Hurricane Audrey - Knowledge

341:. Damages from offshore oil facilities alone was estimated at $ 16 million. Audrey caused much of its destruction near the border between Texas and Louisiana. The hurricane's strong winds resulted in widespread property and infrastructural damage. Power outages also resulted from the strong winds. However, as is typical with most landfalling tropical cyclones, most of the destruction at the coast was the result of the hurricane's strong storm surge, which was amplified by Audrey's rapid strengthening just prior to landfall. The storm surge was reported to have peaked as high as 12 ft (3.7 m), inundating coastal areas. Damage from the surge alone extended 25 mi (40 km) inland. The rough seas killed nine people offshore after capsizing the boat they were in. Further inland in Louisiana, the storm spawned two 1510:

night before Audrey made landfall. The family was awoken the following morning by water flooding their house, forcing them to climb onto their roof; the winds and rising water killed all in Bartie's family except Whitney. Whitney's claim was two-pronged, with the first point alleging that the Weather Bureau was negligent in their warnings, and the second alleging that despite experiencing the full brunt of the storm, Weather Bureau advisories advising the evacuation of those at lower elevations did not implicate him; Whitney sought $ 360,000 in damages from the federal government. A hurricane expert testifying for the Weather Bureau suggested that Audrey's deviation from the forecast path were as accurate as could be expected; at the time, the track error on a

1423: 29: 1612: 5463: 4754: 4703: 4670: 4390: 4331: 4269: 4167: 4134: 4101: 4068: 4001: 3968: 3646: 3442: 3409: 3375: 3336: 3299: 3257: 3223: 3189: 3156: 3123: 3090: 3057: 3019: 2986: 2953: 2883: 2657: 2624: 2591: 2529: 2488: 2452: 2419: 2378: 2342: 2228: 2188: 2150: 2039: 1960: 1874: 1785: 899: 697: 192: 1484:(NHRP) to investigate a major tropical cyclone inundation event since the organization's inception in 1954. After investigating the extent of the surge, the NHRP concluded that despite the abundant availability of storm tide observations, a lack of inland information prevented a detailed reconstruction of Audrey's surge; such data would help inform local emergency decisions and improve surge forecasting. Following the guidance of the NHRP, the Weather Bureau began installing additional tide recorders along the coast after Hurricane Audrey. 1307:, resulting in minor wind damage. Rainfall in these states produced minor flooding along streams and low-lying farmland, exacerbated by antecedent rainfall that had saturated the soil. Across Tennessee, property or crop damage associated with strong winds was reported in eleven counties, with property damage mostly being inflicted on roofs, trees, power lines, TV antennas, and other minor structures; one death and three injuries were linked to these winds. An F1 tornado destroyed a saw mill, a barn, and several other buildings near 1598: 6850: 5576: 5392: 1192: 471: 6860: 5404: 1050:

inland, resulting in over 1.6 million acres (6,500 km) of land flooded by either storm surge or river flooding. In Cameron, tides peaked at 10.6 ft (3.2 m) above mean sea level, with some waves reaching as high as 10 ft (3.0 m) atop the high water. Tides exceeded 12 ft (3.7 m) for a 24 mi (39 km) stretch of the Louisiana coastline, peaking at 12.4 ft (3.8 m) just west of Cameron. Four

402: 481: 491: 1999: 1463:; damage in the refuge set back management and development plans for the area by two years. Other plants intolerant to saltwater sustained a four-year decrease in productivity. Nutria, muskrat, raccoon, rabbit, and deer populations experienced 60% mortality, while mink and otters fared comparatively better. All animal nests were swept away by either the rough surf or strong winds. 1016:

by flying debris, as were high-rise windows in Port Arthur. At least 50 homes on the Bolivar Peninsula were flattened. Most roofs on the peninsula sustained substantial damage. The most severe damage on the peninsula occurred in and around Gilchrist, where the majority of destroyed homes were located. On the southern end of the Bolivar Peninsula, the effects of Audrey in

4724: (5th Cir. 1964) ("This appeal is from a judgment in favor of the defendant, United States of America, in a negligence action brought by the plaintiff, Bartie, under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C.A. §§ 1346(b), 2674 et seq., for damages for the death of his wife and children as a result of Hurricane Audrey on June 27, 1957."). 1525:. The court ruled that the Weather Bureau failed to convey the urgency of the situation to those on the coast in their warnings, but asserted that evacuation orders were not within the duties of the Weather Bureau. The case was dismissed on the grounds that the claim was barred by the discretionary function and misrepresentation exception in the 1110:. Dead cattle, alligators, snakes, nutria, and muskrats were also deposited in the waterway, blocking segments of the canal; an estimated 40,000–50,000 head of cattle perished, primarily by drowning. Several ships were carried well inland, causing damage; two 50 ft (15 m) long fishing boats were deposited on Cameron's Main Street ( 1223:, damaging several homes; one of the tornadoes was an F2 tornado that tracked 23.2 mi (37.3 km) and was 440 yd (400 m) wide, making it both the longest-tracked and widest tornado caused by Hurricane Audrey. Another F2 tornado near Evergreen also swept up fish and crayfish, causing them to fall from the sky. Strong winds in 1446:

Audrey's storm surge on the Louisiana coastline began receding 10 hours after the storm struck, with the ocean returning to normal levels in around 1.5 days. Despite the brief period of submersion, the morphology of the coast changed significantly; about 50% of the coast had retreated

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Saltwater inundation was particularly damaging to rice, while strong winds blew down corn and heavy rains flooded cotton fields; these were the main crop losses attributed to Audrey. In Louisiana, preliminary estimates of crop damage reached $ 5 million. Forests were also heavily impacted, with

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capsized, though all crew survived. Damage to offshore oil facilities caused by Audrey reached $ 16 million, though one offshore trade journal remarked that "the industry has scored an overwhelming though costly victory" due to the lack of industry-related fatalities and small extent of damage

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fared comparatively better than the Bolivar Peninsula but nonetheless sustained some impacts. Some beachfront establishments in Galveston were demolished by the strong winds and storm surge. The rough surf also washed out some segments of Galveston beaches, exacerbated by a local practice of digging

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Portions of eastern Texas were analyzed to have experienced high-end Category 2 conditions as Audrey made landfall just east of the state. Winds reached 72 mph (116 km/h) in Port Arthur and 78 mph (126 km/h) in Galveston. Plate glass windows in downtown Galveston were broken

1295:, where wind damage was light but widespread. Peaches were blown down from trees and corn was blown over. Falling trees and branches damaged homes and disrupted electric and telecommunication services. Tracking farther inland, the weakening storm brought gusts of up to 50 mph (80 km/h) to 1049:

Hurricane Audrey's strong winds generated rough seas offshore Louisiana, with wave heights of 40–50 ft (12–15 m) occurring in the Gulf of Mexico. At the coast, tides ran 5–9 ft (1.5–2.7 m) above normal, inundating low-lying areas and penetrating as far as 20 mi (32 km)

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the United States federal government, asserting that the United States Weather Bureau had failed to give proper and accurate warning on Audrey and its effects. Bartie and his family had concluded that there was no need to evacuate following a 10:00 p.m. CST news broadcast on June 26—the

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to have lacked a sense of urgency or emergency. The warnings advised the evacuation of "low or exposed areas," but many inland residents at an elevation of 7–8 ft (2.1–2.4 m) did not consider themselves to be at a low elevation. In addition, newly elected city officials in Lake Charles,

1346:, where over 3 in (76 mm) of rain quickly fell. Another three drowned in Indiana, in addition to the inundation of over 1,000 homes and 125 businesses. Flooding washed away roughly 500,000 acres (200,000 hectares) of crops and destroyed highway and railroad bridges. An 18-car 1105:

were irreparably damaged. Nearly every home in Lake Charles sustained some degree of damage. The city of Cameron sustained the most damage, and 371 people in and around the city perished. The city courthouse, where Cameron residents sought refuge, remained the only building left standing in

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with winds of 125 mph (200 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 946 mbar (hPa; 28.61 inHg). An oil rig observed conditions that suggested a much stronger storm with winds of 180 mph (290 km/h) and a pressure of 925 mbar (hPa; 27.32 inHg), but those were

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after attempting to upright a utility pole, bringing the number of fatalities in the state to two. The total cost of damage in the state was $ 9 million, and 50,000 homes sustained some form of damage. Loss of crops in Mississippi totaled $ 2 million with corn, cotton, hay, and

1242:, winds and tidal action caused some damage. However, the most severe damage in Mississippi occurred in a band stretching from the southwestern to northeastern corner of the state. Four tornadoes touched down in Mississippi resulting in slightly over $ 500,000 in damage. An F2 tornado in 906:

The Weather Bureau initially estimated that the death toll from Audrey was over 500, with the cost of damage estimated between $ 150–200 million. Other estimates indicated that the death toll amounted to 390, including 263 identified and 127 unidentified persons. An additional

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for four days due to dangerous river currents and downed trees blocking roads. One boy drowned and a firefighter died due to the storm, while three other people died in Ontario due to traffic accidents. In neighboring Quebec, the remnants of Audrey were considered the worst storm in about

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area, making Audrey the deadliest hurricane to strike the Canadian province in recorded history. The storm was also considered the worst storm to strike Quebec in at least 20 years. In the United States, Audrey killed at least 416 people, the majority of whom were in

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as the Weather Bureau's warnings were based on subjective judgements and errors were unintentional; thus, Hunter ruled that Whitney had failed to establish negligence on the part of the Weather Bureau. Following the dismissal, Whitney appealed the case to the

1033:, homes were damaged by falling trees felled by strong winds. Power and other utility lines were also downed, leaving only connectivity for emergency telephones and cutting most power to the city. Fifteen people were injured while one was killed in Orange. At 1369:. Damage in Pennsylvania was limited to the state's western regions and confined primarily to the downing of trees, powerlines, and the loss of some roofs. One person was killed by lightning while another was injured by a falling tree. Areas of New York near 1477:, with the parish having a higher evacuation rate (96%) than any other location surveyed in the aftermath of Carla despite being at the edge of the warning area; however, the relevance of the so-called "Audrey effect" in the Carla evacuations is disputed. 715:, had issued its first experimental 30-day hurricane forecast on June 17, underscoring a high likelihood for the development of one or two tropical storms in the forecast period. The first bulletin on Audrey was issued by the Weather Bureau office in 1254:

plant in the western side of the city and hospitalized six people, with another four suffering minor injuries; damage from that tornado was estimated between $ 100,000–$ 300,000. Another F2 tornado destroyed a grocery store and several large buildings in

1093:. Communities along coastal Louisiana near the point of landfall were completely destroyed, with 4,500 homes considered destroyed or irreparably damaged and another 100,000 sustaining varying degrees of lesser damage. In some towns west of the 1267:, clocking at 52 mph (84 km/h). Mississippi's southwestern regions saw the heaviest rainfall in the state from Audrey, with rainfall totals ranging from 4–6 in (100–150 mm). Heavy rains caused minor flooding along the banks of the 592:

over the eastern Gulf of Mexico, the storm's strengthening slowed on June 26, though reconnaissance revealed an increase in the storm's rainfall. The following day, Audrey entered a second phase of intensification as it accelerated towards the

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report on the most impactful tropical cyclones in the United States lists Audrey as having caused at least 416 fatalities, with an additional 15 killed in Canada. Audrey was the deadliest hurricane to strike the United States since the

1183:. In total, damage from Hurricane Audrey in Louisiana amounted to $ 120 million. An estimated 400 people lost their lives in the state, accounting for most of the deaths attributed to Audrey, while another 1,000 were injured. 884:

Louisiana, edited warnings and advisories disseminated by a local radio broadcast, tailoring the bulletins to local residents by trimming details deemed irrelevant and possibly resulting in a hesitance to evacuate until it was too late.

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In Galveston, the storm surge swelled to a height of 6.2 ft (1.9 m) above mean sea level; the total expanse of coast that saw tides higher than 6 ft (1.8 m) spanned 330 mi (530 km). The surge topped the

1219:, damaging or destroying 60 buildings including some of the facilities at Lomax-Hannon Junior College; damage from that tornado alone was estimated to be as high as $ 300,000. Three tornadoes struck in the vicinity of 1037:, 7.35 in (187 mm) of rain fell on June 27, setting a daily rainfall record. The monetary cost of Audrey's damage in Texas totaled $ 8 million, with a conservative estimate of $ 1.5 million for 1442:

in Lake Charles until they could be permanently resettled. Statues were erected in honor of those killed by Audrey in southwestern Louisiana, including Highland Memorial Park in Lake Charles where 33 were buried.

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infestation were disrupted, leading to a resurgence in boll weevils following the hurricane. The highest rainfall associated with Audrey fell in Louisiana, where 10.63 in (270 mm) were recorded just west of

1377:. The winds raised the water level in the lake 3 ft (90 cm) above normal, damaging small boats. The rise in Lake Ontario also damaged sightseeing facilities and river docks downstream of the 1008:, and the city's fishing pier sustained $ 5,000 in damage after being struck by a loose barge. Two oil barges spanning 105 ft (32 m) were moved 2.5 mi (4.0 km) inland north of 1057:

lost their anchors and went adrift in the rough seas. Some drifting oil tenders also reported gusts reaching 150 mph (240 km/h). A $ 2 million oil rig 15 mi (24 km) east of

360:, causing $ 600,000 in losses and killing one person. As it moved towards the northeast, moisture associated with the extratropical remnants of Audrey intersected with a cold front over the 385:, Louisiana, though the final death total may never be known. Damage totaled $ 147 million in the country, at the time the fifth-costliest hurricane recorded in the US since 1900. The name 368:. The resultant flooding killed 10 people. Elsewhere in the United States, the storm brought strong winds that wrought additional damage. Farther north, in Canada, 15 people were killed in 1414:

lost power for several days. Throughout Montreal, there were 10 deaths, nine of which due to traffic accidents. This made Audrey the deadliest tropical cyclone in Quebec on record.

1338:. The rains in Paris, Illinois, contributed to the rainiest June in the city's history and a yearly record rainfall total. Highways in Illinois were submerged for as long as three days. 1518: 1354:, after the bridge it was crossing succumbed to floodwaters. Railroad losses alone accounted for $ 1.2 million of the $ 2.45 million in damage wrought by Audrey in Indiana. 1066:

caused by rough surf stripped away as much as 90 m (300 ft) of beach. Wildlife along the coast was impacted heavily, with marshes stripped entirely of vegetation. Clumps of

580:, reached the system to assess its strength, concluding that Audrey had strengthened into a hurricane on 18:00 UTC that day (1:00 p.m. CST), capping off an initial phase of 352:

After moving inland and transitioning into an extratropical cyclone, Audrey caused additional damage across the interior United States. The storm produced 18 tornadoes across

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In total, approximately 75,000 people evacuated from low-lying areas on the United States Gulf Coast in advance of Audrey. Due to the threat of inundation of the bridge over

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to a lack of proper communication between coastal residents and forecasters. Although the Weather Bureau's advisories and warnings were technically accurate, they were found in

948:, where tides were 3–4 ft (90–120 cm) above normal, a 400 ft (120 m) tanker, a tug, and a few barges washed aground. The surf also washed out a portion of 664:. The interaction of Audrey with this second system led to the merged extratropical cyclone unexpectedly intensifying, producing hurricane-force winds as it moved across the 553:

in the area were at 85 °F (29 °C), or 3 °F (2 °C), which were above normal for the time of year. In addition, the latitudinal alignment of a polar

1171:, recording 10.40 in (264 mm) and 3.69 in (94 mm) on June 27, respectively. Audrey also spawned two tornadoes in Louisiana: the first was an 1025:

holes to sell soil from private beachfront property. Minor power outages knocked out service to some 1,700 telephones, but power was quickly restored. Damage in

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at 00:00 UTC on June 27 (7:00 p.m. CST June 26) and Category 3 status just six hours later. Between the final observation from aircraft and

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by June 27. Although warnings were issued 24 hours before landfall, the acceleration of Audrey as it neared land surprised meteorologists and residents.

1381:; total damage in New York was estimated at between $ 250,000–$ 400,000 and four deaths were reported in the state. Hurricane-force winds extended as far east as 1426:

A meritorious citation awarded by the Louisiana Civil Defense Agency to the Weather Bureau office in Lake Charles, Louisiana in the aftermath of Hurricane Audrey

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was issued for the entirety of the Louisiana coast at 10 a.m. CST on June 26, with the Weather Bureau highlighting similarities in the paths of Audrey and

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completed in 1953 was assessed to have mitigated about $ 100,000 in damage from Audrey. A fish market, crab depot, and a smaller shack were destroyed in

4802: 916:, which killed approximately 2,500, and comparable to all storms affecting the country in the previous decade combined. Nearly all deaths were attributed to 6934: 5435: 1531: 1228: 873:

The high death toll caused by Audrey was partially blamed on the incompleteness of evacuations before the storm made landfall, attributed by meteorologist

1385:, where winds were measured at 80 mph (130 km/h). Across New England, power lines were downed while yachts were driven aground on the coast of 274:, Audrey quickly strengthened, reaching hurricane status a day afterwards. Moving north, it continued to strengthen and accelerate as it approached the 993: 4344: 1565:

A major hurricane is a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of at least 111 mph (179 km/h), or a Category 3 or higher on the

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Cameron. Wood-frame houses were swept by Audrey's storm surge and carried inland several miles from their original locations, with most found on the

672:. As an extratropical system, Audrey reached a minimum pressure of 974 mbar (hPa; 28.76 inHg) roughly 140 mi (230 km) north of 4496: 810:

opened fifteen shelters in Port Arthur which eventually housed 5,000. Four hundred children in church camps in Galveston were evacuated inland to

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Penland, Shea; Connor Jr., Paul F.; Beall, Andrew; Fernley, Sarah; Williams, S. Jeffress (2005). "Changes in Louisiana's Shoreline: 1855–2002".

2803: 1401:, while gusts reached 80 mph (130 km/h). Heavy rainfall in the province washed out roads and rail lines. Six people were trapped in 2771:

The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and Other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts)

1654:(2005) – A Category 5 hurricane that caused major damage as a Category 3 hurricane in southwestern Louisiana and southeastern Texas 818:

equipment and personnel; all civil defense groups in the state were ordered to place key men on 24-hour duty. Evacuation procedures began on

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Audrey gradually weakened and turned to the northeast after moving inland, degenerating to a tropical storm on June 28. An approaching

5605: 2542: 624:. At 13:30 UTC (8:30 a.m. CST) on June 27, Audrey made landfall at peak intensity just east of the border between Texas and 1361:

due to heavy rains and strong winds brought by squalls in Audrey's extratropical remnants. Winds peaked at 65 mph (105 km/h) in

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between Sabine Pass and High Island was submerged. Despite the seawater inundation in some areas of Galveston Island, an extension of the

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The formation and development of Hurricane Audrey was multi-faceted. One contributor to Audrey's formation—an area of anomalously intense

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from New Orleans with medical supplies for affected regions. More than 40,000 people were left homeless, with many were housed at

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before the anemometer blew away, though the highest sustained wind at an official observation site was 96 mph (154 km/h) at

5537: 5525: 5501: 4795: 3794: 2082: 1832: 1741: 1451:. One arc of mud deposited on the coast measured 11,350 ft (3,460 m) in length and 1,000 ft (300 m) in width. In 1211:; a conducive environment over the southern half of the state took shape as Audrey passed to the northwest, resulting in a localized 1085:

roughly 35 mi (56 km) northeast of Audrey's eye as it made landfall. A gust was clocked at 105 mph (169 km/h) in

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on June 26, culminating in the evacuation of 3,400 people; however, 600 people opted to remain in Grand Isle. Most of

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originated from a report from a shrimp boat. The depression was in a highly favorable environment for intensification in the western

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Austin, Diane; Priest, Tyler; Penney, Lauren; Pratt, Joseph; Pulsipher, Allan G.; Abel, Joseph; Taylor, Jennifer (September 2008).

390: 6170: 5477: 4522: 1081:, with strong winds knocking out telecommunications and downing tree limbs. Winds were measured at 88 mph (142 km/h) in 778:. Offshore oil rigs were secured, with hundreds of personnel evacuated by helicopter on June 26, including those operated by 6889: 6884: 6853: 6755: 6743: 6601: 6506: 6489: 6317: 5598: 5579: 1268: 598: 255: 243: 6767: 6394: 6365: 6070: 6029: 5549: 2703: 1246:

destroyed seven homes and caused nine injuries, while an F3 tornado—the strongest caused by Audrey—killed one and injured 10 in

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from rescuing stranded residents in the city and nearby areas after dispatching a helicopter and some lifeboats. Further east,

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with a final pressure of 995 mbar (hPa; 29.38 inHg). At the same time, a second extratropical cyclone developed near

634: 6323: 6259: 6229: 6223: 6188: 6117: 5987: 5958: 5940: 5922: 5875: 5798: 5780: 5774: 5756: 5744: 5726: 5680: 5674: 5662: 5650: 4775: 1660:(2020) – A devastating Category 4 hurricane that caused widespread destruction across western Louisiana and eastern Texas 6929: 6779: 6311: 6182: 6158: 6111: 6088: 6005: 5975: 5946: 5857: 5851: 5839: 5833: 5821: 5815: 5792: 5786: 5750: 5732: 5709: 5686: 5656: 3519: 1280:

unharvested oats heavily damaged. As was the case in Louisiana, boll weevil poisoning efforts were thwarted in Mississippi.

1114:) while an offshore oil rig destroyed four fuel storage tanks as it was moved onshore. Strong winds initially prevented the 728: 638: 534: 719:, at 04:30 UTC on June 25 (11:30 p.m. CST June 24), while Audrey was still a tropical depression in the 6924: 6894: 5396: 4788: 4770: 1422: 1231:, winds damaged a number of homes and injured several people. Gusts in the state peaked at 71 mph (114 km/h) in 660:

and tracked eastward. Six hours later, the remnants of Audrey were absorbed by this second extratropical cyclone over the

1481: 1101:, Audrey destroyed or displaced 60–80% of homes, while between 90 and 95% of all buildings overall in Cameron and nearby 815: 3480:"History of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry in Southern Louisiana, Volume I: Papers on the Evolving Offshore Industry" 1342:

in central Indiana led to the closure of 17 highways. Two women drowned after a bus was swept off one highway near

826:, was evacuated, while the remaining sought refuge in the town's courthouse and other structures. Red Cross shelters in 214:

was one of the deadliest hurricanes in U.S. history, killing at least 416 people as it devastated the southwestern

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The destruction wrought by Audrey on Cameron, Louisiana, was credited as contributing to the successful evacuation of

6939: 1163:; most of the heaviest rainfall occurred east of Audrey's center of circulation. Daily rainfall records were set in 6899: 3479: 1034: 376:. Strong winds and torrential rainfall disrupted transportation services. In Quebec, ten people were killed in the 4404: 3520:"Hurricane Impacts on Coastal Wetlands: A Half-Century Record of Storm-Generated Features from Southern Louisiana" 1480:

The extensive storm surge caused by the hurricane represented the first research opportunity for the newly formed

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between Corpus Christi Pass and Packery Channel. Another person drowned in the rough surf off the Texas coast. At

6914: 6909: 6164: 5934: 2780:(NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS TPC-1). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 7 795: 3926: 2737: 1769: 6919: 5452: 3662: 2837: 2713: 1566: 1474: 874: 736: 685: 318:, later that day, causing unprecedented destruction across the region. Once inland, Audrey weakened and turned 259: 223: 202: 2109: 6076: 3821: 3706: 1911: 1272: 345:, causing additional damage. Audrey also dropped heavy rainfall, peaking at 10.63 in (270 mm) near 1859: 743:, residents to evacuate. At the same time, northwest storm warnings were issued for the Texas coast east of 6904: 4721: 4690:. Vol. 80, no. 171. Alexandria, Louisiana. United Press International. October 6, 1962. p. 8 1542: 1147: 1139: 5420: 3851: 6176: 5999: 5084: 1452: 1102: 633:

at the time of landfall, resulting in two wind maxima. Operationally, Audrey was assessed to have been a

613:). The last observation near the storm's center occurred approximately five hours before landfall by the 517:

meteorologist William H. Klein noted the potential for research on similar disturbances to shed light on

231: 156: 4598: 3709:(Report). Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin. Vol. 44. Washington, D.C.: United States Weather Bureau 2365:. Vol. 62, no. 17. Corsicana, Texas. International News Service. June 26, 1957. pp. 1, 10 1434:

were quickly dispatched for the Cameron area in search for survivors. The Coast Guard also dispatched a

6141: 6129: 5993: 5916: 5703: 4972: 2940:. Vol. 47, no. 303. Corpus Christi, Texas. The Corpus Christi Times. June 27, 1957. p. 1 1382: 839: 814:. A public shelter program was established for Louisiana evacuees by the state civil defense, invoking 665: 565:

in the upper-levels of the atmosphere. Taking advantage of these conditions, Audrey intensified into a

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Summary of Audrey's impacts at landfall showing the extent of seawater inundation, winds, and rainfall

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at landfall, with various estimation methods suggesting a much lower barometric pressure, however the

6791: 6329: 6064: 6058: 6023: 5952: 5898: 5768: 5023: 4957: 3533:. West Palm Beach, Florida: JSTOR; Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act: 27–43. 2811: 1984: 1701: 1674: 1467: 1431: 1402: 1243: 1151: 1115: 949: 913: 630: 382: 4753: 4702: 4669: 4463: 4389: 4330: 4318:. Vol. 62, no. 19. Corsicana, Texas. International News Service. June 27, 1957. p. 11 4268: 4166: 4133: 4100: 4067: 4000: 3967: 3645: 3441: 3408: 3374: 3335: 3298: 3256: 3222: 3188: 3155: 3122: 3089: 3056: 3018: 2985: 2952: 2882: 2656: 2623: 2611:. Vol. 86, no. 27. St. Petersburg, Florida. The Shreveport Times. June 26, 1957. p. 1 2590: 2528: 2487: 2451: 2418: 2377: 2341: 2227: 2187: 2149: 2038: 1980: 1959: 1873: 1784: 620:, documenting a pressure of 969 mbar (hPa; 27.94 inHg) at the western edge of the storm's 6863: 6808: 6785: 6636: 6217: 6135: 6017: 5869: 5408: 4741:. Vol. 93, no. 58. Shreveport, Louisiana. Associated Press. January 24, 1964. p. 4-A 3988:. Vol. 62, no. 19. Corsicana, Texas. International News Service. June 27, 1957. p. 1 1617: 1439: 1362: 1315: 1247: 1098: 1090: 908: 851: 594: 415: 361: 275: 168: 91: 87: 4256:. Vol. 169, no. 153. Clarksville, Tennessee. Associated Press. June 27, 1957. p. 16 4204: 4154:. Vol. 62, no. 154. Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Associated Press. June 28, 1957. p. 1 3456: 2904: 2870:. Vol. 62, no. 178. Pensacola, Florida. The Pensacola Journal. June 27, 1957. p. 1A 2265: 569:

just six hours after being classified as a tropical depression, as it remained nearly stationary.

6702: 6696: 6690: 6619: 6589: 6559: 6418: 6388: 5910: 4227: 4181: 4026: 1677:– A destructive Category 3 hurricane that struck the central Gulf Coast of the United States 1648:(1974) – A Category 4 hurricane that devastated the Yucatán Peninsula and southern Louisiana 1549:

seeking total damages of $ 9,755,000 were filed in federal court but did not come to trial.

1526: 1506: 1488: 1143: 1127: 1119: 1082: 1026: 956:, tides swelled 2.5 ft (about 75 cm) above normal as Audrey passed to the east, though 941: 831: 827: 732: 550: 283: 4088:. Vol. 41, no. 258. Greenwood, Mississippi. Associated Press. June 28, 1957. p. 1 4055:. Vol. 47, no. 292. Clarksville, Tennessee. Associated Press. June 28, 1957. p. 1 3886: 893: 187: 6761: 6678: 6613: 6571: 6542: 6382: 6353: 6347: 6211: 6046: 6011: 5981: 5135: 5049: 4431: 3489:. New Orleans, Louisiana: United States Department of the Interior. p. 128. Archived from 1668: 1471: 1276: 1264: 1239: 1195:

Rainfall caused by Audrey and a concurrent second disturbance over the Midwestern United States

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an estimated 50,000,000 ft (1,400,000 m) of timber lost primarily in the parishes of

1123: 997: 855: 716: 349:. In Louisiana and Texas, where Audrey first impacted, the damage toll was $ 128 million. 279: 3899: 3203: 2571: 2549:. Vol. 112, no. 51. Victoria, Texas. Associated Press. June 27, 1957. pp. 1, 14 2300: 2215:. Vol. 62, no. 178. New Orleans, Louisiana. United Press. June 27, 1957. p. 11A 525:

tracking westward across the Caribbean Sea beginning on June 20, eventually entering the

6708: 6666: 6660: 6642: 6607: 6536: 6453: 6406: 6305: 6299: 5462: 4901: 4450: 4351:. Vol. 71, no. 240. Spokane, Washington. Associated Press. June 29, 1957. p. 1 4282: 3981: 3948: 3732: 3577: 3279: 3237: 3169: 3136: 3070: 2999: 2966: 2863: 2637: 2604: 2509: 2432: 2399: 2358: 2322: 2208: 2168: 1947:. Vol. 74, no. 148. Bridgeport, Connecticut. United Press. June 25, 1957. p. 1 1940: 1635: 1411: 1343: 1107: 1078: 945: 867: 819: 740: 649: 581: 562: 518: 494: 271: 239: 219: 4121:. Vol. 62, no. 40. Greenville, Mississippi. United Press. June 28, 1957. p. 1 3626: 6253: 6235: 6205: 5286: 4771:

Hurricane Audrey by Nola Mae Ross – this category 4 hurricane hit in 1957, killing hundreds

4613: 4563: 3914: 3809: 2747:(Tape recorded). Interviewed by Zipser, Edward. American meteorological Society. p. 26 2275:(Report). Camp Springs, Maryland: National Environmental Centers for Prediction. p. 47 2097: 1847: 1756: 1603: 1579: 1308: 1292: 1260: 1168: 1111: 1041:

alone. A total of nine fatalities occurred in the state, in addition to 450 injuries.

1038: 756: 747:, while southeast storm warnings were issued for the U.S. Gulf Coast between Louisiana and 554: 327: 145: 3286:. Vol. 62, no. 19. Corsicana, Texas. Associated Press. June 27, 1957. p. 11 2137:. Vol. 73, no. 334. St. Petersburg Times. United Press. June 26, 1957. p. 1 326:

on June 29. Audrey was the first major hurricane to form in the Gulf of Mexico since

8: 6424: 2175:. Vol. 66, no. 303. Brownsville, Texas. United Press. June 26, 1957. p. 1A 1683:(2024) – A record-breaking Category 5 hurricane that moved through the Caribbean Sea 1366: 1351: 1288: 1232: 1224: 1216: 1164: 859: 538: 484: 287: 235: 191: 4617: 3918: 3813: 3633:. Vol. 65, no. 121. Tampa, Florida. Associated Press. June 27, 1957. p. 4 3143:. Vol. 66, no. 304. Brownsville, Texas. United Press. June 27, 1957. p. 1 3077:. Vol. 74, no. 270. Abilene, Texas. Associated Press. June 27, 1957. p. 1 3044:. Vol. 94, no. 17. Massillon, Ohio. Associated Press. June 27, 1957. p. 1 3006:. Vol. 65, no. 121. Tampa, Florida. Associated Press. June 27, 1957. p. 4 2439:. Vol. 66, no. 304. Brownsville, Texas. United Press. June 27, 1957. p. 1 2329:. Vol. 76, no. 269. Abilene, Texas. Associated Press. June 26, 1957. p. 1 2101: 2026:. Vol. 62, no. 42. Miami, Florida. Associated Press. June 25, 1957. p. 1A 1851: 1760: 976:

beyond the seawall; tides on Padre Island were the highest in five years. The oil barge

898: 696: 509:

roughly 10,000 ft (3,000 m) above sea level—was first detected in the western

6471: 5326: 5145: 5094: 4982: 3542: 1256: 1086: 965: 953: 835: 823: 807: 791: 760: 752: 748: 589: 585: 561:

and the nascent disturbance in the Bay of Campeche created an environment suitable for

315: 227: 4481:(44). West Palm Beach, Florida: Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Inc.: 64. 4377:. Vol. 52, no. 140. Neosho, Missouri. United Press. June 28, 1957. p. 1 1397:

The remnants of Audrey entered Ontario with tropical storm force winds after crossing

6859: 6654: 6583: 6577: 5403: 5331: 5296: 5291: 5200: 5180: 5175: 5150: 5099: 5079: 5069: 5018: 4926: 3546: 2709: 1335: 1160: 1094: 1005: 1001: 989: 771: 759:, were advised to remain in port. Hurricane warnings were later extended westward to 673: 657: 610: 573: 506: 346: 334: 299: 3758: 2673: 2516:. Vol. 65, no. 121. Greenwood, South Carolina. Associated Press. p. 1 541:

based on ship reports in the bay; at the time, the first indication of a developing

6672: 6524: 6477: 6400: 5513: 5336: 5306: 5281: 5245: 5235: 5195: 5190: 5165: 5160: 5059: 5013: 5003: 4962: 4952: 4921: 4886: 4840: 4780: 4621: 4537: 3922: 3817: 3538: 3534: 2105: 1855: 1764: 1645: 1492: 1358: 1215:

causing $ 600,000 in damage and injuring 14 people. An F2 tornado struck

1212: 1176: 1054: 1021: 1009: 957: 933: 744: 703:

mosaic imagery of Audrey from three radar sites as it made landfall on June 27

542: 474: 405:

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

3176:. Vol. 81, no. 308. Bryan, Texas. United Press. June 28, 1957. p. 1 1291:. The fringe effects of Audrey's remnant wind field and rainfall also extended to 1130:. One person was killed while clinging to debris after being bitten by a venomous 6826: 6820: 6749: 6731: 6530: 6483: 6430: 6412: 6335: 5590: 5372: 5352: 5316: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5225: 5215: 5130: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5044: 5008: 4998: 4977: 4967: 4947: 4942: 4911: 4906: 4891: 4881: 4876: 4855: 4845: 4835: 4825: 1921:. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 63–73 1680: 1657: 1522: 1331: 1067: 803: 724: 720: 681: 526: 521:. Concurrently, surface observations suggested the progression of a disorganized 365: 267: 120: 1447:

inland, with a large amount of sedimentation occurring primarily in the form of

6814: 6773: 6737: 6725: 6684: 6595: 6436: 6341: 5362: 5321: 5311: 5301: 5261: 5230: 5220: 5210: 5205: 5185: 5170: 5155: 5140: 5089: 5074: 5064: 5028: 4916: 4896: 4850: 4830: 4541: 1651: 1200: 1131: 830:

housed 19,000 refugees and issued food rations to 30,000 people. The

811: 712: 708: 566: 546: 514: 338: 3429:. Vol. 47, no. 304. Corpus Christi, Texas. June 28, 1957. p. 20 936:, leading to the loss of nine crewmen. In the hours before the collision, the 629:

discarded as erroneous. Radar and ground observations suggested the storm had

6878: 6565: 5377: 5367: 5357: 5240: 5054: 3705:

Reichelderfer, F. W.; Weeks, Sinclair (July 1, 1957). Baldwin., J. L. (ed.).

3244:. Vol. 91, no. 330. Danville, Kentucky. Associated Press. p. 1 2973:. Vol. 47, no. 304. Corpus Christi, Texas. June 28, 1957. p. 1 2770: 2475:. Vol. 47, no. 304. Corpus Christi, Texas. June 28, 1957. p. 1 2003: 1435: 1378: 1251: 1063: 1030: 973: 799: 767: 700: 653: 614: 522: 510: 364:, producing record rainfall that peaked at 10.20 in (259.08 mm) in 323: 319: 307: 263: 116: 4734: 4683: 4650: 4625: 4370: 4311: 4249: 4147: 4114: 4081: 4048: 3422: 3389: 3355: 3316: 3210:. Vol. 75, no. 88. Alexandria, Louisiana. United Press. p. 21 3103: 3037: 2933: 2644:. Vol. 119, no. 60. Jackson, Mississippi. June 27, 1957. p. 1 2578:. Vol. 125. Rochester, New York. United Press. June 27, 1957. p. 1 2468: 2130: 2019: 992:, flooding the downtown streets and inundating businesses. Several boats in 5450: 4292:. Lincoln, Illinois: National Weather Service. November 15, 2017. p. 8 2406:. Vol. 75, no. 88. Alexandria, Louisiana. United Press. p. 1 1713: 1398: 1374: 1370: 1172: 1154:. Poisoning efforts that had begun prior to Audrey's arrival to mitigate a 1017: 969: 775: 669: 597:, reaching the equivalent of a modern-day Category 2 hurricane on the 558: 295: 4437:. Leningrad, Russia: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Nauka Publishers: 80 1314:

The interaction of Audrey and a second frontal system tracking across the

4536:(2). Tallahassee, Florida: Federal Emergency Management Agency: 302–303. 3110:. Vol. 116, no. 179. Galveston, Texas. June 28, 1957. p. 1 1460: 1339: 1318:

drew excess moisture across the region, leading to heavy rainfall across

1155: 1058: 981: 917: 661: 577: 513:

on June 11. In an analysis of weather patterns from June 1957,

353: 251: 247: 172: 28: 3490: 1179:) while the other one was an F1 tornado that damaged several homes near 3739:. College Park, Maryland: National Centers for Environmental Prediction 2810:(Report). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Government of Canada. Archived from 2680:. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2018 1535: 1347: 1191: 787: 779: 680:; the post-tropical strengthening of Audrey was reminiscent to that of 645: 606: 291: 112: 2311:(6). Asheville, North Carolina: United States Weather Bureau: 101–104. 1235:, and wind damage alone caused $ 200,000 in damage in the state. 774:

were evacuated, with evacuees staying at either nearby Fort Travis or

727:

was posted for the coasts of Texas and Louisiana the following day. A

4612:(12). Boulder, Colorado: American Meteorological Society: 1792–1793. 3900:"Tornadoes Associated With Hurricane Beulah on September 19–23, 1967" 3607:. New Orleans, Louisiana: Advance Local Media LLC. The Times-Picayune 3601:"Remembering deadly Hurricane Audrey, 60 years later: Vintage photos" 3423:"Storm Toll May Be in 'Thousands'; 100 Dead; Louisiana Hit Hard" 2469:"Storm Toll May Be in 'Thousands'; 100 Dead; Louisiana Hit Hard" 1456: 1296: 1122:

was submerged under a foot (0.3 m) of seawater. Strong winds in

625: 215: 160: 1455:, saltwater inundation of habitats led to a significant decrease in 1406:

20 years, and over 100 houses were damaged by floods. The

1330:. Rainfall in those states peaked at 10.20 in (259 mm) in 932:

sank after colliding with an oil rig 11 mi (18 km) off of

401: 250:

that penetrated as far as 20 mi (32 km) inland. The first

4573:. Washington, D.C.: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3349: 3347: 3345: 2708:(2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 130–132. 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 1448: 1407: 1323: 1319: 1300: 1284: 1204: 783: 602: 377: 303: 3808:(7). Chicago, Illinois: American Meteorological Society: 453–459. 3467:(6). Asheville, North Carolina: United States Weather Bureau: 148. 3310: 3308: 2096:(12). Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society: 401–408. 1519:

United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana

968:, area without much consequence, though the wave action on nearby 4238:(6). Asheville, North Carolina: United States Weather Bureau: 72. 4215:(6). Asheville, North Carolina: United States Weather Bureau: 72. 4192:(6). Asheville, North Carolina: United States Weather Bureau: 72. 4037:(6). Asheville, North Carolina: United States Weather Bureau: 64. 2002:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

1846:(6). Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society: 221–227. 1755:(6). Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society: 208–220. 1327: 1208: 847: 621: 369: 357: 342: 180: 3955:. Vol. 129, no. 155. Montgomery, Illinois. p. 6-A 3763:

National Weather Service Forecast Office Lake Charles, Louisiana

3342: 2494: 2315: 1487:

Due to the damage and fatalities caused by Audrey, the name was

770:, 270 beach houses and other homes on the lower end of the 3305: 1051: 961: 677: 373: 176: 3913:(7). Austin, Texas: American Meteorological Society: 541–547. 2914:. Camp Springs, Maryland: National Weather Service. p. 47 4476: 3588:(6). Asheville, North Carolina: United States Weather Bureau. 2738:"Interview with Robert H. Simpson, September 6 & 9, 1989" 1671:– A Category 3 hurricane that devastated the Texas coast 1386: 1275:, affecting some farm lands. One person was electrocuted in 707:

Although Audrey's formation was not explicitly forecast, the

4502:(Report). Louisiana Wildlife & Fisheries. pp. 52–56 3927:

10.1175/1520-0493(1970)098<0541:TAWHBO>2.3.CO;2

1770:

10.1175/1520-0493(1957)085<0208:TWACOJ>2.0.CO;2

1334:, with a similar maximum of 10.16 in (258 mm) in 1304: 1287:

was limited to minor roof damage caused by strong winds in

1207:

as it moved inland. 14 of the 19 tornadoes touched down in

429:

Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)

424:

Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)

4074: 3396:. Vol. 116, no. 179. Galveston, Texas. p. 3 3362:. Vol. 116, no. 179. Galveston, Texas. p. 1 3323:. Vol. 116, no. 179. Galveston, Texas. p. 1 3238:"Ten Dead as Hurricane Audrey Hits Texas-Louisiana Border" 2831: 2829: 2353: 2351: 854:. Similarly, aircraft and personnel were evacuated out of 790:. An estimated 50,000 people in total evacuated from 497:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression 449:

Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)

444:

Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)

2163: 2161: 2159: 2110:

10.1175/1520-0493(1957)085<0401:THSO>2.0.CO;2

1700: 1357:

A total of ten lives were lost in Illinois, Indiana, and

1227:, uprooted trees, while 20 mi (32 km) south in 1074:) were brought as far as 8 km (5.0 mi) inland. 530: 439:

Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)

4041: 3822:

10.1175/1520-0493(1965)093<0453:tht>2.3.co;2

3390:"Galveston is Cleaning House After Season's First Storm" 1505:

In 1962, Whitney Bartie, along with hundreds of others,

588:. Now moving slowly northward around the periphery of a 434:

Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)

4530:

International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters

4495:

Ensminger, Allan B.; Nichols, Lewis G. (October 1957).

4107: 3657: 3655: 3477: 2864:"Pensacola Boat Down at Sea; Audrey Veers Toward Texas" 2844:(Report). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Government of Canada 2826: 2463: 2461: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2348: 1860:

10.1175/1520-0493(1957)085<0221:HA>2.0.CO;2

605:, the storm's pressure had deepened by roughly 30 393:

from usage as an identifier for an Atlantic hurricane.

3381: 3195: 2566: 2564: 2259: 2257: 2156: 1373:

experienced intense wind gusts that caused widespread

1259:. The strongest winds in Mississippi were measured in 4514: 3415: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2697: 2695: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 1311:, the most northerly tornado associated with Audrey. 1097:, 90% of homes lost their roofs. In Cameron and 739:; experience with Flossy aided in part in convincing 641:

reassessed the system having a lower peak intensity.

4810: 4684:"Hurricane Death Case May Set Trend in Damage Suits" 4571:

Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory

4490: 4488: 4242: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3652: 3518:

Morton, Robert A.; Barras, John A. (November 2011).

2934:"Tides 3 Ft. Above Normal Do Little Damage at Padre" 2535: 2458: 2384: 2294: 2292: 2290: 1919:

Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory

1593: 1532:

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

996:

were sunk. A 0.75 mi (1.21 km) segment of

537:), storms associated with the wave organized into a 454:

Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)

333:

Prior to making landfall, Audrey severely disrupted

4592: 4590: 4588: 4363: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3765:. Lake Charles, Louisiana: National Weather Service 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3032: 3030: 3028: 2959: 2674:"Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names" 2561: 878: 5620: 4597:Klein, Roberta; Pielke, Roger A. (December 2002). 4304: 3861:. Norman, Oklahoma: National Weather Service. 2018 3704: 3513: 3511: 3471: 2889: 2835: 2801: 2692: 2630: 2234: 1981:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" 652:, completing this transition on June 29 over 242:storm struck southwestern Louisiana as an intense 4644: 4642: 4485: 3974: 3681: 2926: 2856: 2287: 2123: 1498: 1186: 246:, destroying coastal communities with a powerful 6876: 4585: 4494: 4396: 3777: 3263: 3096: 3025: 2992: 2912:National Weather Service Lake Charles, Louisiana 2769:Blake, Eric S.; Gibney, Ethan J. (August 2011). 2729: 2597: 1029:was estimated at $ 200,000–$ 300,000. In nearby 4676: 4606:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 4411:. Cameron Parish, Louisiana: Raycom Media. KPLC 3891: 3508: 3280:"'Audrey' Death Toll Guesses From 200 to 4,000" 3063: 2797: 2795: 2745:University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 1941:"First Hurricane Heads for Louisiana and Texas" 1831:Ross, Robert B.; Blum, Maurice D. (June 1957). 1710:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 4639: 4371:"Rescue Works Battle Wake of Hurricane Audrey" 4312:"Old South Gets Tornado Alert After Hurricane" 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3982:"Old South Gets Tornado Alert After Hurricane" 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3627:"Helicopters, Lifeboats Join Hurricane Rescue" 3619: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 2764: 2762: 2131:"First Hurricane Now is Threat to New Orleans" 907:192 people were reported as missing. The 5606: 5436: 4796: 4405:"Hurricane Audrey remembered, 60 years later" 4115:"One Dies as Tornadoes Strike in Mississippi" 3707:National Summary for Week Ending July 1, 1957 3592: 3575: 3229: 2425: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2020:"Storm Audrey is Born in Gulf, Aims at Texas" 1933: 1912:"1957 Atlantic Hurricane Database Reanalysis" 1491:and will never be used again for an Atlantic 980:broke from its mooring, leaving it adrift in 668:, aided in part by an unusual warming of the 584:about 380 mi (610 km) southeast of 282:of 125 mph (205 km/h), making it a 4337: 3726: 3724: 3517: 3354:Barry, Hart; Wortham, Fred (June 28, 1957). 3353: 3315:Barry, Hart; Wortham, Fred (June 28, 1957). 3314: 2792: 2638:"Storm Warnings Ended on State's Coast Area" 2359:"Hurricane Audrey to Hit Louisiana Thursday" 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1514:averaged 100–125 mi (161–201 km). 6935:1957 natural disasters in the United States 4596: 4470: 4219: 4196: 4173: 4007: 3835: 3560: 3448: 3162: 3129: 2768: 2759: 2701: 2668: 2666: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2014: 2012: 1905: 1903: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1250:. The Brooksville tornado also destroyed a 5613: 5599: 5443: 5429: 4803: 4789: 4776:Severe Rainstorms in Illinois, Pages 23–36 4717:Whitney Bartie v. United States of America 4709: 4555: 4290:National Weather Service Lincoln, Illinois 4275: 3940: 2736:Robert, Simpson H. (September 6–9, 1989). 2194: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 1909: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1742:"The Weather and Circulation of June 1957" 1545:(1964). Another 109 suits similar to 940:had been disabled and taken in tow by the 802:, with another 1,000 evacuating from 794:, while all except two families evacuated 190: 27: 4140: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3721: 1768: 1728: 1459:and plants susceptible to saltwater like 864:Gulfport Combat Readiness Training Center 798:; about 2,000 people evacuated from 396: 278:. On June 27, the hurricane reached 4727: 4429: 3201: 2802:Environment Canada (November 12, 2009). 2663: 2397: 2323:"Hurricane Expected to Strike Louisiana" 2009: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1830: 1791: 1421: 1190: 897: 695: 400: 4648: 4599:"Bad Weather? Then Sue the Weatherman!" 3751: 3235: 3104:"Island Had Once in 20 Years High Tide" 2510:"Hurricane Veers, Hits Louisiana Coast" 2507: 2045: 1880: 1694: 270:. Situated within ideal conditions for 262:, Audrey formed on June 24 from a 33:Radar image of Audrey prior to landfall 6877: 4735:"'Audrey' Suit Test Won by Government" 4561: 4497:Hurricane Damage to Rockefeller Refuge 3873: 3598: 3454: 3356:"Damage to Property High on Peninsula" 3317:"Damage to Property High on Peninsula" 2735: 2605:"Navy Planes Seek Refuge at Barksdale" 2301:"North Atlantic Tropical Storms, 1957" 2298: 1664:Other strong early-season hurricanes: 1631:List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes 1365:, and 100 mph (160 km/h) in 1203:, including 19 tornadoes, in its 6281: 5632: 5594: 5424: 4784: 4657:. Lake Charles, Louisiana. p. 12 4520: 4402: 4225: 4202: 3946: 3897: 3792: 3733:"Hurricane Audrey – June 26–29, 1957" 3000:"Hurricane Audrey Smashes Two States" 2842:Environment and Climate Change Canada 2808:Environment and Climate Change Canada 2543:"Hurricane Aiming Punch at Louisiana" 2305:Climatological Data, National Summary 2080: 1966: 1739: 639:Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project 16:Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 1957 4024: 3759:"NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data" 3730: 3387: 3202:Flinchum, James M. (June 27, 1957). 3038:"Audrey Hits Texas Coast at 100 MPH" 2967:"High Tides Sweep Padre Beach Clean" 2902: 2836:Environment Canada (July 23, 2013). 2398:Flinchum, James M. (June 27, 1957). 2263: 2209:"Louisiana is in Path of Major Blow" 2169:"Louisiana is in Path of Major Blow" 1636:Other tropical cyclones named Audrey 306:with the same intensity between the 286:. At the time, Audrey had a minimum 5536: 5531: 5524: 5519: 5500: 5495: 4651:"Audrey Survivors Lose Damage Suit" 4432:"Hurricanes, Storms, and Tornadoes" 4423: 4179: 4082:"Tornado Strikes Philadelphia Area" 3852:"United States Tornadoes 1950–2017" 3170:"Copter in Search for Babes Afloat" 3071:"Hurricane Drives Toward Louisiana" 1578:All damage totals are in 1957 1482:National Hurricane Research Project 894:Tornadoes of 1957 § June 27–28 599:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale 13: 5548: 5543: 5512: 5507: 5488: 5483: 4283:"Illinois Weather Trivia for June" 3669:. A&E Television Networks, LLC 3663:"Hurricane Audrey hits Gulf Coast" 3576:Reichelderfer, F. W. (June 1957). 3388:Herz, Lillian E. (June 28, 1957). 3236:Meisler, Stanley (June 27, 1957). 2903:Roth, David M. (January 6, 2010). 2838:Notable Canadian Tropical Cyclones 2508:Meisler, Stanley (June 27, 1957). 1626:List of Texas hurricanes (1950–79) 844:Naval Outlying Landing Field Barin 14: 6951: 4764: 4649:Threatt, Buddy (March 29, 1963). 4049:"Tornado Lashes Mississippi Area" 3599:Morris, Melinda (June 27, 2017). 3487:Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 2572:"Thousands in Audrey's Path Flee" 1538:in favor of the United States in 1062:compared to coastal communities. 226:, it was also the strongest June 6858: 6849: 6848: 6282: 5575: 5574: 5461: 5402: 5391: 5390: 4812:Retired Atlantic hurricane names 4752: 4701: 4668: 4388: 4329: 4267: 4165: 4132: 4099: 4066: 4031:Climatological Data, Mississippi 3999: 3966: 3731:Roth, David M. (March 6, 2013). 3644: 3440: 3407: 3373: 3334: 3297: 3255: 3221: 3187: 3154: 3121: 3088: 3055: 3017: 2984: 2951: 2881: 2705:Hurricanes: a reference handbook 2702:Fitzpatrick, Patrick J. (2006). 2655: 2622: 2589: 2527: 2486: 2450: 2417: 2376: 2340: 2264:Roth, David M. (April 8, 2010). 2226: 2186: 2148: 2081:Moore, Paul L. (December 1957). 2037: 1997: 1958: 1910:Delgado, Sandy; Landsea, Chris. 1872: 1783: 1641:Storms affecting similar areas: 1610: 1596: 648:caused Audrey to evolve into an 533:on June 24 (7:00 a.m. 489: 479: 469: 4562:Harris, D. Lee (October 1958). 4523:"Hurricane Evacuation Behavior" 4025:Long, Franklin W. (June 1957). 2433:"Area Made Ready for Big Storm" 2299:Sumner, Howard C. (June 1957). 1740:Klein, William H. (June 1957). 1020:were limited to lost shingles. 691: 529:on June 22. At 12:00 6890:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes 6885:1957 Atlantic hurricane season 5622:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes 5560: 5555: 5476: 5471: 5453:1957 Atlantic hurricane season 4521:Baker, Earl J. (August 1991). 4254:The Clarksville Leaf-Chronicle 4232:Climatological Data, Tennessee 3582:Climatological Data, Louisiana 3539:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-10-00185.1 2083:"The Hurricane Season of 1957" 1572: 1567:Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale 1559: 1500:Bartie v. United States (1963) 1187:Elsewhere in the United States 203:1957 Atlantic hurricane season 1: 5633: 4564:"Hurricane Audrey Storm Tide" 4226:Beard, J. T. B. (June 1957). 4203:Beard, J. T. B. (June 1957). 4186:Climatological Data, Arkansas 3455:Dunham, Hoye S. (June 1957). 1687: 1077:Scattered damage occurred in 944:, but the tow line broke. In 6930:Natural disasters in Ontario 4403:Terry, Ben (June 27, 2017). 4209:Climatological Data, Georgia 4180:Dye, Lucius W. (June 1957). 3947:McKee, Don (June 28, 1957). 3793:Smith, John S. (July 1965). 1417: 1044: 519:tropical cyclone development 102:125 mph (205 km/h) 7: 6925:Natural disasters in Quebec 6895:Retired Atlantic hurricanes 4749:– via Newspapers.com. 4698:– via Newspapers.com. 4665:– via Newspapers.com. 4655:Lake Charles American Press 4479:Journal of Coastal Research 4385:– via Newspapers.com. 4326:– via Newspapers.com. 4264:– via Newspapers.com. 4162:– via Newspapers.com. 4129:– via Newspapers.com. 4096:– via Newspapers.com. 4063:– via Newspapers.com. 3996:– via Newspapers.com. 3963:– via Newspapers.com. 3898:Orton, Robert (July 1970). 3641:– via Newspapers.com. 3527:Journal of Coastal Research 3437:– via Newspapers.com. 3404:– via Newspapers.com. 3370:– via Newspapers.com. 3331:– via Newspapers.com. 3294:– via Newspapers.com. 3252:– via Newspapers.com. 3218:– via Newspapers.com. 3184:– via Newspapers.com. 3151:– via Newspapers.com. 3118:– via Newspapers.com. 3085:– via Newspapers.com. 3052:– via Newspapers.com. 3014:– via Newspapers.com. 2981:– via Newspapers.com. 2948:– via Newspapers.com. 2878:– via Newspapers.com. 2652:– via Newspapers.com. 2619:– via Newspapers.com. 2586:– via Newspapers.com. 2524:– via Newspapers.com. 2483:– via Newspapers.com. 2447:– via Newspapers.com. 2414:– via Newspapers.com. 2373:– via Newspapers.com. 2337:– via Newspapers.com. 2266:Louisiana Hurricane History 2223:– via Newspapers.com. 2183:– via Newspapers.com. 2145:– via Newspapers.com. 2034:– via Newspapers.com. 1955:– via Newspapers.com. 1589: 1517:The case was argued in the 1453:Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge 1091:Lake Charles Air Force Base 960:remained minimal. Periodic 840:North American T-28 Trojans 751:. Small coastal craft from 572:On June 25, the first 157:South Central United States 10: 6956: 4688:Alexandria Daily Town Talk 4542:10.1177/028072709100900210 4053:Fort Lauderdale Daily News 3949:"Storms Slam Across State" 3887:Tornadoes on June 14, 1957 3461:Climatological Data, Texas 3208:Alexandria Daily Town Talk 2404:Alexandria Daily Town Talk 1983:(Database). United States 1512:24-hour hurricane forecast 1175:tornado east of Seabrook ( 891: 666:Northeastern United States 218:coast in 1957. Along with 165:Southeastern United States 77:Category 3 major hurricane 6844: 6801: 6718: 6629: 6552: 6499: 6446: 6375: 6292: 6288: 6277: 6198: 6151: 6098: 6039: 5968: 5885: 5808: 5719: 5696: 5643: 5639: 5628: 5570: 5468: 5459: 5451:Tropical cyclones of the 5386: 5345: 5254: 5123: 5037: 4991: 4935: 4869: 4818: 3953:The Montgomery Advertiser 3737:Weather Prediction Center 3242:Danville Advocate-Manager 3137:"Kids Rescued from Camps" 3075:The Abilene Reporter-News 2905:"Texas Hurricane History" 2778:National Hurricane Center 2725:– via Google Books. 2678:National Hurricane Center 2327:The Abilene Reporter-News 2273:Weather Prediction Center 1985:National Hurricane Center 1702:National Hurricane Center 1675:1916 Gulf Coast hurricane 1432:United States Coast Guard 1403:Algonquin Provincial Park 1392: 1116:United States Coast Guard 914:1928 Okeechobee hurricane 887: 635:Category 4 hurricane 244:Category 3 hurricane 198: 186: 152: 144:$ 150 million (1957 140: 132: 127: 106: 98: 82: 75: 60: 45: 38: 26: 6940:1957 disasters in Canada 6864:Tropical cyclones portal 5828:"Bahamas–North Carolina" 4430:Nalivkin, D. V. (1969). 4250:"Tornado Hits Dyersburg" 4119:The Delta Democrat-Times 3427:The Corpus Christi Times 3394:The Galveston Daily News 3360:The Galveston Daily News 3321:The Galveston Daily News 3204:"Hurricane Lashes State" 3108:The Galveston Daily News 2971:The Corpus Christi Times 2938:The Corpus Christi Times 2473:The Corpus Christi Times 2400:"Hurricane Lashes State" 1833:"Hurricane Audrey, 1957" 1618:Tropical cyclones portal 1552: 1440:McNeese State University 1430:Rescue parties from the 1363:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1316:Midwestern United States 1126:blew out windows in the 1035:Jefferson County Airport 950:Mustang Island Park Road 923: 909:National Weather Service 852:Barksdale Air Force Base 595:United States Gulf Coast 551:sea surface temperatures 276:United States Gulf Coast 169:Midwestern United States 159:(particularly Texas and 6900:Hurricanes in Louisiana 4626:10.1175/BAMS-83-12-1791 4349:Spokane Daily Chronicle 3859:Storm Prediction Center 3795:"The Hurricane-Tornado" 3042:The Evening Independent 1706:"Glossary of NHC Terms" 1582:unless otherwise noted. 1540:Bartie v. United States 1527:Federal Tort Claims Act 1350:fell into a creek near 1128:Louisiana State Capitol 1083:Lake Charles, Louisiana 942:USCGC Cahoone (WSC-131) 880:Bartie v. United States 832:United States Air Force 828:Lake Charles, Louisiana 574:reconnaissance aircraft 6915:Hurricanes in Illinois 6910:Hurricanes in Missouri 4458:Cite journal requires 4345:"Audrey Still Howling" 4086:Greenwood Commonwealth 3907:Monthly Weather Review 3802:Monthly Weather Review 3141:The Brownsville Herald 2547:The Victorian Advocate 2437:The Brownsville Herald 2173:The Brownsville Herald 2135:The Brownsville Herald 2090:Monthly Weather Review 1840:Monthly Weather Review 1749:Monthly Weather Review 1669:1909 Velasco hurricane 1427: 1283:Damage from Audrey in 1240:Mississippi Gulf Coast 1196: 998:Texas State Highway 87 903: 856:Keesler Air Force Base 717:New Orleans, Louisiana 704: 590:ridge of high pressure 502: 397:Meteorological history 302:). The hurricane made 40:Meteorological history 6920:Hurricanes in Indiana 5681:"Southeastern States" 4375:The Neosho Daily News 3631:The Tampa Daily Times 3174:The Bryan Daily Eagle 3004:The Tampa Daily Times 2868:The Pensacola Journal 2213:The Pensacola Journal 1580:United States dollars 1425: 1344:Indianapolis, Indiana 1194: 1108:Intracoastal Waterway 901: 868:Gulfport, Mississippi 820:Grand Isle, Louisiana 741:Grand Isle, Louisiana 699: 650:extratropical cyclone 582:rapid intensification 495:Extratropical cyclone 404: 260:1957 hurricane season 230:ever recorded in the 5775:"Cuba–South Florida" 4739:The Shreveport Times 4722:326 F.2d 754 4152:Hattiesburg American 2814:on November 18, 2017 2609:The Shreveport Times 1604:United States portal 1309:Dyersburg, Tennessee 1112:Louisiana Highway 82 757:Panama City, Florida 576:to probe Audrey, a 416:Saffir–Simpson scale 280:peak sustained winds 272:tropical development 266:that moved into the 107:Lowest pressure 6905:Hurricanes in Texas 5941:"Florida Panhandle" 5675:"Middle Gulf Shore" 4618:2002BAMS...83.1791K 4316:Corsicana Daily Sun 4148:"Report Two Deaths" 3986:Corsicana Daily Sun 3919:1970MWRv...98..541O 3814:1965MWRv...93..453S 3667:This Day in History 3284:Corsicana Daily Sun 2363:Corsicana Daily Sun 2102:1957MWRv...85..401M 1945:The Bridgeport Post 1852:1957MWRv...85..221R 1761:1957MWRv...85..208K 1383:St. Albans, Vermont 1367:Jamestown, New York 1352:Reelsville, Indiana 1233:Birmingham, Alabama 1225:Montgomery, Alabama 1217:Southern Greenville 928:The fishing vessel 860:Biloxi, Mississippi 838:evacuated 115 631:concentric eyewalls 539:tropical depression 485:Subtropical cyclone 288:barometric pressure 23: 5935:"Greater Antilles" 5923:"Great Charleston" 2642:The Clarion-Ledger 2576:Democrat Chronicle 1428: 1229:Davenport, Alabama 1221:Evergreen, Alabama 1197: 966:Brownsville, Texas 904: 836:United States Navy 824:Cameron, Louisiana 808:American Red Cross 792:Port Arthur, Texas 761:High Island, Texas 753:Brownsville, Texas 749:Pensacola, Florida 705: 586:Brownsville, Texas 507:low-pressure areas 503: 337:operations in the 316:Cameron, Louisiana 240:rapidly developing 99:Highest winds 84:1-minute sustained 21: 6872: 6871: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6268: 5852:"Texas–Louisiana" 5757:"Central Florida" 5588: 5587: 5418: 5417: 2514:The Index-Journal 1704:(July 11, 2010). 1336:Hermann, Missouri 1095:Atchafalaya River 1002:Galveston Seawall 990:Galveston Seawall 772:Bolivar Peninsula 729:hurricane warning 674:Buffalo, New York 658:Chicago, Illinois 335:offshore drilling 209: 208: 6947: 6862: 6852: 6851: 6290: 6289: 6279: 6278: 6077:"Virgin Islands" 5793:"Great Beaufort" 5641: 5640: 5630: 5629: 5615: 5608: 5601: 5592: 5591: 5578: 5577: 5558: 5546: 5534: 5522: 5510: 5498: 5486: 5474: 5465: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5422: 5421: 5406: 5394: 5393: 4805: 4798: 4791: 4782: 4781: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4646: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4603: 4594: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4568: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4527: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4501: 4492: 4483: 4482: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4436: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4392: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4333: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4287: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4103: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4022: 4005: 4004: 4003: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3904: 3895: 3889: 3884: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3856: 3848: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3799: 3790: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3728: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3702: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3659: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3573: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3524: 3515: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3496:on June 26, 2018 3495: 3484: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3444: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3411: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3351: 3340: 3339: 3338: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3312: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3276: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3225: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3092: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3059: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3034: 3023: 3022: 3021: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2988: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2909: 2900: 2887: 2886: 2885: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2833: 2824: 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1837: 1828: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1772: 1746: 1737: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1716:on June 28, 2011 1712:. Archived from 1698: 1646:Hurricane Carmen 1620: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1606: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1583: 1576: 1570: 1563: 1521:and presided by 1493:tropical cyclone 1475:four years later 1213:tornado outbreak 1199:Audrey produced 1177:New Orleans East 1103:Vermilion Parish 1027:Galveston County 1022:Galveston Island 1010:Gilchrist, Texas 994:Galveston Harbor 958:coastal flooding 934:Galveston, Texas 733:Hurricane Flossy 676:in southwestern 609:(hPa; 0.89 543:tropical cyclone 493: 492: 483: 482: 475:Tropical cyclone 473: 472: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 212:Hurricane Audrey 194: 123: 78: 71: 69: 56: 54: 41: 31: 24: 22:Hurricane Audrey 20: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6944: 6875: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6832: 6797: 6714: 6625: 6548: 6495: 6442: 6371: 6284: 6265: 6194: 6147: 6094: 6035: 5964: 5881: 5804: 5715: 5692: 5635: 5624: 5619: 5589: 5584: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5472: 5466: 5455: 5449: 5419: 5414: 5382: 5341: 5250: 5119: 5033: 4987: 4931: 4865: 4814: 4809: 4767: 4762: 4761: 4751: 4744: 4742: 4733: 4732: 4728: 4715: 4714: 4710: 4700: 4693: 4691: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4660: 4658: 4647: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4601: 4595: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4566: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4525: 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4486: 4475: 4471: 4459: 4457: 4448: 4447: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4428: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4401: 4397: 4387: 4380: 4378: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4321: 4319: 4310: 4309: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4259: 4257: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4224: 4220: 4201: 4197: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4157: 4155: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4131: 4124: 4122: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4098: 4091: 4089: 4080: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4058: 4056: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4023: 4008: 3998: 3991: 3989: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3958: 3956: 3945: 3941: 3931: 3929: 3902: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3874: 3864: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3849: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3797: 3791: 3778: 3768: 3766: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3742: 3740: 3729: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3703: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3661: 3660: 3653: 3643: 3636: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3597: 3593: 3574: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3522: 3516: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3482: 3476: 3472: 3453: 3449: 3439: 3432: 3430: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3399: 3397: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3365: 3363: 3352: 3343: 3333: 3326: 3324: 3313: 3306: 3296: 3289: 3287: 3278: 3277: 3264: 3254: 3247: 3245: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3213: 3211: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3179: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3153: 3146: 3144: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3120: 3113: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3087: 3080: 3078: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3047: 3045: 3036: 3035: 3026: 3016: 3009: 3007: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2976: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2943: 2941: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2907: 2901: 2890: 2880: 2873: 2871: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2834: 2827: 2817: 2815: 2800: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2773: 2767: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2700: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2672: 2671: 2664: 2654: 2647: 2645: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2621: 2614: 2612: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2581: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2519: 2517: 2506: 2495: 2485: 2478: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2459: 2449: 2442: 2440: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2416: 2409: 2407: 2396: 2385: 2375: 2368: 2366: 2357: 2356: 2349: 2339: 2332: 2330: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2297: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2268: 2262: 2235: 2225: 2218: 2216: 2207: 2206: 2195: 2185: 2178: 2176: 2167: 2166: 2157: 2147: 2140: 2138: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2114: 2112: 2085: 2079: 2046: 2036: 2029: 2027: 2018: 2017: 2010: 1998: 1990: 1988: 1987:. April 5, 2023 1979: 1978: 1967: 1957: 1950: 1948: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1914: 1908: 1881: 1871: 1864: 1862: 1835: 1829: 1792: 1782: 1775: 1773: 1744: 1738: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1681:Hurricane Beryl 1658:Hurricane Laura 1616: 1611: 1609: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1587: 1586: 1577: 1573: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1523:Edwin F. Hunter 1503: 1472:Hurricane Carla 1420: 1395: 1332:Paris, Illinois 1273:Big Black River 1189: 1072:Spartina patens 1052:Continental Oil 1047: 926: 896: 890: 804:Beaumont, Texas 725:hurricane watch 721:Bay of Campeche 694: 682:Hurricane Hazel 527:Bay of Campeche 501: 500: 499: 498: 490: 487: 480: 477: 470: 467: 461: 460: 456: 455: 451: 450: 446: 445: 441: 440: 436: 435: 431: 430: 426: 425: 421: 419: 410: 406: 399: 366:Paris, Illinois 284:major hurricane 268:Bay of Campeche 234:as measured by 199: 128:Overall effects 110: 76: 67: 65: 52: 50: 39: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6953: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6856: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6765: 6759: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6712: 6706: 6700: 6694: 6688: 6682: 6676: 6670: 6664: 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6599: 6593: 6587: 6581: 6575: 6569: 6563: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6546: 6540: 6534: 6528: 6522: 6516: 6510: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6457: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6416: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6379: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6303: 6296: 6294: 6286: 6285: 6275: 6274: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6186: 6180: 6177:"Mid-Atlantic" 6174: 6168: 6165:"Cuba–Bahamas" 6162: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6121: 6115: 6109: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6027: 6021: 6015: 6009: 6003: 6000:"Florida Keys" 5997: 5991: 5985: 5979: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5796: 5790: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5723: 5721: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5707: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5657:"Great Mobile" 5654: 5647: 5645: 5637: 5636: 5626: 5625: 5618: 5617: 5610: 5603: 5595: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5554: 5542: 5530: 5518: 5506: 5494: 5482: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5448: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5425: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5412: 5400: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5349: 5347: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 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2008: 1965: 1932: 1879: 1790: 1727: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1678: 1672: 1662: 1661: 1655: 1652:Hurricane Rita 1649: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1607: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1571: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1534:, which ruled 1502: 1497: 1470:in advance of 1468:Cameron Parish 1419: 1416: 1394: 1391: 1340:Flash flooding 1201:severe weather 1188: 1185: 1046: 1043: 946:Corpus Christi 925: 922: 889: 886: 875:Robert Simpson 816:National Guard 812:Baytown, Texas 713:Miami, Florida 709:Weather Bureau 693: 690: 567:tropical storm 547:Gulf of Mexico 515:Weather Bureau 488: 478: 468: 463: 462: 420: 413: 412: 411: 408: 407: 398: 395: 383:Cameron Parish 339:Gulf of Mexico 232:Atlantic basin 220:Hurricane Alex 207: 206: 196: 195: 184: 183: 154: 153:Areas affected 150: 149: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 125: 124: 119:); 27.94 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 80: 79: 73: 72: 62: 58: 57: 47: 43: 42: 36: 35: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6952: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 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6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6374: 6367: 6364: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6346: 6343: 6340: 6337: 6334: 6331: 6328: 6325: 6322: 6319: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6307: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6291: 6287: 6280: 6276: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6190: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6142:"Nova Scotia" 6140: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6130:"Nova Scotia" 6128: 6125: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6113: 6110: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6097: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6004: 6001: 5998: 5995: 5994:"Mississippi" 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5967: 5960: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5918: 5917:"Sea Islands" 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5800: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5752: 5751:"Nova Scotia" 5749: 5746: 5745:"Santa Juana" 5743: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5710:"New England" 5708: 5705: 5704:"San Narciso" 5702: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5688: 5685: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5651:"San Agapito" 5649: 5648: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5616: 5611: 5609: 5604: 5602: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5581: 5573: 5572: 5569: 5563: 5551: 5539: 5527: 5515: 5503: 5491: 5479: 5464: 5458: 5454: 5446: 5441: 5439: 5434: 5432: 5427: 5426: 5423: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5389: 5388: 5385: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 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1149: 1145: 1141: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1099:Grand Chenier 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064:Beach erosion 1060: 1056: 1053: 1042: 1040: 1039:Orange County 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 985: 983: 979: 975: 974:marine debris 971: 967: 964:impacted the 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 921: 919: 915: 910: 900: 895: 885: 882: 881: 876: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 800:Orange, Texas 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 768:Rollover Pass 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 702: 698: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 654:West Virginia 651: 647: 642: 640: 636: 632: 627: 623: 619: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 570: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:tropical wave 520: 516: 512: 511:Caribbean Sea 508: 496: 486: 476: 466: 418: 417: 403: 394: 392: 388: 384: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 331: 329: 325: 324:West Virginia 321: 320:extratropical 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 298:; 27.91 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 264:tropical wave 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 205: 204: 197: 193: 189: 185: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 126: 122: 118: 114: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 74: 64:June 29, 1957 63: 59: 49:June 25, 1957 48: 44: 37: 30: 25: 19: 6359: 6283:1950–present 6065:"Charleston" 6059:"Gulf Coast" 6024:"Grand Isle" 5953:"Cedar Keys" 5899:"Martinique" 5769:"San Felipe" 5733:"San Marcos" 5489: 5407: 5395: 4860: 4743:. 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