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172:. At that time, the amateur Huaguxi players were mostly farmers. They dressed up in colorful clothes with their faces painted, singing and dancing along the street to celebrate the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) and Spring Lantern Festival. These singer-dancers were popular among the people in the countryside, leading to the development of Huaguxi as a theatrical form.
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In the late 19th and 20th centuries, some
Huaguxi performance groups began to move to Changsha, the capital of Hunan. Huaguxi then lasted for two to three hours. Stories also went beyond activities of daily life. Social satire, religious belief, and immoral behaviors began to be shown on the stage. More roles were included in the plays.
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The early
Huaguxi lasted only 45 minutes to an hour, and the contents of the performances were mostly related to the rural life of the peasants. Some common scenes were paddling, carrying and loading soybeans. These plays were designed to express people's hopes and wishes for love, life, and harvest.
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In 1949, there were more than 18 private
Huaguxi performance groups in Changsha. In 1952, all performance groups were reorganized. The official Hunan Huaguxi Company was established in Changsha. For the first time Huaguxi had official recognition, funding, and support. In 1957, the Hunan Arts School
262:
Some famous
Huaguxi plays are ‘Liu Hai Kan Qiao’, ‘Da Tong Luo’, and ‘Bu Guo’. These plays have some straightforward and educating themes. ‘Liu Hai Kan Qiao’ describes the love story of a diligent worker, expressing people's hopes for work and love. ‘Da Tong luo’ tells people selfishness is bad; to
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After the extensive reformation of the traditional
Huaguxi, the demand for new plays especially reflecting the new lives of Chinese people became the dominant aim of the artists. According to the Communist Party policy, 'Art must serve people. Art must serve Socialism.' More and more plays written
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has been declining. With rapid economic development, people are more used to
Internet entertainments, which have a huge impact on traditional Huaguxi. Fewer artists are creating new Huaguxi plays and the number of Huaguxi performers are dramatically decreasing. How to preserve this traditional art
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Shanghaishi wenhuaju, “Wei tongzhi xuanpai daibiao canjia guanmotuan fujing guanmo diyijie quanguo xiqu huiyan you” (To notify the selection of representatives to participate in the observation delegation to
Beijing to observe the First National Traditional Theatre Festival), City of Shanghai
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ruling class subsequently employed some feudal literati to inject feudal toxin into huaguxi. As a result, huaguxi started to be infused with certain semi-feudal and semi-colonial content during this period. This is huju’s main source of subsequent
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According to the regulation, Huaguxi players were required to change the content of the plays—to abolish the ‘ugly, vulgar’ acting style. Some traditional
Huaguxi plays were deleted due to their violation of the regulation.
132:, began to be performed. These plays dealt with grander themes of social satire and class struggle. Like other forms of Chinese opera, Huaguxi is staged with very few props. Music accompanying Huaguxi reflects the
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province. Some other provinces, such as Hubei, Anhui, Henan, Shanxi, also have
Huaguxi. It is known in China for its earthy quality, and is often referred to as the "spicy" form of Chinese opera.
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damage others in order to benefit oneself is immoral; to help others is to help yourself. ‘Bu Guo’ tells people all jobs are created equally and there shouldn't be any discrimination.
120:, short plays lasting an hour or less. These plays often dealt with everyday rural life. With the rise of professional Huaguxi performers and performances in the capital city of
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In 1981, there were 54 official
Huaguxi performance groups in Hunan. In 2008, Huaguxi became an Intangible Cultural Heritage of China. Nowadays, however, people's passion for
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in praise of workers, farmers, and soldiers were created, such as ‘Da Tong Luo’ (Beating the Gong) by Li Tong Ren, and ‘Bu Guo’ (Fixing the Pan) by Tan Zhou and Xu Shuhua.
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was issued. After describing the evolution of Huaguxi as ‘relatively realistically reflect the working people’s wish for free life’, it criticizes the form severely:
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After huaguxi entered the international concessions, it gradually became contaminated by the semi-feudal and semi-colonial dust and dirt. In addition, the
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The integrated story with songs and dance began during the early 19th century. At that time, there were only two roles:
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Originating from songs, Huaguxi can be referred to as early as the reign of Emperor Jiaqing (1760 – 1820) of the
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Chen, Shi-Zheng (1995). "The Tradition, Reformation, and Innovation of Huaguxi: Hunan Flower Drum Opera".
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was established with a department of Huaguxi, which pushed Huaguxi to regulated art forms further.
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382:"Hunan Huaguxi drama makes successful debut in Changsha - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
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Archives, B172–1–70 (1952), “Huju jieshao” (Introduction to Shanghai opera)
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form remains a problem for both the Chinese government and Chinese people.
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spoken in Hunan. It is played with instruments like the
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245:Contemporary Development
269:Just as a big machine
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725:Comedic/Light theater
392:on December 15, 2018
181:, a male clown, and
154:(bamboo flute), and
898:Revolutionary opera
420:Xu, Yanwen (2018).
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749:Tea-picking opera
744:Flower-drum opera
704:Religious theater
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386:www.xinhuanet.com
317:www.chinaich.mobi
258:Some Famous Plays
75:flower-drum opera
16:(Redirected from
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296:--- Bu Guo
209:Reformation
1031:Categories
1001:Shengqiang
907:Role types
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839:Xiangsheng
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778:Errenzhuan
681:Wuxi opera
646:Shao opera
594:Huai opera
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396:2018-11-26
327:2018-11-08
300:References
142:(fiddle),
1015:Bian lian
921:Xiaosheng
825:Shulaibao
716:Nuo opera
691:Yue opera
626:Min opera
604:Hui opera
584:Han opera
967:Costumes
960:Costumes
857:Canjunxi
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676:Wu opera
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621:Lu opera
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546:Pu opera
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524:Lü opera
513:Liuqiang
485:Northern
432:: 10–13.
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65:Changsha
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864:Yuanben
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811:Pingshu
804:Naamyam
368:1146407
116:xiao xi
98:Huāgǔxì
83:Chinese
79:Huaguxi
18:Huaguxi
1008:Yunbai
978:Lingzi
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227:dross’
224:Manchu
195:, and
164:Origin
145:yueqin
139:datong
95::
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85::
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915:Sheng
871:Nanxi
832:Tanci
771:Baiju
610:Kunqu
364:JSTOR
198:sheng
157:suona
107:Hunan
950:Chou
943:Jing
878:Zaju
790:Guci
760:Quyi
251:xiqu
215:xiqu
193:chou
178:chou
151:dizi
128:daxi
73:The
929:Dan
356:doi
348:TDR
189:dan
184:dan
88:花鼓戏
77:or
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