Knights Hospitaller

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against the knights' cardinal reason for existence, in that by serving a European power directly they faced the very real possibility that they would be fighting against another Roman Catholic force, as in the few Franco-Spanish naval skirmishes that occurred in this period. The biggest paradox is the fact that for many years the Kingdom of France remained on amicable terms with the Ottoman Empire, the Knights' greatest and bitterest foe and purported sole purpose for existence. Paris signed many trade agreements with the Ottomans and agreed to an informal (and ultimately ineffective) cease-fire between the two states during this period. That the Knights associated themselves with the allies of their sworn enemies shows their moral ambivalence and the new commercial-minded nature of the Mediterranean in the 17th century. Serving in a foreign navy, in particular that of the French, gave the Knights the chance to serve the Church and for many, their King, to increase their chances of promotion in either their adopted navy or in Malta, to receive far better pay, to stave off their boredom with frequent cruises, to embark on the highly preferable short cruises of the French Navy over the long caravans favoured by the Maltese, and if the Knight desired, to indulge in some of the pleasures of a traditional debauched seaport. In return, the French gained and quickly assembled an experienced navy to stave off the threat of the Spanish and their Habsburg masters. The shift in attitudes of the Knights over this period is ably outlined by Paul Lacroix, who states:

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claimed to be victims of the knights' over-eagerness to stop and confiscate any goods remotely connected to the Turks. In an effort to regulate the growing problem, the authorities in Malta established a judicial court, the Consiglio del Mer, where captains who felt wronged could plead their case, often successfully. The practice of issuing privateering licenses and thus state endorsement, which had been in existence for a number of years, was tightly regulated as the island's government attempted to haul in the unscrupulous knights and appease the European powers and limited benefactors. Yet these efforts were not altogether successful, as the Consiglio del Mer received numerous complaints around the year 1700 of Maltese piracy in the region. Ultimately, the rampant over-indulgence in

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he did not follow the precepts binding the Grand Master: he was married and not celibate; he had never been to Malta and declined to live there; and he was not a Roman Catholic. Several other orders have made claims over the Order of St John since the 19th century. Each order, including the Russian Tradition, generally uses its interpretation of sources to present and claim a particular history of events. No independent sources support any superseding order of the Knights Hospitaller, all of which use either non-primary or self-published, non-peer-reviewed sources in support of their claims of legitimacy. The Order came to an end either shortly after the 1798 expulsion of the knights from Malta, or soon after the Russian Revolution in the early 20th century.

2557: 2255: 1729: 2193: 920: 2939:) by the time of the First Crusade. A charter from King Baldwin I of Jerusalem dating to 1112 refers to the "poor brothers" of the hospital. Over the next century, members of the Order were organized between chaplains and lay-brothers, with the latter being those that took monastic vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and the brothers-at-arms eventually consisted of two ranks – knight brothers and sergeant brothers. The Rule of Raymond du Puy, which was confirmed in the 1140s, did not mention brothers-at-arms, but they were in the statues of the early 1180s. Thus the Order developed three main ranks, those of priest brothers, knight brothers, and sergeant brothers. 1362: 2147:. Further compounding their financial woes; over the course of this period, the exchange rate of the local currencies against the 'scudo' that were established in the late 16th century gradually became outdated, meaning the knights were gradually receiving less at merchant factories. Economically hindered by the barren island they now inhabited, many knights went beyond their call of duty by raiding Muslim ships. More and more ships were plundered, from whose profits many knights lived idly and luxuriously, taking local women to be their wives and enrolling in the navies of France and Spain in search of adventure, experience, and yet more money. 8169: 7535: 7495: 7476: 3137:

and of Malta (The Order of Malta), Die Balley Brandenburg des Ritterlichen Ordens Sankt Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem, commonly known as the Johanniter Orden (Germany), Johanniter Orde in Nederland (Netherland), Johanniterorden i Sverige (Sweden), and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (Order of St. John, sometimes referred to as the Most Venerable Order). In 1961 an alliance was formed between the Most Venerable Order, the Johanniter Orden, Johanniter Orde in Nederland, and Johanniterorden i Sverige; these four orders compromise the Alliance of the Orders of St. John".

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mythical history, claiming that the American organisation he led had been founded within the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller in 1908: a spurious claim, but which nevertheless misled many including some academics. In truth, the foundation of his organisation had no connection to the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller. Once created, the attraction of Russian Nobles into membership of Pichel's 'Order' lent some plausibility to his claims.

2013:, the fortifications were still intact. Working night and day the garrison had repaired the breaches, and the capture of Malta seemed more and more impossible. Many of the Ottoman troops in crowded quarters had fallen ill over the terrible summer months. Ammunition and food were beginning to run short, and the Ottoman troops were becoming increasingly dispirited by the failure of their attacks and their losses. The death on 23 June of skilled commander 1251:(about 1200). In the latter, a marked distinction is made between secular knights, externs to the order, who served only for a time, and the professed knights, attached to the order by a perpetual vow, and who alone enjoyed the same spiritual privileges as the other religious. The order numbered three distinct classes of membership: the military brothers, the brothers infirmarians, and the brothers chaplains, to whom was entrusted the divine service. 7344: 8185: 7944: 7567: 3310: 8208: 7135: 7353: 1394: 7329: 929:. Bull issued by Pope Paschal II in 1113 in favour of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, which was to transform what was a community of pious men into an institution within the Church. By virtue of this document, the pope officially recognized the existence of the new organisation as an operative and militant part of the Roman Catholic Church, granting it papal protection and confirming its properties in Europe and Asia. 7112: 6389: 2368: 2605:

over 52,000 medical personnel – doctors, nurses and paramedics – are dedicated to the care of the poor, the sick, the elderly, the disabled, the homeless, terminal patients, lepers, and all those who suffer. The Order is especially involved in helping victims of armed conflicts and natural disasters by providing medical assistance, caring for refugees, and distributing medicines and basic equipment for survival.

1070:. The Pope subordinated the hospital to his own authority and exempted it from paying tithes on the lands it owned, and gave the right to its professed brothers to elect their master. He also placed several other hospitals and hospices in southern Italy under the governance of the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem, as they were located at port cities from which pilgrims traveled to the Holy Land. 2441: 4034: 2688:). From Germany, this Protestant branch has spread by membership into other countries in Europe (including Belgium, Hungary, Poland, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, France, Austria, the United Kingdom, and Italy), North America (the United States, Canada, and Mexico), South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Chile), Africa (Namibia, South Africa), Asia, and Australia. 1130:, who succeeded Gerard as master of the hospital in 1120, is credited with establishing the military element of the Order. Raymond decided some time before 1136 that Hospitallers could fight to defend the kingdom or to besiege a pagan city. The Knights Hospitaller, like the other military orders, organized its fighting members into the ranks of 2621: 1004:

of a wealthy Amalfian named Mauro of Pantaleone. In the early 1070s the hospital was visited by Archbishop John of Amalfi during his pilgrimage. In later centuries, to help raise money in Europe, the Order of St John made claims that the hospital had been founded more than a century before Christ by the high priest

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cared for pilgrims as well as others (including Muslims and Jews) in Jerusalem, but the order soon extended to provide pilgrims with an armed escort before eventually becoming a significant military force. Thus, the Order of St. John imperceptibly became militaristic without losing its charitable character.

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The large passage fees collected by the American Association of SMOM in the early 1950s may well have tempted Charles Pichel to create his own "Sovereign Order of St John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller" in 1956. Pichel avoided the problems of being an imitation of SMOM by giving his organization a

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With the knights' exploits growing in fame and wealth, the European states became more complacent about the Order, and more unwilling to grant money to an institution that was perceived to be earning a healthy sum on the high seas. Thus, a vicious cycle occurred, increasing the raids and reducing the

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may have been the last action in history in which a force of knights won a decisive victory against a numerically superior force that made use of firearms. When the Ottomans departed, the Hospitallers had but 600 men able to bear arms. The most reliable estimate puts the number of the Ottoman army at

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Knights were part of the Order of Saint John as brothers by the 1140s, but sergeants were not brothers initially, being hired as mercenaries by the Order to defend pilgrims. Sergeants were not codified as brothers of the Order until the statues of 1204, which listed both knight brothers and sergeant

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of the hospital, whose main duty was to prepare the order for war. This included the procurement of armour, weapons, mounts with all the required equine equipment, and artillery with all it entails (ordnance, powder, ammunitions). The Marshal could on occasion be given command by the Grand Master or

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becoming Grand Master. The British resented this decision as it could have given Russia access to the Mediterranean through a claim over Malta. Britain said that the decision of the Pope was not official. The Holy See later retracted its decision stating a number of conflicts with Tsar Paul I, since

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were initially apprehensive about the order's presence and viewed them as arrogant intruders; they were especially loathed for taking advantage of local women. Most knights were French and excluded Maltese from serving in the order, even being generally dismissive of local nobility. However, the two

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was founded around 1119-1120 and it is likely that the Hospitallers were inspired by them to have their own knights. A charter made for a gift to the Hospital of St John in a Christian army on 17 January 1126 recorded that a brother from the Order was present as a witness and that he held a military

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and by then was subordinated to the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Around this time the Hospital of St John became connected with that Church, and documents often referred to "the Holy Sepulchre and the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem." Initially, the Hospitallers

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The Canadian historian Christopher McCreery commented in 2008: "there are only five legitimate and mutually recognized Orders of St. John that continue to carry on the historic work of the Knights Hospitaller. These are the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes

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has a permanent presence in 120 countries, with 12 Grand Priories and Sub-Priories and 48 national Associations, as well as numerous hospitals, medical centres, daycare centres, first aid corps, and specialist foundations, which operate in 120 countries. Its 13,500 members and 95,000 volunteers and

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and the Order's recognition among the Russian Imperial Orders. The refugee knights in Saint Petersburg proceeded to elect Tsar Paul as their Grand Master – a rival to Grand Master von Hompesch until the latter's abdication left Paul as the sole Grand Master. Grand Master Paul I created, in addition

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V. Tithes of every description, as well as the dues which have been substituted for them, under whatever denomination they are known or collected (even when compounded for), possessed by secular or regular congregations, by holders of benefices, members of corporations (including the Order of Malta

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in the Mediterranean was to be the knights' downfall in this particular period of their existence as they transformed from serving as the military outpost of a united Christendom to becoming another nation-state in a commercially oriented continent soon to be overtaken by the trading nations of the

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was their insistence on their policy of 'vista'. This enabled the Order to stop and board all shipping suspected of carrying Turkish goods and confiscate the cargo to be re-sold at Valletta, along with the ship's crew, who were by far the most valuable commodity on the ship. Naturally, many nations

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The moral decline that the knights underwent over the course of this period is best highlighted by the decision of many knights to serve in foreign navies and become "the mercenary sea-dogs of the 14th to 17th centuries", with the French Navy proving the most popular destination. This decision went

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and took in Christian pilgrims travelling to visit the Christian holy sites. The increase in the number of pilgrims led the Benedictine monks to establish two hospitals in the late 1060s, one for men and one for women, with the former known as the Hospital of St John. They did this with the support

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The Order maintains diplomatic relations with 112 countries, official relations with 6 others and with the European Union, permanent observer missions to the United Nations and its specialised agencies, and delegations or representations to many other international organizations. It issues its own

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mentioned that the Hospitallers had "servants" to protect pilgrims. An account from a Hospitaller priest in 16th century stated that as the Order of St John became more wealthy it hired knights to defend its hospitals and pilgrims, and these knights eventually became Hospitallers themselves. It is

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It is possible that the Hospital of St John hired knights or foot soldiers after the First Crusade to provide security, before it formally established its own military organization. Knights in western Europe left their horses and weapons to the Hospitallers in their wills in the 1120s, and in the

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In 1834, the order settled in Rome. Hospital work, the original work of the order, became once again its main concern. The Order's hospital and welfare activities, undertaken on a considerable scale in World War I, were greatly intensified and expanded in World War II under the Grand Master Fra'

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Inflated with wealth, laden with privileges which gave them almost sovereign powers ... the order at last became so demoralised by luxury and idleness that it forgot the aim for which it was founded, and gave itself up for the love of gain and thirst for pleasure. Its covetousness and pride soon

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By the early 19th century, the order had been severely weakened by the loss of its priories throughout Europe. Only 10% of the order's income came from traditional sources in Europe, with the remaining 90% being generated by the Russian Grand Priory until 1810. This was partly reflected in the

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that his ships be allowed to enter the port and to take on water and supplies. The Grand Master replied that only two foreign ships could be allowed to enter the port at a time. Bonaparte, aware that such a procedure would take a very long time and would leave his forces vulnerable to Admiral

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Maltese authorities did not mention the fact that they were making a substantial profit policing the seas and seizing infidel ships and cargoes. The authorities on Malta immediately recognised the importance of corsairing to their economy and set about encouraging it, as despite their vows of

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and the lack of stability from the Roman Catholic Church. All this affected the knights strongly as the 16th and 17th centuries saw a gradual decline in the religious attitudes of many of the Christian peoples of Europe (and, concomitantly, the importance of a religious army), and thus in the

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On 1 September they made their last effort, but the morale of the Ottoman troops had deteriorated seriously and the attack was feeble, to the great encouragement of the besieged, who now began to see hopes of deliverance. The perplexed and indecisive Ottomans heard of the arrival of Sicilian

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were so obscurely worded as to put on his own shoulders the burden of the decision whether to help the Order at the expense of his own defences. A wrong decision could mean defeat and exposing Sicily and Naples to the Ottomans. He had left his own son with La Valette, so he could hardly be

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At first the battle went as badly for the Hospitallers as Rhodes had: most of the cities were destroyed and about half the knights killed. On 18 August, the position of the besieged was becoming desperate: dwindling daily in numbers, they were becoming too feeble to hold the long line of

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in 1099, the Hospital of St John was already well known among pilgrims and was regarded as a separate organization from the monastery of St Mary. The monastic brothers at the hospital saw it as their duty to provide the best possible treatment to the poor. They were given an endowment by

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Napoleon opened negotiations with the fortress capital of Valletta. Faced with vastly superior French forces and the loss of western Malta, the Grand Master negotiated a surrender to the invasion. Hompesch left Malta for Trieste on 18 June. He resigned as Grand Master on 6 July 1799.

4870: 1970:, who were unhappy to see the order resettled. In 1565 Suleiman sent an invasion force of about 40,000 men to besiege the 700 knights and 8,000 soldiers and expel them from Malta and gain a new base from which to possibly launch another assault on Europe. This is known as the 2107:. Revenues subsequently dwindled as European sponsors were no longer willing to support a costly and seemingly redundant organization. The knights were forced to make do with their maritime location and turn to combating the increased threat of piracy, particularly from the 1201:. According to one estimate the Hospitallers had 25 castles as of 1180. In addition to defending them, the Hospitallers also undertook construction projects to build new castles or repair and expand existing ones, with an example of the latter being Krak des Chevaliers. 2008:

On 23 August came yet another grand assault, the last serious effort, as it proved, of the besiegers. It was thrown back with the greatest difficulty, even the wounded taking part in the defence. The plight of the Turkish forces was now desperate. With the exception of

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The commanderies of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg in the Netherlands (which originated in the Middle Ages) and Sweden became independent of the Bailiwick after the Second World War and now are independent orders under the protection of their respective monarchs; King

2847:" until successfully prosecuted for fraud. Another fraud claimed to be the Grand Prior of the Holy Trinity of Villeneuve, but gave up after a police visit, although the organisation resurfaced in Malta in 1975, and then by 1978 in the US, where it still continues. 2207:

grants received from the nation-states of Christendom to such an extent that the balance of payments on the island had become dependent on conquest. The European powers lost interest in the knights as they focused their intentions largely on one another during the

2858:. Another self-styled Order, based in the US, gained a substantial following under the leadership of the late Robert Formhals, who for some years, and with the support of historical organisations such as The Augustan Society, claimed to be a Polish prince of the 2005:

indifferent to the fate of the fortress. Whatever may have been the cause of his delay, the Viceroy hesitated until the battle had almost been decided by the unaided efforts of the knights, before being forced to move by the indignation of his own officers.

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to the Roman Catholic Grand Priory, a "Russian Grand Priory" of no fewer than 118 Commanderies, dwarfing the rest of the Order and open to all Christians. Paul's election as Grand Master was never ratified under Roman Catholic canon law, and he was the

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could accommodate 500 patients and was famous as one of the finest in the world. In the vanguard of medicine, the Hospital of Malta included Schools of Anatomy, Surgery and Pharmacy. Valletta itself was renowned as a centre of art and culture. The

2719:, founded in 1961 by the Order of Saint John of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg. (As well as originating with the mediaeval Knights Hospitaller, these three orders meet the traditional conditions for dynastic orders of chivalry under the legitimate 1786:

was founded seven years later, followed, in 1786, by a School of Mathematics and Nautical Sciences. Despite these developments, some of the Maltese grew to resent the Order, which they viewed as a privileged class. This even included some of the

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wanted to withdraw, but Raymond du Puy convinced him to continue, and the fort surrendered to the Crusaders on 22 August 1153. It is not clear if the role of the Hospitallers was only advisory or if they were involved in the fighting at Ascalon.

2407:, immediately ordered a cannon fusillade against Malta. The French soldiers disembarked in Malta at seven points on the morning of 11 June and attacked. After several hours of fierce fighting, the Maltese in the west were forced to surrender. 2495:

food. It also served as an orphanage, with these children often becoming Hospitallers when adults. The remaining vaulted area was discovered during excavations for a restaurant, and the preserved building will be incorporated in the project.

4862: 1258:(1243–1254) approved a standard military dress for the Hospitallers to be worn during battle. Instead of a closed cape over their armour (which restricted their movements), they wore a red surcoat with a white cross emblazoned on it. 4840: 809:

The Order of Saint John was militarized in the 1120s and 1130s, hiring knights that later became Hospitallers. The organization became a military religious order under its own papal charter, charged with the care and defence of the

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Knights' regular tributes from European nations. That the knights, a chiefly Roman Catholic military order, pursued the readmittance of England as one of its member states – the Order there had been suppressed under King

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and Mustafa Pasha, were careless. They had a huge fleet which they used with effect on only one occasion. They neglected their communications with the African coast and made no attempt to watch and intercept Sicilian

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Italy provides us with nothing much; Bohemia and Germany hardly anything, and England and the Netherlands for a long time now nothing at all. We only have something to keep us going, Sire, in your own Kingdom and in

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and had been visited by Christ and the Apostles. A historian of the Order in the 13th century wrote that this version was not true. In any case, the Hospitallers rose to fame and prestige in a short amount of time.

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In 1831, a British order was recreated by European aristocrats claiming (possibly without authority) to be acting on behalf of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. This order in time became known as the

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Yet the Order soon struggled on a now reduced income. By policing the Mediterranean, they augmented the assumed responsibility of the traditional protectors of the Mediterranean, the naval city states of

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and other religious and military orders), as well as those devoted to the maintenance of churches, those impropriated to lay persons and those substituted for the portion congrue, are abolished ...

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than they had in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In the next several decades after 1136 the Order was granted more castles and towns by nobles that needed assistance in defending them, especially in the

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operating out of North Africa. Boosted by an air of invincibility following the successful defence of their island in 1565, and compounded by the Christian victory over the Ottoman fleet in the

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known that secular knights and soldiers were hired by institutions in Jerusalem to provide protection after 1099, including churches, and some of them later joined military orders. The Order of

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With their diminished strength and relocation to Malta in the central Mediterranean, the knights found themselves devoid of their founding mission: assisting and joining the crusades in the

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The knights would stay in Malta for the next 268 years, transforming what they called "merely a rock of soft sandstone" into a flourishing island with mighty defences, whose capital city,

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among themselves). The knights also constructed fortresses, watch towers, and naturally, churches. Its acquisition of Malta signalled the beginning of the Order's renewed naval activity.

7180: 2701: 2523: 1146:, a plain silver cross in a field of red, to differentiate them from the Templars. The other symbol of the Hospitallers, the "eight-pointed cross," is said to have originated in the 2809:

since the late 19th century. In contrast with the orders originating with the medieval Knights Hospitaller, the British organisation no longer limits its membership to Christians.

2564:

The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, better known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), is a Roman Catholic lay

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became boundless. The Knights pretended that they were above the reach of crowned heads: they seized and pillaged without concern of the property of both infidels and Christians."

1743:

Hospitals were among the first projects to be undertaken in Malta, where French soon supplanted Italian as the official language (though the native inhabitants continued to speak

1053:, placing it under his protection and exempting it from paying tithes on its land, on 19 June 1112. The monastic Hospitaller Order was formally created when the Pope issued the 7194: 7450: 7396: 7302: 80: 2823:

Several other organizations claim with their own sources to have evolved from the Knights Hospitaller, but all are subject to international dispute and lack recognition. The

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relations between the descendant chivalric orders are amicable. The order was suppressed in England, Denmark, and other parts of northern Europe, and was further damaged by

2883:, who after 1304 came from the Grand Priory of St Gilles and who took the place of the Grand Master in case of his absence or death. The third-highest rank was that of the 2608:

The Sovereign Military Order of Malta established a mission in Malta, after signing an agreement with the Maltese Government which granted the Order the exclusive use of

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The knights were dispersed, though the order continued to exist in a diminished form and negotiated with European governments for a return to power. The Russian Emperor,

8140: 7172: 3529: 7287: 8248: 5087: 4126: 3641: 2974: 2063:, London. After the siege a new city had to be built: the present capital city of Malta, named Valletta in memory of the Grand Master who had withstood the siege. 1521: 4810: 2281:

in 1577, then more broadly Evangelical, but continued to pay its financial contribution to the Order until 1812, when the Protector of the Order in Prussia, King

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and freeing the captured Christian slaves who formed the basis of the Barbary corsairs' piratical trading and navies. This campaign became known as the "corso".

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in Latin), which they most likely used since the creation of the Hospital of Saint John in the late 11th century. They also were referred to as Hospitallers (

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in Italy, and it was later used in Jerusalem by the monks that founded the Hospital of St John. After the Hospitallers moved to Malta, it became known as the

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In 1604, each Langue was given a chapel in the conventual church of Saint John and the arms of the Langue appear in the decoration on the walls and ceiling:

7373: 1802:(1530–1571) and then Valletta (from 1571). The auberges in Birgu remain, mostly undistinguished 16th-century buildings. Valletta still has the auberges of 1778:

In Europe, most of the Order's hospitals and chapels survived the Reformation, though not in Protestant or Evangelical countries. In Malta, meanwhile, the

7863: 4960: 3022: 4595: 2211:. In February 1641 a letter was sent from an unknown dignitary in the Maltese capital of Valletta to the knights' most trustworthy ally and benefactor, 947: 8067: 7456: 3726: 1265:, the Hospitallers held seven great forts and 140 other estates in the area. The two largest of these, their bases of power in the Kingdom and in the 4780: 2716: 2577: 2515: 7245: 4619:

The Maple Leaf and the White Cross: A History of St. John Ambulance and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Canada

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bull that turned over much of their property to the Hospitallers. At Rhodes, and later Malta, the resident knights of each langue were headed by a

914: 621: 7704: 7165: 6362: 3585: 2839:, and taking advantage of the lack of State Orders in the Italian Republic, an Italian called himself a Polish Prince and did a brisk trade in 2724: 2673: 2639: 2628: 2519: 2176: 889: 858: 2483:

The 150,000 square feet (14,000 m) Hospital of Saint John, built between 1099 and 1291, was rediscovered in the Christian Quarter of the

2229:, which was the prize money and cargo gained from a captured ship, along with the ability to fit out their own galleys with their new wealth. 5455: 1261:

Many of the more substantial Christian fortifications in the Holy Land were built by the Templars and the Hospitallers. At the height of the

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in 1798. In the aftermath of 1798, several Protestant orders were split off, with the remaining Catholic order being re-established, as the

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in 1639, he was a prominent Knight of St. John and dressed his retinue with the emblems of the Order. In 1651, the knights bought from the

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and the world's oldest surviving order of chivalry. Its sovereign status is recognised by membership in numerous international bodies and

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restored a Grand Master to the order. This signalled the renewal of the order's fortunes as a humanitarian and religious organization.

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its height at some 40,000 men, of whom 15,000 eventually returned to Constantinople. The siege is portrayed vividly in the frescoes of

2806: 2126: 5677: 2569: 7347: 4568: 4156: 2911:, in charge of uniforms; and the treasurer, responsible for finance. Later, from the 13th century, there were also the positions of 7988: 7689: 5986: 2612:

for a term of 99 years. Today, after restoration, the Fort hosts historical and cultural activities related to the Order of Malta.

2328: 2316: 2074:), even though the Order's territory was always south of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1630, he was awarded ecclesiastic equality with 1247:(1187) deal only with the service of the sick; the first mention of military service is in the statutes of the ninth grand master, 458: 7445: 7273: 7255: 1286: 1143: 854: 7250: 3262: 8243: 7356: 1823: 893: 3970: 3520: 1754:, was begun in 1566, soon becoming the home port of one of the Mediterranean's most powerful navies. Valletta was designed by 7684: 7260: 5587: 5568: 5505: 5371: 5330: 5311: 5285: 5266: 5247: 5228: 5197: 4993: 4677: 4626: 4246: 4202:

Hoppen, Alison (April 1973). "The Finances of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries".

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reinforcements in Mellieħa Bay. Unaware that the force was very small, they broke off the siege and left on 8 September. The

992: 4720: 4693: 4079: 3874: 8238: 4893:"Historical Legacy, Migration and Fort St. Angelo discussed during the Grand Master's State Visit to the Republic of Malta" 3852: 2580:, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta is the most senior since it possesses the ability to trace its history and line of 885: 31: 5060: 2171:

of England aptly demonstrates the new religious tolerance within the Order. For a time, the Order even possessed a German

1725:

groups coexisted peacefully, since the Knights boosted the economy, were charitable, and protected against Muslim attacks.

7922: 5716: 5640: 2693: 2685: 2491:. It had been able to accommodate up to 2,000 patients, who came from all religious groups, and Jewish patients received 2404: 2308: 2048: 1614: 1602: 652: 5849: 4417: 3818: 7902: 7641: 6089: 5941: 5631: 4545: 2770: 2740: 2550: 2254: 1560: 725: 131: 5381:

Lindgren, Carl Edwin (September–October 1999). "Some Notes About the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in the U.S.A".

8168: 7748: 7694: 7534: 7494: 7475: 7440: 7189: 5549: 5527: 5483: 5431: 5406: 5349: 5175: 3073: 2992: 2728: 2624: 2601: 2543: 2511: 2457: 2399: 1846: 1705: 881: 6897: 5645: 5454: 5342:

The Legitimacy of Orders of St. John: a historical and legal analysis and case study of a para-religious phenomenon

4985:

The Legitimacy of Orders of St. John: A Historical and Legal Analysis and Case Study of a Para-religious Phenomenon

4646: 4054: 838:. The Hospitallers were one of the smallest groups to have colonized parts of the Americas, briefly acquiring four 762:

that sought to strengthen religious devotion and charity for the poor. Earlier in the 11th century, merchants from

565: 560: 539: 5617: 2903:, who managed the administration and provisions; the hospitaller, who managed the main hospital of the Order; the 2556: 1818:(former Palazzo Carnerio, purchased in 1784 for the newly formed Langue, now occupied by the Lands Authority) and 1728: 7753: 7622: 7366: 5061:"Some External Insignia of Office for Dignitaries of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, Cyprus, Rhodes and Malta" 2979: 2920: 2286: 2098: 2071: 1700: 4833:"The Order of Malta clarifies press reported figure on passports issued: currently 500 passports in circulation" 8090: 7337: 5890: 4863:"Agreement between the Government of Malta and the Government of the Sovereign Hospitalier Order of Saint John" 2754: 2164: 1479: 388: 4952: 4750: 3672: 3171: 2971:, the first female pharmacist of the Knights Hospitaller, and the first female pharmacist and chemist in Malta 2715:

All three Protestant orders, the German, Dutch, and Swedish, are in formalised co-operation as members of the

7729: 5824: 5670: 5153: 4802: 2798: 2643: 2527: 2465:

government of the Order being under Lieutenants, rather than Grand Masters, in the period 1805 to 1879, when

2192: 1768: 1684: 1668: 1646: 897: 857:

in northern Germany and the Netherlands became Protestant and largely separated from the Catholic main stem,

593: 299: 288: 5911: 1041:, formally recognized it as a separate entity from the monastery when he reformed the Catholic hierarchy in 8233: 7679: 7674: 7282: 5979: 4930: 3734: 2762: 2647: 2488: 2030: 1430: 1361: 1198: 1034: 988: 919: 523: 408: 38: 7036: 6070: 6030: 5240:

Empires of the Sea: The Siege of Malta, the Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for the Center of the World

4772: 2480:

to the Order. The offer was rejected since it would have meant the Order renouncing their claim to Malta.

1671:

and King of Spain and Sicily, to provide the knights permanent quarters: In exchange for providing Malta,

7983: 7499: 7095: 7016: 6050: 5872: 5745: 1696: 1248: 555: 360: 248: 17: 1308:

in England were built on land donated to the order by local nobility. An Irish house was established at

7763: 7743: 7571: 5221:

The Central Convent of Hospitallers and Templars: History, Organization, and Personnel (1099/1120-1310)

3123: 2705: 2661: 2514:, based in Rome and recognized by over 100 countries worldwide, as well as the chivalric orders in the 1556: 1532: 1328: 790:, a lay brother of the Benedictine order, became its head when it was established. After the Christian 452: 3906:

Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart

3195:

Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape and Art in the Holy City under Frankish Rule

2727:

as of 2016.) The Protestant orders remain independent of, though cooperative with, the Roman Catholic

1570:, also known as Ottoman corsairs. They withstood two invasions by ascendant Muslim forces, one by the 305: 8075: 7545: 2709: 2506:

Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem § The mutually-recognised Orders of Saint John

2359:

The French Revolutionary Government seized the assets and properties of the Order in France in 1792.

2340: 1779: 1452: 1406: 1058: 925: 799: 791: 479: 322: 317: 266: 8145: 8057: 7858: 7758: 7277: 6847: 6191: 5998: 5809: 5663: 5646:"Vatican celebrates Knights of Malta's 900 years" by Nicole Winfield, Associated Press, Feb 9, 2013 5071: 4043:

Cohen, Reuben (15 April 2004) . Julie Barkley, Bill Hershey and PG Distributed Proofreaders (ed.).

3069: 3002: 2274: 1598: 1460: 1213: 870: 598: 570: 393: 237: 4523: 8120: 8115: 7738: 7559: 7528: 7520: 6266: 5972: 5789: 5723: 5695: 5030: 2055:, painted in oils by Perez d'Aleccio between 1576 and 1581, can be found in the Cube Room of the 1994: 1907: 1486:

surrendered to the knights. They also gained control of a number of neighbouring islands and the

1344: 1266: 1190: 1000: 759: 648: 489: 484: 424: 419: 403: 339: 271: 7362: 7071: 6956: 6941: 6916: 6906: 6891: 6881: 6841: 6831: 5423: 5417: 3420: 1531:, were forced to become a more militarized force. In 1334, they fought an attempted invasion by 1232:, pledged his protection to the Knights of St. John in a charter of privileges granted in 1185. 8108: 8103: 8098: 7785: 7591: 7332: 7115: 5814: 5794: 5782: 5520:

A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187

5450: 2904: 2335:

as his personal estate and deeded it to the Knights of St. John. In 1665, the order sold their

2075: 1933: 1609:

lasted six months, after which the defeated surviving Hospitallers were allowed to withdraw to

1606: 1583: 1468: 1378: 1301: 1009: 1005: 996: 850: 550: 468: 463: 447: 398: 378: 277: 6126: 4307:

Bamford, Paul Walden (Autumn 1964). "The Knights of Malta and the King of France, 1665–1700".

3763: 3757: 3695: 1181:

and Jerusalem. Later in the century, the Hospitallers were given control over more castles in

7799: 5901: 5896: 4448: 4110: 3625: 3325: 3313: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the 3027: 2758: 2510:

The entities generally considered to maintain historical continuity with the Knights are the

2484: 2320: 2297: 2282: 1877: 1827: 1422: 959: 366: 355: 283: 185: 7808: 5623: 4376: 1962:. The Hospitallers also continued their maritime actions against Muslims and especially the 1815: 1320: 8125: 8085: 7231: 7065: 6729: 6717: 6700: 6688: 6651: 6634: 6618: 6591: 6564: 6534: 6512: 6490: 6463: 6421: 6409: 6367: 6355: 6333: 6318: 6296: 6239: 6197: 6180: 6163: 6136: 6114: 5711: 5493: 4037:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the

2786: 2665: 2293:

to its continuing place as the chief non-Roman Catholic branch of the Knights Hospitaller.

2208: 2083: 2039: 1971: 1862: 1601:

deployed as many as 100,000 men to the island, and possibly up 200,000. Under Grand Master

1579: 1475: 1402: 1366: 1262: 1225: 1074: 876:

Today several organizations continue the Hospitaller tradition under the federation of the

819: 815: 732: 575: 506: 383: 350: 311: 2629:

Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John of the hospital at Jerusalem

2520:

Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John of the hospital at Jerusalem

2017:, a corsair and admiral of the Ottoman fleet, was a serious blow. The Turkish commanders, 70: 8: 8189: 8175: 7978: 7948: 7832: 7827: 7813: 7794: 6153: 5906: 5537: 4576: 2899:, who was the Order's second-in-command; the marshal, in charge of military affairs; the 2212: 2155: 1819: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1783: 1755: 1732: 1658: 1270: 1209: 1194: 1114: 1030: 977: 954:

enlarged Probus' hospital and added a library to it. About 200 years later, in 1009, the

435: 327: 5921: 4517: 4148: 2324: 8212: 7850: 7549: 7485: 7139: 6962: 6887: 5946: 5842: 5829: 5804: 5733: 5394: 4324: 4284: 4219: 3579: 3017: 2943:

brothers. The statues formally acknowledged developments that had already taken place.

2859: 2684:("Lord of the Knights") almost always a scion of the House of Hohenzollern (currently, 2001: 1940: 1923: 1540: 1448: 1356: 1332: 1293: 1235: 1229: 1042: 1038: 740: 533: 5070:(Third series, Volume IV, Part 1, Number 215 in the original series started in 1952). 2664:) declared their continued adherence to the Order of Saint John even as their knights 2285:, turned it into an order of merit; in 1852, his son and successor as Protector, King 2269:

Even as it survived in Malta, the Order lost many of its European holdings during the

2119:

in 1571, the knights set about protecting Christian merchant shipping to and from the

1597:

In 1522, an entirely new sort of force arrived: 400 ships under the command of Sultan

8130: 7818: 7666: 7581: 7510: 7215: 7207: 7091: 7075: 6972: 6804: 6784: 6378: 6291: 6223: 5750: 5740: 5593: 5583: 5564: 5545: 5523: 5501: 5479: 5427: 5402: 5367: 5345: 5326: 5307: 5281: 5262: 5243: 5224: 5193: 5171: 5165: 5079: 4989: 4673: 4622: 4450:

Les grandes compagnies de commerce: étude pour servir à l'histoire de la colonisation

4288: 4242: 4223: 4116: 4050: 3949: 3924: 3796: 3767: 3631: 3604: 3270: 3198: 2855: 2818: 2794: 2697: 2677: 2453: 2301: 2116: 1831: 1806:(1574; renovated 1741 by Grand Master de Vilhena, now the Prime Minister's offices), 1788: 1688: 1654: 1617:

as extremely valiant, and the Grand Master was proclaimed a Defender of the Faith by

1456: 1418: 1410: 1324: 1297: 1292:

As early as the late 12th century, the order had begun to achieve recognition in the

1186: 1162: 973: 843: 835: 744: 735:

in the 12th century and had headquarters there until 1291, thereafter being based in

656: 587: 517: 473: 413: 333: 254: 8135: 3284: 1762:. The city was completed in 1571. The island's hospitals were expanded as well. The 544: 7998: 7907: 7656: 7081: 6996: 6986: 6982: 6976: 6966: 6921: 6871: 6861: 6851: 6808: 6798: 6788: 6778: 6768: 6667: 6597: 6580: 6548: 6518: 6373: 6307: 6285: 6270: 6260: 6245: 6169: 6142: 6098: 5859: 5728: 5299: 4513: 4384: 4316: 4276: 4211: 3978: 3792: 3118: 2419: 2415: 2258: 2056: 1955: 1897: 1866: 1850: 1763: 1744: 1664: 1517: 1444: 1255: 1244: 1205: 1147: 1139: 1091: 942:

Abbot Probus, who was previously Gregory's emissary at the Lombard court, to build

775: 748: 686: 500: 494: 429: 260: 242: 190: 75: 7121: 6745: 6496: 6469: 6393: 6147: 6120: 6010: 4697: 3572:

Cartulaire general de l'ordre des hospitaliers de St Jean de Jerusalem (1100–1310)

2620: 1312:, near Dublin, and the Irish Prior was usually a key figure in Irish public life. 8080: 8047: 7596: 7575: 7539: 7204: 7105: 6641: 6485: 5799: 5686: 5635: 5515: 5419:

The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church

5185: 4712: 4087: 3882: 3044: 2968: 2720: 2609: 2565: 2372: 2112: 2047:

in the Hall of St. Michael and St. George, also known as the Throne Room, in the

2010: 1987: 1963: 1887: 1759: 1571: 1567: 1544: 1503: 1436: 1221: 1151: 1096: 1046: 1013: 803: 763: 729: 722: 581: 441: 372: 293: 5916: 5832: 3844: 2723:

of each nation, and thus enjoy recognition by the privately operated and funded

2044: 1385: 1343:, today part of Romania, and back then bordered across the Danube by a powerful 1169:

to defend the kingdom's southern border from attacks by the Fatimid garrison at

8052: 8032: 8022: 7651: 7646: 7586: 7125: 6736: 6576: 6345: 6251: 5883: 5878: 5359: 5207: 5145: 4280: 4215: 4000: 3114: 3049: 3007: 2782: 2778: 2576:

and others. Of all the orders affiliated with Saint John, i.e., members of the

2573: 2262: 2108: 1967: 1951: 1721: 1691:

to the king's representative, the Viceroy of Sicily. In 1548, Charles V raised

1676: 1642: 1618: 1575: 1499: 1483: 1182: 1127: 1118: 1078: 1063: 935: 831: 787: 755: 736: 672: 636: 626: 528: 512: 111: 5760: 5597: 2331:

was eclipsed with De Poincy's death in 1660. He had also bought the island of

1857: 1535:

and his Turkish auxiliaries, and in 1374 they took over the defence of nearby

1524:, who acquired the estates allocated to the English langue from 1330 to 1358. 1429:, then part of the Byzantine Empire. He also reorganised the order into eight 8227: 8042: 8037: 8027: 8017: 7912: 7874: 7611: 7601: 7480: 7416: 7401: 7391: 6932: 6877: 6857: 6764: 6214: 5864: 5460: 5161: 5083: 4425: 4038: 3810: 3314: 2840: 2790: 2774: 2749:, almost all the property of the Knights Hospitaller was confiscated by King 2669: 2593: 2466: 2384: 2131: 1589: 1552: 1491: 1370: 1155: 1108: 1025: 1017: 795: 344: 151: 84: 7616: 6927: 5628: 4537: 4388: 4377:"Beyond the Northern Invasion: The Mediterranean in the Seventeenth Century" 2000:

The Viceroy of Sicily had not sent help; possibly the Viceroy's orders from

1605:, the knights, though well-fortified, only had about 7,000 men-at-arms. The 1435:, or "tongues", corresponding to a geographic or ethno-linquistic area: the 1173:, and allowed the Hospitallers to manage one of them in 1136, the castle of 7892: 6947: 6774: 6625: 6608: 5777: 5769: 5469:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–19. 5445:. Translated from the French by Edward Hyams. London: Secker & Warburg. 2915:, who was in charge of local auxiliary forces known as turcopoles, and the 2836: 2657: 1917: 1837: 1495: 1478:, executed the plan to take Rhodes, and on 15 August 1310, after more than 1414: 1336: 950:

to treat and care for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 800, Emperor

827: 138: 4267:

Allen, D.F. (April 2016). "Charles II, Louis XIV and the Order of Malta".

1421:. Finding themselves becoming enmeshed in Cypriot politics, their Master, 7958: 7606: 7319: 7211: 6658: 6603: 6475: 6328: 6229: 4044: 2828: 2653: 2332: 2312: 2304: 2273:. The property of the English branch was confiscated in 1540. The German 2270: 2168: 2151: 2018: 1692: 1629: 1512: 1174: 951: 823: 7101: 6672: 6570: 6437: 6383: 6339: 6322: 6312: 6280: 6203: 4642: 2066:

In 1607, the Grand Master of the Hospitallers was granted the status of

1683:, Charles V would receive an annual fee of a single Maltese falcon (the 1613:. Despite the defeat, both Christians and Muslims seem to have regarded 1204:

One of the first battles that the Knights Hospitaller fought in was the

962:

destroyed the hospital and three thousand other buildings in Jerusalem.

6724: 6453: 5295: 4476:

Robinson, J.H., ed. (1906). "The Decree Abolishing the Feudal System".

2750: 2371:

Re-enactment of 16th-century military drills conducted by the Knights.

2225:

poverty, the Knights were granted the ability to keep a portion of the

2160: 1966:. Although they had only a few ships, they quickly drew the ire of the 1950:

The Order may have played a direct part in supporting the Malta native

1772: 1507: 1471:

or, if there was more than one priory in the langue, by a Grand Prior.

1309: 1305: 1054: 862: 779: 4328: 2895:, and its senior officials included, along with the Grand Master, the 2805:. The Most Venerable Order of Saint John has maintained a presence in 1208:

in 1153. After a group of Knights Templar, led by their Grand Master,

754:

The Hospitallers arose in the early 12th century at the height of the

7936: 7884: 7269: 7219: 6902: 6707: 6502: 6350: 6187: 5456:"St John of Jerusalem, Knights of the Order of the Hospital of" 2912: 2900: 2896: 2802: 2347: 2336: 2243: 2238: 2150:

The Knights' changing attitudes were coupled with the effects of the

2104: 2060: 1739:, an example of 18th-century Baroque architecture built by the Order. 1593:

Rhodes and other possessions of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John.

1340: 1282: 1067: 839: 811: 783: 771: 146: 7343: 5629:

Knights Hospitaller of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in Scotland

1177:. This castle also allowed them to defend the pilgrim route between 1073:

Gerard acquired territory and revenues for his order throughout the

8207: 8009: 7869: 7777: 7134: 6695: 6586: 6303: 5995: 5951: 5703: 4742: 4320: 3664: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3159: 3012: 2445: 2388: 2376: 2278: 1959: 1736: 1713: 1584:

capturing Constantinople and defeating the Byzantine Empire in 1453

1487: 1464: 1440: 1425:, created a plan of acquiring their own temporal domain, selecting 1393: 1278: 1135: 1082: 1050: 965: 943: 866: 778:

where Benedictine monks cared for sick, poor, or injured Christian

767: 232: 161: 128: 115: 88: 7352: 5655: 4982:

Dijkhof, Hans J. Hoegen; Dijkhof, Hendrik Johannes Hoegen (2006).

4344:

Military and Religious Life in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

1978:

fortifications. But when his council suggested the abandonment of

1551:), the knights reinforced their position with the construction of 7927: 7328: 6912: 6837: 6819: 6794: 6276: 6175: 5964: 2916: 2892: 2844: 2746: 2477: 2433: 2052: 1983: 1680: 1170: 955: 939: 7111: 6388: 5618:

Rare Histoire des Chevaliers de L'Ordre de S. Jean de Hierusalem

5612: 5383:

Nobilita (Rivista di Araldica, Genealogia, Ordini Cavallereschi)

4922: 3488: 3447: 2367: 1842: 8193: 8184: 7953: 7943: 7633: 7566: 7265: 7027: 6756: 6428: 6104: 6081: 6061: 6021: 5075: 4694:"Organisations granted Observer Status in the General Assembly" 3379: 3377: 3375: 2908: 2492: 2473: 2140: 2120: 2014: 1798:(inns) segregated by Langues. This structure was maintained in 1720:, "Most Proud", among the great powers of Europe. However, the 1610: 1548: 1536: 1426: 1274: 1166: 1131: 1033:, the leader of the First Crusade, before he died in 1100. The 969: 5650: 3759:

The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire

3601:

Houses of the National Trust: Outstanding Buildings of Britain

3242: 3240: 3238: 2982:, a leadership member of the French Secretariat of the Knights 2346:

The decree of the French National Assembly in 1789 abolishing

713: 710: 7721: 7007: 6992: 6952: 6678: 6554: 6524: 6443: 6416: 6399: 6209: 6041: 2986: 2532:

Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem

2449: 2440: 2144: 1979: 1799: 1634: 1527:

On Rhodes, the Hospitallers, by then also referred to as the

1224:

became the most formidable military orders in the Holy Land.

1178: 890:

Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John

156: 5150:

A History of the Crusades, Volume I: The First Hundred Years

5122: 5120: 3464: 3435: 3389: 3372: 3360: 3348: 1810:(renovated 1683 by Grand Master Carafa, now an art museum), 1695:, the headquarters of the Hospitallers in Germany, into the 1323:, as shown by a charter of grant issued on 2 June 1247. The 1062:

on 15 February 1113 to the head of the Hospital of St John,

7897: 7465: 6827: 6544: 5928: 5105: 3235: 3211: 1672: 1638: 1049:

when he recognized the abbey of St Mary as a church of the

842:

islands in the mid-17th century, which they turned over to

669:

Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

118: 3709: 3707: 2680:

under the protection of the Federal Republic and with its

1861:

Arms of the Knights Hospitallers, quartered with those of

1212:, entered the besieged fortress and were all killed, King 695: 30:"Order of Saint John" redirects here. For other uses, see 5117: 4667: 3338: 3336: 2907:, who was responsible for the church at the convent; the 2793:. Today, the best-known activities of this order are the 1758:, a military engineer, and his work was then taken up by 822:, the knights operated from Rhodes, over which they were 704: 2975:

List of the priors of Saint John of Jerusalem in England

2660:

of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg (located chiefly in the

2499: 1663:

In 1530, after seven years of displacement from Rhodes,

1566:

In the 15th century, the knights fought frequently with

1547:

in 1402. On the peninsula of Halicarnassus (present-day

3704: 3500: 3476: 3223: 2130:

Hospitaller galleys capturing an Ottoman vessel in the

1830:

was damaged (and later replaced by Law Courts) and the

5624:

Houses of Knights Hospitallers, British History Online

4713:"Knights of Malta Catholic order celebrates 900 years" 4668:

Stair Sainty, Guy; Heydel-Mankoo, Rafal, eds. (2006).

3948:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Arx. pp. 10–11. 3755: 3333: 2891:

The headquarters of the Hospitallers was known as the

2843:

as the Grand Prior of the fictitious "Grand Priory of

2296:

The Knights of Malta had a strong presence within the

1750:

The building and fortification of Valletta, named for

677:

Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani

5323:

In the Name of the Prince: Maltese Corsairs 1760–1798

3908:(7th rev. ed.). Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 264. 3401: 2931:

The earliest title used by Hospitallers was brother (

2734: 2560:

Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

2082:, reflecting both qualities qualifying him as a true 1945:

Austria born by a double-headed eagle displayed sable

1417:

was captured in 1291, the order sought refuge in the

1347:. The Hospitaller hold on the Banate was only brief. 1277:

in Syria. The property of the Order was divided into

873:

in 1798, after which it dispersed throughout Europe.

698: 3697:

Elementary History of the Progress of the Art of War

2537: 2476:

government offered the sovereignty of the island of

1539:

on the Anatolian coast, which had been conquered by

707: 701: 3923:(illustrated ed.). Random House. p. 122. 3023:

Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes

2674:

Order of Saint John of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg

2232:The great controversy that surrounded the knights' 692: 689: 5613:Sovereign Military Order of Malta official website 5498:The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070–1309 4592:"Mideast's Largest Crusader-Era Hospital Unveiled" 4191:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. pp. 97–109. 3068:The order lost all territorial influence with the 886:Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John 826:, and later from Malta, where they administered a 37:"Hospitaller" redirects here. For other uses, see 5344:. Doctoral thesis. Leiden: University of Leiden. 4412: 4410: 4074: 4072: 3838: 3836: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3528:. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. pp. 59–60. 2717:Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem 2516:Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem 1315:The Knights also received the "Land of Severin" ( 8249:Religious organizations established in the 1110s 8225: 5059:Kennedy, John Joseph Fitzpatrick (Spring 2008). 5023:"The Self-Styled Orders of Saint John (Part II)" 3257: 3255: 3040:History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant 2962: 2953:List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller 2854:These organisations have led to scores of other 2797:Brigade in Britain and the Commonwealth and the 2761:, this effectively caused the activities of the 2418:, gave the largest number of knights shelter in 915:History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant 2311:was appointed governor of the French colony on 1845:coin of the Knights Hospitaller, depicting the 1667:– himself a knight – reached an agreement with 1350: 972:in southern Italy were given permission by the 908: 798:, the Hospitallers rose in prominence and were 5339: 5304:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades 5014: 4981: 4407: 4069: 3903: 3867: 3833: 3627:Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary 3556: 2875:The first in the hierarchy of command was the 2725:International Commission on Orders of Chivalry 2640:Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) 2350:in France also abolished the Order in France: 2343:, ending the Order's presence in that region. 2167:– upon the succession of the Protestant queen 1555:, utilizing pieces of the partially destroyed 987:) to build a monastery in Jerusalem, near the 52:Knights Hospitaller of Saint John of Jerusalem 7166: 5980: 5671: 5389:(32). Istituto Araldico Genealogico Italiano. 5294: 5143: 4594:. National Geographic Society. Archived from 4447:Bonnassieux, Louis Jean Pierre Marie (1892). 3603:. London: National Trust Books. p. 325. 3570:le Roulx, Joseph Delaville, ed. (1894–1906). 3569: 3494: 3470: 3458: 3441: 3395: 3252: 2487:. From 2000 to 2013, it was excavated by the 2261:wearing the Crown of the Grand Master of the 1502:dissolved the Hospitallers' rival order, the 820:reconquest of the Holy Land by Islamic forces 5580:Women in the military orders of the crusades 4672:. Wilmington: Burke's Peerage & Gentry. 4610: 4566: 4003:(2000). "Două portrete românești în Malta". 3811:"Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem" 3669:Εκκλησιαστικός Φάρος, Τ. Πβ΄ (2011), 237–247 2946: 2825:Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller 2757:during the Reformation. Though not formally 2424:Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller 2362: 5820:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos 5641:History of the Order of St John in Scotland 5561:Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean 5492: 4446: 3973:[History of the Maltese Language]. 3665:"Diasporic Communities in Rhodes 1350–1450" 3383: 3366: 3354: 3246: 3217: 1239:A Hospitaller depicted in a church painting 1117:, a castle acquired by the Hospitallers in 56: 7173: 7159: 5987: 5973: 5678: 5664: 5440: 4643:"Sovereign Order of Malta – official site" 4569:"From the loss of Malta to the modern era" 4500:Napoleon's Egypt: Invading the Middle East 4302: 4300: 4298: 3749: 3584:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 2987:Fortifications and locales of the Hospital 2600:and even vehicle registration plates. The 2584:directly back to the Knight Hospitallers. 1794:In Rhodes, the knights had been housed in 1520:. The English Grand Prior at the time was 1081:, the original hospice was expanded to an 5522:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5393: 4522:. London: Longman, Brown, Green. p. 4355: 4353: 4346:. New York: Frederick Ungar. p. 188. 4115:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 94. 3713: 3522:The Knights Hospitallers in the Holy Land 3506: 3342: 3229: 2879:, or commander-in-chief, followed by the 2781:in 1888, before expanding throughout the 2089: 1543:; the knights held the city until it was 1373:on their habits. Dedicatory miniature in 1319:), along with the nearby mountains, from 5542:God's War: A New History of the Crusades 5514: 5449: 5380: 5218: 5206: 5126: 5111: 5020: 4616: 4475: 4469: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 3756:Balfour, Baron Kinross, Patrick (1979). 3482: 2619: 2555: 2439: 2366: 2253: 2191: 2125: 2024: 1856: 1836: 1727: 1628: 1588: 1392: 1384: 1360: 1234: 918: 6011:Sorted by modern states, with crusader 5536: 5237: 5184: 5058: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 4975: 4957:St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group 4493: 4491: 4341: 4306: 4295: 3999: 3407: 3318: 3295: 2672:. Continuing to the present day as the 1771:, completed in 1577, contains works by 1045:, and a step towards this was taken by 814:, and fought in the Crusades until the 14: 8226: 5415: 5358: 5275: 5256: 4589: 4512: 4374: 4359: 4350: 4201: 3918: 3875:"History: Knights of Malta to Present" 3693: 3662: 3157: 2702:Order of Saint John in the Netherlands 2615: 1791:, who were not admitted to the Order. 1699:, making the Grand Prior of Germany a 1586:, made the Knights a priority target. 1381:), BNF Lat 6067 fol. 3v, dated 1483/4. 1375:Gestorum Rhodie obsidionis commentarii 894:Order of Saint John in the Netherlands 878:mutually recognized orders of St. John 849:The knights became divided during the 7154: 5968: 5659: 5558: 5320: 5302:(1995). Riley-Smith, Jonathan (ed.). 4747:The Alliance of the Orders of St John 4649:from the original on 20 November 2016 4457:from the original on 27 November 2018 4266: 4255: 4236: 4186: 4171: 4159:from the original on 30 December 2023 4129:from the original on 30 December 2023 4108: 4042: 4015: 3943: 3786: 3675:from the original on 27 November 2022 3644:from the original on 30 December 2023 3598: 3321:Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem 3113:This historical fact was used as the 2812: 2500:Successors of the Knights Hospitaller 2329:The Order's presence in the Caribbean 739:in Cyprus (1302–1310), the island of 27:Catholic military order, 1113–present 5473: 5325:. Malta: Heritage Malta Publishing. 5160: 5093:from the original on 3 November 2021 5045: 4963:from the original on 4 December 2018 4873:from the original on 4 December 2018 4670:World Orders of Knighthood and Merit 4502:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 8–10. 4497: 4488: 4057:from the original on 15 October 2020 4005:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie 3623: 3553:Cartulaire – General, Vol. I, No. 27 3518: 3329:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3192: 2387:stronghold of Malta was captured by 2249: 1409:), the Knights were confined to the 32:Order of Saint John (disambiguation) 7923:Church of Saint Mary of the Germans 5685: 5577: 5306:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5190:Grandes figures de l'Ordre de Malte 4903:from the original on 15 August 2022 4867:Maltese Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4843:from the original on 31 August 2022 4813:from the original on 9 October 2011 4723:from the original on 31 August 2022 4478:Readings in European History 2 Vols 3842: 3423:. Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2694:Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands 2422:, an action which gave rise to the 2309:Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy 1814:(1571, now a government ministry), 1645:to the Order of St John by Emperor 1624: 24: 5994: 5416:Noonan, James-Charles Jr. (1996). 5136: 5002:from the original on 14 April 2017 4933:from the original on 26 April 2021 4590:Mairav, Zonszein (5 August 2013). 4395:from the original on 3 August 2020 3968: 3821:from the original on 30 March 2019 3174:from the original on 26 March 2023 2771:Most Venerable Order of Saint John 2741:Most Venerable Order of Saint John 2735:Most Venerable Order of Saint John 2551:Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere 2319:the islands of Sainte-Christophe, 2029:Ottoman attack on the post of the 1561:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World 1285:, which in turn were divided into 1197:in 1142, which they received from 1024:By the time of the success of the 1016:, and that it was first headed by 1012:of Jerusalem, with financing from 758:, a reformist movement within the 25: 8260: 7190:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 5606: 4953:"History of the Order of St John" 4783:from the original on 25 June 2017 4548:from the original on 4 March 2012 4519:A History of the Knights of Malta 4241:. London: Routledge. p. 17. 3855:from the original on 8 March 2012 3323:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 3263:"History of the Knights of Malta" 3074:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 3033: 2993:List of Knights Hospitaller sites 2729:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2602:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2578:Alliance of the Orders of St John 2544:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2538:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2512:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2458:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2400:Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim 1369:with senior knights, wearing the 1300:. As a result, buildings such as 1077:and beyond. Under his successor, 882:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 604:Other service in European navies. 8206: 8183: 8167: 7942: 7918:Church of Saint John the Baptist 7565: 7533: 7493: 7474: 7361: 7351: 7342: 7327: 7224: 7193: 7182: 7133: 7120: 7110: 7100: 7090: 7080: 7070: 7058: 6995: 6985: 6975: 6965: 6955: 6940: 6920: 6915: 6905: 6890: 6880: 6870: 6860: 6850: 6840: 6830: 6807: 6797: 6787: 6777: 6767: 6744: 6728: 6716: 6699: 6687: 6671: 6666: 6650: 6633: 6617: 6596: 6590: 6579: 6569: 6563: 6547: 6517: 6511: 6495: 6489: 6468: 6462: 6436: 6420: 6408: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6366: 6354: 6338: 6332: 6321: 6311: 6306: 6295: 6284: 6279: 6269: 6259: 6244: 6238: 6222: 6202: 6196: 6179: 6168: 6162: 6146: 6141: 6135: 6119: 6113: 6097: 5759: 5620:Rare Book on Knights of St. John 5582:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 5340:Hoegen Dijkhof, Hans J. (2006). 4696:. United Nations. Archived from 4418:"History of the Order 1066–1999" 4032: 3797:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1114 3535:from the original on 17 May 2023 3308: 2827:was recognized by the Pope with 2765:of the order to come to an end. 2317:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique 2215:, stating the Order's troubles: 2049:Grandmaster's Palace in Valletta 1956:established a temporary foothold 1928:Azure the word ITALIA in bend or 1826:). In the Second World War, the 1675:, and the North African port of 1603:Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam 1107: 995:(to distinguish them from local 685: 653:Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam 566:Battle of the Dardanelles (1657) 561:Battle of the Dardanelles (1656) 459:Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479) 110: 87:used by Hospitallers during the 74: 69: 7407:Orders, decorations, and medals 5078:: The Heraldry Society: 7–15 . 4945: 4915: 4885: 4855: 4825: 4795: 4765: 4753:from the original on 1 May 2010 4735: 4705: 4686: 4661: 4635: 4583: 4560: 4530: 4506: 4440: 4375:Greene, Molly (February 2002). 4368: 4335: 4230: 4195: 4141: 4102: 3993: 3962: 3937: 3912: 3897: 3803: 3780: 3719: 3687: 3663:Artemi, Eirini (January 2011). 3656: 3617: 3592: 3547: 3512: 3413: 3130: 3107: 2980:Pierre Jean Louis Ovide Doublet 2921:navy of the Order of Saint John 2870: 2287:Frederick William IV of Prussia 2099:Navy of the Order of Saint John 2072:Prince of the Holy Roman Empire 1733:Auberge de Castille et Portugal 1701:prince of the Holy Roman Empire 1563:, to strengthen their rampart. 1405:in 1291 (the city of Jerusalem 982: 8198: 8091:Conquest of Rhodes (1306–1310) 7961: 7930: 7821: 7802: 7788: 7766: 7732: 7553: 7338:Order of Malta Ambulance Corps 5891:Livonian Brothers of the Sword 5778:Latin Empire of Constantinople 5651:Museum of the Order of St John 4617:McCreery, Christopher (2008). 4149:"Ottoman Siege of Malta, 1565" 3277: 3186: 3151: 3079: 3062: 2755:dissolution of the monasteries 2393:during his expedition to Egypt 2165:dissolution of the monasteries 2078:, and the unique hybrid style 1824:National Museum of Archaeology 1687:), which they were to send on 999:hierarchy), was served by the 993:abbey of St Mary of the Latins 991:. The monastery, known as the 859:remaining separate to this day 389:Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes 13: 1: 8244:1113 establishments in Europe 5825:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia 5563:. Stanford University Press. 5154:University of Wisconsin Press 4239:Early Modern European Society 4189:Corsairs of Malta and Barbary 3144: 2963:Personalities of the Hospital 2644:Order of Saint John in Sweden 2528:Order of Saint John in Sweden 2197: 1782:was established in 1761. The 1769:Conventual Church of St. John 1685:Tribute of the Maltese Falcon 1669:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1467:. Each was administered by a 1397:The Knights' castle at Rhodes 1331:, or border province, of the 1193:. Those notably included the 898:Order of Saint John in Sweden 792:conquest of Jerusalem in 1099 594:Bombardment of Algiers (1784) 300:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa 8202:Demolished or sparse remains 7989:Colonization of the Americas 5364:Géopolitique du Catholicisme 5223:. Leiden: Brill Publishers. 4988:. Hoegen Dijkhof Advocaten. 3977:(in Maltese). Archived from 3971:"L-Istorja tal-Ilsien Malti" 3519:King, Colonel E. J. (1931). 2865: 2648:Johanniter Orde in Nederland 2524:Johanniter Orde in Nederland 2489:Israel Antiquities Authority 1906:Castile, León and Portugal: 1703:with a seat and vote in the 1351:Knights of Cyprus and Rhodes 1199:Raymond II, Count of Tripoli 1035:Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem 989:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 909:Foundation and early history 524:Battle of Pantelleria (1586) 409:Battle of Adramyttion (1334) 39:Hospitaller (disambiguation) 7: 8239:1113 establishments in Asia 8179:(with year of proclamation) 8126:Great Siege of Malta (1565) 7984:Principality of Heitersheim 7675:St John (Conventual Church) 7500:Villa del Priorato di Malta 7096:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 5873:State of the Teutonic Order 5746:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 5544:. Allen Lane. p. 253. 5192:(in French). Artège Group. 4046:Knights of Malta, 1523–1798 3944:Prata, Nicholas C. (2004). 3921:Nelson: The Sword of Albion 3085:Less commonly known as the 2957: 1697:Principality of Heitersheim 1545:besieged and taken by Timur 1498:. Not long after, in 1312, 1389:Street of Knights in Rhodes 1249:Fernando Afonso of Portugal 556:Action of 28 September 1644 361:Fall of Krak des Chevaliers 249:Crusader invasions of Egypt 10: 8265: 7864:Palace of the Grand Master 5578:Bom, Myra Miranda (2012). 5441:Peyrefitte, Roger (1960). 4567:Stair Sainty, Guy (2000). 4453:(in French). Paris: Plon. 4281:10.1177/026569149002000301 4269:European History Quarterly 4216:10.1177/026569147300300201 3787:Veinstein, G. "Süleymān". 3762:. Harper Collins. p. 3700:. R. Bentley. p. 299. 3574:. Paris. no. 78, no. 2479. 3319:Moeller, Charles (1913). " 2950: 2816: 2738: 2706:Order of St John in Sweden 2662:Margraviate of Brandenburg 2637: 2553:(Grand Master 1931–1951). 2541: 2503: 2472:On 19 September 1806, the 2437:Grand Master of the Order. 2096: 1912:Quarterly Castile and León 1652: 1557:Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 1354: 912: 903: 760:Benedictine monastic order 453:Ottoman conquest of Lesbos 36: 29: 8162: 8141:Battle of Damietta (1732) 8076:Siege of Jerusalem (1187) 8066: 8008: 7997: 7971: 7883: 7849: 7776: 7720: 7713: 7665: 7632: 7519: 7509: 7464: 7430: 7384: 7318: 7238: 7202: 7050: 7026: 7006: 6818: 6755: 6080: 6060: 6040: 6020: 6009: 6005: 5937: 5858: 5768: 5757: 5702: 5693: 5559:White, Joshua M. (2017). 5474:Read, Piers Paul (1999). 5276:Fenech, Marthese (2020). 5257:Fenech, Marthese (2011). 5219:Burgtorf, Jochen (2008). 5214:. London: Harper Collins. 4309:French Historical Studies 4109:Balbi, Francesco (2005). 3495:Baldwin & Setton 1969 3471:Forey & Luttrell 1995 3459:Forey & Luttrell 1995 3442:Baldwin & Setton 1969 3421:"The eight-pointed cross" 3396:Forey & Luttrell 1995 3197:. Routledge. p. 26. 3182:– via academia.edu. 2947:Princes and Grand Masters 2710:Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden 2395:. Napoleon demanded from 2363:Loss of Malta and decline 2341:French West India Company 2179:and part Roman Catholic. 2177:Protestant or Evangelical 2080:His Most Eminent Highness 1480:four years of campaigning 1220:The Hospitallers and the 1059:Pie postulatio voluntatis 926:Pie postulatio voluntatis 855:commanderies of the order 679:), commonly known as the 642: 632: 619: 614: 540:Campaign of Cyprus (1609) 480:Algiers expedition (1541) 323:Battle of Mansurah (1221) 318:Battle of Fariskur (1219) 289:Siege of Acre (1189–1191) 267:Siege of Jerusalem (1187) 216: 199: 178: 170: 137: 124: 106: 96: 68: 48: 8131:Battle of Lepanto (1571) 5810:Duchy of the Archipelago 5212:The Shield and the Sword 4837:Sovereign Order of Malta 4803:"Multilateral Relations" 4621:. Dundurn. p. 187. 4484:. Boston: Ginn: 404–409. 4360:Seward, Desmond (1972). 4112:The Siege of Malta, 1565 3630:. Palgrave. p. 92. 3285:"Hospital, Order of the" 3193:Boas, Adrian J. (2001). 3070:French invasion of Malta 3055: 3003:Fortifications of Rhodes 2926: 2670:evangelical Christianity 2582:Prince and Grand Masters 2275:Bailiwick of Brandenburg 1716:, would become known as 1599:Suleiman the Magnificent 1306:Knights Gate, Quenington 1214:Baldwin III of Jerusalem 728:. It was founded in the 599:French invasion of Malta 571:Action of 27 August 1661 394:Battle of Amorgos (1312) 238:Siege of Damascus (1148) 101:15 February 1113–present 58:Fraternitas Hospitalaria 8121:Siege of Tripoli (1551) 8116:Invasion of Gozo (1551) 5790:Kingdom of Thessalonica 5724:Principality of Antioch 5696:List of Crusader states 5500:. Palgrave Macmillian. 5466:Encyclopædia Britannica 5451:Phillips, Walter Alison 5399:The Knights Hospitaller 5238:Crowley, Roger (2008). 4204:European Studies Review 3904:Gerhard Köbler (2007). 3599:Lydia, Greaves (2008). 3158:Eiland, Murray (2013). 2998:Fortifications of Malta 2799:Saint John Eye Hospital 2686:Prince Oscar of Prussia 2625:Prince Oskar of Prussia 2051:; four of the original 1995:Jean Parisot de Valette 1908:James, brother of Jesus 1752:Grand Master la Valette 1574:in 1444 and another by 1474:Guillaume's successor, 1379:Siege of Rhodes of 1480 1267:Principality of Antioch 1191:Principality of Antioch 1001:Order of Saint Benedict 818:in 1291. Following the 802:as a distinct order by 649:Jean Parisot de Valette 490:Siege of Tripoli (1551) 485:Invasion of Gozo (1551) 425:Battle of Megara (1359) 420:Battle of Imbros (1347) 404:Battle of Rhodes (1320) 340:Siege of Ascalon (1247) 306:Siege of Alcácer do Sal 272:Siege of Belvoir Castle 8213:Catholicism portal 8081:Battle of Arsuf (1191) 7592:Santa Margherita Lines 7333:Malteser International 7298:Diplomatic missions to 7293:Diplomatic missions of 7140:Catholicism portal 7116:Order of Saint Lazarus 5912:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek 5815:Triarchy of Negroponte 5795:Principality of Achaea 5783:Duchy of Philippopolis 5478:. Imago. p. 118. 4743:"Origins of the Order" 4538:"The Knights of Malta" 4342:Lacroix, Paul (1964). 4080:"History of the Order" 3789:Encyclopaedia of Islam 3694:Graham, J. J. (1858). 2635: 2561: 2461: 2380: 2357: 2266: 2222: 2203: 2190: 2163:of England during the 2135: 2034: 1934:Flagellation of Christ 1896:France: conversion of 1869: 1854: 1740: 1650: 1594: 1401:After the fall of the 1398: 1390: 1382: 1240: 997:Syriac Orthodox Church 931: 851:Protestant Reformation 676: 551:Action of 26 June 1625 469:Siege of Rhodes (1522) 464:Siege of Rhodes (1480) 448:Siege of Rhodes (1444) 399:Battle of Chios (1319) 379:Fall of Tripoli (1289) 278:Siege of Sahyun Castle 57: 8136:Raid on Żejtun (1614) 7642:Grand Master's Palace 7397:Flag and coat of arms 7218:, founded in 1099 in 5902:Bishopric of Courland 5897:Archbishopric of Riga 5494:Riley-Smith, Jonathan 5366:. Éditions Ellipses. 5144:Baldwin, Marshal W.; 4927:St John International 4773:"Bilateral Relations" 4389:10.1093/past/174.1.42 4237:Kamen, Henry (2000). 4187:Earle, Peter (1970). 4153:World History at KMLA 3975:L-Akkademja tal-Malti 3919:Sugden, John (2014). 3624:Rady, Martyn (2000). 3326:Catholic Encyclopedia 3160:"A Snapshot of Malta" 3028:Torphichen Preceptory 2888:the Grand Commander. 2835:Following the end of 2817:Further information: 2708:is protected by King 2623: 2559: 2504:Further information: 2485:Old City of Jerusalem 2443: 2370: 2352: 2298:Imperial Russian Navy 2283:Frederick William III 2257: 2217: 2195: 2185: 2129: 2028: 1878:Michael the Archangel 1860: 1840: 1731: 1632: 1592: 1423:Guillaume de Villaret 1396: 1388: 1364: 1238: 960:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 922: 367:Second Battle of Homs 356:Siege of Safed (1266) 284:Siege of Safed (1188) 186:Our Lady of Philermos 8146:Loss of Malta (1798) 8086:Siege of Acre (1291) 7754:Castille et Portugal 7749:Auvergne et Provence 7232:Kingdom of Jerusalem 7066:Kingdom of Jerusalem 6013:names in parentheses 5712:Kingdom of Jerusalem 5538:Tyerman, Christopher 5321:Gauci, Liam (2016). 4645:. Orderofmalta.int. 3981:on 23 September 2015 3727:"Castle of St Peter" 2919:, who commanded the 2787:British Commonwealth 2379:, Malta, 8 May 2005. 2084:Prince of the Church 2040:Great Siege of Malta 1972:Great Siege of Malta 1804:Castile and Portugal 1722:indigenous islanders 1633:Deed of Donation of 1582:in 1480, who, after 1580:Mehmed the Conqueror 1476:Foulques de Villaret 1403:Kingdom of Jerusalem 1263:Kingdom of Jerusalem 1226:Frederick Barbarossa 1165:constructed several 1150:before reaching the 1075:Kingdom of Jerusalem 733:Kingdom of Jerusalem 633:Current Grand Master 576:Djidjelli expedition 507:Great Siege of Malta 384:Siege of Acre (1291) 351:Fall of Haifa (1265) 312:Siege of Mount Tabor 8234:Knights Hospitaller 8190:World Heritage Site 8176:extraterritoriality 7949:Krak des Chevaliers 7690:Our Lady of Victory 7385:Society and culture 7086:Knights Hospitaller 5907:Bishopric of Dorpat 5838:Knights Hospitaller 5634:6 June 2017 at the 5395:Nicholson, Helen J. 5259:Eight Pointed Cross 5114:, pp. 3–4, 19. 5021:Stair Sainty, Guy. 4719:. 9 February 2013. 4700:on 1 December 2012. 4573:ChivalricOrders.org 4498:Cole, Juan (2007). 3879:Malta Visitor Guide 3737:on 24 November 2013 3497:, pp. 537–538. 3461:, pp. 190–191. 3099:Knights of St. John 3095:Order of Saint John 2616:Order of Saint John 2456:, belonging to the 2339:possessions to the 2213:Louis XIV of France 2196:Hospitaller galley 2156:Counter-Reformation 1756:Francesco Laparelli 1659:Hospitaller Tripoli 1506:, with a series of 1302:St John's Jerusalem 1271:Krak des Chevaliers 1210:Bernard de Tremelay 1195:Krak des Chevaliers 1142:gave the order its 1115:Krak des Chevaliers 1031:Godfrey of Bouillon 978:al-Mustansir Billah 681:Knights Hospitaller 627:Gérard de Martigues 436:Battle of Nicopolis 328:Conquest of Majorca 85:eight-pointed cross 7680:Our Lady of Liesse 6963:Saint Louis Castle 6888:Citadel of Tripoli 5947:Crusading movement 5843:Hospitaller Rhodes 5805:Duchy of Neopatras 5422:. Viking. p. 5146:Setton, Kenneth M. 5033:on 19 October 2008 4381:Past & Present 4364:. London: Penguin. 3885:on 4 February 2012 3273:on 27 August 2018. 3164:The Armiger's News 3124:The Maltese Falcon 3018:Castle of La Muela 2860:House of Sanguszko 2856:self-styled orders 2813:Self-styled orders 2636: 2562: 2462: 2381: 2267: 2204: 2136: 2035: 2002:Philip II of Spain 1986:and withdrawal to 1892:Azure a dolphin or 1870: 1855: 1828:auberge d'Auvergne 1741: 1651: 1595: 1494:and the island of 1449:Kingdom of England 1407:had fallen in 1187 1399: 1391: 1383: 1357:Hospitaller Rhodes 1333:Kingdom of Hungary 1321:Béla IV of Hungary 1294:Kingdom of England 1281:, subdivided into 1241: 1230:Holy Roman Emperor 1039:Ghibbelin of Arles 932: 534:Battle of Hammamet 8221: 8220: 8158: 8157: 8154: 8153: 8095:Sieges of Rhodes 7893:Saint John d'Acre 7845: 7844: 7841: 7840: 7685:Our Lady of Pilar 7374:Ships of the line 7288:Foreign relations 7256:Sovereign Council 7216:international law 7212:sovereign subject 7208:order of chivalry 7148: 7147: 7076:County of Tripoli 7046: 7045: 6973:Scandelion Castle 6292:Caesarea Maritima 6131:Saint Jean d'Acre 5962: 5961: 5929:Free City of Riga 5751:Kingdom of Cyprus 5741:County of Tripoli 5589:978-1-137-08830-7 5570:978-1-503-60252-6 5507:978-0-230-29083-9 5401:. Boydell Press. 5373:978-2-7298-3523-1 5332:978-99932-57-37-0 5313:978-0-19-285428-5 5300:Luttrell, Anthony 5287:978-99182-10-44-2 5268:978-99957-33-08-7 5249:978-1-4000-6624-7 5230:978-90-04-16660-8 5199:978-2-36040-405-6 5129:, pp. 34–36. 4995:978-90-6550-954-3 4679:978-0-9711966-7-4 4628:978-1-77070-280-6 4514:Porter, Whitworth 4422:Order of Malta UK 4248:978-0-415-15865-7 4122:978-1-84383-140-2 4051:Project Gutenberg 3955:978-1-889758-56-5 3930:978-1-84792-276-2 3773:978-0-688-08093-8 3637:978-0-333-98534-2 3610:978-1-905400-66-9 3386:, pp. 29–30. 3369:, pp. 23–24. 3357:, pp. 27–28. 3249:, pp. 20–22. 3220:, pp. 16–17. 3204:978-1-134-58272-3 3087:Knights of Rhodes 2819:Self-styled order 2795:St John Ambulance 2678:order of chivalry 2454:Fort Saint Angelo 2250:Turmoil in Europe 2209:Thirty Years' War 2117:Battle of Lepanto 2033:on 21 August 1565 2031:Castilian knights 1863:Pierre d'Aubusson 1832:auberge de France 1655:Hospitaller Malta 1615:Phillipe Villiers 1541:a crusade in 1344 1529:Knights of Rhodes 1457:Holy Roman Empire 1419:Kingdom of Cyprus 1411:County of Tripoli 1367:Pierre d'Aubusson 1325:Banate of Severin 1298:Duchy of Normandy 1187:County of Tripoli 1163:Fulk of Jerusalem 938:commissioned the 930: 747:(1530–1798), and 662: 661: 657:Garnier de Nablus 588:Battle of Matapan 518:Battle of Lepanto 474:Battle of Preveza 414:Battle of Pallene 334:Siege of Burriana 255:Battle of Cresson 61: 16:(Redirected from 8256: 8211: 8210: 8201: 8188: 8187: 8172: 8171: 8006: 8005: 7964: 7947: 7946: 7933: 7908:Belvoir Fortress 7824: 7805: 7791: 7769: 7735: 7718: 7717: 7657:San Anton Palace 7570: 7569: 7556: 7538: 7537: 7517: 7516: 7498: 7497: 7479: 7478: 7462: 7461: 7365: 7355: 7346: 7331: 7230: 7228: 7227: 7197: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7175: 7168: 7161: 7152: 7151: 7138: 7137: 7124: 7114: 7104: 7094: 7084: 7074: 7064: 7062: 7061: 6999: 6989: 6983:Sidon Sea Castle 6979: 6969: 6959: 6944: 6928:Deir Kifa Castle 6924: 6919: 6909: 6894: 6884: 6874: 6864: 6854: 6844: 6834: 6811: 6801: 6791: 6781: 6771: 6748: 6733: 6732: 6721: 6720: 6704: 6703: 6692: 6691: 6675: 6670: 6655: 6654: 6638: 6637: 6622: 6621: 6600: 6595: 6594: 6583: 6573: 6568: 6567: 6551: 6521: 6516: 6515: 6499: 6494: 6493: 6472: 6467: 6466: 6440: 6425: 6424: 6413: 6412: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6370: 6359: 6358: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6325: 6315: 6310: 6300: 6299: 6288: 6283: 6273: 6267:Belvoir Fortress 6263: 6248: 6243: 6242: 6226: 6206: 6201: 6200: 6184: 6183: 6172: 6167: 6166: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6139: 6123: 6118: 6117: 6101: 6007: 6006: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5966: 5965: 5922:Order of Dobrzyń 5850:Genoese colonies 5763: 5729:County of Edessa 5680: 5673: 5666: 5657: 5656: 5601: 5574: 5555: 5533: 5516:Runciman, Steven 5511: 5489: 5470: 5458: 5446: 5443:Knights of Malta 5437: 5412: 5390: 5377: 5355: 5336: 5317: 5291: 5272: 5253: 5242:. Random House. 5234: 5215: 5203: 5186:Berthod, Bernard 5181: 5157: 5130: 5124: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5092: 5068:The Coat of Arms 5065: 5056: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5029:. Archived from 5027:Chivalric Orders 5018: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5007: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4709: 4703: 4701: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4598:on 8 August 2013 4587: 4581: 4580: 4579:on 6 March 2012. 4575:. Archived from 4564: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4510: 4504: 4503: 4495: 4486: 4485: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4424:. 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Archived from 3267:Knights of Malta 3259: 3250: 3247:Riley-Smith 2012 3244: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3218:Riley-Smith 2012 3215: 3209: 3208: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3155: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3121:'s famous novel 3119:Dashiell Hammett 3111: 3105: 3091:Knights of Malta 3083: 3077: 3066: 2676:, this forms an 2420:Saint Petersburg 2325:Saint Barthélemy 2202: 2199: 1898:Paul the Apostle 1851:John the Baptist 1764:Sacra Infermeria 1665:Pope Clement VII 1625:Knights of Malta 1553:Petronium Castle 1510:, including the 1445:Crown of Castile 1377:(account of the 1345:Bulgarian Empire 1317:Terra de Zeurino 1256:Pope Innocent IV 1245:Roger de Moulins 1243:The statutes of 1206:Siege of Ascalon 1148:Byzantine Empire 1140:Pope Innocent II 1111: 1092:Pope Innocent II 986: 985: 1036–1094 984: 974:Egyptian Fatimid 923: 880:, which are the 871:capture of Malta 776:John the Baptist 756:Cluniac movement 749:Saint Petersburg 720: 719: 716: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 501:Battle of Verbia 495:Battle of Djerba 430:Battle of Kosovo 261:Battle of Hattin 243:Siege of Ascalon 191:John the Baptist 114: 102: 78: 73: 60: 55: 46: 45: 21: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8254: 8253: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8217: 8205: 8182: 8166: 8150: 8062: 8000: 7993: 7967: 7941: 7879: 7837: 7772: 7709: 7661: 7628: 7597:Cottonera Lines 7564: 7550:Fort St Michael 7532: 7513: 7505: 7492: 7473: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7426: 7380: 7360:(Historically: 7314: 7261:Chapter General 7234: 7225: 7223: 7198: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7149: 7144: 7132: 7106:Knights Templar 7059: 7057: 7042: 7022: 7002: 6848:Beaufort Castle 6814: 6751: 6727: 6715: 6698: 6686: 6649: 6632: 6616: 6589: 6562: 6510: 6488: 6461: 6458:Castellum Regis 6419: 6407: 6365: 6353: 6331: 6319:Château Pèlerin 6294: 6237: 6195: 6188:Ateret Fortress 6178: 6161: 6154:Apollonia–Arsuf 6134: 6112: 6076: 6056: 6036: 6016: 6001: 5993: 5963: 5958: 5942:Military orders 5933: 5862: 5854: 5800:Duchy of Athens 5764: 5755: 5698: 5689: 5687:Crusader states 5684: 5636:Wayback Machine 5609: 5604: 5590: 5571: 5552: 5530: 5508: 5486: 5434: 5409: 5374: 5360:Levaye, Patrick 5352: 5333: 5314: 5288: 5278:Falcon's Shadow 5269: 5250: 5231: 5208:Bradford, Ernle 5200: 5178: 5170:. Bantam Dell. 5148:, eds. (1969). 5139: 5137:Further reading 5134: 5133: 5125: 5118: 5110: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5063: 5057: 5046: 5036: 5034: 5019: 5015: 5005: 5003: 4996: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4964: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4936: 4934: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4876: 4874: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4816: 4814: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4741: 4740: 4736: 4726: 4724: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4680: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4629: 4615: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4588: 4584: 4565: 4561: 4551: 4549: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4511: 4507: 4496: 4489: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4458: 4445: 4441: 4431: 4429: 4428:on 24 July 2008 4416: 4415: 4408: 4398: 4396: 4373: 4369: 4358: 4351: 4340: 4336: 4305: 4296: 4265: 4256: 4249: 4235: 4231: 4200: 4196: 4185: 4172: 4162: 4160: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4132: 4130: 4123: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4078: 4077: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4033: 4031: 4016: 4011:: 177–180, 182. 4001:Pippidi, Andrei 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3969:Cassar, Mario. 3967: 3963: 3956: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3917: 3913: 3902: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3845:"Malta History" 3841: 3834: 3824: 3822: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3712: 3705: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3661: 3657: 3647: 3645: 3638: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3597: 3593: 3577: 3576: 3568: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3517: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3382: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3334: 3309: 3307: 3296: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3261: 3260: 3253: 3245: 3236: 3232:, pp. 2–5. 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3205: 3191: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3141: 3135: 3131: 3112: 3108: 3084: 3080: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3045:Knights Templar 3036: 2989: 2969:Caterina Vitale 2965: 2960: 2955: 2949: 2929: 2881:Grand Commander 2873: 2868: 2841:Maltese crosses 2821: 2815: 2743: 2737: 2721:fount of honour 2696:is an Honorary 2650: 2638:Main articles: 2618: 2610:Fort St. Angelo 2570:observer status 2566:religious order 2546: 2540: 2508: 2502: 2373:Fort Saint Elmo 2365: 2291:Johanniterorden 2289:, restored the 2252: 2200: 2175:which was part 2113:Barbary pirates 2101: 2095: 2022:reinforcements. 2011:Fort Saint Elmo 1988:Fort St. Angelo 1964:Barbary pirates 1888:Saint Sebastian 1834:was destroyed. 1760:Girolamo Cassar 1661: 1653:Main articles: 1627: 1572:Sultan of Egypt 1568:Barbary pirates 1522:Philip De Thame 1504:Knights Templar 1437:Crown of Aragon 1371:"Rhodian cross" 1359: 1353: 1222:Knights Templar 1152:Duchy of Amalfi 1125: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1112: 1097:Knights Templar 1047:Pope Paschal II 1014:Judas Maccabeus 981: 917: 911: 906: 804:Pope Paschal II 688: 684: 665: 655: 651: 644: 610: 607: 582:Siege of Candia 442:Siege of Smyrna 373:Siege of Margat 294:Battle of Arsuf 225: 224: 212: 206:Black and white 195: 166: 100: 92: 64: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8262: 8252: 8251: 8246: 8241: 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5512: 5506: 5490: 5484: 5471: 5461:Chisholm, Hugh 5447: 5438: 5432: 5413: 5407: 5391: 5378: 5372: 5356: 5350: 5337: 5331: 5318: 5312: 5292: 5286: 5273: 5267: 5254: 5248: 5235: 5229: 5216: 5204: 5198: 5182: 5176: 5158: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5116: 5104: 5044: 5013: 4994: 4974: 4944: 4914: 4897:Order of Malta 4884: 4854: 4824: 4807:Order of Malta 4794: 4777:Order of Malta 4764: 4734: 4704: 4685: 4678: 4660: 4634: 4627: 4609: 4582: 4559: 4542:Focus on Malta 4529: 4505: 4487: 4468: 4439: 4406: 4367: 4349: 4334: 4321:10.2307/286150 4315:(4): 429–453. 4294: 4275:(3): 323–340. 4254: 4247: 4229: 4194: 4170: 4140: 4121: 4101: 4090:on 5 July 2008 4068: 4014: 3992: 3961: 3954: 3946:Angels in Iron 3936: 3929: 3911: 3896: 3866: 3843:Diamond, Jim. 3832: 3802: 3779: 3772: 3748: 3718: 3714:Nicholson 2001 3703: 3686: 3655: 3636: 3616: 3609: 3591: 3555: 3546: 3511: 3507:Nicholson 2001 3499: 3487: 3485:, p. 339. 3475: 3473:, p. 192. 3463: 3446: 3444:, p. 444. 3434: 3412: 3400: 3398:, p. 186. 3388: 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1113: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1079:Raymond du Puy 1064:Blessed Gerard 1010:King Antiochus 1008:and the Greek 936:Pope Gregory I 910: 907: 905: 902: 846:in the 1660s. 788:Blessed Gerard 737:Kolossi Castle 726:military order 663: 660: 659: 646: 640: 639: 637:John T. Dunlap 634: 630: 629: 624: 617: 616: 612: 611: 609: 608: 606: 605: 602: 596: 591: 585: 579: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 545:Raid on Żejtun 542: 537: 531: 529:Action of 1595 526: 521: 515: 513:Action of 1570 510: 504: 498: 492: 487: 482: 477: 471: 466: 461: 456: 450: 445: 439: 433: 427: 422: 417: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 370: 364: 358: 353: 348: 342: 337: 331: 325: 320: 315: 309: 303: 297: 291: 286: 281: 275: 269: 264: 258: 252: 246: 240: 235: 228: 222: 221: 220: 218: 214: 213: 211: 210: 207: 203: 201: 197: 196: 194: 193: 188: 182: 180: 176: 175: 174:The "Religion" 172: 168: 167: 165: 164: 159: 154: 149: 143: 141: 135: 134: 132:military order 126: 122: 121: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 79: 66: 65: 63: 62: 53: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8261: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8170: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8065: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7996: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7972:Other regions 7970: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7932: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7913:Chastel Rouge 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7876: 7875:Bodrum Castle 7872: 7871: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7775: 7768: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7734: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7723: 7719: 7716: 7712: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7664: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7612:Fort Chambray 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7602:Fort Ricasoli 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7577: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7536: 7530: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7481:Palazzo Malta 7477: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7433: 7429: 7423: 7422:Postal system 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7392:Maltese cross 7390: 7389: 7387: 7383: 7375: 7372: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7354: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7317: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7176: 7171: 7169: 7164: 7162: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7130: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7067: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7049: 7039: 7038: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7018: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7005: 6998: 6994: 6991: 6988: 6984: 6981: 6978: 6974: 6971: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6958: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6943: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6923: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6908: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6889: 6886: 6883: 6879: 6878:Byblos Castle 6876: 6873: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6859: 6858:Beirut Castle 6856: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6843: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6817: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6796: 6793: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6770: 6766: 6765:Ajloun Castle 6763: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6754: 6747: 6742: 6738: 6735: 6731: 6726: 6723: 6719: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6702: 6697: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6660: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6643: 6640: 6636: 6631: 6629: 6624: 6620: 6614: 6613:Blanche Garde 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6599: 6593: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6533: 6530: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6504: 6501: 6498: 6492: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6477: 6474: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6423: 6418: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6369: 6364: 6361: 6357: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6346:Castle Arnold 6344: 6341: 6335: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6314: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6298: 6293: 6290: 6287: 6282: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6257: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6225: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6174: 6171: 6165: 6159: 6155: 6152: 6149: 6144: 6138: 6132: 6128: 6125: 6122: 6116: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6072: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6014: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5997: 5990: 5985: 5983: 5978: 5976: 5971: 5970: 5967: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5936: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5692: 5688: 5681: 5676: 5674: 5669: 5667: 5662: 5661: 5658: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5585: 5581: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5553: 5551:0-7139-9220-4 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5529:0-521-06162-8 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5485:85-312-0735-5 5481: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5439: 5435: 5433:0-670-86745-4 5429: 5425: 5421: 5420: 5414: 5410: 5408:1-84383-038-8 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5351:90-6550-954-2 5347: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5324: 5319: 5315: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5270: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5177:0-385-33601-2 5173: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5141: 5128: 5127:Burgtorf 2008 5123: 5121: 5113: 5112:Burgtorf 2008 5108: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5017: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4978: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4768: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4681: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4613: 4597: 4593: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4563: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4509: 4501: 4494: 4492: 4483: 4479: 4472: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4443: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4411: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4363: 4356: 4354: 4345: 4338: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4198: 4190: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4114: 4113: 4105: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4075: 4073: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4040: 4039:public domain 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3940: 3932: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3907: 3900: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3837: 3820: 3816: 3815:www.kmfap.net 3812: 3806: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3783: 3775: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3752: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3716:, p. 54. 3715: 3710: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3690: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3620: 3612: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3587: 3581: 3573: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3550: 3531: 3524: 3523: 3515: 3509:, p. 21. 3508: 3503: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3483:Runciman 1951 3479: 3472: 3467: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3443: 3438: 3422: 3416: 3410:, p. 17. 3409: 3404: 3397: 3392: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3368: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3316: 3315:public domain 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3290: 3286: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3256: 3248: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3231: 3226: 3219: 3214: 3206: 3200: 3196: 3189: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3154: 3150: 3133: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3082: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2954: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2820: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2791:United States 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2775:royal charter 2772: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2682:Herrenmeister 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2633: 2632:Herrenmeister 2630: 2626: 2622: 2613: 2611: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2558: 2554: 2552: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2468: 2467:Pope Leo XIII 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2406: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2385:Mediterranean 2378: 2374: 2369: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2303: 2302:revolutionary 2299: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2247: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2221: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2133: 2132:Malta Channel 2128: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2057:Queen's House 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2006: 2003: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1853:on a platter. 1852: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1679:in perpetual 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1660: 1656: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1559:, one of the 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1492:Halicarnassus 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1395: 1387: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1365:Grand Master 1363: 1358: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1156:Maltese cross 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1101: 1098: 1093: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1026:First Crusade 1022: 1019: 1018:Saint Stephen 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 928: 927: 921: 916: 901: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 847: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 816:Siege of Acre 813: 807: 805: 801: 797: 796:First Crusade 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 774:dedicated to 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 751:(1799–1801). 750: 746: 743:(1310–1522), 742: 738: 734: 731: 727: 724: 718: 682: 678: 674: 670: 664:Military unit 658: 654: 650: 647: 641: 638: 635: 631: 628: 625: 623: 618: 613: 603: 600: 597: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 546: 543: 541: 538: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 519: 516: 514: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 454: 451: 449: 446: 443: 440: 437: 434: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 346: 345:Fall of Arsuf 343: 341: 338: 335: 332: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 313: 310: 307: 304: 301: 298: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 279: 276: 273: 270: 268: 265: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 247: 244: 241: 239: 236: 234: 230: 229: 227: 226: 219: 215: 209:Red and white 208: 205: 204: 202: 198: 192: 189: 187: 184: 183: 181: 177: 173: 169: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 145: 144: 142: 140: 136: 133: 130: 127: 123: 120: 117: 113: 109: 105: 99: 95: 90: 86: 82: 77: 72: 67: 59: 54: 51: 50: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 8199: 8174: 7962: 7931: 7868: 7822: 7803: 7789: 7767: 7733: 7700:St Catherine 7621: 7576:Fort St Elmo 7554: 7484: 7446:commanderies 7431: 7359: 7278:Associations 7274:Commanderies 7246:Grand Master 7239:Organisation 7085: 7054:Associations 7035: 7015: 6948:Mseilha Fort 6898:Dubay Castle 6775:Kerak Castle 6740: 6711: 6682: 6662: 6645: 6627: 6612: 6609:Tell es-Safi 6558: 6538: 6528: 6506: 6479: 6457: 6448:Château Neuf 6447: 6432: 6403: 6255: 6234:Beth Gibelin 6233: 6218: 6157: 6130: 6108: 6093: 6069: 6049: 6029: 6012: 5917:Dobrzyń Land 5837: 5833:Stato da Màr 5579: 5560: 5541: 5519: 5497: 5476:The Templars 5475: 5464: 5442: 5418: 5398: 5386: 5382: 5363: 5341: 5322: 5303: 5277: 5258: 5239: 5220: 5211: 5189: 5166: 5149: 5107: 5097:18 September 5095:. 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