20:
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167:, but this project had been halted following the prince's death in 1612. De Caus was also a favourite of Elizabeth Stuart's, having been her tutor before her marriage. From July 1614 onwards de Caus began work in Heidelberg on a new set of gardens. Some writers suspect that de Caus transferred many of his potential ideas from the Richmond project to Heidelberg, applying them on a larger scale.
247:', containing a coded secret deep in their design. In this interpretation, the gardens are intended to capture 'a universal vision, based on a union of the arts, science and religion', combined with 'an ancient tradition of secret wisdom handed down over the ages'.
275:
stresses the role of
Frederick as a powerful ruler driving the creation of the gardens, 'toppling the peaks of the mountains' and dominating nature as he restructures the world around him. Even the water in the garden, shown in the statues to be commanded by
203:
birds who sang as nightingales and cuckoos, mazes and a recreation of the legendary animated statue of Memnon. The result was a hugely impressive
Baroque garden in the Italian Renaissance style, dubbed by contemporaries the 'Eighth Wonder of the World'.
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style firmly in mind, drawing on his experiences of north
Italian, and particularly Tuscan gardens. In this minority interpretation, the political symbols and metaphors of the garden are of less importance than the underlying
357:
became ruins and today these are considered a popular, romantic tourist attraction. The gardens, as represented in de Caus' original designs, were recreated digitally at the
European Media Laboratory in Heidelberg in 2003.
250:
Another popular modern interpretation believes that the gardens were designed consciously to communicate a powerful, symbolic political message. Frederick V had political ambitions beyond the
Palatinate; as the head of the
186:
grove he created, populated with thirty sixty-year-old orange trees specially transferred using his own methods, a significant horticultural accomplishment during the period. Other dramatic features included a water
170:
One major challenge that the engineers faced was the uneven ground – the steep, mountainous terrain around the castle had to be flattened and levelled up into a huge multi-leveled
294:
of similar looking gardens across Europe – de Caus was building a garden emulating – and trying to exceed in size and scope – other popular gardens of the day.
64:
techniques involved in its design. At the time it was known as the 'Eighth Wonder of the World', and has since been termed 'Germany's greatest
Renaissance garden.'
353:
was returned to the lower
Palatinate in 1648, the principality was in dire economic straits – pleasure gardens were a low priority for the new ruler. The
178:, plants, flowers and tall trees, surrounded in turn by the Heidelberg forest. The lay-out of the various exotic plants, many from the then recently discovered
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An alternative interpretation of the gardens argues that – although made in the
English style – de Caus designed them with the broad European late
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and
Denmark – the two were genuinely in love, and remained a romantic couple throughout the course of their marriage. Frederick returned to
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had become 'Germany's greatest
Renaissance garden', although it was still not fully completed. 1619, however, saw Frederick V's war with Emperor
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108:, with a martial family tradition stretching back several centuries. Frederick had spent the winter of 1612 in England, where he married
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174:. The result – a large 'L' shape around the castle – was then furnished between 1614 and 1619 with statues,
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349:; the ornate gardens were used as an artillery base for attacking the city. By the time that Frederick's son
182:, reflects their geographical origins and religious connotations. De Caus was also particularly proud of the
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49:
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Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600-1860.
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he had hopes for wider hegemony across Germany. In 1619 Frederick would challenge Emperor
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The 3D digital recreation of the gardens by the European Media Laboratory in Heidelberg.
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background, the complex gardens become an allegory of Rosicrucian thought, a 'botanical
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is that is a 'magic' or 'hermetic' garden. In this model, drawing on de Caus's alleged
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have been interpreted in various ways. The dominant modern interpretation of the
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Nature as model: Salomon de Caus and early seventeenth-century landscape design.
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at King James' court. De Caus had been involved in constructing a
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See Morgan, p.2, although Morgan disputes this interpretation.
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Heidelberg and the gardens suffered badly during the ensuing
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Ricorso and Revelation: an Archetypal Poetics of Modernism.
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project was halted indefinitely, with de Caus leaving for
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Iconography in German and Austrian Renaissance Gardens.
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Garden History: philosophy and design, 2000 BC—2000 AD.
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688:Manchester: Manchester University Press. (2007)
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695:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (2006)
825:1614 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
707:Garden History: Issues, Approaches, Methods.
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120:lines of England, the Palatinate, the Dutch
76:Detail of the multi-level terracing of the
16:Former garden in Heidelberg Castle, Germany
830:Buildings and structures completed in 1614
700:Art and Magic in the Court of the Stuarts.
48:, Germany. The garden was commissioned by
730:University of Pennsylvania Press. (2007)
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52:in 1614 for his new wife,
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228:The elaborate and ornate
328:Battle of White Mountain
151:and the French engineer
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719:McIntosh, Christopher.
705:Hunt, John Dixon. (ed)
112:, the daughter of King
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142:Italian Renaissance
96:, the ruler of the
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772:by Salomon de Caus
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691:Grove, Richard H.
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273:iconography
259:within the
241:Rosicrucian
222:Rosicrucian
184:orange tree
149:Inigo Jones
94:Frederick V
58:landscaping
819:Categories
789:49°24′40″N
362:References
308:Heidelberg
195:' design,
136:-house, a
126:Heidelberg
118:Protestant
98:Palatinate
792:8°43′03″E
332:the Hague
322:over the
224:meanings.
208:Symbolism
197:clockwork
193:Vitruvius
138:menagerie
238:mystical
201:automata
26:and the
278:Neptune
269:Bohemia
257:elector
216:One of
180:tropics
176:grottos
172:terrace
157:Baroque
114:James I
334:. The
310:today.
245:cosmos
134:monkey
130:castle
340:Paris
291:topoi
189:organ
88:The
60:and
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163:at
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