104:
194:. The next 28 years marked a high point in the family's power. In 1248, the family holdings were divided between two of Heinrich's grandsons. The southern holdings in Graubünden and Ticino as well as Clanx Castle and Pfäfers Abbey were inherited by Heinrich (first mention 1235, last mention 1258) and Albrecht (first mention 1236, last mention 1275), who became the heads of the Sax-Misox line. The northern estates around Hohensax and St. Gallen were inherited by Ulrich (first mention 1236, last mention 1257) who founded the Hohensax line.
584:
96:
570:
458:
24:
203:
442:. Three years later he sold the estates in the high valleys of GraubĂĽnden. Through his second marriage with the Countess Clementine from Montfort-Werdenberg, Johann Peter gained the county of Werdenberg and Wartau in 1483. Short of money he sold Werdenberg and Wartau and to the city of Lucerne in 1485. Impoverished, he entered the service of the Dukes of Austria and Milan. He died in
477:(1401–29) allowed Ulrich Eberhard the Younger (mentioned 1384–1414) and his wife Elizabeth of Werdenberg-Sargans to gain independence from the Habsburgs. By supporting Appenzell's revolt, their castles were not destroyed and they were able to sign treaties with the victorious Appenzellers. His sons Rudolf and Gerold were both abbots of
489:
and Sax. Elisabeth of
Hohensax was married to Kaspar of Bonstetten, a citizen of Zurich, so during the Old Zurich War the Appenzellers attacked and burned both castles. In the peace treaty they returned the ruins of Hohensax and the village of Gams, but retained Frischenberg Castle and the village of
517:
on the side of the Swiss
Confederation. In the following years, 1501 and 1503, he served as imperial envoy in the Confederation. At the same time, in 1503, he represented the Confederation in the negotiations that lead to the Treaty of Arona which helped fix the Swiss southern border. Over the next
430:
on 6 June 1449. By the following year, he was reconciled again with the Duke of Milan. In 1458, when he was preparing to conclude an alliance with Milan, there was an uprising in the Grey League, which was settled amicably thanks to the mediation of the abbot of
Disentis. In 1479 he was party to a
525:
His son Ulrich
Philipp (1531–85) followed in his father's footsteps and served in both Imperial and French armies. He embraced the Reformed faith in 1564 and converted the Hohensax lands back to the Reformation. After his death in 1585, the family fortunes began to decline. Johann Albrecht
484:
As the only male heir, Albert I of
Hohensax (1439–1463) inherited all the estates of the entire Hohensax family line. He was also able to gain some financial security by marrying Ursula Mötteli. After his death, his sister inherited Hohensax and Frischenberg Castles along with the associated
562:
Friedrich Ludwig (1589–1629), son of Johann
Philipp, sold in 1615 two thirds of the County of Sax-Forstegg to Zurich. The last of the family of the Hohensax, Christoph Friedrich (1620–1633), also sold the rest of the Sax-Forstegg County to Zurich. He died in 1633 at Burg Uster.
321:
during his campaigns against the
Venetians in Italy and were rewarded with the title of count and the right to mint coins. In 1419 they sold Bellinzona to Uri and Obwalden. When the Confederates attacked Milan in 1425, Johann remained neutral.
226:
to Pfäfers Abbey for 300 silver marks. After the decline of the imperial
Hohenstaufen family the Sax-Misox lost the Blenio Valley, Monte Dongo and Clanx Castle. Their lands were reduced to the Core of the Misox Valley with the
1110:
402:
Johann's son Count
Heinrich of Sax-Misox (around 1418–last mention 1479) fought to receive the Toggenburg inheritance of his mother Catherine. However, in 1437 one of the castles he claimed,
526:(1545–1597) killed Governor Georg Trösch of Sargans in a brawl and fled to Spain, spending over 15 years in Spanish military service. Johann Philipp of Hohensax (1553–96) served in the
134:
and brought it under their authority. Albrecht's sons, Ulrich (first mentioned 1204, died 23 September 1220) and
Heinrich (born around 1180, last mentioned 31 March 1247) became the
365:
341:
1119:
1127:
334:
551:
between ca. 1304 and 1340. He got into a dispute over inheritance with his brother Johann Albrecht, whose son Georg Ulrich 1596 mortally wounded him in
130:
family. The founder of the line was Albrecht of Sax who first appears in a record in 1188. His brother, Heinrich reorganized the administration of the
518:
two decades he was a soldier and diplomat for the Holy Roman Emperor, the Confederation and the French. In 1529 he embraced the new faith of the
431:
peace treaty signed by the Swiss Confederation and the Duchy of Milan. In the same year he abdicated and gave his lands to his son Johann-Peter.
403:
317:
near Grono, possibly to gain favor with the Dukes of Milan. In 1413 Johann and another brother, Donat (mentioned 1400–23), supported Emperor
434:
Johann Peter (1462–1540) was the last Count of Sax-Misox. He fought numerous incursions into his lands by the Confederation, Milan and the
449:
A number of cadet branches of the Sax-Misox line came into being in the 13th century including Sax-Grono, Sax-Palazio and Sax-Norantola.
298:
1149:
1102:
1061:
1008:
972:
936:
900:
864:
828:
786:
728:
685:
649:
395:. After Frederick's death in 1436, the Sax-Misox family was one of the claimants to the Toggenburg lands, which led to the
392:
352:
created an "eternal alliance". Since the alliance was predominantly located in the high country, it was also known as
305:
to protect their conquests. A few years later, in 1406–7, they were forced to accept co-ownership of Bellinzona with
522:
and spread it throughout his lands. However, in 1531 he abandoned his new faith and returned to the Catholic faith.
1165:
151:
118:
The earliest mention of a member of the family is in 1137/39 with Eberhard de Sacco. In 1168, they were granted a
215:
469:. One of the first Ulrich of Hohensax decedents, also named Ulrich was an Austrian commander and died at the
1170:
318:
255:
438:
of Sax-Grono. As Milan the still occupied the Misox valley, he sold it in 1480 to the Milanese commander
372:. On 16 March 1424, the leaders, including Johann of Sax-Misox, of the alliance met under a legendary
423:
158:
and gained extensive land and wealth from him. To protect their expansive holdings, the family built
752:
1023:
From a Fryherren of Sax zuo Sangans entlybt ...: the homicide Trösch Hohensax in 1580 in Sargans.
583:
493:
The son of Albert and Ursula, Ulrich of Hohensax (1463–1538) consolidated the family lands in the
419:
548:
519:
439:
73:
nobility and were related to the da Torre family. The family divided into two main lines; the
1134:(Artikel von Mathias Bugg und Hans Jakob Reich) Vaduz und ZĂĽrich 2013, Bd. 2, S. 811
250:
and after her grandfather died in 1380, inherited the land of the Barons of Belmont including
281:
Caspar and Elizabeth's son, Johann von Sax-Misox (1390–1427) was initially in service to the
509:
or mercenary leader in Habsburg service. However, two years later, in 1499 he fought in the
527:
388:
187:
58:
8:
569:
461:
The political situation in eastern Switzerland during the Old Confederation (before 1798)
228:
142:, respectively, over the Abbey of St. Gall. Between 1208 and 1213 they became vogts over
470:
539:
510:
427:
289:. However, in 1402 he and his brother Albert (1390–1406) acquired the Milanese city of
163:
155:
803:
103:
28:
1145:
741:
498:
466:
377:
282:
275:
207:
131:
17:
396:
505:, he fought on the side of Zurich and was knighted. Between 1487 and 1497 he was a
478:
407:
314:
159:
43:
387:
Johann married Catherine of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg, the co-heiress with the last
147:
575:
502:
357:
167:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1001:
995:
989:
965:
959:
953:
929:
923:
917:
893:
887:
881:
857:
851:
845:
821:
815:
809:
779:
773:
767:
721:
715:
709:
678:
672:
666:
642:
636:
630:
589:
474:
330:
175:
143:
465:
During the 14th century, the Hohensax family allied closely with the Austrian
108:
1159:
535:
306:
191:
112:
183:
70:
62:
1137:
603:
494:
247:
127:
514:
506:
381:
369:
302:
50:
435:
290:
243:
was granted as a fief to Heinrich and Albrecht von GrĂĽnenfels in 1295.
95:
54:
219:
1055:
543:
443:
236:
1049:
1043:
559:, where it was exhibited until the 1970s as a "mummy of Sennwald".
556:
310:
263:
223:
171:
82:
69:. The origin of the family is unknown, but they probably stem from
531:
457:
294:
267:
240:
179:
313:. In 1406 Albert of Sax was murdered by a distant cousin at the
23:
415:
411:
271:
232:
202:
66:
555:. His body was in 1730 found incorrupt in the family vault in
1002:
966:
552:
373:
349:
338:
326:
286:
259:
251:
135:
123:
996:
990:
960:
954:
486:
473:
in 1388. By 1393 Hohensax Castle was an Austrian fief. The
139:
119:
75:
186:. In 1220, they expanded their southern holdings into the
348:
together with delegates from the Court Municipalities in
930:
924:
918:
610:(2010) is based on the family history of the Hohensax.
53:. They owned estates and castles on both sides of the
1096:
722:
126:
valley, probably as a reward for their support of the
1090:
1084:
716:
710:
894:
679:
410:
and in 1439 he mortgaged his claim on the county of
888:
882:
673:
667:
246:Caspar of Sax-Misox (1362–90) married Elizabeth of
1128:Historisches Lexikon des FĂĽrstentums Liechtenstein
858:
780:
643:
852:
846:
774:
768:
637:
631:
1157:
1124:1/2009; S. 64 ff., Beitrag von Heinz Gabathuler.
1111:Historisch-Bibliographisches Lexikon der Schweiz
742:Act in Stiftsarchiv St. Gallen, StiAPf, Urk 1257
325:On 14 February 1395, the three main nobles (the
530:and in the Netherlands and was the governor of
822:
804:
816:
810:
534:in 1578. During his travels, he acquired the
426:in Milan and was decisively defeated at the
538:, the single most comprehensive source of
364:or High Alliance). Five days later, Count
344:and Baron Albrecht von Sax-Misox) of the
99:Territory of the Barons and Counts of Sax
49:) was a medieval noble family in eastern
1078: Anna-Maria Deplazes-Haefliger:
501:and was the mayor of Zurich. During the
456:
201:
102:
94:
27:Coat of arms of the House of Sax in the
22:
1115:Bd. 6, Neuenburg 1931, S. 106–109.
274:. Wartau village was later sold to the
1158:
701:
699:
697:
695:
597:
481:in 1438–47 and 1452–69 respectively.
1103:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1062:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1009:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
973:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
937:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
901:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
865:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
829:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
787:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
729:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
686:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
650:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
446:and was buried in the local church.
380:to reaffirm and expand it into the
214:In 1257 Albrecht of Sax-Misox sold
206:Arms of the counts of Sax-Misox in
13:
1039:Sax (Hohensax), Johann Philipp von
692:
14:
1182:
1144:C. H. Beck Verlag, MĂĽnchen 2010,
753:The story of Arth, Arth-online.ch
582:
568:
1032:
1015:
979:
943:
907:
871:
835:
793:
757:
746:
735:
656:
620:
239:Valley. The distant estate at
1:
613:
366:Johann von Werdenberg-Sargans
285:family who were the Dukes of
1027:Werdenberger Yearbook 2006,
197:
7:
452:
10:
1187:
1072:
986:Sax (Hohensax), Ulrich von
950:Sax (Hohensax), Gerold von
256:Belmont Castle, GraubĂĽnden
90:
15:
424:Golden Ambrosian Republic
150:. In 1212 they supported
57:in the modern cantons of
422:army which attacked the
293:. They built castles in
111:Heinrich von Sax in the
1166:Medieval Swiss nobility
520:Protestant Reformation
462:
440:Gian Giacomo Trivulzio
361:
211:
115:
100:
78:(counts) von Sax-Misox
31:
914:Sax, Johann Peter von
460:
418:. He was part of the
368:joined the League at
342:Ulrich II von Rhäzüns
222:, Valens, Vättis and
205:
154:in his bid to become
106:
98:
85:(barons) von Hohensax
26:
1171:Swiss noble families
547:poetry, written and
218:and the villages of
16:For other uses, see
1120:BĂĽndner Monatsblatt
1080:Sax, von (de Sacco)
1021:see. Mathias Bugg:
706:Sax, von (de Sacco)
389:Count of Toggenburg
276:Count of Werdenberg
235:settlements in the
229:San Bernardino Pass
598:In popular culture
540:Middle High German
511:Battle of Frastanz
463:
428:Battle of Castione
335:Johannes von Ilanz
216:Wartenstein Castle
212:
116:
101:
32:
1150:978-3-406-60517-8
878:Sax, Heinrich von
663:Sax, Heinrich von
602:The Swiss writer
208:Cathedral of Chur
132:Abbey of St. Gall
34:The noble family
1178:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1029:pg. 47–51. 2006.
1019:
1013:
1004:
998:
992:
983:
977:
968:
962:
956:
947:
941:
932:
926:
920:
911:
905:
896:
890:
884:
875:
869:
860:
854:
848:
839:
833:
824:
818:
812:
806:
797:
791:
782:
776:
770:
761:
755:
750:
744:
739:
733:
724:
718:
712:
703:
690:
681:
675:
669:
660:
654:
645:
639:
633:
624:
586:
572:
471:Battle of Näfels
315:Torre Fiorenzana
258:, Fidaz, Gruob,
1186:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1156:
1155:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1037:
1033:
1020:
1016:
984:
980:
948:
944:
912:
908:
876:
872:
842:Sax, Johann von
840:
836:
798:
794:
764:Sax, Albert von
762:
758:
751:
747:
740:
736:
704:
693:
661:
657:
627:Sax, Ulrich von
625:
621:
616:
600:
593:
587:
578:
576:Hohensax Castle
573:
503:Burgundian Wars
455:
200:
168:Hohensax Castle
93:
42:(originally in
29:ZĂĽrich armorial
21:
12:
11:
5:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1154:
1153:
1135:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1100:in the online
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1059:in the online
1031:
1014:
1006:in the online
978:
970:in the online
942:
934:in the online
906:
898:in the online
870:
862:in the online
834:
826:in the online
792:
784:in the online
756:
745:
734:
726:in the online
691:
683:in the online
655:
647:in the online
618:
617:
615:
612:
599:
596:
595:
594:
590:Mesocco Castle
588:
581:
579:
574:
567:
475:Appenzell Wars
454:
451:
414:to Schwyz and
397:Old ZĂĽrich War
199:
196:
192:Blenio Valleys
176:Mesocco Castle
148:Pfäfers Abbeys
92:
89:
18:Mr Sax's House
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1183:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
982:
975:
974:
969:
963:
957:
951:
946:
939:
938:
933:
927:
921:
915:
910:
903:
902:
897:
891:
885:
879:
874:
867:
866:
861:
855:
849:
843:
838:
831:
830:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
796:
789:
788:
783:
777:
771:
765:
760:
754:
749:
743:
738:
731:
730:
725:
719:
713:
707:
702:
700:
698:
696:
688:
687:
682:
676:
670:
664:
659:
652:
651:
646:
640:
634:
628:
623:
619:
611:
609:
605:
591:
585:
580:
577:
571:
566:
565:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
541:
537:
536:Codex Manesse
533:
529:
523:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
488:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
459:
450:
447:
445:
441:
437:
432:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
406:was given to
405:
404:Grinau Castle
400:
398:
394:
393:Frederick VII
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
221:
217:
209:
204:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
114:
113:Codex Manesse
110:
105:
97:
88:
86:
84:
79:
77:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
1141:
1138:Adolf Muschg
1131:
1118:
1109:
1101:
1079:
1060:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1007:
985:
981:
971:
949:
945:
935:
913:
909:
899:
877:
873:
863:
841:
837:
827:
799:
795:
785:
763:
759:
748:
737:
727:
705:
684:
662:
658:
648:
626:
622:
607:
604:Adolf Muschg
601:
561:
542:
524:
495:Rhine valley
492:
485:villages of
483:
464:
448:
433:
401:
386:
353:
345:
324:
280:
245:
213:
160:Clanx Castle
152:Frederick II
128:Hohenstaufen
117:
81:
74:
46:
39:
35:
33:
1142:Sax. Roman.
800:Grauer Bund
549:illustrated
515:Swabian War
507:condottieri
420:Confederate
382:Grey League
370:Flimserwald
346:Vorderrhein
109:Minnesänger
51:Switzerland
1160:Categories
614:References
528:Palatinate
479:Einsiedeln
436:cadet line
291:Bellinzona
184:GraubĂĽnden
83:Freiherren
71:Churrätien
63:GraubĂĽnden
59:St. Gallen
606:'s novel
544:Minnesang
467:Habsburgs
444:Castrisch
399:in 1440.
362:Ober Bund
354:Part Sura
319:Sigismund
254:with the
237:Rheinwald
198:Sax-Misox
188:Leventina
164:Appenzell
122:over the
557:Sennwald
497:and the
453:Hohensax
376:tree in
331:Disentis
311:Obwalden
303:Roveredo
283:Visconti
231:and the
224:Untervaz
172:Sennwald
144:Disentis
80:and the
47:de Sacco
1097:Italian
1073:Sources
1056:Italian
1003:Italian
967:Italian
931:Italian
895:Italian
859:Italian
823:Italian
805:Romansh
781:Italian
723:Italian
680:Italian
644:Italian
592:(Misox)
532:Geldern
513:of the
499:Thurgau
299:Bogiano
295:Gorduno
248:Rhäzüns
220:Pfäfers
180:Mesocco
156:Emperor
91:Origins
44:Italian
36:von Sax
1148:
1091:French
1085:German
1050:French
1044:German
997:French
991:German
961:French
955:German
925:French
919:German
889:French
883:German
853:French
847:German
817:French
811:German
775:French
769:German
717:French
711:German
674:French
668:German
638:French
632:German
416:Glarus
412:Uznach
408:Schwyz
358:German
272:Wartau
264:Lugnez
233:Walser
76:Grafen
67:Ticino
553:Salez
490:Sax.
374:maple
350:Ilanz
339:Baron
327:abbot
287:Milan
260:Ilanz
252:Flims
136:abbot
124:Misox
1146:ISBN
1094:and
1082:in
1053:and
1041:in
1025:In:
1000:and
988:in
964:and
952:in
928:and
916:in
892:and
880:in
856:and
844:in
820:and
778:and
766:in
720:and
708:in
677:and
665:in
641:and
629:in
487:Gams
378:Trun
309:and
301:and
270:and
268:Vals
241:Arth
190:and
174:and
146:and
140:vogt
138:and
120:fief
107:The
65:and
55:Alps
40:Saxe
1132:Sax
802:in
608:Sax
329:of
307:Uri
182:in
178:in
170:in
162:in
38:or
1162::
1140::
1130::
1088:,
1047:,
994:,
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