Grisons - Knowledge

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religious independence of the Valtellina. In 1627 the French withdrew from the Valtellina valley, which was then occupied by Papal troops. Starting in 1631 the League, under the French Duke Henri de Rohan, started to expel the Spaniards. However, Richelieu still did not want to hand the valley over to its residents. When it became clear that the French intended to remain permanently in the Leagues, but would not force the Valtellina to convert to Protestantism, Jürg Jenatsch (now a mercenary leader) converted in 1635 to the Catholic faith. In 1637, he rebelled and allied with Austria and Spain. His rebellion along with the rebellion of 31 other League officers forced the French to withdraw without a fight. On 24 January 1639, Jürg Jenatsch was killed during

942: 1677:, the home of a leader of the pro-Catholic faction, Pompeius Planta. They surprised Planta and according to legend he was killed by Jörg Jenatsch with an axe. The murder of Planta encouraged the Protestant faction and they assembled a poorly led and disorganized army to retake the Valtellina and other subject lands. However, the army fell apart before they could attack a single Catholic town. This Protestant invasion provided the Spanish and Austrians with an excuse to invade the Leagues. By the end of October, Spain and Austria had occupied all of the Grisons. The resulting peace treaty of January 1622, forced Grisons to cede the 3433: 6173: 3271: 131: 3706: 5441: 716:, Switzerland's fourth national language, has official status. Romansh language and culture is an important part of local identity. In 2020 the canton had a population of 200,096. It is the least densely populated canton of Switzerland. The only sizable city in the canton is Chur, as the majority of the population lives in mountainous areas, including some of the most remote valleys of the country. One of the birthplaces of winter sports, the canton is a major tourist destination year-round, including a large number of Alpine resort towns, notably 3677: 596: 1291: 164: 141: 1306: 1750: 2793: 5756: 2739: 1454: 3623: 3138: 1552: 1321: 1336: 2785: 1659: 5251:, graubuenben.ch. Retrieved 13 March 2021. ("Mild climate, foehn and calcareous soil: Bündner Herrschaft is also wine country, ideal for the cultivation of premium grapes. In the middle of Heidiland, from Fläsch to Malans, you can find 42 types of vines along the Rhine, from which more than 70 companies are pressing a wide range of wines. Especially popular is the complex and refined Pinot Noir.") 788: 3502: 3366:, the national post bus company, and the Rhaetian Railway, essentially owned by the cantonal government. The latter uses the largest narrow-gauge railway network in Switzerland and serves most regions of the canton, with branches towards Central Switzerland and Italy. This network is notably travelled by two of the longest distance trains of Switzerland: the 697:. It is the most diverse canton in terms of natural and cultural geography, as it encompasses both sides of the Alps and several natural and cultural regions. The diversity of the canton is often compared to that of Switzerland as a whole and warrants it the name of "Little Switzerland". The Grisons is bordered by four cantons as well as 1270:. In the southernmost and lowest regions, vineyards and olives are grown, while on the highest summits, snow is found year-round. The inner valleys, particularly the Engadin, are significantly drier than the north and south side of the Alps, being sheltered by the high mountains of the range. On the south side of the Alps, 854:, and the second-highest when considering mean elevation. As a consequence, its topography is extremely rugged and many of the highest settlements in the country (and Europe) are found there, notably in the Upper Engadin. The mountains are numerous; well over 1,000 summits are in the canton. The highest is 1693:

In 1623 the Leagues entered into an alliance with France, Savoy and Venice. Jürg Jenatsch and Ulysses von Salis used French money to hire an 8,000-man mercenary army and drive out the Austrians. The peace treaty of Monzon (5 March 1626) between France and Spain, confirmed the political and

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by an unknown attacker who was dressed as a bear. The attacker may have been a son of Pompeius Planta or an assassin hired by the local aristocracy. According to legend he was killed by the same axe that he used on Pompeius Planta. On 3 September 1639 the Leagues agreed with Spain to bring the

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valleys. The treaty also forbade the Protestant religion in these valleys. In response, in 1622, the Prättigau valley rebelled against the Austrians and drove them out of the valley. The Austrians invaded the valley twice more, attempting to reimpose the Catholic faith, in 1623–1624 and 1629–1631.

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and further down the valley killing every Protestant that they found. Between 500 and 600 people were killed on that night and in the following four days. The attack drove nearly all the Protestants out of the valley, prevented further Protestant incursions and took the Valtellina out of the Three

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with an average temperature of 2.0 °C (35.6 °F). The cantonwide record-low temperature of −37.9 °C (−36.2 °F) was registered there. The low-elevation region of Chur, including the Bündner Herrschaft, experiences naturally less harsh temperatures with an average of 10.0 °C

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is one of the top warmest places in the country with an average of 12.4 °C (54.3 °F). The nationwide record temperature of 41.5 °C (106.7 °F) was registered there. The southern valleys are also significantly wetter than the rest of the canton (1,476 mm of rain in Grono,

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are kept open all winter (subject to restrictions). Being the highest elevated state in Switzerland, the Grisons hosts huge alpine areas that are not accessible by any means of transport but have to be walked to. A large number of cable transport facilities provide easy access to some of the

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since 1938. It was declared an "official language" of the Confederation in 1996, meaning that Romansh speakers may use Romansh for correspondence with the federal government and expect to receive a response in Rumantsch Grischun. Romansh has official language status at the canton level.

990:, the Rhine progressively changes its direction, from eastward to northward. The Anterior Rhine and Posterior Rhine include numerous tributaries as well before their own convergence. The former constitutes a long and straight valley, the Surselva, shut off from the lower plains by the 3323:

transport services, the region's inhabitants became more used to motorized traffic. In 1925, there were already 250 vehicles in service. Eventually, the inhabitants of the Grisons gave up their resistance against individual motor traffic in 1926, In 1967 opened

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The launching of the Cook excursions in Britain (1841), the appearance of the first Baedekker guide (1843), the inauguration of a winter "season" in Saint Moritz (1864), the creation of Yellowstone (1877): these were the important markers of its growth path

3242:, which have large ski areas. There are, however, a great number of other tourist resorts in the canton, divided by the official tourist board for winter sports for example into categories "Top - Large - Small and beautiful". St. Moritz is one of the oldest 3156:. Agriculture is therefore supported by subsidies by the authorities both national and regional. Eight per cent of the population work in agriculture and forestry, where 50 per cent of the production is certified as organic. Agriculture includes forests and 1395:, together with six other cantons. The Grisons shares border with numerous regions of Europe, reflecting its cultural diversity, and is the only canton adjacent to three different countries. On the national level it shares borders with four other cantons: 3285:

As the canton extends on both sides of the great Alpine barrier, many important mountain passes are found there, particularly on the north-south axis. Transport has always been an important issue in the area; cart tracks from the Roman era were found on

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Valtellina back under League sovereignty, but with the promise to respect the free exercise of the Catholic faith. Treaties with Austria in 1649 and 1652, brought the Müstair and Lower Engadine valleys back under the authority of the Three Leagues.

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are another well-known dish of the Grisons. They are made of boiled potatoes mixed with flour, then fried in butter. Maluns are typically served with a compote of apples and various other local products such as cheeses and meat specialities. The

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is derived from the homespun grey clothes worn by the people and was used exclusively after 16 March 1424. The name of this league later gave its name to the canton of the Grisons. A third league was established in 1436 by the people of ten

3546:. It is essentially a shortcrust pastry filled with a mix of caramelized walnuts and honey. Another similar pastry, but containing chestnuts instead, the Torta di Castagne, is made in the southern valleys, especially in the Val Bregaglia. 1559:

The first step towards the canton of the Grisons was when the league of the Ten Jurisdictions allied with the League of God's House in 1450. In 1471 the two leagues allied with the Grey League. In 1497 and 1498 the Leagues allied with the

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gave construction problems for any kind of transport. The first real roads of 3.7 m (4 yd) width were built across the Alps from around 1816, one of which is still in a very good historical condition as this connection across

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Although no large bodies of water are found in the canton, numerous mountain lakes (above 800 m elevation) dot the landscape, some of them being used as reservoirs for hydroelectricity production. The largest natural lakes are

3328:, built to host tourism traffic, is used also by heavy goods vehicles nowadays although not really suitable for them because of its ascent gradients. Most other passes have lost their importance for goods transport nowadays. 957:

The regions on the north side of the Alps are all drained by the Rhine and form an intricate network of valleys. The Rhine is both one of the longest rivers within the canton and the only one flowing directly into a sea. The

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You can make a strong case that the origins of modern winter sports lie here, starting in the 1860's with hotelier Johannes Badrutt, who welcomed a steady stream of well-heeled British guests to his small Kulm

3427: 1785:, are in office for four years. The last district elections were in 2014. The cantonal government, exercising executive authority, is made up of five members, elected by the people for a term of four years and 4163:, rsi.ch. Retrieve 7 March 2021. ("Con le temperature più alte si stanno sperimentando le coltivazioni di specie diverse. Ne testimonia quella di ulivi, zafferano e fichi d’India a San Vittore in Mesolcina.") 3678: 597: 7012: 1065:

The Engadin is entirely drained by the Inn and is the only valley in Switzerland in the Danube basin. The Inn is one of the longest rivers in the canton and forms an almost straight valley, from the

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The Grisons is culturally the most diverse region of Switzerland. Its common denominator, however, is a strong mountain culture marked by life in isolated rural communities, notably depicted in

3254:. Summer tourism is also an important source of revenue. Trekking, mountaineering, and mountain biking are some of the main activities. Business tourism is also a source of revenue, notably in 811:, which include regions on the south side of the Alps. But in contrast to those (and all other cantons), it fully extends on both sides of the great Alpine barrier, from the northern plains at 4783: 1361:

cover about a fifth of the total area. The canton is almost entirely mountainous and it is the most sparsely populated region of the country. In its southeastern part lies the only official

4756: 1235:, which are, however, far less populated. The canton is particularly renowned for its numerous Alpine resort towns, notably two of the aforementioned ones (Davos and St. Moritz), but also 3390:, the highest and only railway to cross the Alps without the use of a tunnel at the pass. In winter some of the road passes are closed whereas several high mountain passes such as the 2756:

The population of the canton (as of 31 December 2020) is 200,096. As of 2007, the population included 28,008 foreigners, or about 14.84% of the total population. The main religions are

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Schibler, J. 2006. The economy and environment of the 4th and 3rd millennia BC in the northern Alpine foreland based on studies of animal bones. Environmental Archaeology 11(1): 49-65.

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Huge efforts ensure public transport to (nearly) every settlement by an integrated timetable of different transport companies. Even Juf, inhabited by some 30 people only but holding a

1140:. The first three are in the Po basin and the last one is in the Adige basin. While the first two (Mesolcina and Bregaglia) are contiguous to the region north of the Alps, through the 4189: 3603:

in the early 20th century after it had all but died out from the Alps, except for an area in the Aosta Valley in Italy, Parco Nazionale Gran Paradiso. Similarly, it reintroduced the

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became a canton in 1803. The constitution of the canton dates from 1892. In the following century, there have been about 30 changes made to the constitution.

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24 per cent of the workforce are employed in industry whereas 68 per cent work in the service industry. The most industrialized region is naturally that of Chur.

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to form the Rhine in the strict sense of the term. Just after the convergence, the valley opens and its floor constitutes the flattest plains of the canton, from

4813: 4958: 4160: 4122:, gr.ch. Retrieved 7 March 2021. ("Obwohl grosse Seen fehlen, ist Graubünden dennoch reich an stehenden Gewässern. Es gibt insgesamt rund 600 kleinere Seen.") 5261:

Stüwe, M., Nievergelt, B. (1991). "Recovery of Alpine ibex from near extinction: the result of effective protection, captive breeding, and reintroductions".

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became a member of the court of 'clerical overseers' and a leader of the anti-Habsburg faction. He supervised the torture to death of the arch-priest

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and the Lepontine Alps but also at the level of the plain at Roveredo). On the international level, the canton shares borders with three countries:

5558: 5288: 4986: 4787: 3828: 4760: 4013:, Reiseratte, 2015. ("Kulinarisch ist Graubünden, das auch gern als die «kleine Schweiz in der Schweiz» bezeichnet wird, etwas ganz Besonderes.") 5248: 823:(the "garden of the Inn"), a large inner Alpine valley oriented towards eastern Europe. Therefore there are parts of this canton in four of the 4637: 4096: 3307:

lost its importance after the opening of rail tunnels crossing the alps. The last valley to be connected to the road system in the Grisons was

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The Grisons lies fully within the Alps, with elevations above sea-level ranging from 260 to 4,049 metres (853 to 13,284 ft). It is

6450: 5992: 4516: 803:, is complex and encompasses a wide range of climates and ecosystems. It is one of the three large southern Alpine cantons, along with 241: 177: 3246:

resorts, being popular in winter since 1864. The following year, Davos also saw its first tourists in winter. St. Moritz hosted the

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The tourism industry is a major player and reaches a remarkable 14 per cent of the GDP. Tourism is concentrated around the towns of

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Wines are essentially produced in the Bündner Herrschaft. In the vineyards between Fläsch and Malans, 42 types of vines are found,

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being the most popular. Wines are also naturally produced in the southern valleys but in smaller quantities. The valley of the

3542:. They consist of buckwheat noodles, cooked with potatoes, vegetables and cheese. The emblematic dessert of the Grisons is the 3164:

is not unusual. Although mountain pastures are predominant, there is also wine production in the Rhine Valley, particularly in

1988: 5422: 4112: 6692: 6535: 6410: 4879: 3948: 2764:. Both are well represented in the canton, with Roman Catholics forming a slight plurality (47% Catholic to 41% Protestant). 1642:. On the evening of 18/19 July 1620, a force of Valtellina rebels supported by Austrian and Italian troops marched into 1209: 5467: 3351:. Conversely, the latter has become a major railway station and a transport hub of the canton since the construction of the 3294:

was rebuilt for cart use in 1387 and, although it later became unimportant, it is still in its 1800 form (for hikers only).

2639: 6875: 6530: 6505: 5551: 5380: 5066: 4914: 4601: 4565: 4472: 4412: 4376: 4340: 4304: 4253: 3525:, predominantly made in the western part of the Grisons. Capuns consist of hearty dumplings with pieces of meat wrapped in 2146: 5178: 1320: 6108: 5566: 5123: 4103:. Retrieved 9 March 2021 ("Did you know that there are more than 1200 peaks between 2000 and 3000 metres in Graubünden?") 3521:, made of various meats), speck and ham. Cheeses produced in the Grisons are also numerous. Among notable dishes are the 4175:, srf.ch. Retrieved 8 March 2021 ("Absolute Tiefstwerte (homogenisiert): La Brévine/NE: -42.5 °C, Samedan/GR: -37.9 °C") 6815: 6405: 6155: 6002: 3193: 2196: 1781:), the legislature of the canton, sits in Chur, the cantonal capital. Its 120 members, elected in 39 districts using a 851: 799:

The Grisons is Switzerland's largest and at the same time easternmost canton. Its geography, essentially marked by the

883: 6780: 6712: 6606: 6140: 6125: 5104: 5032: 4817: 3572: 3479: 1180:(all in Upper Engadin except that of Poschiavo). Artificial lakes are more numerous, the largest (over 100 ha) being 886:

for a more exhaustive list. The canton includes numerous subranges of the Alps other than the Bernina. These are the

5415: 1580:, helping the Swiss Confederation and the allied leagues of the canton of the Grisons to be recognised. However the 1034:. Similarly to the Anterior Rhine, the upper portion of the Posterior Rhine is also shut off from the plains by the 6835: 6669: 6517: 6028: 3870:"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit" 3474:, where 1130/40 a famous romanesque illustrated ceiling was added which is now treated as national heritage. Three 3462:

The canton has a large concentration of medieval castles (and ruins). The most notable, in the Engadin, is that of

1365:. In its northern part, the mountains were formed as part of the thrust fault that was in 2008 declared a geologic 1335: 7083: 7007: 6763: 6749: 6732: 6642: 6594: 6425: 6150: 5544: 5051: 3197: 1541: 1377: 1042:, until it meets its anterior counterpart. After that, the Rhine collects the water of two important rivers: the 795:

and the lakes) is one of the highest valleys of the Alps and the only Swiss region in the basin of the Black Sea.

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849 mm in Chur, and 705 mm in Scuol). The coldest places are naturally at high elevations, such as on

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respectively, the three last ones (Bregaglia, Poschiavo and Müstair) are contiguous to the Engadin, through the

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live in the Grisons than in any other canton, although it has become a minority language there. Since the late

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The valleys on the south side of the Alps are not contiguous to each other and form four distinct regions. The

5520: 5437: 941: 308: 6845: 6737: 6525: 6500: 6460: 6377: 6372: 6162: 6145: 4715: 3359: 130: 17: 6662: 6440: 6088: 6083: 5997: 4100: 1077:. Despite its length and numerous tributaries, only a few long rivers converge with the Inn. These are the 228: 1477:(3900–3500 BC), making the capital city of the Grisons one of the oldest settlements in Switzerland. 140: 6913: 6903: 6860: 6830: 6800: 6785: 6722: 6542: 6490: 6455: 6220: 6021: 3347:. As a consequence, the only standard gauge railway in the canton is that of the Rhine Valley, ending at 1816: 1622:

in Spain and Austria. Each side sought to gain control of the Grisons to gain control over the important

1357:, the second largest canton. Only about a third of this is commonly regarded as productive land of which 4370: 1279:. The localities of the Upper Engadin are amongst the coldest inhabited regions in the country, notably 6840: 6647: 6547: 6495: 6115: 6078: 4364: 4358: 3922: 3517:, often simply referred to as Grisons Meat. Other meat specialities include dried sausages (especially 3125: 2296: 1800:

that the canton's purpose is to "safeguard freedom, peace, and human dignity, ensure democracy and the

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acquired the possessions of the extinct Toggenburg dynasty in 1496, siding with the Confederacy in the

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and Chur, where passengers transfer to the Rhaetian Railway and a large number of PostBus routes. The

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The area of the Grisons is 7,105.2 square kilometres (2,743.3 sq mi), 19.2% larger than the

6975: 6825: 6810: 6790: 6073: 3926: 3379: 2351: 1638:. In response, Giacomo Robustelli of the pro-Catholic Planta family, raised an army of rebels in the 5497: 4641: 4615: 3432: 2693: 1823:

became the first in the canton to make use of this provision, granting voting rights to foreigners.

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Unlike other large cantons, the Grisons includes very few cities. The largest (and capital city) is

6938: 6805: 6742: 6727: 6512: 6430: 6367: 6181: 6120: 4928: 3671: 2088: 1496: 824: 819:. However, a large portion of the canton is neither clearly north nor south of the Alps, it is the 782: 754: 632:, translates as the "Grey Leagues", referring to the canton's origin in three local alliances, the 590: 463: 5971: 3089:

the Romansh language has greatly reduced (by more than half the original territory, that included

6997: 6775: 6707: 6478: 6098: 5755: 5159: 4334: 3994:, p. 13, Princeton University Press, 8 March 2015. ("Graubünden, in fact, has often been dubbed 2038: 1790: 1782: 5205: 4328: 4322: 3160:

in summer, particularly of cows, sheep and goats. Since wolf and bear have returned, the use of

1205: 1093:. The main passes connecting the Engadin with the northern Grisons are (from west to east): the 7043: 7036: 6890: 6855: 6717: 6652: 6630: 6420: 6400: 6313: 6243: 6228: 6065: 6048: 5695: 5625: 5567: 4488: 3375: 1267: 1224: 1055: 971: 611: 111: 6293: 5680: 3869: 1808:

and preserving a sane environment for the future generations, with the intention of promoting

724:. The canton is also renowned for its extensive narrow-gauge railway network, operated by the 685:

The largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland, it is also one of the three large southern

6943: 6908: 6820: 6674: 6611: 6233: 6093: 5630: 5282: 2757: 2045: 1738: 1615: 1561: 770: 3340: 7052: 7002: 6980: 6880: 6795: 6415: 6308: 5939: 5710: 5139: 4406: 3558: 3467: 3348: 3259: 3251: 3247: 1895: 1819:

at a municipal level, at discretion of the local governments. In 2009, the municipality of

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Gorge. After the convergence with the Albula, the Posterior Rhine forms a wide valley, the

959: 4400: 4394: 3581: 3565:. Numerous breweries can be found in the canton as well. The largest, located at Chur, is 3543: 8: 6923: 6657: 6318: 5780: 5705: 4945:

Federal Statistical Office - Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Hauptsprachen und Kanton, 2015

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Von der Mumma Romontscha zum Retortenbaby Rumantsch Grischun: Rätoromanische Sprachmythen

3475: 3452: 3437: 3363: 3325: 3320: 3270: 3177: 3157: 1945: 1392: 1369: 1362: 1189: 1141: 6172: 5967: 5745: 3362:, is reached five times a day by public transport. The two main transport companies are 1839:

Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the Federal Elections 1971–2015

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The constitution of the Grisons, last revised on 14 September 2003, states in its

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In response, in February 1621, Jenatsch led a force of anti-Habsburg troops to attack

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The state is the only trilingual canton of Switzerland. It is also the only one where

6288: 5870: 5675: 5388: 5274: 5028: 4875: 4133:"Destinations on official tourism board Graubünden, Switzerland holiday destinations" 3944: 3562: 2095: 1719: 1703: 1598:

Between 1618 and 1639 it became a battleground between competing factions during the

1577: 1173: 1051: 4686:"Comune Bregaglia accorda diritto di voto e di eleggibilità a stranieri domiciliati" 4434: 3514: 3378:

extend only a few kilometres into the canton, from Maienfeld, and serve essentially

3281:. Winding mountain roads and railways have become an integral part of the landscape. 1666: 1599: 1448: 773:. In 1803 the Three Leagues finally became one of the cantons of the Confederation. 163: 7078: 6970: 6958: 6579: 6358: 6323: 6273: 6268: 6253: 5963: 5955: 5700: 5660: 5655: 5635: 5594: 5477: 5270: 3805: 3797: 3790: 3782: 3764: 3750: 3736: 3722: 3700: 3686: 3487: 3352: 3344: 3339:, the Grisons does not benefit from major railway axes across the Alps such as the 3161: 3082: 2809: 2805: 2773: 2657: 2203: 1995: 1888: 1774: 1766: 1727: 1723: 1707: 1573: 1400: 1201: 1121: 725: 713: 667: 657: 546: 503: 493: 489: 353: 338: 289: 274: 94: 79: 1662: 1627: 1465:

The deep Alpine valleys of the present-day Grisons were originally settled by the

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The last traces of the Bishop of Chur's jurisdiction were abolished in 1526. The

1488:, was known as Curia in Roman times. The area later was part of the lands of the 1412: 1385: 1346: 1181: 1177: 1169: 1043: 967: 899: 891: 750: 732: 623: 577: 485: 323: 259: 64: 5235: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4297: 4291: 4285: 3566: 3304: 3180:. This area is referred to as the Bündner Herschaft. In the southern valleys of 1631: 6928: 6616: 6283: 6248: 6210: 5670: 5645: 5507: 5492: 5472: 5462: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5182: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4595: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4246: 4240: 4234: 3513:

The gastronomy of the Grisons is mostly known for a dried-beef delicacy called

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The Death of Communal Liberty: A History of Freedom in a Swiss Mountain Canton

3897:"Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle" 1812:

and cultural variety and conserving them as part of our historical heritage".

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The Dreibündenstein monument, marking the former tripoint of the Three Leagues

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List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Graubünden

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Romansh consists of five dialect groups, each with its own written language:

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The Grisons is the only canton of Switzerland with three official languages:

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and began killing Protestants. When they finished in Tirano, they marched to

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Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen

3456: 3395: 3243: 2675: 2625: 2253: 1484:, which was established in 15 BC. The current capital of the Grisons, 1474: 1327: 1193: 1153: 1007: 999: 927: 911: 907: 769:, and before the end of the 15th century, the latter became an ally of the 746: 735:, most of the lands of the canton became part of the Roman province called 518: 5850: 3876:(in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020 2796:

Original areas where was spoken the Romansh language since the Middle Ages

2792: 1686: 1480:

Most of the lands of the canton were once part of a Roman province called

1473:). In Chur, archaeological evidence of settlement goes back as far as the 6898: 6679: 6258: 6044: 5926: 5640: 4739:"Kanton Graubünden: Die 11 Regionen, 2017 (Kantone/Bezirke) | Karte" 3934: 3930: 3535: 3391: 3383: 3287: 3223: 3142: 3129:

Municipalities in turn are free to specify their own official languages.

3124:. Romansh has been recognized as one of four "national languages" by the 3086: 2401: 1801: 1731: 1569: 1540:, as the dynasty of Toggenburg had become extinct. The league was called 1516: 1453: 1342: 1244: 1197: 1185: 1149: 1137: 1129: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1066: 1019: 1018:. The other one, the Posterior Rhine, notably collects the waters of the 1011: 919: 895: 887: 863: 855: 844: 758: 679: 637: 615: 442: 408: 5805: 3137: 1059: 6702: 6200: 6013: 5885: 5810: 5790: 4666:(in Italian and German). Federal Authorities of the Swiss Confederation 3636: 3550: 3316: 3239: 3235: 3204: 3153: 1786: 1711: 1639: 1623: 1603: 1551: 1420: 1312: 1256: 1232: 1031: 832: 792: 721: 564: 4712:

Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%)

3607:

and lynx in the 21st century, which had been extinguished, though the

3591:(Romansh) are some of the most important written media of the region. 1266:

The diversity of the climate of the Grisons is high and comparable to

923: 839:

through several affluents (Mediterranean Sea), and the Engadin by the

6298: 5911: 5875: 5685: 5020:

Travel Journalism and Travel Media: Identities, Places and Imaginings

4689: 4354:

Graubünden, section 3.1.4 - Landesherrschaft und Widerstand im Norden

4218: 4084: 3756: 3692: 3554: 3539: 3208: 3181: 3169: 3117: 3101: 2738: 2652: 2634: 1820: 1737:

The arms of the three original leagues were combined into the modern

1592: 1565: 1533: 1228: 1165: 1157: 1109: 1047: 1039: 1015: 991: 975: 950: 867: 812: 647: 4214: 4080: 3165: 3148:

Agriculture is still essential to keep remote valleys inhabited and

979: 6933: 6303: 5835: 5815: 5690: 3742: 3714: 3466:, guarding the Inn valley. Many ruins and castles are found in the 3295: 3219: 3113: 3105: 2812:(13.9%) with the remaining 13% speaking another language natively. 2784: 2679: 1797: 1702:

In 1798, the lands of the canton of the Grisons became part of the

1695: 1619: 1432: 1248: 1236: 816: 741: 424: 31: 2603:"*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton. 1296:

Lowlands: Vineyards of the Bündner Herrschaft, at the foot of the

749:, as capital city. The area later became part of the lands of the 6328: 5845: 5840: 5830: 5715: 5440: 4874:(in tedesco), Chur: Institut für Kulturforschung Graubünden ikg, 3411: 3299: 3097:) the area where it is spoken by the majority of the population. 3094: 2670: 1658: 1651: 1635: 1595:

of 1520 drove the Three Leagues closer to the Swiss Confederacy.

1297: 1280: 1090: 1035: 1003: 820: 698: 4811: 4781: 4714:(Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from 4187: 3355:, which links most regions of the canton from the Rhine Valley. 3298:

paths were necessary for long stretches, and gorges such as the

2788:

Geographical distribution of languages in the Grisons as of 2000

1082: 6348: 6333: 6238: 5895: 5865: 5855: 5825: 5820: 5730: 5720: 5620: 4991: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3506: 3471: 3336: 3332: 3173: 2715: 1647: 1643: 1611: 1607: 1408: 1366: 1358: 1089:). In the lower part of the Engadin is also the side valley of 1074: 840: 808: 804: 736: 694: 690: 673: 457: 5392: 4318:

Eidgenossenschaft - Konsolidierung und Erweiterung (1353-1515)

555: 5880: 5785: 5770: 3728: 3526: 3448: 3308: 3255: 3231: 3227: 3215: 3189: 3109: 2706: 2697: 2643: 1466: 1260: 1252: 1240: 1220: 1113: 995: 836: 828: 717: 702: 5336: 4173:

Gefrierschrank Schweiz: Am kältesten wirds am Mittwochmorgen

728:, and linking the capital with most valleys of the Grisons. 6343: 5800: 5795: 5735: 5067:

Historic route across Alps Splügen Pass hike in Switzerland

3608: 3600: 3529:

leaves, then gratinated in oven with cheese and cream. The

2688: 2661: 1485: 1216: 1208:. The total number of lakes has been estimated to 600. See 1078: 983: 800: 787: 686: 619: 212: 4814:"Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion, nach Kantonen und Städten" 3943:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 216. 1407:

to the northwest (essentially across the Glarus Alps) and

1391:

The Grisons is sometimes included in the larger region of

5890: 5260: 3501: 3312: 549: 5307:

Foundation for the Bearded Vulture www.beardedvulture.ch

4390:

Graubünden, section 3.2.4 - Verfassung und Landesgesetze

4028:

Kanton Graubünden Chantun Grischun Cantone dei Grigioni

3969:

Kanton Graubünden Chantun Grischun Cantone dei Grigioni

1085:(forming the Val da Spöl) and the Clemgia (forming the 5160:

Hike the alps in Switzerland; Information, Graubünden

5140:"Graubünden Strasseninfos - Unser Kanton - www.gr.ch" 4466: 3538:

are another dish, essentially eaten in the valley of

3120:. There also exists a common written language called 561: 4759:. Statistique Suisse. 1 January 2009. Archived from 4460: 4454: 3618: 552: 4616:""Der Grosse Rat" Parliament of the Canton Grisons" 3196:, allowed by the milder climate. In the Mesolcina, 558: 7089:Regions of Europe with multiple official languages 5249:Bündner Herrschaft – a small region of great wines 5204:AG, Fleischtrocknerei Churwalden (10 March 2011). 4908: 1572:three years later. The Habsburgs were defeated at 5403:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). pp. 608–610. 5347:Official Canton of the Grisons statistics website 4902: 4896: 4559: 4183: 4181: 4047: 962:are found in the west of the canton and form the 753:. The late middle ages saw the foundation of the 7070: 4553: 4547: 1515:. This was followed by the establishment of the 1511:) was founded to resist the rising power of the 5342:Short documentary from the cantonal authorities 4509:"DNA tests aim to identify 17th century figure" 3403:mountains of the Grisons, the highest being on 5093:(in German). Verkehrsverein. 1973. p. 80. 4640:. Portal of the Canton Grisons. Archived from 4443: 4298: 4280: 4178: 3509:accompanied by various products of the Grisons 1714:, which was separated in 1797 for joining the 1527:, in 1395 in the Upper Rhine valley. The name 618:. It has eleven districts, and its capital is 6029: 5552: 5423: 5052:In step with the times for the past 150 years 4737:Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 December 2016). 4292: 4286: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3561:and that of Poschiavo is contiguous with the 982:at the St. Gallen border. In the area around 953:) is one of the largest rivers in the canton. 661: 651: 641: 461: 440: 345: 330: 281: 266: 86: 71: 27:Largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland 5287:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4987:"St Moritz, The Birthplace Of Winter Sports" 4757:"Répertoire officiel des communes de Suisse" 4579:Graubünden, section 4.2.2-Von 1848 bis heute 4484: 4482: 4156: 4154: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 3895:Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 January 2021). 3418:. It is the highest airport in Switzerland. 2593:FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009 1427:to the northeast and the Italian regions of 1311:Montane zone: Val Bregaglia, at the foot of 858:, closely followed by numerous peaks in the 831:(ending in the North Sea), the south by the 827:. The north of the canton is drained by the 739:, which was established in 15 BC, with 627: 315: 251: 56: 5016: 1831: 1665:was a major and divisive figure during the 1384:adjacent to the Swiss National Park, while 1026:, which in turn collects the waters of the 671: 636:. The other native names also refer to the 374:7,105.39 km (2,743.41 sq mi) 7094:States and territories established in 1803 7013:Cultural Property of National Significance 6036: 6022: 5559: 5545: 5526:Municipalities of the canton of Graubünden 5430: 5416: 5374: 5356: 4664:"Constitution of the canton of Graubünden" 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 3857: 3845: 3386:became a UNESCO world heritage as did the 2749:The inhabitants of the Grisons are called 1388:is one of the regionally supported parks. 852:both one of the highest and lowest cantons 5368: 5362: 5225:, graubuenden.ch. Retrieved 13 March 2021 4929:"Die ersten Volkszählungen in Graubünden" 4812:Federal Department of Statistics (2008). 4782:Federal Department of Statistics (2008). 4736: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4479: 4188:Federal Department of Statistics (2008). 4151: 4067: 3894: 2607: 994:. Its biggest tributaries are the rivers 6043: 5387: 5236:"Torta di Casatagna della Val Bregaglia" 4506: 4224: 4010:Whisky Trails Schweiz: Ein Reisehandbuch 3940:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 3575:is the Romansh-speaking division of the 3500: 3431: 3269: 3136: 2791: 2783: 2737: 1748: 1657: 1550: 1452: 1326:Alpine zone: Val Frisal, at the foot of 940: 786: 776: 765:. In 1471 an alliance gave birth to the 4950: 4419: 4247: 4007:Julia Nourney, Tom Wyss. "Graubünden", 1584:remained a loose association until the 14: 7071: 5206:"Grischuna - Spezialitad dal Grischun" 4984: 4974:Switzerland holidays Graubünden winter 4531: 4502: 4500: 4241: 4235: 4048:Kanton Graubünden (11 December 2012). 3804: 3599:The Grisons successfully reintroduced 3262:meetings are traditionally organised. 1419:to the north, the Austrian regions of 6017: 5540: 5411: 5337:Canton of the Grisons Tourism website 5083: 5081: 4956: 3921: 3819: 3789: 3763: 3749: 3735: 3721: 3699: 3670: 3211:and is a major employer in the area. 1210:list of mountain lakes of Switzerland 589: 576: 5381:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4985:Potter, Everett (21 November 2019). 4915:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4858:"Sprache, Religion - 01 Bevölkerung" 4602:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4566:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4473:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4413:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4377:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4341:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4305:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4254:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland 4190:"Regional Statistics for Graubünden" 3315:was only reached in 1897. After the 1817:enfranchisement of foreign residents 1411:to the west (essentially across the 678:is the Latin name for the area. The 456:260 m (853 ft): border to 5568:Cantons and capitals of Switzerland 5389:Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort 4960:Das Engadin – Naturwunder der Alpen 4507:MacNamee, Terence (17 April 2012). 4497: 3765:[ɡriˈʒuŋ,ɡriˈʒeu̯ŋ,ɡriˈʒœŋ] 2816:Languages in the Grisons 1803–2020 1626:passes. In 1618, the young radical 1046:at Chur, forming the valley of the 825:five drainage basins of the country 24: 7099:1803 establishments in Switzerland 5223:Recipe: Pizzoccheri from Poschiavo 5203: 5078: 4638:"Government of the Canton Grisons" 3470:area. Close by lies the church of 1073:, with a change of direction near 745:, a settlement dating back to the 25: 7110: 5325: 3573:Radiotelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha 3480:Benedictine Convent of Saint John 2742:View of Chur, at the foot of the 2721: 682:is the canton's heraldic symbol. 34:. For the French wine grape, see 6171: 5754: 5439: 5263:Applied Animal Behaviour Science 5121:Facts for Graubünden Switzerland 4161:Montagne e riscaldamento globale 3621: 1815:The constitution allows for the 1334: 1319: 1304: 1289: 862:. Other prominent mountains are 545: 162: 139: 129: 5998:By gross regional product (GRP) 5295: 5254: 5242: 5228: 5216: 5197: 5171: 5150: 5132: 5111: 5057: 5045: 5010: 4978: 4967: 4938: 4921: 4885: 4864: 4850: 4835: 4805: 4775: 4749: 4730: 4704: 4678: 4656: 4630: 4608: 4572: 4383: 4347: 4311: 4269: 4260: 4208: 4166: 4125: 4106: 4090: 4041: 3478:are located in the canton: the 2733: 2092: 1542:League of the Ten Jurisdictions 1081:(forming the Val Bernina), the 970:. These two rivers converge at 884:list of mountains of Graubünden 763:League of the Ten Jurisdictions 439:4,049 m (13,284 ft): 6531:President of the Confederation 4618:. Portal of the Canton Grisons 4489:Graubünden's religious history 4215:Topographic map of the Grisons 4081:Topographic map of the Grisons 4016: 4001: 3982: 3957: 3915: 3888: 3654: 3577:Swiss Broadcasting Corporation 3455:in spring and autumn, and the 3451:. Traditional customs include 2596: 2586: 1753:Grand Council building in Chur 13: 1: 5103:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 4957:Mayer, Kurt (3 August 2015). 3965:"Welcome Bainvegni Benvenuti" 3838: 1744: 5275:10.1016/0168-1591(91)90262-V 4845:Canton of Graubünden Website 4101:Federal Office of Topography 3579:and focuses on the Grisons. 3484:Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona 3414:valley has its own airport, 3265: 2767: 2728:municipalities in the canton 1374:Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona 1212:for a more exhaustive list. 7: 5927:Unterwalden (-15th century) 5626:Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR) 5468:Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair 3614: 2730:(as of January 2016). 2640:Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair 1826: 1722:in 1814 before joining the 1718:. It was later part of the 1618:party was supported by the 1006:, forming respectively the 610:, is one of the twenty-six 10: 7115: 5631:Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI) 5090:Heimatbuch Thusis, Viamala 4963:(documentary) (in German). 3425: 3421: 3326:San Bernardino road tunnel 3198:olive trees are also grown 3152:, differing it from sheer 3132: 3126:Swiss Federal Constitution 2777: 2771: 2612: 2598: 2588: 2539:Voter participation % 1838: 1442: 1438: 815:to the southern plains at 780: 29: 7030: 6889: 6771: 6762: 6638: 6629: 6486: 6477: 6393: 6219: 6193: 6189: 6180: 6169: 6064: 6055: 5980: 5904: 5763: 5752: 5613: 5516: 5453: 3594: 3311:, whose remote hamlet of 1843: 1804:, promote prosperity and 731:Formerly occupied by the 513: 499: 481: 471: 450: 433: 423: 415: 404: 399: 391: 383: 378: 370: 365: 301: 239: 234: 218: 208: 173: 153: 125: 118: 109: 48: 6491:Administrative divisions 6378:list of cities and towns 5521:Districts of Switzerland 4947:accessed 8 November 2017 4847:accessed 8 November 2017 4440:accessed 16 January 2012 4221:. Retrieved 4 March 2022 4087:. Retrieved 8 March 2021 3854:accessed 27 October 2017 3647: 3093:and sections of western 2753:or (rarely) Grisonians. 1832:Federal election results 1730:the "perpetual ally" of 783:Geography of Switzerland 155:Location in Switzerland 6688:Pharmaceutical industry 5603:Flags and coats of arms 5400:Encyclopædia Britannica 5332:Official Canton website 4842:(in German and Italian) 4743:Bundesamt für Statistik 4024:"Survey of the Grisons" 3998:(little Switzerland).") 3901:Bundesamt für Statistik 3801: 3557:is contiguous with the 1789:to three terms using a 1606:party was supported by 1435:to the east and south. 791:The Engadin (here near 416: • Per capita 7084:Cantons of Switzerland 6693:Science and technology 6536:Federal administration 4870:Coray, Renata (2008), 4097:Summits of Switzerland 3816: 3787:(Cantone dei) Grigioni 3786: 3774: 3760: 3746: 3732: 3718: 3696: 3667: 3563:Valtellina wine region 3510: 3459:at the end of winter. 3440: 3376:Swiss Federal Railways 3282: 3145: 2797: 2789: 2746: 2608:Political subdivisions 1778: 1770: 1762: 1754: 1670: 1588:of 23 September 1524. 1556: 1462: 954: 796: 672: 662: 656:in the other forms of 652: 642: 628: 462: 441: 346: 331: 316: 282: 267: 252: 87: 72: 57: 5636:Basel-Landschaft (BL) 5126:14 April 2011 at the 3672:[ɡraʊˈbʏndn̩] 3504: 3435: 3273: 3140: 3081:More speakers of the 2795: 2787: 2741: 2046:National conservatism 1752: 1739:cantonal coat of arms 1661: 1562:Old Swiss Confederacy 1554: 1497:League of God's House 1461:and surrounding lands 1456: 1443:Further information: 986:, at the foot of the 944: 790: 777:Geography and climate 771:Old Swiss Confederacy 755:League of God's House 604:Canton of the Grisons 602:), more formally the 591:[ɡraʊˈbʏndn̩] 411:14.519 billion (2020) 395:28/km (73/sq mi) 119:Canton of the Grisons 7018:World Heritage Sites 5922:Outer Schwyz (-1833) 5017:Ben Cocking (2020). 4491:(PDF; 3.95 MB) 4118:13 July 2022 at the 3988:Benjamin R. Barber, 3817:(Canton des) Grisons 3791:[ɡriˈdʒoːni] 3476:World Heritage Sites 3260:World Economic Forum 3252:1948 Winter Olympics 3248:1928 Winter Olympics 2089:Ring of Independents 1896:Classical liberalism 1538:Toggenburg countship 1523:), sometimes called 1429:Trentino-South Tyrol 1382:Biosfera Val Müstair 1219:. It is followed by 960:sources of the Rhine 689:cantons, along with 626:name of the canton, 608:Canton of Graubünden 392: • Density 121:Canton of Graubünden 30:For the animal, see 6816:Firearms regulation 6385:Statistical regions 6194:Physiographic areas 5614:Present-day cantons 5185:on 1 September 2009 5165:15 May 2011 at the 5072:6 July 2011 at the 4823:on 29 December 2008 4793:on 15 December 2008 4050:"Grisons the movie" 3937:(eds.). "Grisons". 3668:(Kanton) Graubünden 3453:Alpine transhumance 2817: 2617:as of January 2017 1946:Christian democracy 1757:The Grand Council ( 1393:Eastern Switzerland 1370:World Heritage Site 1363:Swiss National Park 1268:that of Switzerland 1190:Lai da Sontga Maria 1142:San Bernardino Pass 189: / 6781:Capital punishment 6713:Telecommunications 6607:Popular initiative 5905:Historical cantons 5144:www.strassen.gr.ch 4450:Valtellina murders 4139:on 16 January 2011 3996:die kleine Schweiz 3775:(Chantun) Grischun 3771:Rumantsch Grischun 3733:(Chantun) Grischun 3719:(Chantun) Grischun 3629:Switzerland portal 3559:Ticino wine region 3511: 3441: 3436:Painted houses in 3283: 3158:mountain pasturage 3146: 3122:Rumantsch Grischun 2815: 2798: 2790: 2747: 1755: 1726:in 1859. With the 1716:Cisalpine Republic 1671: 1557: 1463: 955: 797: 405: • Total 384: • Total 371: • Total 225:108 municipalities 158:Map of the Grisons 7066: 7065: 7026: 7025: 6836:Human trafficking 6758: 6757: 6625: 6624: 6602:Political parties 6595:Council of States 6518:Foreign relations 6473: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6011: 6010: 5932:Helvetic Republic 5912:Appenzell (-1597) 5861:Schaffhausen (SH) 5696:Schaffhausen (SH) 5534: 5533: 4880:978-3-905342-43-7 4821:(Microsoft Excel) 4791:(Microsoft Excel) 3950:978-0-521-15255-6 3806:[ɡriˈzoŋ] 3761:(Cantùn) Grischùn 3751:[ɡriˈʒun] 3747:(Cantun) Grischun 3737:[ɡriˈʒum] 3723:[ɡriˈʒun] 3701:[ɡʁiˈʒun] 3697:(Cantun) Grischun 3582:Die Südostschweiz 3544:Bündner Nusstorte 3162:Maremma Sheepdogs 3079: 3078: 2583: 2582: 2402:Swiss nationalism 2096:Social liberalism 1720:Empire of Austria 1704:Helvetic Republic 1378:Biosphere Reserve 1372:, under the name 1206:Lägh da l'Albigna 1174:Lago di Poschiavo 1136:, drained by the 1128:, drained by the 1120:, drained by the 1112:, drained by the 537: 536: 419:CHF 72,754 (2020) 246:Executive Council 16:(Redirected from 7106: 7046: 7039: 6769: 6768: 6750:Waste management 6683: 6643:Economic history 6636: 6635: 6590:National Council 6575:National Redoubt 6484: 6483: 6191: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6175: 6151:Military history 6121:Early Modern era 6038: 6031: 6024: 6015: 6014: 5758: 5641:Basel-Stadt (BS) 5605: 5598: 5595:Thirteen Cantons 5589: 5580: 5561: 5554: 5547: 5538: 5537: 5444: 5443: 5432: 5425: 5418: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5396: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5303:"Reintroduction" 5299: 5293: 5292: 5286: 5278: 5269:(1–4): 379–387. 5258: 5252: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5213: 5210:www.grischuna.ch 5201: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5181:. Archived from 5175: 5169: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5136: 5130: 5119: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5094: 5085: 5076: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5001: 4999: 4982: 4976: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4925: 4919: 4910: 4904: 4898: 4889: 4883: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4854: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4822: 4816:. Archived from 4809: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4792: 4786:. Archived from 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4718:on 2 August 2016 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4612: 4606: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4576: 4570: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4540: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4519:on 10 March 2014 4515:. Archived from 4504: 4495: 4494: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4432: 4417: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4387: 4381: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4351: 4345: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4315: 4309: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4258: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4228: 4222: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4196:on 14 April 2009 4192:. Archived from 4185: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4135:. Archived from 4129: 4123: 4110: 4104: 4094: 4088: 4078: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4020: 4014: 4005: 3999: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3866: 3855: 3849: 3832: 3823: 3821:[ɡʁizɔ̃] 3808: 3793: 3767: 3753: 3739: 3725: 3711: 3710: 3709: 3703: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3674: 3658: 3631: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3585:(in German) and 3488:Rhaetian Railway 3353:Rhaetian Railway 3194:chestnut farming 3083:Romansh language 3072:149,471 (74.7%) 3055:142,378 (73.5%) 3038:143,015 (74.6%) 3021:127,755 (68.3%) 2818: 2814: 2774:Romansh language 2602: 2592: 2204:Green liberalism 1996:Social democracy 1889:FDP.The Liberals 1836: 1835: 1728:Act of Mediation 1724:Kingdom of Italy 1708:canton of Raetia 1546:Zehngerichtebund 1338: 1323: 1308: 1293: 1284:(50.0 °F). 1202:Lai da Marmorera 860:homonymous range 726:Rhaetian Railway 677: 665: 655: 645: 631: 601: 600: 599: 593: 588: 580: 578:[ɡʁizɔ̃] 575: 571: 570: 567: 566: 563: 560: 557: 554: 551: 533: 530: 528: 526: 524: 522: 520: 467: 446: 357: 349: 342: 334: 327: 319: 293: 285: 278: 270: 263: 255: 204: 203: 201: 200: 199: 194: 193:46.750°N 9.500°E 190: 187: 186: 185: 182: 166: 143: 133: 98: 90: 83: 75: 68: 60: 46: 45: 21: 7114: 7113: 7109: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7104: 7103: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7049: 7042: 7035: 7022: 6986:Public holidays 6885: 6866:Social security 6754: 6681: 6621: 6565:Law enforcement 6526:Federal Council 6465: 6446:Mountain passes 6389: 6215: 6176: 6167: 6099:Federal Charter 6094:Old Confederacy 6060: 6051: 6042: 6012: 6007: 5976: 5900: 5886:St. Gallen (SG) 5811:Frauenfeld (TG) 5791:Bellinzona (TI) 5759: 5750: 5711:St. Gallen (SG) 5609: 5608: 5601: 5592: 5583: 5574: 5570: 5565: 5535: 5530: 5512: 5498:Prättigau/Davos 5449: 5445:Regions of the 5438: 5436: 5394:"Grisons" 5328: 5323: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5280: 5279: 5259: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5234: 5233: 5229: 5221: 5217: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5186: 5179:"Capuns recipe" 5177: 5176: 5172: 5167:Wayback Machine 5156: 5155: 5151: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5128:Wayback Machine 5117: 5116: 5112: 5096: 5095: 5087: 5086: 5079: 5074:Wayback Machine 5063: 5062: 5058: 5050: 5046: 5035: 5025:Springer Nature 5015: 5011: 4997: 4995: 4983: 4979: 4972: 4968: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4926: 4922: 4892:Canton Grigioni 4890: 4886: 4869: 4865: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4820: 4810: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4763:on 12 June 2009 4755: 4754: 4750: 4735: 4731: 4721: 4719: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4669: 4667: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4577: 4573: 4541: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4505: 4498: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4448: 4444: 4437: 4433: 4420: 4388: 4384: 4352: 4348: 4316: 4312: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4229: 4225: 4213: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4186: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4120:Wayback Machine 4111: 4107: 4095: 4091: 4079: 4068: 4058: 4056: 4046: 4042: 4032: 4030: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4006: 4002: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3893: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3868: 3867: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3835: 3802:(Cantón) Griṡón 3705: 3704: 3676: 3675: 3660:Names include: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3627: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3605:bearded vulture 3597: 3430: 3424: 3416:Samedan Airport 3388:Bernina Railway 3372:Bernina Express 3368:Glacier Express 3360:European record 3319:expanded their 3275:Glacier Express 3268: 3188:there is corn ( 3135: 3075:27,813 (13.9%) 3069:27,813 (13.9%) 3058:25,033 (12.9%) 3052:29,826 (15.4%) 3041:23,506 (12.0%) 3035:27,955 (15.2%) 3024:19,106 (10.2%) 3018:27,038 (14.5%) 3007:22,199 (13.5%) 3004:98,645 (59.9%) 3001:36,017 (21.9%) 2990:25,575 (15.8%) 2987:93,359 (57.6%) 2984:37,878 (23.4%) 2973:23,682 (16.1%) 2970:83,544 (56.7%) 2967:38,414 (26.1%) 2956:18,079 (13.2%) 2953:77,096 (56.2%) 2950:40,109 (29.3%) 2939:16,438 (12.8%) 2936:70,421 (54.9%) 2933:40,187 (31.3%) 2922:17,674 (14.8%) 2919:61,379 (51.2%) 2916:39,127 (32.7%) 2905:17,539 (16.8%) 2902:48,762 (46.7%) 2899:36,472 (34.9%) 2888:12,976 (13.7%) 2885:43,664 (46.0%) 2882:37,794 (39.8%) 2871:11,956 (13.3%) 2868:35,509 (39.5%) 2865:42,439 (47.2%) 2782: 2780:Italian Grisons 2776: 2770: 2736: 2724: 2694:Prättigau/Davos 2615: 2610: 2452:Christian right 1939:CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD 1834: 1829: 1791:majority system 1783:majority system 1747: 1675:Rietberg Castle 1509:Ca' di Dio 1490:diocese of Chur 1451: 1441: 1413:Gotthard Massif 1386:Ela Nature Park 1349: 1347:Piz Morteratsch 1339: 1330: 1324: 1315: 1309: 1300: 1294: 1182:Lago di Livigno 1178:Lake St. Moritz 1170:Lake Silvaplana 1056:homonymous town 968:Posterior Rhine 785: 779: 751:diocese of Chur 595: 594: 586: 573: 548: 544: 517: 500:Other languages 360: 351: 336: 321: 311: 296: 287: 272: 257: 247: 197: 195: 191: 188: 183: 180: 178: 176: 175: 169: 168: 167: 161: 159: 149: 148: 147: 146: 137: 136: 120: 114: 105: 102: 101: 92: 77: 62: 51: 44: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7112: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7048: 7047: 7040: 7032: 7031: 7028: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6994: 6993: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6967: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6895: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6698:Stock exchange 6695: 6690: 6685: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6650: 6645: 6639: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6617:Federal decree 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6551: 6550: 6540: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6498: 6493: 6487: 6481: 6475: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6411:Extreme points 6408: 6403: 6397: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6373:Municipalities 6370: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6225: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6211:Jura Mountains 6208: 6203: 6197: 6195: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6163:Historiography 6160: 6159: 6158: 6148: 6146:Modern history 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6126:Napoleonic era 6123: 6118: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6070: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6041: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6018: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5984: 5982: 5981:Lists by topic 5978: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5876:Solothurn (SO) 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5851:Neuchâtel (NE) 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5781:Appenzell (AI) 5778: 5773: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5706:Solothurn (SO) 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5686:Nidwalden (NW) 5683: 5681:Neuchâtel (NE) 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5617: 5615: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5599: 5590: 5581: 5571: 5564: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5541: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5435: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5385: 5378:in the online 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5327: 5326:External links 5324: 5321: 5320: 5294: 5253: 5241: 5227: 5215: 5196: 5170: 5149: 5131: 5110: 5077: 5056: 5044: 5033: 5009: 4977: 4966: 4949: 4937: 4920: 4912:in the online 4884: 4863: 4849: 4834: 4804: 4774: 4748: 4729: 4703: 4688:(in Italian). 4677: 4655: 4644:on 3 June 2009 4629: 4607: 4599:in the online 4571: 4563:in the online 4543:Bündner Wirren 4530: 4496: 4478: 4470:in the online 4442: 4418: 4410:in the online 4382: 4374:in the online 4346: 4338:in the online 4310: 4302:in the online 4268: 4259: 4251:in the online 4223: 4207: 4177: 4165: 4150: 4124: 4105: 4089: 4066: 4040: 4015: 4000: 3981: 3956: 3949: 3914: 3887: 3856: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3826: 3825: 3810: 3795: 3780: 3779: 3778: 3768: 3754: 3740: 3726: 3712: 3684: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3616: 3613: 3611:remains rare. 3596: 3593: 3515:Bündnerfleisch 3423: 3420: 3279:Albula Railway 3267: 3264: 3134: 3131: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2856: 2855: 2854:10,000 (~14%) 2852: 2851:26,500 (~36%) 2849: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2769: 2766: 2735: 2732: 2726:There are 114 2723: 2722:Municipalities 2720: 2719: 2718: 2712:Viamala Region 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2594: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2399: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2304:Green politics 2301: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2251: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2154:Christian left 2151: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1893: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1806:social justice 1771:Gran Consiglio 1746: 1743: 1683:Lower Engadine 1667:Bündner Wirren 1600:Bündner Wirren 1536:in the former 1513:Bishop of Chur 1449:Bündner Wirren 1440: 1437: 1355:canton of Bern 1351: 1350: 1340: 1333: 1331: 1325: 1318: 1316: 1310: 1303: 1301: 1295: 1288: 1058:, forming the 964:Anterior Rhine 947:Anterior Rhine 876:Aroser Rothorn 778: 775: 535: 534: 515: 511: 510: 501: 497: 496: 483: 479: 478: 475: 469: 468: 454: 448: 447: 437: 431: 430: 427: 421: 420: 417: 413: 412: 406: 402: 401: 397: 396: 393: 389: 388: 385: 381: 380: 376: 375: 372: 368: 367: 363: 362: 359: 358: 347:Gran Consiglio 343: 328: 312: 306: 299: 298: 295: 294: 279: 264: 248: 244: 237: 236: 232: 231: 220: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 171: 170: 160: 157: 156: 154: 151: 150: 144: 138: 134: 128: 127: 126: 123: 122: 116: 115: 110: 107: 106: 103: 100: 99: 84: 69: 53: 52: 49: 42: 36:Grison (grape) 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7111: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7041: 7038: 7034: 7033: 7029: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6761: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6664: 6663:Private banks 6661: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6555:Landsgemeinde 6553: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6544: 6541: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6507: 6506:Supreme Court 6504: 6503: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6206:Swiss Plateau 6204: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6174: 6164: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6136:Federal state 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6084:Early history 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6039: 6034: 6032: 6027: 6025: 6020: 6019: 6016: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5917:Basel (-1833) 5915: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5836:Lausanne (VD) 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5816:Fribourg (FR) 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5806:Delémont (JU) 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5757: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5691:Obwalden (OW) 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5651:Fribourg (FR) 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5586:Eight Cantons 5582: 5579: 5578: 5577:Three Cantons 5573: 5572: 5569: 5562: 5557: 5555: 5550: 5548: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5515: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5433: 5428: 5426: 5421: 5419: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5402: 5401: 5395: 5390: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5290: 5284: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5250: 5245: 5237: 5231: 5224: 5219: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5184: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5153: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5114: 5106: 5100: 5092: 5091: 5084: 5082: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5060: 5053: 5048: 5041: 5036: 5034:9781137599087 5030: 5027:. p. 9. 5026: 5022: 5021: 5013: 5006: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4981: 4975: 4970: 4962: 4961: 4953: 4946: 4941: 4930: 4924: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4888: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4859: 4853: 4846: 4838: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4789: 4785: 4778: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4744: 4740: 4733: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4692:. 17 May 2009 4691: 4687: 4681: 4665: 4659: 4643: 4639: 4633: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4575: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4518: 4514: 4513:Swissinfo.com 4510: 4503: 4501: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4446: 4436: 4435:Swiss History 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4386: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4350: 4343: 4342: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4314: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4272: 4263: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4227: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4195: 4191: 4184: 4182: 4174: 4169: 4162: 4157: 4155: 4138: 4134: 4128: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4109: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4029: 4025: 4019: 4012: 4011: 4004: 3997: 3993: 3992: 3985: 3970: 3966: 3960: 3952: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3923:Jones, Daniel 3918: 3902: 3898: 3891: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3853: 3848: 3844: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3642:Three Leagues 3640: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3619: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3592: 3590: 3589: 3588:La Quotidiana 3584: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3445:Johanna Spyri 3439: 3434: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3406: 3405:Piz Corvatsch 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3292:Septimer Pass 3289: 3280: 3277:climbing the 3276: 3272: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3186:Val Poschiavo 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3141:Skiers above 3139: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3091:Liechtenstein 3088: 3084: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2813: 2811: 2808:(13.9%), and 2807: 2803: 2794: 2786: 2781: 2775: 2765: 2763: 2762:Protestantism 2759: 2754: 2752: 2745: 2740: 2731: 2729: 2717: 2714:with capital 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705:with capital 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696:with capital 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687:with capital 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678:with capital 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669:with capital 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660:with capital 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651:with capital 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642:with capital 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633:with capital 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624:with capital 2623: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2482: 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2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1810:trilingualism 1807: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1779:Cussegl Grond 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1751: 1742: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1697: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1668: 1664: 1663:Jörg Jenatsch 1660: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628:Jörg Jenatsch 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1582:Three Leagues 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1460: 1459:Three Leagues 1455: 1450: 1446: 1445:Three Leagues 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417:Liechtenstein 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1348: 1344: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1322: 1317: 1314: 1307: 1302: 1299: 1292: 1287: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1277:Piz Corvatsch 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1146:Septimer Pass 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:Val Poschiavo 1123: 1119: 1118:Val Bregaglia 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 952: 949:(here at the 948: 943: 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 916:Oberhalbstein 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 880:Rheinwaldhorn 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 848: 847:(Black Sea). 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 794: 789: 784: 774: 772: 768: 767:Three Leagues 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 743: 738: 734: 729: 727: 723: 719: 715: 710: 708: 707:Liechtenstein 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 683: 681: 676: 675: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 635: 634:Three Leagues 630: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 598: 592: 584: 579: 569: 542: 532: 516: 512: 509: 508:Walser German 505: 502: 498: 495: 491: 487: 484: 480: 476: 474: 470: 466: 465: 459: 455: 453: 449: 445: 444: 438: 436: 435:Highest point 432: 428: 426: 425:ISO 3166 code 422: 418: 414: 410: 407: 403: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 377: 373: 369: 364: 355: 348: 344: 340: 333: 332:Cussegl Grond 329: 325: 318: 314: 313: 310: 309:Grand Council 307: 305: 302: • 300: 291: 284: 280: 276: 269: 265: 261: 254: 253:Regierungsrat 250: 249: 245: 243: 240: • 238: 233: 230: 226: 223: 221: 217: 214: 211: 207: 202: 198:46.750; 9.500 174:Coordinates: 172: 165: 152: 142: 132: 124: 117: 113: 108: 96: 89: 85: 81: 74: 70: 66: 59: 55: 54: 47: 41: 37: 33: 19: 6991:National Day 6914:Coat of arms 6904:Architecture 6871:Swiss people 6861:Prostitution 6831:Homelessness 6801:Demographics 6786:Conscription 6723:Trade unions 6658:Central bank 6543:Human rights 6496:Constitution 6278: 6221:Subdivisions 6156:list of wars 6058:Major topics 6057: 6003:By elevation 5988:Legislatures 5931: 5846:Lucerne (LU) 5841:Liestal (BL) 5831:Herisau (AR) 5776:Altdorf (UR) 5716:Thurgau (TG) 5676:Lucerne (LU) 5666:Grisons (GR) 5665: 5593: 5584: 5575: 5446: 5398: 5379: 5351: 5311:. Retrieved 5306: 5297: 5283:cite journal 5266: 5262: 5256: 5244: 5230: 5218: 5209: 5199: 5187:. Retrieved 5183:the original 5173: 5157:(in English) 5152: 5143: 5134: 5118:(in English) 5113: 5089: 5064:(in English) 5059: 5047: 5038: 5019: 5012: 5003: 4996:. Retrieved 4990: 4980: 4969: 4959: 4952: 4940: 4923: 4913: 4891: 4887: 4871: 4866: 4852: 4837: 4825:. Retrieved 4818:the original 4807: 4795:. Retrieved 4788:the original 4777: 4765:. Retrieved 4761:the original 4751: 4742: 4732: 4720:. Retrieved 4716:the original 4706: 4694:. Retrieved 4680: 4668:. Retrieved 4658: 4646:. Retrieved 4642:the original 4632: 4620:. Retrieved 4610: 4600: 4578: 4574: 4564: 4542: 4521:. Retrieved 4517:the original 4512: 4471: 4449: 4445: 4411: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4353: 4349: 4339: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4275: 4271: 4262: 4252: 4230: 4226: 4210: 4198:. Retrieved 4194:the original 4168: 4141:. Retrieved 4137:the original 4127: 4108: 4092: 4057:. Retrieved 4053: 4043: 4031:. Retrieved 4027: 4018: 4008: 4003: 3995: 3989: 3984: 3972:. Retrieved 3968: 3959: 3938: 3935:Esling, John 3931:Setter, Jane 3927:Roach, Peter 3917: 3905:. Retrieved 3900: 3890: 3880:21 September 3878:. Retrieved 3874:bfs.admin.ch 3873: 3847: 3656: 3598: 3586: 3580: 3571: 3567:Calanda Bräu 3548: 3512: 3498:Landscapes. 3461: 3457:Chalandamarz 3442: 3409: 3357: 3349:Chur station 3330: 3305:Splügen Pass 3284: 3258:, where the 3244:winter sport 3213: 3207:is based in 3202: 3147: 3099: 3080: 2845: 2833:Italian (%) 2827:Romansh (%) 2799: 2755: 2750: 2748: 2734:Demographics 2725: 2626:Tiefencastel 2616: 2597: 2587: 2254:Conservatism 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 1814: 1795: 1756: 1736: 1701: 1692: 1672: 1669:(1618–1639). 1632:Nicolò Rusca 1614:, while the 1597: 1590: 1585: 1574:Calven Gorge 1558: 1545: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495:In 1367 the 1494: 1481: 1479: 1475:Pfyn culture 1470: 1464: 1390: 1352: 1341:Nival zone: 1328:Piz Durschin 1265: 1214: 1194:Zervreilasee 1162: 1154:Bernina Pass 1107: 1064: 1008:Val Lumnezia 1000:Valser Rhine 956: 849: 843:through the 798: 747:Pfyn culture 740: 730: 711: 684: 607: 603: 582: 540: 538: 452:Lowest point 229:11 districts 222: 219:Subdivisions 145:Coat of arms 40: 6964:Röstigraben 6841:Immigration 6648:Agriculture 6522:Government 6406:Earthquakes 6131:Restoration 6116:Reformation 6079:Enlargement 6045:Switzerland 5972:Waldstätten 5896:Zurich (ZH) 5866:Schwyz (SZ) 5856:Sarnen (OW) 5826:Glarus (GL) 5821:Geneva (GE) 5746:Zürich (ZH) 5731:Valais (VS) 5721:Ticino (TI) 5701:Schwyz (SZ) 5661:Glarus (GL) 5656:Geneva (GE) 5621:Aargau (AG) 4493:(in German) 4438:(in German) 4276:Grauer Bund 4200:23 November 3903:(in German) 3829:other names 3536:Pizzoccheri 3384:Albula Line 3288:Julier Pass 3224:Lenzerheide 3143:Lenzerheide 3087:Middle Ages 2830:German (%) 2824:Population 2758:Catholicism 1802:Rechtsstaat 1763:Grosser Rat 1732:Switzerland 1586:Bundesbrief 1570:Swabian War 1529:Grey League 1521:Grauer Bund 1517:Grey League 1505:Gottes Haus 1457:Map of the 1343:Piz Bernina 1245:Lenzerheide 1198:Lago Bianco 1186:Lago di Lei 1150:Maloja Pass 1134:Val Müstair 1130:Poschiavino 1103:Flüela Pass 1099:Albula Pass 1095:Julier Pass 1087:Val S-charl 1067:Maloja Pass 1020:Avers Rhine 1012:Vals Valley 992:Rhine Gorge 951:Rhine Gorge 864:Piz Russein 856:Piz Bernina 759:Grey League 680:Alpine ibex 638:Grey League 616:Switzerland 464:San Vittore 443:Piz Bernina 317:Grosser Rat 304:Legislative 196: / 7073:Categories 6971:Literature 6826:Healthcare 6811:Euthanasia 6791:Corruption 6703:Swiss made 6682:(currency) 6585:Parliament 6580:Neutrality 6201:Swiss Alps 6141:World wars 6104:Rütli Oath 5993:Executives 5940:Bellinzona 5881:Stans (NW) 5786:Basel (BS) 5771:Aarau (AG) 4797:5 November 4143:17 January 3839:References 3637:Swiss Alps 3551:Pinot Noir 3505:A dish of 3426:See also: 3341:Lötschberg 3321:Postal Bus 3317:Swiss Post 3240:Pontresina 3236:St. Moritz 3205:Ems-Chemie 3154:wilderness 3150:cultivated 2778:See also: 2772:See also: 1745:Government 1712:Valtellina 1640:Valtellina 1604:Protestant 1564:after the 1534:bailiwicks 1421:Vorarlberg 1405:St. Gallen 1376:. 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