degree of

4348: 3798:"Hutterites embrace technology for business, education" 3596: 1706:, with an array of reconditioned Nordtank wind turbines 1342:

The Hutterites responded to this mistreatment of their

1092:

In Wallachia they encountered much hardship because of

743:, which departed from the teachings of Zwingli and the 4800:. Standoff Colony near Macleod, Alberta, Canada, 1923. 4524:

Nonaka, K.; Miura, T.; Peter, K. (September 3, 2002).

3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 1462:, the Hutterites possess an account of their beliefs, 4999:

The Hutterites: Lives and Images of a Communal People

1903:

Just as the Amish and Old Order Mennonites often use

1173:, a Mennonite colony, where they founded the village 767:, became an Anabaptist in Zürich in 1525 but fled to 4677:"Hutterites want apology for NatGeo television show" 4633:"Reflection: American Colony | Ask a Hutterite" 2769: 4815:

Die Schriften der Hutterischen Täufergemeinschaften

4445:

U.S. Religion Census | Maps and data files for 2020

3462: 2098:, is a Christian community with communal living at 2002:

Wollma, et al. v. Poinsett Hutterian Brethren, Inc.

1001:, the Haban group had become essentially extinct). 868:because in the 15th century there had been several 3944:Hutterites need driver's licence photos: top court 3698: 1607:The Secretary's wife sometimes holds the title of 927:A basic tenet of Hutterite groups has always been 4940:The Forgotten People: A Year Among the Hutterites 4015: 1469:Rechenschafft unserer Religion, Leer und Glaubens 1061:who in 1755 were deported to Transylvania by the 920:(chapters 2 (especially verse 44), 4, and 5) and 5551:Religious organizations established in the 1520s 5517: 5001:, Sioux Falls, 1998. Written by an Ex-Hutterite. 4808:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 4655:"The Making of 'Meet the Hutterites': Resources" 4523: 3570:The Palgrave Companion to North American Utopias 3222:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 3209:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 3144:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 2936: 1693: 1184:and, by 1868, three more villages were founded: 1048:Das Klein-Geschichtsbuch der Hutterischen Brüder 4147: 4022:Janzen, Rod; Stanton, Max (September 1, 2010). 3332:Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online 1945:Peter Riedemann's Hutterite Confession of Faith 1116:in Ukraine, which at this time was part of the 739:(1484–1531). These new groups were part of the 4470: 4136: 3921:Alberta v. Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony 3880:Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony v. Alberta 3567: 2739:in Season 8, Episode 7, "Walk a Mile" (2014). 2733:Hutterites were featured in the CBC TV series 2137: 1987:Lakeside Colony of Hutterian Brethren v. Hofer 1974:Lakeside Colony of Hutterian Brethren v. Hofer 1825:Alberta v. Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony 1150:, who allowed them to settle on crown land in 5046: 4021: 3457:, 42nd Parl., 1st Sess., № 37 (2018‑03‑28–29) 2942: 1954:Alberta v Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony 1623:residents working in those respective areas. 1417: 1180:In 1852 a second village was founded, called 844:. In November 1535, Hutter was captured near 585: 4528:. Vol. 66. JHU Press. pp. 411–20. 2879: 2877: 2076: 2010:Eli Wollman Sr. et al. v. Ayers Ranch Colony 1957:. Another recent case in the United States, 1536: 1467: 1266: 1257: 1247: 1138: 1128: 1037: 992: 940: 616: 4791:The Hutterite Petition to Woodrow Roosevelt 4503:"Review of The Hutterites in North America" 4478:Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish, and Brethren 4466: 4464: 4242:"BBC - Inside The Bruderhof - Media Centre" 3804:. The Spokesman Review. Murrow News Service 2287:List of U.S. states by Hutterite population 2107:closely, thus forming a new affiliation of 672:in 1770 and about a hundred years later to 5053: 5039: 4095: 4057:. Vancouver: Univ of British Columbia Pr. 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2225:Hutterite population by Canadian province 641:of the early 16th century and have formed 592: 578: 169: 4919:The Prairie People: Forgotten Anabaptists 4630: 3623: 3358:The Prairie People: Forgotten Anabaptists 2874: 1587:Learn how and when to remove this message 1458:, who have almost no written books about 4599:Complete Second Season DVD Kung Fu, 2005 4461: 4376: 3795: 3651:. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. p. 10. 3198:, Reprint MacMillan Colony, 1985, p. 75. 3029:, Baltimore, Maryland, 1995, pp. 181–185 3016:, Baltimore, Maryland, 1995, pp. 169–175 2721:How to Get to Heaven with the Hutterites 2668:In Season 1, Episode 9 of the TV series 2027: 1863: 1835:From 1972 to 1980, Chicago photographer 1748: 1697: 1664: 1510: 1479:The founder of the Hutterite tradition, 1406:In 2018, the Senate of Canada asked the 1300: 1228: 1222:In 1864, the Primary Schools' Bill made 997:) until the 19th century (by the end of 707: 695: 664:, have resulted in hundreds of years of 4120: 3771:"Turkey Plant Celebrates Grand Opening" 3568:Friesen, J.; Friesen, Virginia (2016). 2909: 2838: 2832: 1156:German Mennonite colonists from Prussia 5518: 4798:Geschicht-Buch der Hutterischen Brüder 4372:– via The Canadian Encyclopedia. 3671: 2943:McLaren, John; Coward, Harold (1999). 2883: 2706:On May 29, 2012, the first episode of 2156: 2118:is a Christian Community of Hutterite 1644: 855: 5196:Schwarzenau (German Baptist) Brethren 5034: 4576: 4292:"Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community" 3696: 3532: 3530: 3407: 3323: 3321: 2726:Another film about the Hutterites is 2630: 2329: 2232: 1737:features could easily be programmed. 4932: 4052: 3646: 2926:Pennsylvania Folklife, Volumes 40–42 2708:American Colony: Meet the Hutterites 2083:, was founded in Germany in 1920 by 1723: 1660: 1569:adding citations to reliable sources 1540: 1363:disallowed by the federal government 1050:that this happened in 1693 or 1694. 892:and Moravia due to the teachings of 68:Regions with significant populations 4610:"Another View of 'American Colony'" 4579:"The Hutterites by Colin Low - NFB" 4408:. Spokesman Review. August 27, 2006 4296:Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community 4100:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 3796:Tompkins, Caitlin (March 8, 2015). 3747:. Prairiebizmag.com. Archived from 3042:, Baltimore, Maryland, 1995, p. 280 2788:Amish and Mennonite Heritage Center 2326: 2229: 2133:, than other Hutterite communities. 2116:Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community 1313:, the pacifist Hutterites suffered 1271:being based on the German word for 807:Anabaptism appears to have come to 13: 4821: 4787:, Moravia, 1565, several reprints. 4769: 4679:. Fox News Channel. August 8, 2012 3984: 3961:Museum of Contemporary Photography 3527: 3318: 2151: 14: 5567: 5005: 3672:Janzen, Rod; et al. (2004). 3544:, 42nd Parl., 1st Sess., Rept. 21 2839:Shenker, Barry (March 31, 2011). 2322:Hutterite population by US state 1761: 1649:Hutterites practice a near-total 1275:), they settled initially in the 1256:, whereas some 400 identified as 686:Great Plains of the United States 5500: 4991: 4832:The Hutterian Brethren 1528-1931 2772: 1930: 1545: 1237: 763:(c. 1480–1528), a Bavarian from 561: 45: 44: 27: 4870:The Hutterites in North America 4751: 4726: 4712: 4691: 4669: 4647: 4624: 4602: 4593: 4570: 4517: 4495: 4449: 4438: 4420: 4398: 4334: 4317:"Elmendorf Christian Community" 4309: 4284: 4259: 4234: 4208: 4183: 4158: 4125: 4114: 4089: 4071: 4024:The Hutterites in North America 3997: 3978: 3949: 3937: 3914: 3902: 3890: 3872: 3846: 3816: 3789: 3763: 3737: 3719: 3690: 3674:The Hutterites in North America 3665: 3640: 3604:New England Journal of Medicine 3590: 3561: 3549: 3505: 3483: 3443: 3426: 3410:Smith's Story of the Mennonites 3401: 3384: 3367: 3350: 3337: 3305: 3292: 3279: 3266: 3253: 3240: 3227: 3214: 3201: 3188: 3175: 3162: 3149: 3136: 3123: 3110: 3097: 3084: 3071: 3058: 3045: 3032: 2109:Hutterite Christian Communities 2041:. The homesteaders were called 1846:A 2018 report published by the 1556:needs additional citations for 1501:principle of worldly separation 1004: 648:The founder of the Hutterites, 5349:Separation of church and state 5060: 4967: 4096:Buckingham, Janet Epp (2014). 3773:. Keloland.Com. Archived from 3438:Johns Hopkins University Press 3315:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 105-106. 3302:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 104-105. 3289:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 103-104. 3019: 3006: 2990: 2977: 2964: 2401:Category:Hutterite communities 2092:Community Farm of the Brethren 1797: 1599:Hutterite colonies are mostly 1446:Contrary to other traditional 1143:). The Hutterites appealed to 278:Separation of church and state 1: 5266:Dordrecht Confession of Faith 4849:The History of the Hutterites 4635:. Askahutterite.wordpress.com 4505:. Cascadiapublishinghouse.com 4456:The 2004 Hutterite Phone Book 4321:Elmendorf Christian Community 3146:, Philadelphia, 1947, p. 203. 2825: 2127:Elmendorf Christian Community 1694:Agriculture and manufacturing 1098:war between Russia and Turkey 716: 4942:, Sioux Falls 1993 (German: 4868:Rod Janzen and Max Stanton: 3911:, Edmonton Sun, May 17, 2007 3727:"Alberta Venture - ARTICLES" 3515:. Global News. July 30, 2020 3263:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 93-96. 3250:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 91-92. 3185:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 72–73. 3172:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 65-67. 3159:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 63-65. 3094:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 17–20. 2987:, Baltimore 1974, pp. 10–11. 2884:Linder, Robert Dean (2008). 2311:since the mid-20th century. 2023: 1744: 1072: 1036:incursions during which the 7: 5344:Priesthood of all believers 5283:Anabaptist–Jewish relations 4980:, Zürich and New York 1998. 4978:Hutterite: A World of Grace 4858:, Edmonton, Alberta, 1987. 4631:kwollmann (June 21, 2012). 4474:On the Backroad to Heaven: 3649:The Courts and the Colonies 3493:. CBC News. August 23, 2020 2793:Anabaptist Museum (Austria) 2765: 2712:National Geographic Channel 2394: 2138:Population and distribution 1859: 1786:oil well. The other is the 1674:build a "daughter" colony. 1450:groups like the Amish, the 1441: 1379:COVID-19 pandemic in Canada 1324:Leavenworth Military Prison 637:, trace their roots to the 273:Priesthood of all believers 10: 5572: 5329:Nonconformity to the world 5223:Apostolic Christian Church 4882:John Lehr and Yosef Kats: 4774: 4612:. Hutterites. June 1, 2012 4026:. JHU Press. p. 149. 3926:December 21, 2009, at the 3537:Canada, Parliament, Senate 3450:Canada, Parliament, Senate 2947:. SUNY Press. p. 98. 2890:Greenwood Publishing Group 2575:Fertility rate (per woman) 2398: 2284: 1898: 1506: 1418:Partial return to the U.S. 1412:Working Income Tax Benefit 1107: 908:. Under the leadership of 870:proto-Protestant movements 733:Reformation in Switzerland 720: 691: 462:Mennonite World Conference 253:Nonconformity to the world 5497: 5419: 5368: 5291: 5236: 5211:Brethren in Christ Church 5119: 5068: 4851:, Altona, Manitoba, 1982. 4394:– via bigthink.com. 3558:at deutsche-biographie.de 3347:, Baltimore 1974, p. 112. 3276:, Baltimore 1974, p. 100. 2974:, Nashville, 2015, p. 12. 2728:The Valley of All Utopias 2513: 2206: 2169:— 1537:Governance and leadership 1337: 1124:, altogether 55 persons. 133: 128: 121: 116: 109: 104: 72: 67: 60: 55: 43: 38: 26: 5531:Anabaptist denominations 5489:Samuel Heinrich Fröhlich 5206:Old Order River Brethren 4963:, Altona, Manitoba 2008. 4834:, Goshen, Indiana, 1931. 3408:Smith, C. Henry (1981). 3237:, Baltimore 1974, p. 78. 3133:, Baltimore 1974, p. 63. 3120:, Baltimore 1974, p. 61. 3107:, Baltimore 1974, p. 31. 3068:, Baltimore 1974, p. 13. 3055:, Baltimore 1974, p. 12. 1320:Joseph and Michael Hofer 802: 5507:Christianity portal 5152:Conservative Mennonites 4738:Internet Movie Database 4191:"Bruderhof Communities" 4053:Esau, Alvin J. (2006). 3858:London Evening Standard 3395:March 25, 2009, at the 3224:, Volume 2, pp. 273-274 3081:, Baltimore 1974, p. 8. 1991:Supreme Court of Canada 1966:Supreme Court of Canada 1808:Alberta Court of Appeal 1731:private branch exchange 1466:(original German title 1359:Communal Properties Act 1344:conscientious objectors 643:intentional communities 568:Christianity portal 452:Conservative Mennonites 232:Doctrines and practices 175:A 1685 illustration by 33:Hutterite women at work 5299:Theology of Anabaptism 5261:Schleitheim Confession 5076:Protestant Reformation 4699:"Letter to John Fahey" 4363:"Hutterites in Canada" 3556:Ambrosius Spittelmaier 3378:July 27, 2009, at the 2749:come out of the closet 2523:Birth rate (per 1000) 2077: 2037:the conditions of the 2033: 1885:Christian headcovering 1869: 1754: 1707: 1670: 1519: 1485:Schleitheim Confession 1468: 1404: 1306: 1305:Michael Hofer – Martyr 1267: 1258: 1248: 1234: 1139: 1129: 1038: 993: 941: 833:on September 6, 1529. 713: 705: 654:Schleitheim Confession 617: 608: 321:Schleitheim Confession 238:Theology of Anabaptism 5536:Ethnoreligious groups 4921:, Hanover, NH, 1999. 4796:Rudolf Wolkan (ed.): 4432:June 9, 2021, at the 3967:on September 10, 2015 3616:10.1056/NEJMoa1508749 3477:"Geographic Location" 2851:10.4324/9780203832639 2819:Walter v Alberta (AG) 2678:) and Will Chandler ( 2143:Historical population 2039:Homestead Act of 1862 2031: 1925:Transylvanian Landler 1867: 1783:Bruderhof Communities 1752: 1701: 1668: 1514: 1456:Old Colony Mennonites 1399: 1304: 1254:Homestead Act of 1862 1232: 1025:(today Vințu de Jos, 960:allies and sold into 793:Ambrosius Spittelmayr 751:on January 21, 1525, 745:Swiss Reformed Church 711: 699: 477:Old Colony Mennonites 5244:German Peasants' War 5147:Old Order Mennonites 4907:), Baltimore, 2001. 3802:The Spokesman-Review 3647:Esau, Alvin (2004). 2503:Owa Hutterite Colony 2456:United States (134) 2066:Owa Hutterite Colony 1704:Martinsdale, Montana 1702:Hutterite colony in 1565:improve this article 1452:Old Order Mennonites 1244:Mennonite delegation 1053:In 1756, a group of 973:Emperor Ferdinand II 954:Ottoman Turkish army 918:Acts of the Apostles 813:German Peasants' War 700:Spread of the early 678:communities of goods 497:Schwarzenau Brethren 482:Old Order Mennonites 437:Apostolic Christians 326:Dordrecht Confession 5314:Freedom of religion 5309:Christian communism 5081:Radical Reformation 4872:, Baltimore, 2010. 4761:. The Daily Bonnet. 4708:– via Scribd. 4386:. November 23, 2021 3991:Great Falls Tribune 3343:John A. Hostetler: 3311:John A. Hostetler: 3298:John A. Hostetler: 3285:John A. Hostetler: 3272:John A. Hostetler: 3259:John A. Hostetler: 3246:John A. Hostetler: 3233:John A. Hostetler: 3181:John A. Hostetler: 3168:John A. Hostetler: 3155:John A. Hostetler: 3129:John A. Hostetler: 3116:John A. Hostetler: 3103:John A. Hostetler: 3090:John A. Hostetler: 3077:John A. Hostetler: 3064:John A. Hostetler: 3051:John A. Hostetler: 3038:Werner O. Packull: 3025:Werner O. Packull: 3012:Werner O. Packull: 2983:John A. Hostetler: 2886:The Reformation Era 2780:Christianity portal 2701:Armin Mueller-Stahl 2577: 2524: 2459:Schmiedeleut (69): 2323: 2226: 2144: 2016:. More recently in 1806:. In May 2007, the 1645:Community ownership 1460:Anabaptist theology 1389:Section 143 of the 862:religious tolerance 856:Moravia and Hungary 755:(c. 1498–1526) and 741:Radical Reformation 712:Bill of impeachment 639:Radical Reformation 268:Freedom of religion 220:Sermon on the Mount 215:Radical Reformation 193:in the present-day 23: 5459:Balthasar Hubmaier 5381:Believer's baptism 5278:Old Order Movement 5157:Russian Mennonites 4953:, Helena, MT 2003. 4949:Lisa Marie Stahl: 4897:Donald B. Kraybill 4844:, Baltimore, 1974. 4813:Robert Friedmann: 4341:Hutterite colonies 3934:37 (July 24, 2009) 3733:on April 10, 2008. 3574:Palgrave Macmillan 3459:, pp. 18–49 at 19. 3432:Stoltzfus, Duane. 3220:Johannes Waldner: 3207:Johannes Waldner: 3142:Johannes Waldner: 2798:Christian pacifism 2663:American Southwest 2631:Depiction in media 2573: 2522: 2321: 2224: 2142: 2034: 1905:Pennsylvania Dutch 1870: 1817:identity documents 1813:Second Commandment 1755: 1708: 1671: 1651:community of goods 1520: 1497:Christian pacifism 1491:, a belief in the 1370:and Saskatchewan. 1307: 1235: 1055:Crypto-Protestants 761:Balthasar Hubmaier 714: 706: 658:community of goods 621:), are a communal 618:Hutterische Brüder 613:Hutterian Brethren 492:Russian Mennonites 472:Mennonite Brethren 442:Brethren in Christ 374:Balthasar Hubmaier 243:Believer's baptism 21: 5513: 5512: 5464:Bernhard Rothmann 5304:Church discipline 5249:Münster rebellion 5111:Congregationalism 4951:My Hutterite Life 4938:Michael Holzach: 4933:Personal accounts 4842:Hutterite Society 4838:John A. Hostetler 4657:. Society Matters 4107:978-0-7735-4327-0 4085:. April 10, 2013. 4011:. April 13, 2018. 3697:Peter, K (1987). 3345:Hutterite Society 3313:Hutterite Society 3300:Hutterite Society 3287:Hutterite Society 3274:Hutterite Society 3261:Hutterite Society 3248:Hutterite Society 3235:Hutterite Society 3183:Hutterite Society 3170:Hutterite Society 3157:Hutterite Society 3131:Hutterite Society 3118:Hutterite Society 3105:Hutterite Society 3092:Hutterite Society 3079:Hutterite Society 3066:Hutterite Society 3053:Hutterite Society 2985:Hutterite Society 2972:The Baptist Story 2860:978-0-203-83263-9 2697:Patricia Arquette 2628: 2627: 2571: 2570: 2481:Dariusleut (21): 2474:Lehrerleut (44): 2392: 2391: 2267: 2266: 2211: 2210: 1935:As part of their 1804:driver's licenses 1724:Use of technology 1661:Daughter colonies 1597: 1596: 1589: 1067:Southern Bavarian 1063:Habsburg monarchy 966:Thirty Years' War 789:Leonhard Schiemer 602: 601: 540:Inspirationalists 509:Related movements 148: 147: 5563: 5505: 5504: 5386:Closed communion 5179:Amish Mennonites 5106:Zwickau prophets 5101:German mysticism 5055: 5048: 5041: 5032: 5031: 5017: 5016: 5014:Official website 4886:, Regina, 2012. 4804:Johannes Waldner 4763: 4762: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4561: 4557: 4555: 4547: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4468: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4359: 4346: 4345: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4050: 4041: 4040: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3963:, archived from 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3834:on April 7, 2022 3830:. 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Janzen: 4824: 4822:Scholarly works 4781:Peter Riedemann 4777: 4772: 4770:Further reading 4767: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4682: 4680: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4584: 4582: 4575: 4571: 4559: 4558: 4549: 4548: 4536: 4522: 4518: 4508: 4506: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4469: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4439: 4434:Wayback Machine 4425: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4349: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4223: 4222:. 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Janzen, 3355: 3351: 3342: 3338: 3326: 3319: 3310: 3306: 3297: 3293: 3284: 3280: 3271: 3267: 3258: 3254: 3245: 3241: 3232: 3228: 3219: 3215: 3206: 3202: 3193: 3189: 3180: 3176: 3167: 3163: 3154: 3150: 3141: 3137: 3128: 3124: 3115: 3111: 3102: 3098: 3089: 3085: 3076: 3072: 3063: 3059: 3050: 3046: 3037: 3033: 3024: 3020: 3011: 3007: 2995: 2991: 2982: 2978: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2941: 2937: 2924: 2923: 2910: 2900: 2892:. p. 147. 2882: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2778: 2771: 2768: 2744:Queer Hutterite 2633: 2584:Fertility rate 2574: 2534:South Dakotans 2516: 2403: 2397: 2289: 2140: 2100:Bright, Ontario 2085:Eberhard Arnold 2026: 1941:Peter Riedemann 1933: 1901: 1862: 1849:Huffington Post 1800: 1764: 1747: 1726: 1696: 1663: 1647: 1593: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1562: 1550: 1539: 1518:Limestone House 1509: 1474:Peter Riedemann 1444: 1420: 1340: 1259:Gemeinschaftler 1240: 1110: 1075: 1011:Gabriel Bethlen 1007: 962:Ottoman slavery 872:and upheavals ( 858: 805: 725: 719: 694: 611:), also called 598: 560: 555: 554: 530:Radical Pietism 510: 502: 501: 427: 419: 418: 409:Michael Sattler 399:Pilgram Marpeck 354:George Blaurock 349: 341: 340: 316: 308: 307: 233: 225: 224: 205: 197: 179:, published in 139:Standard German 50: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5569: 5559: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5511: 5510: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5484:Alexander Mack 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5425: 5423: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5362: 5359:Sola scriptura 5355: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5319:Great Apostasy 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5255:Martyrs Mirror 5251: 5246: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5228:Peace churches 5225: 5220: 5215: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5201:River Brethren 5198: 5193: 5191:Schwenkfelders 5188: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5161: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5127:Swiss Brethren 5123: 5121: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5091:Petr Chelčický 5088: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5058: 5057: 5050: 5043: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5007: 5006:External links 5004: 5003: 5002: 4997:Samuel Hofer: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4988: 4981: 4969: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4961:I Am Hutterite 4954: 4947: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4915: 4903:, (co-author: 4894: 4880: 4866: 4852: 4845: 4835: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4811: 4801: 4794: 4788: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4750: 4725: 4711: 4690: 4668: 4646: 4623: 4601: 4592: 4569: 4560:|journal= 4534: 4516: 4494: 4487: 4460: 4448: 4437: 4419: 4397: 4375: 4347: 4333: 4308: 4283: 4258: 4233: 4207: 4182: 4157: 4146: 4135: 4124: 4113: 4106: 4088: 4070: 4064:978-0774811170 4063: 4042: 4032: 4014: 3996: 3977: 3948: 3936: 3913: 3901: 3889: 3871: 3845: 3815: 3788: 3762: 3736: 3718: 3711: 3689: 3682: 3664: 3657: 3639: 3610:(5): 411–421. 3589: 3582: 3560: 3548: 3526: 3504: 3482: 3461: 3442: 3425: 3418: 3400: 3383: 3366: 3349: 3336: 3317: 3304: 3291: 3278: 3265: 3252: 3239: 3226: 3213: 3200: 3187: 3174: 3161: 3148: 3135: 3122: 3109: 3096: 3083: 3070: 3057: 3044: 3031: 3018: 3005: 2989: 2976: 2963: 2953: 2935: 2908: 2898: 2873: 2859: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2803:Peace churches 2800: 2795: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2767: 2764: 2692:Holy Matrimony 2680:Frank Converse 2648:The Hutterites 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2479: 2472: 2454: 2453: 2452: 2438: 2428: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2330:2020 estimate 2328: 2283: 2282: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2222: 2221: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2124: 2104: 2103: 2094:, also called 2088: 2073: 2025: 2022: 1978:Hofer v. Hofer 1970:Hofer v. Hofer 1932: 1929: 1900: 1897: 1861: 1858: 1841:The Hutterites 1830:identity theft 1799: 1796: 1763: 1762:Major branches 1760: 1746: 1743: 1725: 1722: 1695: 1692: 1662: 1659: 1646: 1643: 1617:crop insurance 1595: 1594: 1553: 1551: 1544: 1538: 1535: 1508: 1505: 1472:), written by 1443: 1440: 1419: 1416: 1391:Income Tax Act 1339: 1336: 1239: 1236: 1198:Johann Cornies 1118:Russian Empire 1109: 1106: 1074: 1071: 1006: 1003: 977:Bubonic plague 904:, Austria and 874:Czech Brethren 857: 854: 804: 801: 797:Jakob Widemann 785:Hans Schlaffer 721:Main article: 718: 715: 693: 690: 684:and the upper 682:Western Canada 623:ethnoreligious 600: 599: 597: 596: 589: 582: 574: 571: 570: 557: 556: 553: 552: 550:Neo-Anabaptism 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 515:Schwenkfelders 511: 508: 507: 504: 503: 500: 499: 494: 489: 487:River Brethren 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 428: 426:Largest groups 425: 424: 421: 420: 417: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 389:Alexander Mack 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 350: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 336:Martyrs Mirror 333: 328: 323: 317: 314: 313: 310: 309: 306: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 234: 231: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 217: 212: 206: 203: 202: 199: 198: 182:Martyrs Mirror 174: 166: 165: 159: 158: 146: 145: 131: 130: 126: 125: 119: 118: 114: 113: 107: 106: 102: 101: 70: 69: 65: 64: 58: 57: 53: 52: 41: 40: 36: 35: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5568: 5557: 5556:Simple living 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5508: 5503: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5434:Conrad Grebel 5432: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5411:Simple living 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5334:Nonresistance 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5290: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5044: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5009: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4992:Further books 4987:Manitoba 2016 4986: 4983:Kelly Hofer: 4982: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4962: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4928: 4927:9780874519303 4924: 4920: 4916: 4914: 4913:9780801870897 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4892:9780889773585 4889: 4885: 4881: 4879: 4878:9780801894893 4875: 4871: 4867: 4865: 4864:9780888641083 4861: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4817:, Wien, 1965. 4816: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4760: 4754: 4739: 4735: 4734:"Walk a Mile" 4729: 4721: 4715: 4704:September 16, 4700: 4694: 4683:September 16, 4678: 4672: 4661:September 16, 4656: 4650: 4639:September 16, 4634: 4627: 4616:September 16, 4611: 4605: 4596: 4585:September 16, 4580: 4573: 4565: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4535:9780801870897 4531: 4527: 4520: 4509:September 16, 4504: 4498: 4490: 4488:9780801870897 4484: 4481:. JHU Press. 4480: 4479: 4477: 4467: 4465: 4457: 4452: 4446: 4441: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4423: 4412:September 17, 4407: 4401: 4385: 4379: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4342: 4337: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4272: 4268: 4262: 4247: 4246:www.bbc.co.uk 4243: 4237: 4221: 4217: 4211: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4150: 4139: 4128: 4117: 4109: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4074: 4066: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4047: 4039: 4035: 4033:9780801899256 4029: 4025: 4018: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3992: 3988: 3981: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3952: 3945: 3940: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3922: 3917: 3910: 3905: 3898: 3893: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3875: 3859: 3855: 3849: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3819: 3803: 3799: 3792: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3714: 3712:0-7748-1116-1 3708: 3703: 3702: 3693: 3685: 3683:9780801899256 3679: 3675: 3668: 3660: 3658:0-7748-1116-1 3654: 3650: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3593: 3585: 3583:9781403982230 3579: 3575: 3571: 3564: 3557: 3552: 3546:(2018‑05‑31). 3545: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3531: 3514: 3508: 3492: 3486: 3478: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3458: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3439: 3436:. Baltimore: 3435: 3429: 3421: 3419:0-87303-069-9 3415: 3411: 3404: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3346: 3340: 3333: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3314: 3308: 3301: 3295: 3288: 3282: 3275: 3269: 3262: 3256: 3249: 3243: 3236: 3230: 3223: 3217: 3210: 3204: 3197: 3194:John Horsch: 3191: 3184: 3178: 3171: 3165: 3158: 3152: 3145: 3139: 3132: 3126: 3119: 3113: 3106: 3100: 3093: 3087: 3080: 3074: 3067: 3061: 3054: 3048: 3041: 3035: 3028: 3022: 3015: 3009: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2986: 2980: 2973: 2967: 2960: 2956: 2954:9780791440025 2950: 2946: 2939: 2932: 2927: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2899:9780313318436 2895: 2891: 2887: 2880: 2878: 2866:September 20, 2862: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2845:. Routledge. 2844: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2814: 2813:Simple living 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2770: 2763: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2731: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2710:aired on the 2709: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2687:Leonard Nimoy 2683: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2666: 2664: 2659: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2637:49th Parallel 2623: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2511: 2504: 2500: 2499: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2409:Canada (347) 2408: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2325: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2303:and seven in 2302: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2281:United States 2280: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2228: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2155: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2081: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2030: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1931:In the courts 1928: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1875: 1866: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1850: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1795: 1791: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1751: 1742: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1721: 1718: 1712: 1705: 1700: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1602: 1591: 1588: 1580: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1554:This section 1552: 1548: 1543: 1542: 1534: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1517: 1513: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1312: 1303: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1287: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1238:United States 1231: 1227: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1207: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1190:Neu-Huttertal 1187: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1133:) to that of 1131: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1002: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 978: 974: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 946: 943: 938: 937:Upper Hungary 932: 930: 929:nonresistance 925: 923: 922:2 Corinthians 919: 916:books of the 915: 914:New Testament 911: 907: 903: 897: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 853: 851: 848:and taken to 847: 843: 838: 834: 832: 827: 826:Puster Valley 821: 818: 814: 810: 800: 798: 794: 790: 786: 783:(1490–1527), 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 757:Jörg Blaurock 754: 753:Conrad Grebel 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 724: 710: 703: 698: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 674:North America 671: 667: 663: 662:nonresistance 659: 655: 651: 646: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 619: 614: 610: 606: 595: 590: 588: 583: 581: 576: 575: 573: 572: 569: 564: 559: 558: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 512: 506: 505: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 429: 423: 422: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 404:Melchior Rink 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 364:Conrad Grebel 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 351: 345: 344: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 319: 318: 312: 311: 304: 303:Simple living 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 258:Nonresistance 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 241: 239: 236: 235: 229: 228: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 207: 201: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 183: 178: 172: 168: 167: 164: 161: 160: 156: 152: 151: 144: 140: 136: 132: 127: 124: 120: 115: 112: 108: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 74:North America 71: 66: 63: 59: 54: 42: 37: 30: 25: 19: 5479:Jakob Ammann 5474:Menno Simons 5469:Dirk Philips 5454:Jakob Hutter 5391:Foot washing 5357: 5270: 5253: 5186:Abecedarians 5174:Beachy Amish 5137:Batenburgers 5131: 4998: 4984: 4977: 4974:Kristin Capp 4960: 4950: 4943: 4939: 4918: 4900: 4883: 4869: 4855: 4854:Karl Peter: 4848: 4847:John Hofer: 4841: 4831: 4814: 4807: 4797: 4784: 4753: 4741:. 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