243:
40:
759:
356:
113:, it had specific rules by which it could be used, and the fast was often carried out on the doorstep of the home of the offender. Scholars speculate that this was due to the high importance the culture placed on hospitality. Allowing a person to die at one's doorstep, for a wrong of which one was accused, was considered a great dishonor. Others say that the practice was to fast for one whole night, as there is no evidence of people fasting to death in pre-Christian Ireland. The fasts were primarily undertaken to recover debts or get justice for a perceived wrong. Legends of
184:
698:
633:, was called off before any deaths, when the British government seemed to offer to concede their demands; however, the British Government then reneged on the details of the agreement. The prisoners then called another hunger strike the following year. This time, instead of many prisoners striking at the same time, the hunger strikers started fasting one after the other in order to maximise publicity over the fate of each one.
261:
940:(AMA) is a member of the WMA, but the AMA's members are not bound by the WMA's decisions, as neither organization has formal legal powers. The AMA has formally endorsed the WMA Declaration of Tokyo and has written several letters to the US government and made public statements in opposition to US physician involvement in force feeding of hunger strikers in contravention of medical ethics. The United States
927:
Where a prisoner refuses nourishment and is considered by the physician as capable of forming an unimpaired and rational judgement concerning the consequences of such a voluntary refusal of nourishment, they shall not be fed artificially. The decision as to the capacity of the prisoner to form such a
922:
states that doctors are not allowed to force-feed hunger strikers. They are supposed to understand the prisoner's independent wishes, and it is recommended to have a second opinion as to the capability of the prisoner to understand the implication of their decision and be capable of informed consent.
576:
used hunger strikes as a political weapon at this time. Meins went on hunger strike for the first time in 1973 together with other prisoners in protest against the prison conditions. The RAF prisoners wanted to be pooled together and claimed prisoner of war status. The 1.83m tall Meins still weighed
944:
rule on hunger strikes by prisoners states, "It is the responsibility of the Bureau of
Prisons to monitor the health and welfare of individual inmates, and to ensure that procedures are pursued to preserve life." It further provides that when "a medical necessity for immediate treatment of a life or
679:
by electorates who wished to register their opposition to the
British Government's policy. The ten men survived without food for 46 to 73 days, taking only water and salt, before succumbing. After the deaths of the men and severe public disorder, the British Government granted partial concessions to
900:(known as AntĂşnez) has done hunger strikes. In 2009, following the end of his 17-year imprisonment, AntĂşnez, his wife Iris, and Diosiris Santana PĂ©rez started a hunger strike to support other political prisoners. Leaders from Uruguay, Costa Rica, and Argentina declared their support for AntĂşnez.
907:, a dissident arrested in 2003 as part of a crackdown on opposition groups, died in a hospital while undertaking a hunger strike that had been ongoing for 85 days. His hunger strike was a protest against poor prison conditions. Amnesty International had declared him a prisoner of conscience.
471:
In
February 1923, 23 women (members of Cumann na mBan) went on hunger strike for 34 days over the arrest and imprisonment without trial of Irish republican prisoners. The Free State subsequently released the women republican prisoners. Most of the male republicans were not released until the
124:, the practice of a hunger protest, where the protester fasts at the door of an offending party (typically a debtor) in a public call for justice, was abolished by the government in 1861; this indicates the prevalence of the practice prior to that date, or at least a public awareness of it.
1847:
1991:
371:
legal system. The tradition is ultimately most likely part of the still older Indo-European tradition of which the Irish were part. Within the 20th century a total of 22 Irish republicans died on hunger strike with survivors suffering long-term health and psychological effects.
312:
not only due to the effects of force-feeding, but a cruel separation from family contact and mental health deterioration, secret transfer to a lunatic asylum and needed lifelong mental institutional care. In
December 1912, a Scottish prison put four suffragettes in the
783:
was imprisoned in 1908, 1909, 1913, 1917, 1919, 1922, 1930, 1932, 1933, and 1942. Because of Gandhi's stature around the world, British authorities were loath to allow him to die in their custody; Gandhi engaged in several famous hunger strikes to protest
328:(nicknamed the "Cat and Mouse Act") changed policy. Hunger strikes were tolerated but prisoners were released when they became sick. When they had recovered, the suffragettes were taken back to prison to finish their sentences. About 100 women received
1831:
1987:
932:
The World
Medical Association (WMA) recently revised and updated its Declaration of Malta on Hunger Strikers. Among many changes, it unambiguously states that force feeding is a form of inhumane and degrading treatment in its Article 21.
2071:
868:, an imprisoned poet and dissident, declared himself on hunger strike. After 53 days on hunger strike, receiving only liquids, he died of starvation on May 25, 1972. His last days were related by his close friend, poet
1988:"WMA – the World Medical Association – WMA DECLARATION OF TOKYO – GUIDELINES FOR PHYSICIANS CONCERNING TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT IN RELATION TO DETENTION AND IMPRISONMENT"
1400:"END HUNGER STRIKE OF CORK PRISONERS; Sinn Féin Leader Absolves Them and They Take Food After 94 Days' Fast. AMBUSH FIVE JOURNALISTS Soldiers Kill Two and Capture Seven of the Attackers—Mrs. MacSwiney Coming Here"
363:
Hunger strikes have deep roots in Irish society and in the Irish psyche. Fasting in order to bring attention to an injustice which one felt under his lord, and thus shame him, was a common feature of
70:, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Most hunger strikers will take liquids but not solid food. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named
2075:
928:
judgement should be confirmed by at least one other independent physician. The consequences of the refusal of nourishment shall be explained by the physician to the prisoner.
496:, died during the 1923 Irish Hunger Strikes. The strike, however, was called off by Republican leadership in the camps (November 23, 1923) before any more deaths occurred.
1873:
1089:
284:. Other suffragettes in prison also undertook hunger strikes. The prison authorities subjected them to force-feeding, which the suffragettes categorized as a form of
1145:
Joyce, Patrick Weston, A Smaller Social
History of ancient Ireland (Longman, Green & Co, 1906), Chapter IV: The Administration of Justice, p.86. Found online at
656:
457:
by the
British. Conditions on board were "unbelievable" and there were several hunger strikes, including one involving upwards of 150 men in the winter of 1923.
325:
336:
1899:
2017:
2099:
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164:. Death usually occurs when a hunger striker has lost about 40–50% of their pre-strike weight at about 60–70 days in. Obese individuals can last longer.
2115:"The long history of the Irish hunger strike: New exhibition in Kilmainham Gaol tells the story from Thomas Ashe to Bobby Sands" Irish Times 2017-09-21
1410:
990:
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541:(IRA) in the early 1970s, when several republicans successfully used hunger strikes to get themselves released from custody without charge in the
1024:
194:
1939:
1921:
507:
in 1932, military pensions were awarded to dependants of republicans who died in 1920s hunger strikes on the same basis as those who were
1251:
Stevenson, R. J., & Prescott, J. (2014). Human diet and cognition. Wiley
Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 5(4), 463–475.
335:
Like their
British counterparts, American suffragettes also used this method of political protest. A few years before the passage of the
1131:
771:
1742:
2114:
1805:
431:, died in this protest. Demanding reinstatement of political status and release from prison, nine men undertook a hunger strike at
647:
being the last to die after 60 days. There was widespread sympathy for the hunger strikers from Irish republicans and the broader
242:
1775:
945:
health threatening situation exists, the physician may order that treatment be administered without the consent of the inmate."
1869:
1073:
830:(Immortal being) in Coastal Andra for his role in achieving the linguistic re-organisation of states. As a devout follower of
1965:
1687:
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1481:
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834:, he worked for much of his life to uphold principles such as truth, non-violence and patriotism, as well as causes such as
39:
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1207:
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In addition to Gandhi, various others used the hunger strike option during the Indian independence movement, including
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376:
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movement to end the traditional alienation of, and accord respect and humane treatment to those traditionally called "
1719:
1655:
1312:
745:
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224:
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becomes life-threatening. There are examples of hunger strikers dying after 46 to 73 days of strike, for example the
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the word "killed" includes ... death as an immediate result of refusing to take nourishment while detained in prison
727:
859:
820:
1895:
2013:
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undertook a hunger strike for 56 days in an attempt to achieve the formation of a separate state, to be known as
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17:
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248:
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380:
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305:
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708:
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1943:
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59:
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301:
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mode". At this point the body "mines" the muscles and vital organs for energy, and loss of
31:
883:
47:, Poland, in 2017, protesting the planned incorporation of their community to the city of
8:
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676:
542:
329:
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was the first in 1909. She was released, as the authorities did not want her to become a
273:
2104:
2040:"American Medical Association Opposes Force-Feeding Prisoners On Hunger Strike At Gitmo"
1768:"Years of Arrests & Imprisonments of Mahatma Gandhi | Chronology of Mahatma Gandhi"
1524:
887:
869:
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610:
344:
318:
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206:
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2105:
Fasting as a Method To Demand
International Protection For the People of Darfur, Sudan
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1613:
500:
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408:
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are believed to have had serious health problems caused by force feeding, dying of a
890:. He ended it in Autumn 2006, with severe health problems although still conscious.
680:
the prisoners, and the strike was called off. The hunger strikes gave a significant
534:. Hundreds of others carried out shorter hunger strikes during the de Valera years.
85:), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of
44:
2149:
2110:
Bibliography on hunger strikes and force-feeding in the IFHHRO Right to Health Wiki
1048:"Anatomy Of A Hunger Strike: Why Is It Done And What Does It Do To The Human Body?"
800:
660:
626:
573:
558:
550:
508:
481:
454:
432:
293:
1957:
321:, Aberdeen still subjected them to force-feeding when they went on hunger strike.
2014:"WMA – the World Medical Association-WMA Declaration of Malta on Hunger Strikers"
1153:
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473:
436:
396:
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engaged in a hunger strike and endured forced feedings while incarcerated at the
1074:"Military Is Waiting Longer Before Force-Feeding Hunger Strikers, Detainees Say"
1798:"Bhagat Singh: Latest News, Videos and Photos of Bhagat Singh | Times of India"
904:
839:
831:
780:
630:
596:
561:, died in 1976 after a 62-day hunger strike which he began as a campaign to be
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484:(a total of over 12,000 republicans had been interned by May 1923). Three men,
412:
308:, a working class supporter of women's suffrage, was the subject of a pamphlet
78:
1832:"Actor Saichand pays tribute to Potti Sriramulu on his 70th death anniversary"
1648:
Out of the Ashes: An Oral History of the Provisional Irish Republican Movement
1322:
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1120:
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In 1980, seven Irish Republican prisoners, six from the IRA and one from the
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called off the strikes after the deaths of MacSwiney, Murphy and Fitzgerald.
384:
114:
86:
480:
prisoners went on hunger strike to protest their continued detention by the
816:
796:
652:
640:
622:
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569:
531:
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1870:"Guillermo Fariñas ends seven-month-old hunger strike for Internet access"
1679:
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450:
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364:
153:
260:
1135:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 490.
681:
562:
400:
340:
149:
110:
97:
Fasting was used as a method of protesting injustice in pre-Christian
1147:
https://www.libraryireland.com/SocialHistoryAncientIreland/I-IV-6.php
792:
697:
609:
launched a hunger strike as a protest against the revocation by the
117:, the patron saint of Ireland, have used the hunger strike as well.
81:) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a
1922:"Additional Latin American Leaders Join in Solidarity with AntĂşnez"
1896:"Cyber-freedom prize for 2006 awarded to Guillermo Fariñas of Cuba"
643:
prisoners to die after 66 days during the 1981 hunger strike, with
296:
died shortly after being force-fed in prison, and others including
161:
141:
1556:
Ruairà Ó Brádaigh: The Life and Politics of an Irish Revolutionary
1337:
1124:
2100:"Hunger Strikes, Force-feeding, and Physicians' Responsibilities"
1260:
Johnstone A. Fasting the ultimate diet. Obes Rev 2007, 8:211–222.
975:"Hunger Strikes Have Long Served as a Tool of Nonviolent Protest"
886:
did a seven-month hunger strike to protest against the extensive
835:
285:
145:
133:
98:
67:
63:
1369:, "A Pre-Christian Survival in Mediaeval Irish Hagiography", in
1110:
Ellis, Peter Bereford. The Druids (Eerdmans, 1998). pp. 141–142.
522:
interned many IRA members, three of whom died on hunger strike:
317:' category rather than 'criminal' second division, but staff at
1305:
Rise up, women! : the remarkable lives of the suffragettes
877:
368:
281:
82:
894:
awarded its cyber-freedom prize to Guillermo Fariñas in 2006.
1940:"Young Uruguayans Support AntĂşnez, Cuban Political Prisoners"
460:
137:
121:
48:
1585:
Special Category: The IRA in English Prisons Vol.1: 1968–78
1500:, Four Courts Press, Dublin, p.132, ISBN 978-1-84682-410-4
1440:
359:
Irish Hunger Strikers Memorial Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin
132:
In the first three days, the body still uses energy from
2074:. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Archived from
1958:"Cuban prison hunger striker Orlando Zapata Tamayo dies"
367:
society and this tactic was fully incorporated into the
326:
Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913
1449:
Republican internment and the prison ship Argenta 1922
819:. His death on December 15 became instrumental in the
337:
Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
276:
frequently endured hunger strikes in British prisons.
237:
160:. Hunger strikers can experience hallucinations and
435:for 94 days, from August 11 to November 12, 1920.
256:being force-fed in prison to end his hunger strike
1509:The Forgotten Hunger Strikes". hungerstrikes.org.
1269:
383:. Early use of hunger strikes was countered with
2121:
1736:"The Starry Plough on 1981 Irish hunger strikes"
684:boost to a previously severely demoralised IRA.
1898:. Reporters Without Borders. January 20, 2016.
1872:. Reporters Without Borders. January 20, 2016.
1373:(Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 168–178
1274:Psychiatry in Prisons: A Comprehensive Handbook
332:for hunger striking or enduring force-feeding.
1239:Psychiatry in Prisons A Comprehensive Handbook
580:
1582:
811:In 1952, in independent India, revolutionary
191:The examples and perspective in this section
1446:
872:. He was buried in an unmarked grave in the
1165:
1163:
1161:
972:
726:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
577:39 kg in November 1973 and died in prison.
1611:
772:List of fasts undertaken by Mahatma Gandhi
687:
461:Irish hunger strikes between 1923 and 1976
339:, a group of American suffragettes led by
209:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
148:. After depleting fat, the body enters a "
1471:
1307:. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 289, 293.
1169:
746:Learn how and when to remove this message
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
1830:Mary, S. B. Vijaya (December 13, 2022).
1612:Sontheimer, Michael (November 8, 2007).
1385:, "Das Fasten beim Pfändungsverfahren",
1338:"The Aberdeen Women's Suffrage Campaign"
1302:
1193:
1191:
1158:
1119:
757:
354:
259:
241:
38:
1778:from the original on September 20, 2022
1520:"Army Pensions Act, 1932, Section 5(2)"
1278:. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. p.
766:, during his fast in 1924, (remastered)
14:
2122:
1968:from the original on November 14, 2017
1902:from the original on November 20, 2018
1876:from the original on November 20, 2018
1748:from the original on February 24, 2013
1702:
1670:
1416:from the original on February 25, 2021
1241:. Jessica Kingsley. 2018. p. 156.
1222:
1197:
1071:
1013:"Hunger strike definition and meaning"
639:was the first of ten Irish republican
387:, culminating in 1917 in the death of
77:In cases where an entity (usually the
1994:from the original on January 17, 2020
1850:from the original on November 3, 2023
1825:
1823:
1808:from the original on November 3, 2023
1645:
1553:
1532:from the original on October 31, 2017
1188:
1092:from the original on January 29, 2024
1045:
993:from the original on January 29, 2024
472:following year. After the end of the
27:Form of protest or political activism
2052:from the original on October 6, 2014
2020:from the original on August 29, 2017
1829:
1387:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Celtische Philologie
1335:
1072:Savage, Charlie (October 11, 2017).
821:linguistic re-organisation of states
724:adding citations to reliable sources
691:
177:
2072:"Title 28: Judicial Administration"
1862:
1348:from the original on March 18, 2023
1270:Wilson, Simon; Ian Cumming (2009).
1202:. Hayes Barton Press. p. 169.
845:
667:(who was not a hunger striker) and
442:During the early 1920s, the vessel
24:
1820:
1027:from the original on April 6, 2015
910:
806:
25:
2161:
2093:
1371:Ireland in Early Mediaeval Europe
973:Engelbrecht, Cora (May 2, 2023).
655:. Sands was elected as an MP for
539:Provisional Irish Republican Army
238:British and American suffragettes
1476:. M.H. Gill & Company U. C.
860:Political career of Fidel Castro
696:
568:Members of other movements like
182:
92:
2064:
2032:
2006:
1980:
1950:
1932:
1914:
1888:
1790:
1760:
1728:
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1605:
1576:
1547:
1512:
1503:
1498:The Irish Revolution, 1912–1923
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1465:
1428:
1392:
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1296:
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1254:
1245:
1231:
1216:
651:community on both sides of the
127:
109:. Detailed in the contemporary
1708:Provos The IRA & Sinn FĂ©in
1650:. Merrion Press. p. 173.
1139:
1113:
1104:
1065:
1039:
1005:
966:
603:Irish National Liberation Army
557:, an IRA member being held in
549:died after being force-fed in
537:The tactic was revived by the
13:
1:
1474:The Irish War of Independence
1447:Kleinrichert, Denise (2001).
1435:Guinness Book of Records 1988
960:
476:in October 1923, up to 8,000
1174:. New York: Atlantic Press.
1052:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
938:American Medical Association
776:Indian independence movement
762:Mahatma Gandhi with a young
520:another De Valera government
505:first Fianna Fáil government
381:1916–23 revolutionary period
310:Torture in an English Prison
298:Lady Constance Bulwer-Lytton
7:
1472:Hopkinson, Michael (2004).
948:
942:Code of Federal Regulations
888:Internet censorship in Cuba
795:, who fasted to death, and
581:Irish hunger strike of 1981
419:took place. Two other Cork
411:, died on hunger strike in
205:, discuss the issue on the
167:
10:
2166:
1152:February 24, 2020, at the
1021:Collins English Dictionary
849:
769:
657:Fermanagh and South Tyrone
590:
584:
464:
377:physical force republicans
350:
272:In the early 20th century
171:
29:
1344:. copyright WildFireOne.
1170:Beresford, David (1987).
1017:www.collinsdictionary.com
917:World Medical Association
892:Reporters Without Borders
663:and two other prisoners,
467:1923 Irish Hunger Strikes
1583:O'Donnell, Ruán (2012).
1560:Indiana University Press
1451:. Irish Academic Press.
1303:Atkinson, Diane (2018).
1227:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
659:to the United Kingdom's
587:1981 Irish hunger strike
415:. At the same time, the
158:1981 Irish hunger strike
101:, where it was known as
1496:McCarthy, Pat, (2015),
1132:Encyclopædia Britannica
898:Jorge Luis GarcĂa PĂ©rez
688:Gandhi and Bhagat Singh
619:Special Category Status
417:1920 Cork hunger strike
399:, in October 1920, the
375:The tactic was used by
66:as an act of political
1646:White, Robert (2017).
1554:White, Robert (2006).
1342:suffrageaberdeen.co.uk
1200:Quick Look: Metabolism
1198:Coffee, C. J. (2004).
955:List of hunger strikes
915:Article 8 of the 1975
903:On February 23, 2010,
767:
513:the state of emergency
360:
269:
257:
174:List of hunger strikes
144:, in a process called
60:non-violent resistance
51:
1964:. February 24, 2010.
1712:Bloomsbury Publishing
1409:. November 13, 1920.
1389:15 (1924–25) 260–275.
1046:Foltynova, Kristyna.
842:" in Indian society.
786:British rule in India
761:
629:. The strike, led by
421:Irish Republican Army
358:
263:
245:
42:
1946:on October 27, 2012.
1928:on October 27, 2012.
1589:Irish Academic Press
1562:. pp. 246–247.
1223:Miller, Ian (2018).
920:Declaration of Tokyo
852:Human rights in Cuba
720:improve this section
268:, September 6, 1914.
203:improve this section
193:may not represent a
32:Hunger Strike (song)
1126:"Brehon Laws"
677:Republic of Ireland
543:Republic of Ireland
453:for the holding of
246:A 1911 headline in
72:dry hunger strikers
62:where participants
2135:Civil disobedience
1802:The Times of India
1525:Irish Statute Book
1407:The New York Times
1078:The New York Times
979:The New York Times
870:Armando Valladares
864:On April 3, 1972,
856:Censorship in Cuba
768:
671:, were elected to
611:British Government
429:Michael Fitzgerald
361:
345:Occoquan Workhouse
319:Craiginches Prison
315:political prisoner
290:Emmeline Pankhurst
270:
258:
140:starts processing
136:. After that, the
52:
30:For the song, see
2145:Strikes (protest)
1689:978-0-09-984520-1
1598:978-0-7165-3142-5
1483:978-0-7171-3741-1
1458:978-0-7165-2683-4
1383:Rudolf Thurneysen
1336:Pedersen, Sarah.
1181:978-0-87113-702-9
884:Guillermo Fariñas
866:Pedro Luis Boitel
826:He is revered as
756:
755:
748:
574:Red Army Fraction
455:Irish republicans
409:Terence MacSwiney
235:
234:
227:
16:(Redirected from
2157:
2088:
2087:
2085:
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2078:on June 12, 2011
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2010:
2004:
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1978:
1977:
1975:
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1954:
1948:
1947:
1942:. Archived from
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1930:
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1924:. Archived from
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
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846:Cuban dissidents
801:Batukeshwar Dutt
751:
744:
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737:
731:
700:
692:
661:House of Commons
627:Northern Ireland
559:Wakefield Prison
551:Parkhurst Prison
509:killed in action
482:Irish Free State
433:Cork County Gaol
304:not long after.
230:
223:
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186:
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21:
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2140:Protest tactics
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1714:. p. 237.
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1225:Medical History
1221:
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1154:Wayback Machine
1144:
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911:Legal situation
862:
848:
813:Potti Sriramulu
809:
807:Potti Sriramulu
778:
752:
741:
735:
732:
717:
701:
690:
615:prisoner-of-war
599:
589:
583:
547:Michael Gaughan
494:Andy O'Sullivan
474:Irish Civil War
469:
463:
437:Arthur Griffith
397:Anglo-Irish war
393:Mountjoy Prison
353:
249:Votes for Women
240:
231:
220:
214:
211:
200:
187:
183:
176:
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130:
95:
58:is a method of
35:
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11:
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2130:Hunger strikes
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2094:External links
2092:
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2005:
1979:
1949:
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1913:
1887:
1861:
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874:CĂłlon Cemetery
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832:Mahatma Gandhi
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781:Mahatma Gandhi
754:
753:
704:
702:
695:
689:
686:
669:Kieran Doherty
631:Brendan Hughes
597:HM Prison Maze
585:Main article:
582:
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524:Sean McCaughey
462:
459:
449:was used as a
413:Brixton prison
352:
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266:World Magazine
264:Clipping from
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197:of the subject
195:worldwide view
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45:Dobrzeń Wielki
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18:Hunger strikes
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1782:September 19,
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1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:Taylor, Peter
1699:
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1677:
1676:The Dirty War
1673:
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1657:9781785370939
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1620:(in German).
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645:Mickey Devine
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625:prisoners in
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490:Joseph Whitty
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430:
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398:
395:. During the
394:
390:
386:
385:force-feeding
382:
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348:
347:in Virginia.
346:
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278:Marion Dunlop
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115:Saint Patrick
112:
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100:
93:Early history
90:
88:
87:force-feeding
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:hunger strike
50:
46:
43:Residents of
41:
37:
33:
19:
2082:September 1,
2080:. Retrieved
2076:the original
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2043:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1982:
1972:February 24,
1970:. Retrieved
1961:
1952:
1944:the original
1934:
1926:the original
1916:
1906:November 20,
1904:. Retrieved
1890:
1880:November 20,
1878:. Retrieved
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1835:
1810:. Retrieved
1801:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1771:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1730:
1707:
1698:
1675:
1666:
1647:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1617:
1607:
1584:
1578:
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1549:
1541:
1534:. Retrieved
1523:
1514:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1473:
1467:
1448:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1406:
1394:
1386:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1341:
1331:
1304:
1298:
1273:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1199:
1172:Ten Men Dead
1171:
1141:
1130:
1115:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1077:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1016:
1007:
995:. Retrieved
978:
968:
935:
931:
914:
902:
896:
882:
863:
840:untouchables
827:
825:
817:Andhra State
810:
797:Bhagat Singh
790:
779:
742:
733:
718:Please help
706:
673:Dáil Éireann
653:Irish border
641:paramilitary
635:
623:paramilitary
600:
593:Anti H-Block
570:Holger Meins
567:
565:to Ireland.
536:
532:Jack McNeela
517:World War II
498:
470:
445:
441:
374:
362:
334:
324:In 1913 the
323:
309:
306:William Ball
302:heart attack
274:suffragettes
271:
265:
254:William Ball
247:
221:
215:January 2024
212:
192:
131:
128:Medical view
119:
106:
102:
96:
76:
71:
55:
53:
36:
1998:January 28,
1854:November 3,
1812:November 3,
1680:Arrow Books
1618:Der Spiegel
1367:D.A. Binchy
1096:January 29,
1031:October 21,
997:January 29,
665:Paddy Agnew
649:nationalist
637:Bobby Sands
607:Maze Prison
563:repatriated
555:Frank Stagg
528:Tony D'Arcy
486:Denny Barry
451:prison ship
423:(IRA) men,
389:Thomas Ashe
379:during the
365:early Irish
294:Mary Clarke
154:bone marrow
111:civic codes
2124:Categories
2056:October 2,
2024:August 29,
1323:1016848621
961:References
850:See also:
828:Amarajeevi
770:See also:
682:propaganda
591:See also:
572:of German
465:See also:
425:Joe Murphy
401:Lord Mayor
341:Alice Paul
292:'s sister
172:See also:
150:starvation
1844:0971-751X
1836:The Hindu
1626:2195-1349
1352:March 18,
1086:0362-4331
1057:March 25,
987:0362-4331
793:Jatin Das
736:June 2020
707:does not
605:, in the
553:in 1974.
511:. During
501:de Valera
444:HMS
207:talk page
107:Cealachan
2050:Archived
2018:Archived
1992:Archived
1966:Archived
1962:BBC News
1900:Archived
1874:Archived
1848:Archived
1806:Archived
1776:Archived
1752:June 22,
1743:Archived
1706:(1997).
1674:(1991).
1536:July 17,
1530:Archived
1420:June 14,
1411:Archived
1346:Archived
1150:Archived
1090:Archived
1025:Archived
991:Archived
949:See also
803:in 1929
201:You may
168:Examples
162:delirium
142:body fat
103:Troscadh
83:prisoner
2150:Fasting
1631:June 3,
1437:, p. 21
836:Harijan
728:removed
713:sources
675:in the
446:Argenta
351:Ireland
286:torture
146:ketosis
134:glucose
99:Ireland
68:protest
1842:
1718:
1686:
1654:
1624:
1595:
1566:
1480:
1455:
1321:
1311:
1286:
1206:
1178:
1084:
985:
878:Havana
858:, and
617:-like
499:Under
492:, and
369:Brehon
330:medals
282:martyr
252:about
1746:(PDF)
1739:(PDF)
1614:"RAF"
1414:(PDF)
1403:(PDF)
613:of a
138:liver
122:India
79:state
49:Opole
2084:2010
2058:2014
2026:2017
2000:2020
1974:2010
1908:2018
1882:2018
1856:2023
1840:ISSN
1814:2023
1784:2022
1754:2006
1716:ISBN
1684:ISBN
1652:ISBN
1633:2024
1622:ISSN
1593:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1538:2017
1478:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1422:2018
1354:2023
1319:OCLC
1309:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1098:2024
1082:ISSN
1059:2024
1033:2021
999:2024
983:ISSN
936:The
799:and
774:and
711:any
709:cite
621:for
595:and
530:and
427:and
405:Cork
64:fast
1280:156
880:.
876:in
722:by
515:of
503:'s
478:IRA
403:of
391:in
120:In
105:or
2126::
2048:.
2042:.
2016:.
1990:.
1960:.
1846:.
1838:.
1834:.
1822:^
1804:.
1800:.
1774:.
1770:.
1741:.
1710:.
1678:.
1616:.
1587:.
1558:.
1540:.
1528:.
1522:.
1405:.
1340:.
1317:.
1282:.
1190:^
1160:^
1129:.
1088:.
1080:.
1076:.
1050:.
1023:.
1019:.
1015:.
989:.
981:.
977:.
854:,
823:.
788:.
545:.
526:,
488:,
407:,
288:.
89:.
74:.
54:A
2086:.
2060:.
2028:.
2002:.
1976:.
1910:.
1884:.
1858:.
1816:.
1786:.
1756:.
1724:.
1692:.
1660:.
1635:.
1601:.
1572:.
1486:.
1461:.
1424:.
1356:.
1325:.
1292:.
1212:.
1184:.
1100:.
1061:.
1035:.
1001:.
749:)
743:(
738:)
734:(
730:.
716:.
313:'
228:)
222:(
217:)
213:(
199:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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