657:
634:. A ball valve uses a spherical ball instead. In either case, a hole through the cone or ball allows the fluid to pass if it is lined up with the openings in the socket through which the fluid enters and leaves; turning the cone using the handle rotates the passage away, presenting the fluid with the unbroken surface of the cone through which it cannot pass. Valves of this type using a cylinder rather than a cone are sometimes encountered, but using a cone allows a tight fit to be made even with moderate manufacturing tolerances. The ball in ball valves rotates within plastic(usually ptfe) seats.
406:
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307:" (i.e. water purified for domestic use). A single temperature tap is commonly found in a commercial or public restroom where the temperature of the water will be controlled by a separate temperature regulating valve that mixes hot and cold water. The regulating valve may be under the handwashing sink or in a separate mechanical room or service closet. These single taps are less prone to breakage from heavy use or vandalism.
872:
160:
148:
387:, the letters "C" for hot and "F" for cold are used (from French "chaud"/Italian "caldo"/Spanish "caliente" (hot) and French "froid"/Italian "freddo"/Spanish "frio" (cold)). Portuguese would use Q (for "quente", hot) and F. This can create confusion for English-speaking visitors. Mixer taps may have a red-blue stripe or arrows indicating which side will give hot and which cold.
487:
630:
when the handle is in line with the pipe the valve is open, and when the handle is across the pipe it is closed. But it could move in either direction CW or CCW perpendicular to the pipe. S=shut and O=open. A cone valve consists of a shallowly tapering cone in a tight-fitting socket placed across the flow of the fluid. In UK English this is usually known as a
580:
421:", which has a square peg and a square-ended key to turn off and on the water; the "loose key" can be removed to prevent vandals from turning on the water. Before the "loose key" was invented it was common for some landlords or caretakers to take off the handle of a tap, which had teeth that would meet up with the
428:
Taps are normally connected to the water supply by means of a "swivel tap connector", which is attached to the end of the water pipe using a soldered or compression fitting, and has a large nut to screw onto the threaded "tail" of the tap, which hangs down underneath the bath, basin or sink. A fibre
621:
Gate valves use a metal wedge with a circular face, usually the same diameter as the pipe, which is screwed into place perpendicularly to the flow, cutting it off. There is little resistance to flow when the tap is fully open, but this type of tap rarely gives a perfect seal when closed. In the UK
629:
are another alternative. These are commonly found as the service shut-off valves in more-expensive water systems and usually found in gas taps (and, incidentally, the cask beer taps referred to above). They can be identified by their range of motion—only 90°—between fully open and closed. Usually,
652:
at the tip to limit water flow and introduce air in the form of bubbles to reduce splashing. Without an aerator, water usually flows out of the tap in one big stream. An aerator spreads the water flow into many small droplets. In sanitary settings such as hospitals or laboratories "laminar flow
613:
Also, the tortuous S-shaped path the water is forced to follow offers a significant obstruction to the flow. For high pressure domestic water systems this does not matter, but for low pressure systems where flow rate is important, such as a shower fed by a storage tank, a "stop tap" or, in
700:
uses rubber seats facing the cartridges. Each design has its advantages: Moen cartridges tend to be easiest to find, American
Standard cartridges have nearly infinite lifespan in sediment-free municipal water, and Delta's rubber seats tend to be most forgiving of sediment in well water.
680:
of 2 ceramic surfaces in contact, especially in the presence of water as a lubricant. These taps tend to require far less maintenance than traditional globe valves, and when maintenance is required the entire interior of the valve is usually replaced, often as a single pre-assembled
334:
are commonly used. In this case, hot and cold water from the two valves is mixed before reaching the outlet, allowing the water to emerge at any temperature between that of the hot and cold water supplies. Mixer taps were invented by Thomas
Campbell of
394:
requirements. Many installations exist where this standard has been ignored (called "crossed connections" by plumbers). Mis-assembly of some single-valve mixer taps will exchange hot and cold even if the fixture has been plumbed correctly.
610:) over time, so that eventually no tight seal is formed in the closed position, resulting in a leaking tap. The washer can be replaced and the valve seat resurfaced (at least a few times), but globe valves are never maintenance-free.
329:
Water for baths, sinks and basins can be provided by separate hot and cold taps; this arrangement is common in older installations, particularly in public washrooms/lavatories and utility rooms/laundries. In kitchens and bathrooms,
382:
When two pipes are installed, the hot tap generally has a red indicator while the cold tap generally has a blue or green indicator. In the United States, the taps are frequently also labeled with an "H" or "C". In countries with
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form and collapse at the restriction, causing the familiar hissing sound. At very low flow settings, the viscosity of the water becomes important and the pressure drop (and hissing noise) vanish; at full flow settings,
641:
proximity sensors are replacing the standard valve. Thermostatically controlled electronic dual-purpose mixing or diverting valves are used within industrial applications to automatically provide liquids as required.
653:
devices" are used in place of aerators. Laminar flow devices restrict flow and direct the water into a smooth stream without introducing the surrounding air which could contain hazardous bacteria or particles.
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or uncomfortable chilling as other water loads occur (such as the flushing of a toilet). Rather than two separate valves, mixer taps frequently use a single, more complex, valve controlled by a single handle
350:
uses a center handle to control both water flow and temperature (increased by clockwise rotation). Below it is a lever controlling a diverter, sending flow to the tap when positioned to the left, the
417:
Most handles in homes are fastened to the valve shafts with screws, but on many commercial and industrial applications they are fitted with a removable key called a "loose key", "water key", or "
645:
Foot controlled valves are installed within laboratory and healthcare/hospitals, as well as in industrial settings where extremely dirty hands operating taps might leave residues on them.
371:). The handle moves up and down to control the amount of water flow and from side to side to control the temperature of the water. Especially for baths and showers, the latest designs are
1963:
606:" in engineering and, while it gives a leak-proof seal and good fine adjustment of flow, both the rubber washer and the valve seat are subject to wear (and for the seat, also
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on the valve shaft. This tooth and cog system is still used on most modern taps. "Loose keys" may also be found outside homes to prevent passers-by from using them.
518:). Like all ball valves its handle will parallel the gas line when open and be perpendicular when closed, making for easy visual identification of its status.
402:
provide requirements for faucets, such as requiring less than five pounds of force to operate, and requiring that the user does not have to twist their wrist.
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In most countries, there is a standard arrangement of hot/cold taps. For example, in the United States and many other countries, the hot tap is on the left by
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feature so that the hot/cold mixture ratio will not be affected by transient changes in the pressure of one or other of the supplies. This helps avoid
554:, so that flow rate is stable at a given setting. At intermediate flow settings the pressure at the valve restriction drops nearly to zero from the
241:
is the most common term in the US, similar in use to "tap" in
British English, e.g. "water faucet" (although the term "tap" is also used in the US).
721:. This prevents contamination of the building or public water system should there be a pressure drop. In the UK, water regulations require a
832:
303:, though also commonly refers to a faucet that supplies either hot or cold water and not both. It also appears as a descriptor in "
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washer (which expands when wet, aiding the seal) is used between the connector and the tap tail. Tap tails are normally
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more coarse, typically used in on-off applications. Turning a valve knob or lever adjusts flow by varying the
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The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) publishes several Standards on plumbing. Some are:
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is used by professionals in the trade (such as plumbers), and typically refers to an outdoor fixture.
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used in residential, commercial, and laboratory applications for coarse control of the release of
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Exterior spigot (also known as a "shut-off valve", "hose hydrant", "hose bib", or "silcock").
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this type of tap normally has a wheel-shaped handle rather than a crutch or capstan handle.
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of the control device in the valve assembly. The result when opened in any degree is a
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Most US jurisdictions now require hose spigots, hosebibbs, and wall hydrants to have a
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momentarily at room temperature as it passes through the restriction. Bubbles of cool
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for any everyday type of valve, particularly the fittings that control water supply to
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use cartridges (Moen's being O-ring based, American
Standard's being ceramic), while
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which is screwed down onto a valve seat in order to stop the flow. This is called a "
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ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2 – Enameled Cast Iron and
Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures
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Old metal taps were often used as decoration, as is this one at Fužine Castle,
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The first screw-down tap mechanism was patented and manufactured by the
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of the fluid or gas in the pipe, and depends only weakly on the supply
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International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
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brass founders Guest and
Chrimes in 1845. Most older taps use a soft
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For baths and showers, mixer taps frequently incorporate some sort of
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in the pipes becomes important and the water again becomes silent.
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
729:
ASME A112 Standards on
Plumbing Materials and Equipment
325:
Plastic taps are widely used in India due to low costs.
835:. 2023-05-16. Archived from the original on 2023-05-16
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is widely used to describe the valve used to dispense
749:
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 – Ceramic
Plumbing Fixtures
743:
ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 – Plumbing Supply Fittings
287:), usually a freeze-resistant version of a "spigot".
75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
802:"Spigot - Definition of spigot by Merriam-Webster"
257:), same as "spigot", referring to a "cock" (as in
2068:
852:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
439: " or 12 mm in diameter for sinks and
27:Valve controlling the release of a liquid or gas
740:ASME A112.6.4 – Roof, Deck, and Balcony Drains
216:is used in the United Kingdom and most of the
155:are commonly found in the bathroom and kitchen
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664:Modern bathroom and kitchen taps often use
919:
905:
558:; in water taps, this causes the water to
688:Of three manufacturers in North America,
526:Water and gas taps have adjustable flow:
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1974:Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)
737:ASME A112.6.3 – Floor and Trench Drains
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1924:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
762: – Sensor-operated water outlet
73:adding citations to reliable sources
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820:Great Maritime Inventions 1833–1950
171:Two way water tap used in restroom.
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542:. Its rate is independent of the
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1244:Push-to-pull compression fittings
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833:"Chapter 6: Lavatories and Sinks"
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400:Americans with Disabilities Act
265:) that penetrates a foundation
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60:needs additional citations for
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887:The dictionary definition of
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660:Cross section of a shower tap
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195:controlling the release of a
1984:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
1535:Reduced pressure zone device
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1979:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
1698:Instant hot water dispenser
1500:Piping and plumbing fitting
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1325:Backflow prevention device
1310:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
822:, Goose Lane, 2001, p. 33.
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337:Saint John, New Brunswick
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1315:Automatic bleeding valve
954:Compatibility (chemical)
339:, and patented in 1880.
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1520:Pressure-balanced valve
1515:Pressure vacuum breaker
1224:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
1166:Drain-waste-vent system
1146:Chemical drain cleaners
678:coefficient of friction
648:Modern taps often have
346:A North American style
299:generally refers to a
40:Spigot (disambiguation)
36:Faucet (disambiguation)
2041:Template:Public health
1713:water recycling shower
1683:Hot water storage tank
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1663:Electric water boiler
1135:British Standard Pipe
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293:, same as "hosebibb".
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1725:Storage water heater
1294:Water heat recycling
1202:National Pipe Thread
1104:Water supply network
879:at Wikimedia Commons
69:improve this article
32:Tap (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
2056:Template:Wastewater
1914:Hydrostatic testing
1555:Rooftop water tower
1151:Compression fitting
806:merriam-webster.com
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369:single handle mixer
2010:Waterborne disease
1909:Hydronic balancing
1668:Evaporative cooler
1633:Accessible bathtub
1530:Radiator (heating)
1510:Pressure regulator
1405:Double check valve
1380:Concentric reducer
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1390:Coupling (piping)
1355:Chemigation valve
1208:Nominal Pipe Size
1171:Ductile iron pipe
1069:Thermal expansion
875:Media related to
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694:American Standard
385:Romance languages
301:keg or barrel tap
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1816:Flare-nut wrench
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1475:Hose coupling
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1375:Closet flange
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984:Grade (slope)
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979:Friction loss
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893:at Wiktionary
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583:Tap mechanism
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392:building code
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354:to the right.
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93:
89:
86: –
85:
81:
80:Find sources:
74:
70:
64:
63:
58:This article
56:
52:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1929:Pipe marking
1902:and services
1898:Professions,
1846:Strap wrench
1786:Basin wrench
1765:Water heater
1760:Water filter
1673:Flush toilet
1648:Dehumidifier
1590:Trench drain
1579:
1570:Street elbow
1560:Safety valve
1545:Relief valve
1485:Needle valve
1470:Grinder pump
1440:Flow limiter
1425:Float switch
1360:Chopper pump
1340:Booster pump
1289:Tube bending
1234:Pipe support
1099:Water hammer
1079:Thermosiphon
1009:Neutral axis
889:
837:. Retrieved
827:
819:
814:
805:
796:
732:
708:
687:
682:
663:
647:
644:
636:
631:
624:
620:
612:
586:
525:
495:
493:
467:
465:
427:
419:sillcock key
416:
397:
389:
381:
368:
357:
348:mixing valve
331:
328:
296:
291:Wall hydrant
290:
284:
280:
276:
272:
254:
250:
244:
238:
218:Commonwealth
213:
203:Nomenclature
184:
180:
176:
174:
131:
125:October 2010
122:
112:
105:
98:
91:
79:
67:Please help
62:verification
59:
1874:Flow sensor
1862:and control
1860:Measurement
1851:Tap and die
1826:Pipe wrench
1811:Driving cap
1703:Laundry tub
1580:Tap (valve)
1565:Sewage pump
1550:Riser clamp
1495:Pinch valve
1465:Grease trap
1460:Globe valve
1450:Flushometer
1435:Floor drain
1430:Float valve
1350:Check valve
1335:Bleed screw
1109:Water table
1049:Storm sewer
935:Fundamental
778:Shower head
637:Hands free
627:ball valves
604:globe valve
564:water vapor
548:temperature
540:choked flow
532:ball valves
528:gate valves
508:natural gas
2087:Irrigation
2071:Categories
1934:Pipefitter
1821:Pipecutter
1801:Core drill
1688:Humidifier
1653:Dishwasher
1615:Zone valve
1610:Water tank
1455:Gate valve
1330:Ball valve
1303:Components
1123:Technology
1094:Wastewater
1054:Stormwater
839:2023-11-30
788:References
772:Irrigation
616:gate valve
575:Mechanisms
504:fuel gases
500:ball valve
472:draft beer
377:thermostat
332:mixer taps
95:newspapers
1953:Industry
1939:Pipelayer
1796:Borescope
1791:Blowtorch
1730:Sump pump
1264:Soldering
1229:Pipe dope
1192:Hydronics
1064:Tap water
1029:Sewer gas
994:Heat trap
989:Greywater
959:Corrosion
683:cartridge
608:corrosion
589:Rotherham
544:viscosity
506:(such as
466:The term
305:tap water
2077:Plumbing
2019:See also
2005:Scalding
1693:Icemaker
1480:Manifold
1039:Sewerage
1019:Pressure
974:Fuel gas
949:Backflow
937:concepts
928:Plumbing
848:cite web
754:See also
650:aerators
639:infrared
597:neoprene
552:pressure
536:aperture
512:coal gas
490:Gas taps
461:ballcock
411:Slovenia
364:scalding
285:hosebibb
281:hose bib
259:stopcock
255:sillcock
222:bathtubs
153:aerators
18:Hose bib
1944:Plumber
1900:trades,
1841:Plunger
1750:Washlet
1638:Bathtub
1540:Reducer
1370:Cistern
1274:Swaging
1254:Sealant
1130:Brazing
670:plastic
666:ceramic
522:Physics
496:gas tap
474:from a
454:⁄
444:⁄
434:⁄
277:bibcock
263:petcock
251:Silcock
191:) is a
109:scholar
2082:Valves
2031:Piping
1740:Urinal
1708:Shower
1214:O-ring
1187:Gasket
1044:Siphon
1034:Sewage
890:faucet
674:spring
600:washer
593:rubber
516:syngas
514:, and
352:shower
317:Liquid
279:, and
245:Spigot
239:Faucet
187:: see
185:faucet
181:spigot
179:(also
111:
104:
97:
90:
82:
38:, and
1643:Bidet
1605:Valve
1249:Putty
1219:Oakum
1210:(NPS)
1204:(NPT)
1183:(GHT)
1137:(BSP)
698:Delta
423:gears
312:Types
253:(and
226:sinks
197:fluid
193:valve
116:JSTOR
102:books
1720:Sink
1525:Pump
1114:Well
1004:Leak
854:link
719:hose
692:and
690:Moen
560:boil
267:sill
261:and
224:and
88:news
877:Tap
713:or
668:or
595:or
546:or
482:Gas
476:keg
468:tap
297:Tap
283:or
273:Bib
214:Tap
183:or
177:tap
71:by
2073::
850:}}
846:{{
804:.
685:.
510:,
494:A
463:.
199:.
175:A
34:,
920:e
913:t
906:v
856:)
842:.
808:.
456:8
452:3
446:4
442:3
436:2
432:1
413:.
367:(
275:(
269:.
228:.
138:)
132:(
127:)
123:(
113:·
106:·
99:·
92:·
65:.
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
