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1456:. During the quiescent periods (3000–1400 BC, and 1000 AD to present), a more northeasterly position of the Azores High would result in more hurricanes being steered toward the Atlantic coast. During the hyperactive period (1400 BC to 1000 AD), more hurricanes were steered towards the Gulf coast as the Azores High was shifted to a more southwesterly position near the Caribbean. Such a displacement of the Azores High is consistent with paleoclimatic evidence that shows an abrupt onset of a drier climate in
32:
6528:
840:
66:
1944:
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5470:
768:" can be used interchangeably to describe this weather phenomenon. These storms are continuously rotating around a low pressure center, which causes stormy weather across a large area, which is not limited to just the eye of the storm. They are organized systems of clouds and thunderstorms that originate over tropical or subtropical waters and have closed low-level circulation, and should not be confused with
1168:) was the strongest Atlantic tropical cyclone on record, with maximum sustained winds of 165 knots (190 mph; 305 km/h). However, these measurements are suspect, since instrumentation used to document wind speeds at the time was likely to succumb to winds of such intensity. Nonetheless, their central pressures are low enough to rank them among the strongest recorded Atlantic hurricanes.
2778:
2280:(2008) normalized mainland U.S. hurricane damage from 1900–2005 to 2005 values and found no remaining trend of increasing absolute damage. The 1970s and 1980s had low amounts of damage compared to other decades. The decade 1996–2005 has the second most damage among the past 11 decades, with only the decade of 1926–1935 surpassing its costs. The most damaging single storm is the
1242:. Hurricane Gilbert maintained a pressure of 900 hPa at landfall, as did Camille, making their landfalls tied as the second strongest. Hurricane Dean also made landfall on the peninsula, but it did so at peak intensity and with a higher barometric pressure; its landfall marked the fourth strongest in Atlantic hurricane history.
2288:
destruction and remote landfall limit the number of intense hurricanes in the official record before the era of hurricane reconnaissance aircraft and satellite meteorology. However, the record shows a distinct increase in the number and strength of intense hurricanes; therefore, experts regard the early data as suspect.
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These active hurricane seasons predated satellite coverage of the
Atlantic basin. Before the satellite era began in 1960, tropical storms or hurricanes went undetected, unless a reconnaissance aircraft encountered one, a ship reported a voyage through the storm, or a storm landed in a populated area.
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It has been observed that a poleward migration exists for the paths of maximum intensity of tropical cyclone activity in the
Atlantic, as shown by research on the latitudes at which recent tropical cyclones in the Atlantic are reaching maximum intensity. The data indicates that during the past thirty
2115:
in 2007. It was a small hurricane that formed and intensified faster than any other tropical cyclone on record before landfall. Developing on
September 12, 2007, in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, the cyclone strengthened and struck High Island, Texas, with winds of about 90 mph (145 km/h)
1565:
Though the official end of the
Atlantic hurricane season occurs on November 30, the dates of October 31 and November 15 have also historically marked the end date for the hurricane season. December, the only month of the year after the hurricane season, has featured the cyclogenesis of
2221:
reconstructed
Atlantic major hurricane activity back to the early eighteenth century and found five periods averaging 3–5 major hurricanes per year and lasting 40–60 years, and six others averaging 1.5–2.5 major hurricanes per year and lasting 10–20 years. These periods are associated with
1870:
Although the hurricane season is defined as beginning on June 1 and ending on
November 30, tropical cyclones have formed in every month of the year. Since 1870, there have been 32 off-season cyclones, 18 of which occurred in May. In the same period, nine storms formed in December, three in
1774:. The month of September sees an average of 3 storms a year. By September 24, the average Atlantic season features 7 named tropical storms, including 4 hurricanes. In addition, two major hurricanes occur on average by 28 September. Relatively few tropical cyclones make landfall at these intensities.
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While the number of storms in the
Atlantic has increased since 1995, there is no obvious global trend. The annual number of tropical cyclones worldwide remains about 87 ± 10. However, the ability of climatologists to make long-term data analyses in certain basins is limited by the lack of
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estimated an undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910. These undercounts roughly take into account the typical size of tropical cyclones, the density of shipping tracks over the
Atlantic basin, and the amount of
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between June 1 and
November 30, which delimit the modern-day Atlantic hurricane season. Though the beginning of the annual hurricane season has historically remained the same, the official end of the hurricane season has shifted from its initial date of October 31. Regardless, on an
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or demise. However, three of the storms remained intense enough at landfall to be considered some of the strongest, most powerful land falling hurricanes – three of the ten hurricanes on the list constitute the three most intense
Atlantic landfalls in recorded history. The 1935 Labor Day
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Coast varies on timescales of centuries to millennia. A few major hurricanes struck the Gulf Coast during 3000–1400 BC and during the most recent millennium. These quiescent intervals were separated by a hyperactive period between 1400 BC and 1000 AD, when the Gulf coast was struck frequently by
1749:
A decrease in wind shear from July to August contributes to an increase in tropical activity. An average of 2.8 Atlantic tropical storms develop annually in August. On average, four named tropical storms, including one hurricane, occur by August 30, and the first intense hurricane develops by 4
2180:
According to the Azores High hypothesis, an anti-phase pattern is expected to exist between the Gulf Coast and the Atlantic coast. During the quiescent periods, a more northeasterly position of the Azores High would result in more hurricanes being steered towards the Atlantic coast. During the
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are also cooler than in September. In October, only 1.8 cyclones develop on average, despite a climatological secondary peak around 20 October. By 21 October, the average season features 9 named storms with 5 hurricanes. A third major hurricane occurs after September 28 in half of all Atlantic
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was the latest forming tropical cyclone to attain hurricane intensity. Both Zeta and Alice were the only two storms to exist in two calendar years – the former from 1954 to 1955 and the latter from 2005 to 2006. No storms have been recorded to exceed Category 1 hurricane intensity in
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Partially because of the threat of hurricanes, some coastal regions had sparse populations between major ports until the advent of automobile tourism; therefore, the most severe portions of hurricanes striking the coast may have gone unmeasured in some instances. The combined effects of ship
1887:), tropical cyclones formed in the North Atlantic Ocean both during or before May and during December. 1887 holds the record for being the year with the most storms outside the hurricane season, with four off-season storms having occurred during it. However, high vertical wind shear and low
779:
Tropical cyclones can be categorized by intensity. Tropical storms have one-minute maximum sustained winds of at least 39 mph (34 knots, 17 m/s, 63 km/h), while hurricanes must achieve the target of one-minute maximum sustained winds that is 75mph or more (64 knots,
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hyperactive period, more hurricanes were steered towards the Gulf coast, as the Azores High was shifted to a more southwesterly position near the Caribbean. Such a displacement of the Azores High is consistent with paleoclimatic evidence that shows an abrupt onset of a drier climate in
2201:
suggests that hurricane activity increased significantly during the past 500–1000 years, just as the Gulf Coast was amid a quiescent period during the last millennium. Evidence also shows that the average latitude of hurricane impacts has been steadily shifting northward towards
2323:
The official record, therefore, may lack mentions of storms in which no ship experienced gale-force winds, recognized it as a tropical storm (as opposed to a high-latitude extra-tropical cyclone, a tropical wave, or a brief squall), returned to port, and reported the experience.
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in the Pacific Ocean. El Niño events increase the wind shear over the Atlantic, producing a less favorable environment for formation and decreasing tropical activity in the Atlantic basin. Conversely, La Niña causes an increase in activity due to a decrease in wind shear.
1525:
was initially thought to be the earliest forming major hurricane – a tropical cyclone with winds exceeding 115 mph (185 km/h) – however, following post-storm analysis, it was determined that Able only reached Category 1 strength, which made
2263:
The number of $ 1 billion Atlantic hurricanes almost doubled from the 1980s to the 2010s, and inflation-adjusted costs have increased more than elevenfold. The increases have been attributed to climate change and to greater numbers of people moving to coastal
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reached Category 4 intensity on November 17 as it took an unprecedented west-to-east track across the Caribbean; its intensity made it the latest developing Category 4 hurricane, though this was well within the bounds of the hurricane season.
2238:
Categories 3 to 5). This trend is particularly strong in the North Atlantic, where the probability of cyclones reaching Category 3 or higher increased by 49% per decade. This is consistent with the theoretical understanding of the link between
1642:
Since 1851, a total of 81 tropical storms and hurricanes formed in June. During this period, two of these systems developed in the deep tropics east of the Lesser Antilles. Since 1870, three major hurricanes have formed during June, such as
2315:, 19 tropical storms formed, of which a record 4 occurred after November 1; 11 of the storms strengthened into hurricanes. Few hurricanes occurred from the 1840s to 1860s; however, many struck in the early 19th century, including an
1819:
increases throughout November, generally preventing cyclone formation. On average, one tropical storm forms during every other November. On rare occasions, a major hurricane occurs. The few intense hurricanes in November include the
1200:, with a pressure of 892 mbar (hPa; 26.34 inHg), is the third strongest Atlantic hurricane and the strongest documented tropical cyclone before 1950. Since the measurements taken during Wilma and Gilbert were documented using
803:
Until the mid-1900s, storms were named arbitrarily. From that period on, they were exclusively given feminine names, until 1979, when storms began being given both male and female names. The practice of naming storms from a
883:, a high-pressure system that usually extends east–west across the subtropics. South of the subtropical ridge, surface easterly winds (blowing from east to west) prevail. If the subtropical ridge is weakened by an upper
862:, used analogies such as "a leaf carried along in a stream" or a "brick moving through a river of air" to describe the way atmospheric flow affects the path of a hurricane across the ocean. Specifically, air flow around
3658:
4362:
Landsea, C. W.; et al. (2004). "The Atlantic hurricane database re-analysis project: Documentation for the 1851–1910 alterations and additions to the HURDAT database". In Murname, R. J.; Liu, K.-B. (eds.).
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became the strongest Atlantic hurricane recorded after reaching an intensity of 882 mbar (26.05 inHg) in October 2005; this also made Wilma the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide outside of the
772:, which are just another type of cyclone. They form over low pressure systems. In the North Atlantic and the Eastern Pacific, the term "hurricane" is used, whereas "typhoon" is used in the Western Pacific near
3831:
1799:
tropical cyclone seasons. In contrast to mid-season activity, the mean locus of formation shifts westward to the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, reversing the eastward progression of June through August.
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at the request of the affected nations to prevent confusion. On average, 14 named storms occur each season in the North Atlantic basin, with 7 becoming hurricanes and 3 becoming major hurricanes (
2251:
years, the peak intensity of these storms has shifted poleward in both hemispheres at a rate of approximately 60 km per decade, amounting to approximately one degree of latitude per decade.
2299:
Few above-normal hurricane seasons occurred from 1970 to 1994, and even less have occurred since 1995. Destructive hurricanes struck frequently from 1926 to 1960, especially in New England. In
6025:
831:
has started to use the same scale as the North Atlantic Ocean for tropical cyclones in the South Atlantic Ocean and assign names to those that reach 35 kn (65 km/h; 40 mph).
1702:. Storms travel westward through the Caribbean and then either move towards the north and curve near the eastern coast of the United States or stay on a north-westward track and enter the
1651:. Audrey attained an intensity greater than that of any Atlantic tropical cyclone during June or July until Hurricanes Dennis and Emily of 2005. The easternmost forming storm during June,
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during July. From an average of Atlantic tropical cyclone seasons from 1944 to 1996, the first tropical storm in half of the seasons occurred by 11 July, and a second formed by 8 August.
2108:, respectively; both caused $ 125 billion in damages in their respective years. However, when adjusted for inflation, Katrina is the costliest, with $ 161 billion in damages.
1844:
strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane in early November 2020, becoming the third most intense tropical cyclone in November, and made landfall in Central America. In that same year,
1428:. These are known as baroclinically induced tropical cyclones. There is a strong correlation between the amount of Atlantic hurricane activity in the tropics and the presence of an
2311:, which saw 28 and 30 storms, respectively. Tropical hurricanes occurred infrequently during the seasons of 1900–25; however, many intense storms formed during 1870–99. During the
6020:
1997:
were once thought to have 8 and 7 respectively, but re-analysis showed that several storms during both seasons were weaker than thought, and thus the records are now held by the
1175:, the strongest Category 4 hurricane recorded, intensified to reach a minimum pressure of 916 hPa (27.05 inHg), a pressure typical of Category 5 hurricanes.
2276:, a "recent increase in societal impact from tropical cyclones has largely been caused by rising concentrations of population and infrastructure in coastal regions." Pielke
1509:. As of September 2021, there have been 88 tropical cyclones in the off-season, with the most recent being Tropical Storm Ana in May 2021. The first tropical cyclone of the
3153:
Liu, Kam-biu; Fearn, Miriam L. (2000). "Reconstruction of Prehistoric Landfall Frequencies of Catastrophic Hurricanes in Northwestern Florida from Lake Sediment Records".
4453:
3655:
891:). Poleward of the subtropical ridge, westerly winds prevail and generally move tropical cyclones that reach northern latitudes toward the east. The westerlies also move
1480:
suggests that hurricane activity has increased significantly during the past 500–1000 years, just as the Gulf coast was amid a quiescent period of the last millennium.
2197:
through the Gulf coast. Preliminary data from the northern Atlantic coast seem to support the Azores High hypothesis. A 3,000-year proxy record from a coastal lake in
1631:, and other thermodynamic factors. Although June marks the beginning of the hurricane season, generally little activity occurs during the month, with an average of 1
1476:
through the Gulf coast. Preliminary data from the northern Atlantic coast seem to support the Azores High hypothesis. A 3000-year proxy record from a coastal lake in
1420:
Although most storms are found within tropical latitudes, occasionally storms will form further north and east due to disturbances other than tropical waves such as
1210:
is the fourth strongest Atlantic hurricane in terms of barometric pressure and one of three tropical cyclones from 2005 on the list, with the others being Wilma and
1226:
share intensities for the eighth strongest Atlantic hurricane at 905 mbar (26.72 inHg). The tenth place for the most intense Atlantic tropical cyclone is
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hurricanes; their landfall probabilities increased by 3–5 times. This millennial-scale variability has been attributed to long-term shifts in the position of the
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Since 1851, a total of 105 tropical storms have formed during July. Since 1870, ten of these storms reached major hurricane intensity; out of them, only
1238:
hurricane made landfall at peak intensity, making it the most intense Atlantic landfall. Though it weakened slightly before its eventual landfall on the
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4245:
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at first and seventh respectively. However, with a barometric pressure of 26.43 inHg, Rita is the strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the
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5175:
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McCloskey, T. A.; Knowles, J. T. (2009). "Migration of the tropical cyclone zone throughout the Holocene". In Elsner, J. B.; Jagger, T. H. (eds.).
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Between 1979 and 2019, the intensity of tropical cyclones increased; globally, tropical cyclones are 8% more likely to reach major intensities (
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4389:
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the new record holder, as it became a major hurricane on June 8. Though it developed within the bounds of the Atlantic hurricane season,
5411:
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The Dealiest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 to 2006 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts).
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The 20-year average of the number of annual Category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic region has approximately doubled since the year 2000.
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on record after it reached 115 mph on June 27. However, reanalysis from 1956 to 1960 by NOAA downgraded Audrey to a Category 3, making
2545:
2600:
843:
The subtropical ridge (in the Pacific) shows up as a large area of black (dryness) on this water vapor satellite image from September 2000
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that made landfall over New York City. Some historical weather experts say these storms may have been as high as Category 4 in strength.
877:, tropical storms and hurricanes generally move westward with a slight tendency toward the north due to being under the influence of the
3310:
1592:(October 27 – November 1, 1961) was initially thought to have been the latest forming Category 5 hurricane ever documented, as was
1160:. The following table lists the most intense Atlantic hurricanes in terms of their lowest barometric pressure. In terms of wind speed,
793:
646:
1790:
The favorable conditions found during September begin to decay in October. The main reason for the decrease in activity is increasing
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3526:
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began in 1953. Since storm names may be used repeatedly, hurricanes that result in significant damage or casualties may have their
1570:
in 2005 was the latest tropical cyclone to attain tropical storm intensity, as it did so on December 30. However, the second
813:
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1986:
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509, 349–352 (15 May 2014) doi:10.1038/nature13278, received 21 October 2013 accepted 21 March 2014 published online 14 May 2014
3342:(FAQ). 4.5. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
3280:(FAQ). 4.6. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
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2808:(FAQ). 4.6. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
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Among the tropical cyclones that formed in December, the lifespan of two continued into January of the following calendar year:
1866:
Probability of a tropical cyclone of tropical storm or hurricane strength at a specific date, expressed as systems per 100 years
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2316:
1857:
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1506:
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serves to characterize the general properties of an average season and can be used for making forecasts. Most storms form from
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1903:
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5168:
4992:
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887:, a tropical cyclone may turn poleward (north) and then recurve (curve back toward the northeast into the main belt of the
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weather systems for the North Atlantic Basin and issues reports, watches, and warnings. It is considered to be one of the
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in late October and early November 1932 (the strongest November hurricane on record, peaking as a Category 5 hurricane),
636:
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4910:
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3249:. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1 June 2023.
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1964:
903:
776:. The more general term "cyclone" is used in the rest of the ocean basins, namely the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.
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in 2005–06. Seven tropical or subtropical cyclones formed in January, two of which became Category 1 hurricanes: the
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A low amount of tropical activity occurs during July, but the majority of hurricane seasons see the formation of one
797:
735:
1952:
was also the costliest hurricane in the history of the United States, causing historic and catastrophic flooding in
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1862:
1619:
Typical locations and tracks of tropical systems in June; blue is likely, green more likely, and orange most likely
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is usually too weak to initiate sufficient rotation near the equator. Storms frequently form in the waters of the
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strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane on November 16, becoming the second most intense hurricane in November.
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1571:
20:
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Higuera-Gundy, Antonia; et al. (1999). "A 10,300 C yr Record of Climate and Vegetation Change from Haiti".
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1184:, where seven tropical cyclones have been recorded to intensify to lower pressures; one of these hurricanes was
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SUMMARY OF 2005 ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY AND VERIFICATION OF AUTHOR’S SEASONAL AND MONTHLY FORECASTS.
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Owing to their intensity, the strongest Atlantic hurricanes have all attained Category 5 classification.
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off the coast of the eastern United States wherever water temperatures exceed 26.5 °C (79.7 °F).
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became the first storm of hurricane strength to be recorded in the South Atlantic Ocean. Since 2011, the
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This article is about North Atlantic tropical cyclones. For tropical cyclones in the South Atlantic, see
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3137:. 23d Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology. Dallas, Texas: Amer. Meteor. Soc. pp. 374–377.
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The least active season on record since 1946 (when the database is considered more reliable) was the
1725:, attained Category 5 hurricane status. The easternmost forming storm and longest-lived during July,
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3677:"Frequently Asked Questions: G4) Why do tropical cyclones occur primarily in the summer and autumn?"
3389:"Reanalysis of 1956 to 1960 Atlantic hurricane seasons completed: 10 new tropical storms discovered"
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3255:(click on "What is the Total Number of Hurricanes and Average Number of Hurricanes in Each Month?")
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the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. Throughout the periods, a decadal oscillation related to
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The number and strength of Atlantic hurricanes may undergo a 50–70 year cycle known as the
1599:, but both were later downgraded during subsequent reanalysis. Reanalysis also indicated that a
1513:, which formed on January 3, became the earliest-forming tropical storm, as post-hurricane
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form between August 1 and November 30, when most tropical disturbances occur. The United States
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Kossin, James P.; Knapp, Kenneth R.; Olander, Timothy L.; Velden, Christopher S. (2020-05-18).
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3309:. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division.
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Millennial-scale variability in catastrophic hurricane landfalls along the Gulf of Mexico coast
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was the costliest and one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States.
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The most intense hurricane (by barometric pressure) on record in the North Atlantic basin was
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4086:"Global increase in major tropical cyclone exceedance probability over the past four decades"
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The beginning of the hurricane season is most closely related to the timing of increases in
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reached Category 5 intensity later than any other hurricane on record in the Atlantic.
1230:, which is listed to have deepened to a pressure as low as 908 mbar (26.81 inHg).
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2976:"Post Storm Data Acquisition – Hurricane Rita Peak Gust Analysis and Storm Surge Data"
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Frequently Asked Questions: Subject G6 - What determines the movement of tropical cyclones?
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was responsible for enhancing or dampening the number of major hurricanes by 1–2 per year.
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The largest hurricane (in gale diameter winds) on record to form in the North Atlantic was
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3939:"Spatial Variations in Major U.S. Hurricane Activity: Statistics and a Physical Mechanism"
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854:(the atmospheric layer ranging from the ground to about eight miles (13 km) high).
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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in late November 1985, which was the latest major hurricane formation on record until
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2223:
2097:
2020:, with four tropical storms, two hurricanes, and one major hurricane. Overall, the
1949:
1837:
1672:
1644:
1632:
1589:
1547:
1535:
847:
781:
753:
721:
435:
322:
234:
77:
3871:"Table 2. The thirty deadliest mainland United States tropical cyclones 1900–2000"
2439:
2085:
The deadliest hurricane to make landfall on the continental United States was the
706:
5857:
5752:
5731:
5689:
5444:
5282:
5083:
4693:
3662:
3441:
2549:
2268:
Atlantic storms are becoming more financially destructive, since five of the ten
2206:
over the past few centuries. This change has been sped up in modern times due to
2043:
2028:
2010:
1825:
1718:
1679:
1584:
1227:
1219:
1181:
1176:
1161:
1127:
1094:
1031:
947:
756:
that forms in the Atlantic Ocean primarily between June and November. The terms "
628:
403:
106:
5934:
4054:
2982:
2637:"Frequently Asked Questions: What determines the movement of tropical cyclones?"
2484:
1550:
of 2005 the earliest Category 4 on record on July 8, 2005. The earliest-forming
1233:
Many of the strongest recorded tropical cyclones weakened before their eventual
1152:
The intensity of a tropical cyclone is generally determined by either a storm's
6410:
5815:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5710:
5696:
5682:
5657:
5650:
5321:
4646:
4562:
3117:
2981:. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
2247:
reliable historical data in some basins, primarily in the Southern Hemisphere.
2165:
2061:
1845:
1833:
1703:
1683:
1636:
1596:
1449:
1402:
1398:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1192:
in the east Pacific; it had a pressure reading of 872 mbar. Preceding Wilma is
1172:
1112:
1010:
828:
711:
618:
452:
4918:
4266:(Press release). World Meteorological Organization. 2006-12-04. Archived from
3039:
3007:
2147:
1766:
The peak of the hurricane season occurs in September and corresponds with low
1405:, the Caribbean, the tropical Atlantic Ocean, and in areas as far east as the
6548:
6335:
6289:
5985:
5780:
5738:
5724:
5531:
5359:
5328:
5078:
5022:
4857:
4655:
4151:
4119:
3895:
3676:
3333:
3271:
3103:
2799:
2782:
2673:
2636:
1841:
1691:
1425:
1386:
863:
839:
574:
528:
474:
423:
310:
4214:
The poleward migration of the location of tropical cyclone maximum intensity
4176:
4110:
3899:
3857:
3499:
2901:
2686:
Leonhardt, David; Moses, Claire; Philbrick, Ian Prasad (29 September 2022).
2414:
A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the
65:
6422:
6340:
6299:
5920:
5913:
5899:
5892:
5878:
5836:
5822:
5808:
5787:
5349:
5289:
5223:
4852:
4774:
4769:
4602:
4567:
4515:
4184:
4137:
3220:
3174:
2601:"Normas Da Autoridade MarĂtima Para As Atividades De Meteorologia MarĂtima"
2467:
2207:
2190:
1465:
464:
388:
219:
1943:
1840:
was a Category 4 storm that made landfall in Cuba in early November 2008.
6480:
6400:
6294:
6147:
6010:
5927:
5906:
5885:
5871:
5703:
5622:
5027:
5002:
4923:
4867:
4753:
4686:
4665:
4660:
4538:
4038:
2170:
1699:
1441:
1414:
1382:
851:
817:
613:
501:
496:
459:
408:
339:
285:
241:
229:
178:
1871:
April, and one each in January, February, and March. During four years (
6485:
6475:
6454:
6415:
6127:
6046:
5063:
5017:
4982:
4548:
2440:"What is the difference between a hurricane, a cyclone, and a typhoon?"
2359:
2036:
1816:
1791:
1767:
1421:
1406:
888:
855:
608:
591:
533:
481:
344:
280:
275:
268:
195:
190:
148:
136:
2131:
1433:
1429:
6449:
6405:
6385:
6101:
5990:
5228:
5144:
5139:
5131:
4987:
4877:
4872:
4820:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4528:
4523:
2902:
Willoughby, H.E.; Masters, J. M.; Landsea, C. W. (December 1, 1989).
1970:
The season in which the most tropical storms formed on record is the
1891:
generally preclude tropical cyclone formation during the off-season.
1201:
757:
603:
598:
393:
383:
295:
263:
246:
207:
185:
141:
4014:"Multidecadal variability of Atlantic hurricane activity: 1851–2007"
4013:
3069:
2857:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University. Archived from
6470:
6363:
6358:
5469:
5364:
5240:
4827:
4815:
4720:
4620:
3469:
Environment and development in coastal regions and in small islands
3067:
2904:"A Record Minimum Sea Level Pressure Observed in Hurricane Gilbert"
2852:
2688:"Ian Moves North / Category 4 and 5 Atlantic hurricanes since 1980"
2198:
1695:
1477:
1469:
1234:
398:
3471:. Coast and Beach Stability in the Lesser Antilles. Archived from
3410:
850:
are steered by flows surrounding them throughout the depth of the
6427:
6203:
5208:
5102:
4919:
4810:
4784:
4745:
4681:
4612:
4533:
4454:
Current map of mean sea level air pressures in the North Atlantic
3936:
3008:"TC FAQ: E17: How many hurricanes have there been in each month?"
2781:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2575:
2479:
2057:
1687:
1390:
874:
789:
769:
765:
761:
564:
442:
430:
378:
361:
332:
290:
253:
200:
129:
85:
3715:"Hurricane Iota makes landfall in Nicaragua as Category 4 storm"
4419:
4052:
3304:"Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT"
2210:
heating up, especially from fossil fuel-caused climate change.
2164:
research have revealed that major hurricane activity along the
1978:
was the one in which the most hurricanes formed on record (15).
366:
354:
349:
116:
111:
101:
94:
3656:
Climatology of Vertical Wind Shear Over the Tropical Atlantic.
2053:, which lasted for 27 days and 18 hours as a tropical cyclone.
1910:
in 2016. No major hurricanes have occurred in the off-season.
5203:
4947:
4641:
4595:
4286:"Normalized Hurricane Damage in the United States: 1900–2005"
3014:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2010-04-22
2834:(Preliminary Report). United States National Hurricane Center
2182:
2173:, which may also be linked to changes in the strength of the
1953:
1678:
Formation usually occurs in the eastern Caribbean around the
1457:
569:
506:
168:
161:
4211:
Kossin, James P., Emanuel, Kerry A, and Vecchi, Gabriel A.,
3118:
Effect of El Niño on U.S. Landfalling Hurricanes, Revisited.
3068:
Christopher A. Davis & Lance F. Bosart (November 2003).
3040:"Frequently Asked Questions: How do tropical cyclones form?"
2193:
during the late-Holocene as more moisture was pumped up the
1464:
years BP, and a change towards more humid conditions in the
69:
Tracks of North Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2019
4778:
4458:
4261:"Summary Statement on Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change"
3964:
10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2293:SVIMUS>2.0.CO;2
3702:
Graph showing average activity during the hurricane Season.
3360:
3043:
2929:
10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<2824:ARMSLP>2.0.CO;2
2800:"E1) Which is the most intense tropical cyclone on record?"
2640:
2539:
2140:
773:
586:
486:
469:
447:
373:
4493:
4387:
4367:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 177–221.
3493:
3095:
10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2730:BITC>2.0.CO;2
2881:"Western North Pacific Typhoon best track file 1951–2024"
2155:
2046:(2012) with a gale diameter of 870 miles (1,400 km).
2024:
remains the least active, with only one documented storm.
1635:
every 2 years. Tropical systems usually form in the
1492:
Atlantic tropical storm and hurricane frequency, by month
1448:, an anti-phase pattern is expected to exist between the
581:
4083:
3937:
Elsner, James B.; Liu, Kam-biu; Kocher, Bethany (2000).
2973:
1505:
average of every few years, a tropical cyclone develops
4238:"Population Growth Is Making Hurricanes More Expensive"
3911:
3832:"Tropics: Nadine finally done, while Oscar strengthens"
3786:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3784:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3770:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3768:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3754:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3752:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3738:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3736:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3637:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3635:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3621:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3619:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3605:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3603:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3566:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3564:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3543:
Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006
3541:
USDC and NOAA (2009) Historical Climatology Series 6-2
3411:
Franklin, James L.; Brown, Daniel P. (March 10, 2006).
2685:
2151:
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Timeseries, 1856–2013
1204:, this pressure remains the lowest measured over land.
2189:
BP, and a change towards more humid conditions in the
2606:(in Portuguese). Brazilian Navy. 2011. Archived from
4236:
Philbrick, Ian Pasad; Wu, Ashley (2 December 2022).
4156:"Can We Detect Trends in Extreme Tropical Cyclones?"
3875:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
3858:
The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996.
3194:
3192:
3036:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
3012:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
2633:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
2330:
820:
peak of activity is typically around mid-September.
4323:
4321:
4231:
4229:
3585:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center
3152:
2089:
in 1900, which may have killed up to 12,000 people.
1836:(a category 3 storm) in the 2016 hurricane season.
3235:
2947:
2914:(12). American Meteorological Society: 2824–2828.
2760:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
1389:in warm waters several hundred miles north of the
895:and their cold and warm fronts from west to east.
4365:Hurricanes and Typhoons: Past, Present and Future
3856:Edward N. Rappaport and Jose Fernandez-Partagas.
3418:(Report). United States National Hurricane Center
3189:
2955:(Report). United States National Hurricane Center
780:33 m/s, 119 km/h). Most North Atlantic
44:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
16:Tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean
6546:
4318:
4226:
4053:Nyberg, J.; Winter, A.; Malmgren, B. A. (2005).
3537:
3535:
3462:
3331:
2679:
2284:, with $ 157 billion of normalized damage.
4422:"Hurricanes, Sea Level Rise, and New York City"
4327:
4090:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3732:
3730:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3438:"Atlantic Hurricane and Tropical Storm Records"
3430:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3030:
3028:
2661:Section 2: Tropical Cyclone Motion Terminology.
5960:List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe
4150:
4144:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3456:
3301:
3070:"Baroclinically Induced Tropical Cyclogenesis"
2974:National Weather Service (November 14, 2005).
2797:
2793:
2791:
2270:most expensive storms in United States history
2071:The strongest hurricane to reach land was the
5405:
5169:
4904:
4479:
4413:
4390:"U.S. and Caribbean Hurricane Activity Rates"
4065:(52, Fall Meet. Suppl): Abstract PP21C–1597.
3778:
3762:
3746:
3650:
3648:
3629:
3613:
3597:
3583:Tropical Depression Three Discussion Number 1
3532:
3198:
3080:(11). American Meteorological Society: 2730.
2826:
729:
4381:
4334:Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting
4055:"Reconstruction of Major Hurricane Activity"
4018:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
4011:
3727:
3551:
3141:
3025:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2473:
2005:seasons. Some storms in 2005 were Hurricane
1639:or off the east coast of the United States.
1517:concluded about the storm in December 2012.
4235:
3809:Hurricane Sandy – National Hurricane Center
3581:Blake, Eric; Kelly, Larry (June 19, 2023).
3514:
3297:
3295:
3269:
2788:
2272:have occurred since 1990. According to the
2060:spawned by a hurricane were 127 created by
1682:, in the northern and eastern parts of the
794:Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
5412:
5398:
5183:
5176:
5162:
4911:
4897:
4486:
4472:
4284:Pielke, Roger A. Jr.; et al. (2008).
4277:
4046:
3645:
3580:
3487:
3465:"Late Hurricanes: a Message for the Regio"
3128:
3126:
2967:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2895:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2625:
736:
722:
4127:
4109:
4037:
3962:
3834:. Central Florida News 13. Archived from
3802:"Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Sandy"
3525:William M. Gray and Philip J. Klotzbach.
3302:Landsea, Chris; et al. (June 2013).
3265:
3263:
3261:
3093:
2927:
2853:Louisiana Geographic Information Center.
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2555:
2370:List of historical tropical cyclone names
1811:Typical locations and tracks in November.
1762:Typical locations and tracks in September
796:for tropical cyclones, as defined by the
6244:South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
4388:Risk Management Solutions (March 2006).
4253:
3894:Eric S. Blake, Edward N. Rappaport, and
3404:
3292:
2846:
2698:from the original on 30 September 2022.
2258:
2146:
2130:
1989:on record (7), also tied with 2020. The
1861:
1806:
1786:Typical locations and tracks in October.
1781:
1757:
1740:
1662:
1614:
1487:
902:
838:
64:
5419:
4361:
3243:"Hurricanes Frequently Asked Questions"
3123:
3116:Marc C. Cove, James J. O'Brien, et al.
2950:Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dean
2948:Franklin, James L. (January 31, 2008).
2936:
2820:
1733:, formed at 22.9°W and lasted 17 days.
1558:, reached the highest intensity on the
1413:. Systems may also strengthen over the
858:, former director of the United States
6547:
4283:
3354:
3258:
2873:
2713:
2156:Paleoclimatology and historical trends
2049:The longest-lasting hurricane was the
1745:Typical locations and tracks in August
1375:
5393:
5157:
4892:
4467:
4420:Center for Climate Systems Research.
4248:from the original on 6 December 2022.
3888:
3325:
2700:Source: NOAA - Graphic by Ashley Wu,
1974:, which produced 30 storms. However,
1483:
1261:Tropical Storms by Month (1851–2017)
5130:
4993:Tropical cyclones and climate change
4305:10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2008)9:1(29)
3494:Paolino, JJ; Myrie, Donovan (2011).
3050:from the original on August 27, 2009
2855:"The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale"
2506:
2504:
2401:
2241:climate change and tropical cyclones
1667:Typical locations and tracks in July
25:
6217:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
6210:North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
6143:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
6026:East Asian-northwest Pacific storms
4250:Newspaper states data source: NOAA.
4012:Chylek, Petr; Lesins, Glen (2008).
3674:
3132:
3000:
2827:Mayfield, Max (November 29, 1995).
2416:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
2111:The quickest-forming hurricane was
1560:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
1472:as more moisture was pumped up the
834:
13:
6305:Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex
6251:Australian region tropical cyclone
3463:Chambers, Gillan (December 1999).
3313:from the original on 2 August 2013
2432:
2092:The most damaging hurricanes were
1965:List of Atlantic hurricane records
1851:
1686:, in the vicinity of the northern
829:Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center
14:
6571:
4447:
3361:Hurricanes: Science and Society.
3332:Goldenburg, Stan (June 1, 2012).
3253:from the original on 4 July 2024.
2829:Hurricane Opal Preliminary Report
2798:Landsea, Chris (April 21, 2010).
2543:The Retirement of Hurricane Names
2501:
2481:World Meteorological Organization
2274:World Meteorological Organization
2229:
2215:Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
1496:Approximately 97 percent of
798:World Meteorological Organization
6526:
6512:
5468:
3498:. Stormfacts.net. Archived from
3270:Dorst, Neal (January 21, 2010).
2776:
2489:Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP)
2333:
2078:The deadliest hurricane was the
1942:
1927:
1507:outside the limits of the season
1500:that form in the North Atlantic
916:Most intense Atlantic hurricanes
705:
30:
6265:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
6224:Black Sea tropical-like cyclone
4355:
4205:
4154:; et al. (July 28, 2006).
4077:
4005:
3979:
3930:
3905:
3863:
3850:
3824:
3794:
3707:
3694:
3683:from the original on 2018-03-28
3668:
3574:
3440:. Hurricane.com. Archived from
3381:
3272:"G1) When is hurricane season?"
3110:
3061:
3038:, Hurricane Research Division.
2666:
2635:, Hurricane Research Division.
2408:
2390:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
1542:became the earliest developing
21:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
6258:South Pacific tropical cyclone
6021:Continental North Asian storms
3363:"1957 – Hurricane Audrey"
2653:
2593:
2576:"Tropical Cyclone Climatology"
2533:
2460:
2380:Mediterranean tropical cyclone
2375:Intertropical Convergence Zone
2350:2024 Atlantic hurricane season
2022:1914 Atlantic hurricane season
2018:1983 Atlantic hurricane season
1995:1961 Atlantic hurricane season
1991:1950 Atlantic hurricane season
1983:2005 Atlantic hurricane season
1972:2020 Atlantic hurricane season
1511:1938 Atlantic hurricane season
1395:Intertropical Convergence Zone
1245:
911:
1:
3914:Hurricanes and Climate Change
2883:. Japan Meteorological Agency
2672:Hurricane Research Division.
2425:
2127:Atlantic hurricane reanalysis
1921:Costliest Atlantic hurricanes
1454:North American Atlantic coast
870:influences hurricane tracks.
6560:Tropical cyclone meteorology
6519:Tropical cyclones portal
5560:Great Sheffield Gale of 1962
5500:Moray Firth fishing disaster
5043:Ridiculously Resilient Ridge
4848:Potentially hazardous object
3369:. University of Rhode Island
2518:. 2016-05-30. Archived from
2395:Western Hemisphere Warm Pool
2365:Lists of Atlantic hurricanes
1753:
1566:fourteen tropical cyclones.
1259:Total and Average Number of
898:
7:
6369:Mesoscale convective vortex
6351:Mesoscale convective system
5953:List of European windstorms
5370:Pacific Northwest windstorm
4330:"1.3: A Global Climatology"
3811:. National Hurricane Center
2466:National Hurricane Center.
2326:
2073:Labor Day Hurricane of 1935
1913:
1802:
1655:in 2023, formed at 40.3°W.
810:names retired from the list
633:Severe weather terminology
95:Temperate and polar seasons
10:
6576:
3339:Frequently Asked Questions
3277:Frequently Asked Questions
2805:Frequently Asked Questions
2762:(Database). United States
2468:Glossary of NHC/TPC Terms.
2175:North Atlantic Oscillation
2137:accumulated cyclone energy
2124:
2051:1899 San Ciriaco hurricane
1962:
1855:
1828:in mid-November 1999, and
1777:
1411:Cape Verde-type hurricanes
1249:
18:
6506:
6463:
6393:
6384:
6349:
6326:
6317:
6282:
6233:
6171:
6156:
6133:Australian east coast Low
6118:
6089:
6076:Australian east coast low
6068:
6059:
6034:
6003:
5973:
5944:
5674:
5616:1992 New Year's Day Storm
5523:
5477:
5466:
5429:
5389:
5382:
5342:
5313:
5274:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5191:
5153:
5121:
5110:
5101:
5056:
5010:
5001:
4935:
4840:
4803:
4762:
4744:
4713:
4706:
4674:
4640:
4633:
4611:
4581:
4547:
4514:
4505:
4459:National Hurricane Center
3397:National Hurricane Center
2764:National Hurricane Center
2580:National Hurricane Center
2512:"Tropical Cyclone Naming"
2355:Atlantic hurricane season
2254:
2120:
1736:
1552:Category 5 hurricane
1544:Category 4 hurricane
1397:from tropical waves. The
1258:
1144:
1106:
1103:
1090:
930:
927:
924:
921:
914:
860:National Hurricane Center
786:National Hurricane Center
5644:Boxing Day Storm of 1998
5637:Christmas Eve storm 1997
4973:Annular tropical cyclone
3902:Retrieved on 2008-03-19.
3860:Retrieved on 2008-06-10.
3704:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
3665:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
3529:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
3496:"Category Five Notables"
3120:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
2676:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
2663:Retrieved on 2007-04-10.
2552:Retrieved on 2008-06-10.
2470:Retrieved on 2006-10-28.
2341:Tropical cyclones portal
1889:sea surface temperatures
1796:sea surface temperatures
1772:sea surface temperatures
1625:sea surface temperatures
1198:1935 Labor Day hurricane
6433:Multiple-vortex tornado
5872:Friederike (David) 2018
5865:Eleanor (Burglind) 2018
5588:December 1981 windstorm
5546:North Sea flood of 1953
5459:Christmas Flood of 1717
4177:10.1126/science.1128448
4111:10.1073/pnas.1920849117
2160:Proxy records based on
2080:Great Hurricane of 1780
1690:, and off the coast of
1658:
1610:
1562:on July 17, 2005.
1154:maximum sustained winds
6374:Line echo wave pattern
6328:Mesoscale ocean eddies
6097:Southern Ocean cyclone
5185:Extratropical cyclones
4978:Bar (tropical cyclone)
4968:Central dense overcast
4293:Natural Hazards Review
3991:www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/
3916:. New York: Springer.
3221:10.1006/qres.1999.2062
3175:10.1006/qres.2000.2166
3074:Monthly Weather Review
2908:Monthly Weather Review
2448:National Ocean Service
2265:
2152:
2144:
2116:early on September 13.
1867:
1812:
1787:
1763:
1746:
1668:
1629:convective instability
1620:
1493:
908:
893:extratropical cyclones
844:
694:Tropical cyclone terms
70:
5746:Friedhelm/Bawbag 2011
5609:Burns' Day storm 1990
5493:Night of the Big Wind
5214:Post-tropical cyclone
4963:Rapid intensification
4338:Bureau of Meteorology
3133:Liu, Kam-biu (1999).
2296:populated coastline.
2262:
2150:
2134:
1865:
1856:Further information:
1810:
1785:
1761:
1744:
1666:
1618:
1491:
1252:Tropical cyclogenesis
906:
842:
301:Extratropical cyclone
225:Air-mass thunderstorm
68:
6533:Tornadoes portal
6443:Anticyclonic tornado
6411:Low-topped supercell
6189:Cape Verde hurricane
5581:Gale of January 1976
4328:Neumann, Charles J.
4039:10.1029/2008JD010036
3475:on 15 September 2012
2708:cites for 2022— data
2282:1926 Miami hurricane
2204:the Eastern Seaboard
2162:paleotempestological
2082:(22,000 fatalities).
1815:Wind shear from the
1277:January — April
661:Weather modification
259:Anticyclonic tornado
6555:Atlantic hurricanes
6235:Southern Hemisphere
6173:Northern Hemisphere
6061:Southern Hemisphere
6016:Western Disturbance
5830:Thomas (Doris) 2017
5602:Great storm of 1987
5567:1968 Scotland storm
5507:Tay Bridge disaster
5486:Great Storm of 1824
5452:Great Storm of 1703
5422:European windstorms
5251:Northern Hemisphere
5069:South Atlantic High
5057:Southern Hemisphere
5033:North American High
5011:Northern Hemisphere
4426:Columbia University
4102:2020PNAS..11711975K
4096:(22): 11975–11980.
4071:2005AGUFMPP21C1597N
4030:2008JGRD..11322106C
3987:"Killer Hurricanes"
3955:2000JCli...13.2293E
3654:Anantha R. Aiyyer.
3367:Storms in the 1950s
3213:1999QuRes..52..159H
3201:Quaternary Research
3167:2000QuRes..54..238L
3155:Quaternary Research
3086:2003MWRv..131.2730D
2988:on November 2, 2012
2920:1989MWRv..117.2824W
2522:on December 4, 2023
2290:Christopher Landsea
2243:and model studies.
2087:Galveston Hurricane
1904:first storm of 1938
1900:Tropical Storm Zeta
1653:Tropical Storm Bret
1568:Tropical Storm Zeta
1158:barometric pressure
866:systems and toward
656:Weather forecasting
492:Rain and snow mixed
318:Subtropical cyclone
6182:Atlantic hurricane
6138:Lake Huron cyclone
5199:Anticyclonic storm
5074:South Pacific High
5038:North Pacific High
4953:High-pressure area
4943:Anticyclonic storm
4499:list by death toll
4242:The New York Times
3943:Journal of Climate
3838:on October 6, 2012
3661:2008-05-28 at the
3444:on January 3, 2013
2702:The New York Times
2692:The New York Times
2613:on 6 February 2015
2548:2008-05-11 at the
2483:(April 25, 2006).
2266:
2195:Mississippi Valley
2153:
2145:
2113:Hurricane Humberto
1868:
1813:
1788:
1764:
1747:
1669:
1621:
1494:
1484:Seasonal variation
1474:Mississippi Valley
1409:Islands, creating
1186:Hurricane Patricia
909:
875:tropical latitudes
868:low-pressure areas
845:
806:predetermined list
750:Atlantic hurricane
712:Weather portal
328:Atlantic hurricane
306:European windstorm
213:Volcanic lightning
174:Cumulonimbus cloud
71:
6542:
6541:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6438:Satellite tornado
6313:
6312:
6278:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6198:Pacific hurricane
6114:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6055:
6054:
5999:
5998:
5969:
5968:
5514:Eyemouth disaster
5430:14th-18th century
5378:
5377:
5338:
5337:
5219:Low-pressure area
5097:
5096:
5089:Subtropical ridge
5048:Subtropical ridge
4958:Low-pressure area
4928:Centers of action
4886:
4885:
4863:Geomagnetic storm
4836:
4835:
4702:
4701:
4629:
4628:
4573:Soil liquefaction
4495:Natural disasters
4171:(5786): 452–454.
3993:. 1 November 2017
3949:(13): 2293–2305.
3923:978-0-387-09409-0
3502:on 28 August 2017
2402:Explanatory notes
2385:Pacific hurricane
2139:(ACE) index from
2094:Hurricane Katrina
1935:Hurricane Katrina
1858:Off-season storms
1498:tropical cyclones
1440:According to the
1380:
1379:
1376:Source: NOAA FAQ
1272:Average per year
1240:Yucatán Peninsula
1194:Hurricane Gilbert
1149:
1148:
880:subtropical ridge
848:Tropical cyclones
816:or greater). The
782:tropical cyclones
746:
745:
63:
62:
6567:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6391:
6390:
6324:
6323:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6236:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6200:
6191:
6184:
6174:
6169:
6168:
6081:Black nor'easter
6066:
6065:
6062:
5981:Black Sea storms
5962:
5955:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5623:Braer Storm 1993
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5472:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5424:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5331:
5324:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5272:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5155:
5154:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5108:
5107:
5064:South Polar High
5018:North Polar High
5008:
5007:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4890:
4889:
4795:Tropical cyclone
4789:Tornado outbreak
4711:
4710:
4638:
4637:
4591:Pyroclastic flow
4583:Volcano eruption
4512:
4511:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4465:
4464:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4428:. Archived from
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4401:
4395:. Archived from
4394:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4344:on June 28, 2001
4340:. Archived from
4325:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4307:. Archived from
4290:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4265:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4233:
4224:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4160:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4131:
4113:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3909:
3903:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3867:
3861:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3806:
3798:
3792:
3782:
3776:
3766:
3760:
3750:
3744:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3711:
3705:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3675:Landsea, Chris.
3672:
3666:
3652:
3643:
3633:
3627:
3617:
3611:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3578:
3572:
3562:
3549:
3539:
3530:
3523:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3400:. July 20, 2016.
3393:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3267:
3256:
3254:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3150:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3121:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2980:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2954:
2945:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2795:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2756:
2711:
2705:
2683:
2677:
2670:
2664:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2572:
2553:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2477:
2471:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2436:
2419:
2412:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2224:solar irradiance
2208:the Arctic Ocean
2098:Hurricane Harvey
1987:major hurricanes
1950:Hurricane Harvey
1946:
1931:
1898:in 1954–55, and
1838:Hurricane Paloma
1770:and the warmest
1727:Hurricane Bertha
1673:tropical cyclone
1645:Hurricane Audrey
1633:tropical cyclone
1590:Hurricane Hattie
1548:Hurricane Dennis
1536:Hurricane Audrey
1468:during the late-
1426:upper-level lows
1256:
1255:
912:
835:Steering factors
754:tropical cyclone
738:
731:
724:
710:
709:
323:Tropical cyclone
235:Dry thunderstorm
130:Tropical seasons
73:
72:
58:
55:
49:
42:factual accuracy
34:
33:
26:
6575:
6574:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6564:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6527:
6525:
6513:
6511:
6490:
6459:
6380:
6345:
6309:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6234:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6196:
6187:
6180:
6172:
6160:
6152:
6106:
6085:
6060:
6051:
6030:
5995:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5765:
5758:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5681:
5670:
5663:
5656:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5628:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5473:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5445:Burchardi flood
5443:
5438:Grote Mandrenke
5436:
5425:
5420:
5418:
5374:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5309:
5302:
5297:Great basin low
5295:
5288:
5283:Alberta clipper
5281:
5259:
5250:
5245:
5187:
5182:
5149:
5145:South Polar low
5140:North Polar low
5122:
5111:
5093:
5084:Australian High
5052:
4997:
4931:
4917:
4887:
4882:
4832:
4799:
4763:Cyclonic storms
4758:
4740:
4698:
4694:Limnic eruption
4670:
4644:
4625:
4613:Natural erosion
4607:
4577:
4551:
4543:
4501:
4492:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4435:
4433:
4418:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4386:
4382:
4375:
4360:
4356:
4347:
4345:
4326:
4319:
4311:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4270:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4234:
4227:
4210:
4206:
4197:
4195:
4158:
4149:
4145:
4082:
4078:
4051:
4047:
4024:(D22): D22106.
4010:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3910:
3906:
3893:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3814:
3812:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3783:
3779:
3767:
3763:
3751:
3747:
3735:
3728:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3699:
3695:
3686:
3684:
3673:
3669:
3663:Wayback Machine
3653:
3646:
3634:
3630:
3618:
3614:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3579:
3575:
3563:
3552:
3540:
3533:
3524:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3461:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3413:Hurricane Emily
3409:
3405:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3370:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3300:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3268:
3259:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3197:
3190:
3151:
3142:
3131:
3124:
3115:
3111:
3066:
3062:
3053:
3051:
3033:
3026:
3017:
3015:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2937:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2861:on June 1, 2013
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2796:
2789:
2777:
2769:
2767:
2766:. April 5, 2023
2758:
2757:
2714:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2556:
2550:Wayback Machine
2538:
2534:
2525:
2523:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2493:
2491:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2257:
2232:
2158:
2129:
2123:
2075:(892 hPa).
2044:Hurricane Sandy
2029:Hurricane Wilma
1967:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1947:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1896:Hurricane Alice
1860:
1854:
1852:December to May
1826:Hurricane Lenny
1805:
1780:
1756:
1739:
1719:Hurricane Beryl
1711:Hurricane Emily
1680:Lesser Antilles
1661:
1613:
1585:Hurricane Lenny
1572:Hurricane Alice
1486:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1228:Hurricane Maria
1177:Hurricane Wilma
1162:Hurricane Allen
1150:
1145:Source: HURDAT
901:
837:
823:In April 2004,
788:(NHC) monitors
742:
704:
699:
698:
674:
666:
665:
524:
514:
513:
426:
416:
415:
404:Ground blizzard
164:
154:
153:
132:
122:
121:
97:
59:
53:
50:
47:
39:This article's
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6573:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6522:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6467:
6465:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6446:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6425:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6397:
6395:
6388:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6376:
6366:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6332:
6330:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6239:
6237:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6206:
6201:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6177:
6175:
6166:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6124:
6122:
6116:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6099:
6093:
6091:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6072:
6070:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6007:
6005:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5977:
5975:
5971:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5963:
5956:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5931:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5802:Christina 2014
5798:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5574:Quimburga 1972
5570:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5394:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5325:
5322:Panhandle hook
5317:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5278:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5188:
5181:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5158:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5125:
5116:
5113:Synoptic scale
5105:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5014:
5012:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4926:of the world (
4916:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4893:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4813:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4782:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4750:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4717:
4715:
4708:
4707:Meteorological
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4563:Seismic hazard
4559:
4557:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4491:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4449:
4448:External links
4446:
4443:
4442:
4412:
4380:
4373:
4354:
4317:
4314:on 2013-06-17.
4276:
4273:on 2009-03-25.
4252:
4225:
4204:
4152:Landsea, Chris
4143:
4076:
4059:Eos Trans. AGU
4045:
4004:
3978:
3929:
3922:
3904:
3887:
3862:
3849:
3823:
3793:
3777:
3761:
3745:
3726:
3706:
3693:
3667:
3644:
3628:
3612:
3596:
3573:
3550:
3531:
3513:
3486:
3455:
3429:
3403:
3380:
3353:
3324:
3291:
3257:
3234:
3207:(2): 159–170.
3188:
3161:(2): 238–245.
3140:
3122:
3109:
3060:
3024:
2999:
2966:
2935:
2894:
2872:
2845:
2819:
2787:
2712:
2678:
2665:
2652:
2624:
2592:
2554:
2532:
2516:public.wmo.int
2500:
2472:
2459:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2328:
2325:
2256:
2253:
2236:Saffir–Simpson
2231:
2230:Climate change
2228:
2157:
2154:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:Hurricane Ivan
2054:
2047:
2040:
2025:
2014:
2009:and Hurricane
1979:
1948:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1908:Hurricane Alex
1853:
1850:
1846:Hurricane Iota
1834:Hurricane Otto
1830:Hurricane Kate
1822:Cuba hurricane
1804:
1801:
1779:
1776:
1755:
1752:
1738:
1735:
1704:Gulf of Mexico
1684:Gulf of Mexico
1660:
1657:
1637:Gulf of Mexico
1612:
1609:
1597:Hurricane Iota
1528:Hurricane Alma
1519:Hurricane Able
1485:
1482:
1452:coast and the
1450:Gulf of Mexico
1444:hypothesis by
1403:Gulf of Mexico
1399:Coriolis force
1387:tropical waves
1378:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1247:
1244:
1216:Gulf of Mexico
1208:Hurricane Rita
1173:Hurricane Opal
1156:or its lowest
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
992:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
971:
966:
962:
961:
958:
955:
950:
945:
941:
940:
937:
933:
932:
929:
926:
923:
919:
918:
910:
900:
897:
836:
833:
818:climatological
744:
743:
741:
740:
733:
726:
718:
715:
714:
701:
700:
697:
696:
691:
686:
684:Climate change
681:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
653:
652:
651:
650:
649:
644:
639:
631:
626:
619:Severe weather
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
595:
594:
589:
579:
578:
577:
567:
562:
561:
560:
555:
550:
545:
537:
536:
531:
525:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
511:
510:
509:
504:
499:
494:
484:
479:
478:
477:
467:
462:
457:
456:
455:
453:Megacryometeor
445:
440:
439:
438:
427:
422:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
386:
381:
376:
371:
370:
369:
359:
358:
357:
352:
342:
337:
336:
335:
330:
320:
315:
314:
313:
308:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
272:
271:
266:
261:
251:
250:
249:
239:
238:
237:
232:
227:
217:
216:
215:
205:
204:
203:
198:
193:
183:
182:
181:
176:
165:
160:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
146:
145:
144:
133:
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
98:
93:
92:
89:
88:
82:
81:
61:
60:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6572:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6535:
6534:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6462:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:Catalina eddy
6334:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6290:Cold-core low
6288:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6232:
6225:
6221:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6195:
6190:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6159:
6155:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6058:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5986:Icelandic Low
5984:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5918:
5915:
5911:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5827:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5428:
5423:
5415:
5410:
5408:
5403:
5401:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5330:
5329:November gale
5326:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5260:North America
5257:
5254:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5174:
5172:
5167:
5165:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5123:Surface-based
5120:
5117:
5114:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5079:Kalahari High
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5023:Siberian High
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4914:
4909:
4907:
4902:
4900:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4858:Meteor shower
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4829:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Coastal flood
4654:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4489:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4432:on 2007-01-02
4431:
4427:
4423:
4416:
4402:on 2007-06-14
4398:
4391:
4384:
4376:
4374:0-231-12388-4
4370:
4366:
4358:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4324:
4322:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4269:
4262:
4256:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4230:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4049:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4008:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3974:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3897:
3896:Chris Landsea
3891:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3859:
3853:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3810:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3703:
3697:
3682:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3642:
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2887:September 22,
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2838:September 22,
2830:
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2812:September 22,
2807:
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2783:public domain
2770:September 17,
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2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:had the most
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1955:
1951:
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1911:
1909:
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1874:
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1842:Hurricane Eta
1839:
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1797:
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1218:. Hurricanes
1217:
1213:
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1199:
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864:high pressure
861:
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752:is a type of
751:
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727:
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719:
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695:
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689:Tornado terms
687:
685:
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669:
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647:United States
645:
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529:Air pollution
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424:Precipitation
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57:
45:
43:
37:
28:
27:
22:
6524:
6510:
6423:Funnel cloud
6341:Haida Eddies
6300:Polar vortex
6181:
5858:Herwart 2017
5851:Ophelia 2017
5774:St Jude 2013
5753:Joachim 2011
5732:Xynthia 2010
5690:Jeanett 2002
5675:21st century
5595:Charley 1986
5532:Ulysses 1903
5524:20th century
5478:19th century
5355:Hatteras low
5350:Aleutian Low
5290:Colorado low
5224:Weather bomb
4924:anticyclones
4853:Impact event
4841:Astronomical
4775:Thunderstorm
4770:Bomb cyclone
4634:Hydrological
4603:Volcanic ash
4568:Seismic risk
4516:Mass wasting
4434:. Retrieved
4430:the original
4415:
4404:. Retrieved
4397:the original
4383:
4364:
4357:
4346:. Retrieved
4342:the original
4333:
4309:the original
4299:(1): 29–42.
4296:
4292:
4279:
4268:the original
4255:
4241:
4218:
4212:
4207:
4196:. Retrieved
4168:
4162:
4146:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4021:
4017:
4007:
3995:. Retrieved
3990:
3981:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3913:
3907:
3890:
3878:. Retrieved
3865:
3852:
3840:. Retrieved
3836:the original
3826:
3813:. Retrieved
3808:
3796:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3741:
3737:
3718:
3709:
3696:
3685:. Retrieved
3670:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3587:. Retrieved
3576:
3569:
3565:
3546:
3542:
3506:22 September
3504:. Retrieved
3500:the original
3489:
3479:22 September
3477:. Retrieved
3473:the original
3468:
3458:
3446:. Retrieved
3442:the original
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3406:
3395:
3383:
3371:. Retrieved
3366:
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3338:
3327:
3315:. Retrieved
3282:. Retrieved
3276:
3246:
3237:
3204:
3200:
3158:
3154:
3134:
3112:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3052:. Retrieved
3016:. Retrieved
3011:
3002:
2990:. Retrieved
2983:the original
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2911:
2907:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2875:
2863:. Retrieved
2859:the original
2848:
2836:. Retrieved
2822:
2810:. Retrieved
2804:
2768:. Retrieved
2701:
2699:
2691:
2681:
2668:
2659:U. S. Navy.
2655:
2644:. Retrieved
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2608:the original
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2535:
2524:. Retrieved
2520:the original
2515:
2492:. Retrieved
2488:
2475:
2462:
2451:. Retrieved
2443:
2434:
2410:
2321:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2277:
2267:
2249:
2245:
2233:
2218:
2212:
2191:Great Plains
2185:around 3200
2179:
2159:
2106:2017 seasons
1893:
1869:
1814:
1789:
1765:
1748:
1708:
1677:
1670:
1641:
1622:
1564:
1495:
1466:Great Plains
1460:around 3200
1439:
1419:
1381:
1232:
1206:
1170:
1151:
878:
872:
846:
822:
802:
778:
749:
747:
465:Diamond dust
389:Winter storm
327:
220:Thunderstorm
51:
40:
6481:Steam devil
6401:Mesocyclone
6295:Cut-off low
6283:Upper level
6120:Subtropical
6090:Other areas
6035:Other areas
6011:Asiatic Low
5935:Ciarán 2023
5921:Larisa 2023
5914:Eunice 2022
5900:Aurore 2021
5893:Dennis 2020
5879:Adrian 2018
5844:Xavier 2017
5816:Niklas 2015
5767:Andrea 2012
5760:Dagmar 2011
5711:Kyrill 2007
5697:Gudrun 2005
5683:Oratia 2000
5665:Martin 1999
5658:Lothar 1999
5651:Anatol 1999
5553:Debbie 1961
5539:Iberia 1941
5304:Bighorn Low
5275:Lee Cyclone
5268:Continental
5028:Azores High
5003:Anticyclone
4868:Solar flare
4754:Megadrought
4714:Temperature
4687:Megatsunami
4666:Storm surge
4661:Flash flood
4539:Debris flow
3422:3 September
3373:3 September
3346:3 September
2444:OCEAN FACTS
2313:1887 season
2171:Azores High
2066:2004 season
1794:, although
1750:September.
1700:Gulf Stream
1446:Kam-biu Liu
1442:Azores High
1422:cold fronts
1415:Gulf Stream
1383:Climatology
1246:Climatology
990:"Labor Day"
852:troposphere
679:Meteorology
614:Meteorology
502:Snow roller
497:Snow grains
460:Ice pellets
409:Snow squall
340:Storm surge
286:Anticyclone
242:Mesocyclone
230:Thundersnow
179:Arcus cloud
6549:Categories
6486:Fire whirl
6476:Dust devil
6455:Waterspout
6416:Wall cloud
6128:Kona storm
6047:Kona storm
5928:Babet 2023
5907:Malik 2022
5886:Ciara 2020
5781:Xaver 2013
5739:Berit 2011
5725:Klaus 2009
5360:Nor'easter
4983:Superstorm
4549:Earthquake
4507:Geological
4436:2006-11-29
4406:2006-11-30
4348:2006-11-30
4198:2007-06-09
3997:20 January
3880:4 November
3815:4 November
3687:2018-10-05
3054:2006-07-26
3018:2010-06-15
2646:2006-07-25
2617:6 February
2585:4 November
2526:2023-11-08
2494:2006-11-05
2453:2018-12-24
2426:References
2360:Hebert Box
2317:1821 storm
2125:See also:
1963:See also:
1817:westerlies
1792:wind shear
1768:wind shear
1515:reanalysis
1407:Cape Verde
1250:See also:
925:Hurricane
889:westerlies
856:Neil Frank
814:Category 3
673:Glossaries
609:Jet stream
548:Convection
534:Atmosphere
482:Cloudburst
345:Dust storm
311:Nor'easter
281:Fire whirl
276:Dust devil
269:Waterspout
196:Heat burst
191:Microburst
149:Wet season
137:Dry season
6450:Landspout
6406:Supercell
6386:Whirlwind
6319:Mesoscale
6102:Sudestada
6069:Australia
5991:Genoa low
5837:Zeus 2017
5823:Egon 2017
5809:Tini 2014
5795:Anne 2014
5788:Dirk 2013
5718:Emma 2008
5630:Lili 1996
5229:Sting jet
4988:Hypercane
4878:Hypernova
4873:Supernova
4821:Firestorm
4736:Heat wave
4731:Ice storm
4726:Cold wave
4529:Avalanche
4524:Landslide
4120:0027-8424
3973:131457444
3842:4 October
3317:14 August
3284:14 August
3229:129650957
3183:140723229
3104:1520-0493
2217:. Nyberg
2135:Atlantic
2058:tornadoes
2056:The most
1754:September
1698:over the
1601:hurricane
1393:near the
1332:September
1283:<0.05
1202:dropsonde
931:Pressure
899:Intensity
770:tornadoes
758:hurricane
604:Heat wave
599:Cold wave
543:Chemistry
394:Ice storm
384:Firestorm
296:Polar low
264:Landspout
247:Supercell
208:Lightning
186:Downburst
142:Harmattan
76:Part of
54:July 2023
6471:Gustnado
6364:Mesohigh
6359:Wake Low
6158:Tropical
5945:See also
5704:Per 2007
5365:Gulf low
5241:Rainband
5192:Concepts
4936:Concepts
4920:Cyclones
4828:ARkStorm
4816:Wildfire
4721:Blizzard
4621:Sinkhole
4246:Archived
4193:29364864
4185:16873634
4138:32424081
3720:ABC News
3681:Archived
3659:Archived
3589:July 21,
3448:March 5,
3311:Archived
3251:Archived
3048:Archived
2696:Archived
2546:Archived
2327:See also
2199:Cape Cod
1914:Extremes
1803:November
1696:Virginia
1478:Cape Cod
1470:Holocene
1365:December
1354:November
1235:landfall
825:Catarina
790:tropical
764:", and "
475:Freezing
436:Freezing
399:Blizzard
78:a series
6428:Tornado
6204:Typhoon
6163:Outline
6148:Thermal
5343:Oceanic
5209:Cyclone
5103:Cyclone
4811:Derecho
4785:Tornado
4746:Drought
4682:Tsunami
4534:Mudflow
4164:Science
4129:7275711
4098:Bibcode
4067:Bibcode
4026:Bibcode
3951:Bibcode
3209:Bibcode
3163:Bibcode
3082:Bibcode
2916:Bibcode
2485:"RSMCs"
2187:C years
2100:of the
2035:) (882
2007:Katrina
1778:October
1688:Bahamas
1502:develop
1434:La Niña
1430:El Niño
1391:equator
1343:October
1212:Katrina
1182:Pacific
1074:Katrina
1053:Camille
969:Gilbert
928:Season
873:In the
766:cyclone
762:typhoon
629:Extreme
575:Physics
565:Climate
553:Physics
443:Graupel
431:Drizzle
379:Sirocco
362:Monsoon
333:Typhoon
291:Cyclone
254:Tornado
201:Derecho
86:Weather
6042:Arctic
5383:Europe
4371:
4220:Nature
4191:
4183:
4136:
4126:
4118:
3971:
3920:
3700:NOAA.
3227:
3181:
3102:
2293:et al.
2278:et al.
2264:areas.
2255:Impact
2219:et al.
2121:Trends
1906:, and
1883:, and
1737:August
1594:2020's
1321:August
1140:26.81
1107:26.73
1086:26.64
1065:26.58
1044:26.55
1023:26.43
1002:26.34
981:26.23
960:26.05
885:trough
637:Canada
592:Season
522:Topics
367:Amihan
355:Haboob
350:Simoom
162:Storms
117:Autumn
112:Summer
107:Spring
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5132:Polar
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2619:2015
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