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Horticulture

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255: 4053: 601:(CIH) is the Chartered professional body for horticulturists and horticultural scientists representing all sectors of the horticultural industry across Great Britain, Ireland and overseas.  It is the only horticultural professional body where its top professionals can achieve Chartered status and become a Chartered Horticulturist. The Australian Society of Horticultural Science was established in 1990 as a professional society to promote and enhance Australian horticultural science and industry. Finally, the New Zealand Horticulture Institute is another known horticultural organization. 31: 3024: 654: 1675:"Ancient society of York Florists,oldest horticultural society in world,longest running horticultural show in world established 1768, flower shows in york yorkshire uk,horticultural shows in york yorkshire uk, vegetable shows in york yorkshire uk, fruit shows in york yorkshire uk, floral art shows in york yorkshire uk,handicrafts and baking shows in york uk,dahlia shows in york yorkshire uk,gladioli shows in york yorkshire uk,chrysanthemum shows in york yorkshire uk, auricula shows in york yorkshire uk, sweet pea shows in york yorkshire uk" 4081: 506:
be grown before the growing season starts. Greenhouses/conservatories are similar in function, but are larger in construction and heated with an external energy source. They can be built out of glass, although they are now primarily made from plastic sheets. More expensive and modern greenhouses can include temperature control through shade and light control or air-conditioning as well as automatic watering. Shade houses provide shading to limit water loss by evapotranspiration.
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soil-type, temperature/climate, light, moisture, and pre-existing plants are made. These evaluations of the given environment are taken into consideration when selecting plant material for the location. Plant selection may be for annual displays, or they may be for more permanent plantings. Characteristics of the plant such as mature height/size, colour, growth habit, ornamental value, flowering time and invasive potential are what finalizes the plant selection process.
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vegetables. Crops are modified to increase their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors such as parasites, disease, and drought as well as increase yield, nutrition, and flavour. Additionally, CRISPR has been used to edit undesirable traits, for example, reducing the browning and production of toxic and bitter substances of potatoes. CRISPR has also been employed to solve issues of low pollination rates and low fruit yield common in greenhouses. As compared to
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system where there is no soil used. Growers within a greenhouse setting will often opt for a soilless mix which does not include any actual components of naturally occurring soil. These mixes offer advantages such as water absorption, sterility, and are generally very available within the industry.
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Plants have evolved to require different amounts of light, and lengths of daytime; their growth and development is determined by the amount of light/light intensity that they receive. Control of this may be achieved artificially through the use of fluorescent lights in an indoor setting. Manipulating
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Plants require specific temperatures to grow and develop properly. Temperature control can be done through a variety of methods. Covering plants with plastic in the form of cones - called hot caps, or tunnels, can help to manipulate the surrounding temperature. Mulching is also an effective method to
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Commercial horticulture is required to support a rapidly growing population with demands for its products. Due to global climate change, extremes in temperatures, strength of precipitation events, flood frequency, and drought length and frequency are increasing. Together with other abiotic stressors
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Cold frames provide an enclosed environment, they are built close to the ground and with a top made of glass or plastic. The glass or plastic allows sunlight into the frame during the day and prevents heat loss that would have been lost as long-wave radiation at night. This allows plants to start to
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were sacred, as they grew plants that held religious value. Plants were grown for their metaphorical relation to Gods and Goddesses. Flowers held symbolic power in religious rites, as they were offered to the Gods, as well as were given in ceremonies to leaders to demonstrate their connection to the
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The Global Horticulture Initiative (GlobalHort) fosters partnerships and collective action among different stakeholders in horticulture. This organization has a special focus on horticulture for development (H4D), which involves using horticulture to reduce poverty and improve nutrition worldwide.
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Water management methods involve employing irrigation/drainage systems, and controlling soil moisture to the needs of the species. Methods of irrigation include surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, sub-irrigation, and trickle irrigation. Volume of water, pressure, and frequency are changed to
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Environmental factors that effect plant development include: temperature, light, water, pH, nutrient availability, weather events (rain, snow, sleet, hail and freezing rain, dew, wind and frost) humidity, elevation, terrain, and micro-climate effects. In horticulture, these environmental variables
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When selecting plants to cultivate, a horticulturist may consider aspects based on the plants intended use and can include plant morphology, rarity, and utility. When selecting plants for the landscape, there are necessary observations of the location that must be made first. Considerations as to
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Emerging technologies are moving the industry forward, especially in the way of altering plants to be more adverse to parasites, disease and drought. Modifying technologies such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9), are also improving the nutrition, taste and
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In India, the Horticultural Society of India (now Indian Academy of Horticultural Sciences) is the oldest society which was established in 1941 at Lyallpur, Punjab (now in Pakistan) but was later shifted to Delhi in 1949. The other notable organization in operation since 2005 is the Society for
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Care is required to reduce damages and losses to horticultural crops during harvest. Compression forces occur during harvesting, and horticultural goods can be hit in a series of impacts during transport and packhouse operations. Different techniques are used to minimize mechanical injuries and
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In addition to the medicinal and nutritional values that plants hold, plants have also been grown for their beauty, and to impress and demonstrate power, knowledge, status and even wealth of those in-control of the cultivated plant material. This symbolic power that plants hold has existed even
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around 10,000-20,000 years ago. At first, only plants for sustenance were grown and maintained, but eventually as humanity became increasingly sedentary, plants were grown for their ornamental value. Horticulture is considered to have diverged from agriculture during the middle-ages when people
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Living organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, insects, weeds and native plants are sources of biotics stresses and can deprive the host of its nutrients. Plants respond to these stresses using defence mechanisms such as morphological and structural barriers, chemical compounds,
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Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) has recently gained recognition as a highly efficient, simplified, precise, and low cost method of altering the genomes of species. Since 2013, CRISPR has been used to enhance a variety of species of grains, fruits, and
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Early practices in horticulture include a number of various ways that people managed the land (using an assortment of tools), with a variety of methods and types of plants cultivated for a number of uses. Methods, tools and plants grown, have always depended on the culture and climate.
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Horticulture began with the domestication of plants 10,000-20,000 years ago, and has since, been deeply integrated into humanity's history. The domestication of plants occurred independently within various civilizations across the globe. The history of horticulture overlaps with the
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GlobalHort is organized in a consortium of national and international organizations which collaborate in research, training, and technology-generating activities designed to meet mutually-agreed-upon objectives. GlobalHort is a non-profit organization registered in Belgium.
624:(NJHA) was established in 1934 and was the first organization in the world dedicated solely to youth and horticulture. NJHA programs are designed to help young people obtain a basic understanding of horticulture and develop skills in this ever-expanding art and science. 524:, UV damage, and air pollution, stressful environments are created for crop production. This is extrapolated as evapotranspiration is increased, soils are degraded of their nutrients, and oxygen levels are depleted, resulting in up to a 70% loss in crop yield. 413:
methods. In sexual propagation seeds are used, while asexual propagation involves the division of plants, separation of tubers, corms, and bulbs - by use of techniques such as cutting, layering, grafting.
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Soil management methods are broad, but includes the use of fertilizers, planned crop rotation to prevent the degradation of soils that are seen in monocultures, applying fertilizers, and soil analysis.
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maintenance. For each of these, there are various professions, aspects, tools used and associated challenges; Each requiring highly specialized skills and knowledge of the horticulturist.
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Horticulturists, are those who study and practice the cultivation of plant material professionally. There are many different types of horticulturists with different job-titles, including:
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Typically, horticulture is characterized as the ornamental, small-scale/non-industrial cultivation of plants, as compared to the large-scale cultivation of crops/livestock that is seen in
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There are various organizations worldwide that focus on promoting and encouraging research and education in all branches of horticultural science; such organizations include the
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proteins, enzymes and hormones. The impact of biotic stresses can be prevented using practices such as incorporate tilling, spraying or Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
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There are divisions and sub-divisions within horticulture, this is because plants are grown for many different reasons. Some of the divisions in horticulture include:
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or maize field, around their dwellings or in specialized plots which were visited occasionally during migrations from one area to the next. In Central America, the
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There are many horticultural organizations and societies found around the world, that are formed by horticulturists and those within the industry. These include:
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Solomon, Dawit, Johannes Lehmann, Janice Thies, Thorsten Schafer, Biqing Liang, James Kinyangi, Eduardo Neves, James Petersen, Flavio Luizao, and Jan Skjemstad,
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The choice of growing media and components to the media help support plant life. Within a greenhouse environment, growers may choose to grow their plants in an
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the amount of light also controls flowering. Lengthening the day encourages the flowering of long-day plants and discourages the flowering of short-day plants.
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protect outdoor plants from frost during the wintertime. Inside, other frost prevention methods include the use of wind machines, heaters, and sprinklers.
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Manual harvesting: This is the process of harvesting horticultural crops by hand. Fruits, such as apples, pears and peaches, can be harvested by clippers
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There are a number of traditional horticultural practices that we know of today: such as the Indigenous peoples of pre-colonized North America using
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is the oldest horticultural society in the world and was founded in 1768; this organization continues to host four horticultural shows annually in
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There are various divisions of horticulture because plants are grown for a variety of purposes. These divisions include, but are not limited to:
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Abiotic factors such as weather, light and temperature are all things that can be manipulated with enclosed environments such as cold frames,
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and shade houses. Materials that are used in the construction of these buildings are chosen based on the climate, purpose and budget.
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Promotion of Horticulture based at Bengaluru. Both these societies publish scholarly journals – Indian Journal of Horticulture and
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Thompson, S.I. (1977) Women, Horticulture, and Society in Tropical America. American Anthropologist, N.S., 79: 908–10
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Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal – a review
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Molecular signature and sources of biochemical recalcitrance of organic carbone in Amazonian Dark Earths
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von Hagen, V.W. (1957) The Ancient Sun Kingdoms Of The Americas. Ohio: The World Publishing Company
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Sanitation: Harvest bags, crates, clippers and other equipment must be cleaned prior to harvest.
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is performed, increasing the number of individual plants. Propagation involves both sexual and
296: 39: 4919: 1178: 1140: 5524: 5355: 4057: 4043: 3714: 3040: 2798: 2515: 2133: 2128: 2021: 1936: 1585:"CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing Revolutionizes the Improvement of Horticulture Food Crops" 903: 751: 721: 330:. In North America, Indigenous people grew maize, squash, and sunflower - among other crops. 3651: 324:
to enhance soil productivity by smoldering plant waste - European settlers called this soil
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Colin W. Wrigley; Harold Corke; Koushik Seetharaman; Jonathan Faubion, eds. (2016).
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for the advancement of horticultural sciences. Horticulture in the Indian state of
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optimize the growing environment. On a small scale watering can be done manually.
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started growing plants for pleasure/aesthetics, rather than just for sustenance.
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may be avoided, controlled or manipulated in an indoor growing environment.
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Stress tolerance in horticultural crops: challenges and mitigation strategies
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Hussein, Zaharan; Fawole, Olaniyi A.; Opara, Umezuruike Linus (2020-01-01).
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cultures focused on the cultivating of crops on a small scale, such as the
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Wang, Tian; Zhang, Chunjiao; Zhang, Hongyan; Zhu, Hongliang (2021-11-17).
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It includes the cultivation of all plants including, but not limited to:
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is the art and science of growing plants. This definition is seen in its
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Carey, John, ed. (2022-11-15). "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind".
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In the United Kingdom, there are two main horticulture societies. The
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Practical Horticulture; A Guide to Growing Indoor and Outdoor Plants
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Postharvest physiology and biochemistry of fruits and vegetables
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in horticulture is the process in which the multiplication of a
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HORTIVAR – The FAO Horticulture Cultivars Performance Database
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Postharvest technology of perishable horticultural commodities
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involved augmentation of the forest with useful trees such as
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There is evidence that various gardens maintained by the
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(2021). 1139:Arteca, Richard N. (2014-02-14). 929: 908: 885: 847: 818: 800: 615:Kerala State Horticulture Mission 607:Journal of Horticultural Sciences 463:Growing media and soil management 27:Small-scale cultivation of plants 5379: 5378: 4129: 4120: 4119: 4107: 4093: 4079: 4065: 4051: 4037: 4023: 3058: 3046: 3035: 3034: 3022: 1965:Plant and Soil Sciences eLibrary 1649:Mookerjee, Sonali (2023-11-30). 652: 638: 584:Ancient Society of York Florists 566: 258:Flower seedlings at a market in 153:plant production and propagation 4130: 1928:The Royal Horticultural Society 1872:from the original on 2018-04-13 1858: 1847:from the original on 2023-01-19 1833: 1822:from the original on 2021-08-19 1804: 1793:from the original on 2021-08-19 1775: 1764:from the original on 2023-01-19 1750: 1739:from the original on 2023-01-19 1725: 1714:from the original on 2019-05-26 1696: 1685:from the original on 2018-11-12 1667: 1642: 1631:from the original on 2022-12-07 1576: 1519: 1472:from the original on 2022-12-07 1407: 1374: 1341: 1308: 1275: 1264:from the original on 2022-12-07 1226:from the original on 2022-12-06 1197:from the original on 2023-01-19 1170: 1159:from the original on 2023-01-19 1132: 1107: 1098: 1076: 1063: 1037: 1007: 646:Agriculture and Agronomy portal 592:The Royal Horticultural Society 307:Early practices in horticulture 121:The Royal Horticultural Society 982: 775: 561:Genetically Modified Organisms 435: 391: 227:This cultivation may occur in 193:ornamental trees/shrubs/plants 13: 1: 1917:The Institute of Horticulture 1493:Elhadi M. Yahia, ed. (2019). 768: 509: 5257:History of plant systematics 4844:Thorns, spines, and prickles 3106: 1945:(archived 10 September 2012) 542:wounding to plants such as: 107:Horticulture began with the 7: 2893:Index of pesticide articles 1919:(archived 7 September 2015) 1532:Horticultural Plant Journal 1420:Horticultural Plant Journal 1317:Encyclopedia of food grains 1177:Peter, K. V. (2009-02-05). 989:Arteca, Richard N. (2015). 631: 10: 5551: 5073:Alternation of generations 4175: 3484:Growth and yield modelling 2037:Climate-friendly gardening 1895:Principles of Horticulture 942:. ashs.org. Archived from 694:Genetically modified trees 478: 395: 289: 187:and landscape restoration. 69:which means "to cultivate" 5432: 5374: 5322: 5286: 5223:Cultivated plant taxonomy 5186:Biological classification 5176: 5049: 4965: 4861: 4811: 4536: 4466: 4409: 4371: 4345: 4281: 4201: 4183: 4058:Earth sciences portal 4044:Climate change portal 4019: 3896: 3728: 3625:Great Green Wall (Africa) 3570: 3261: 3171: 3114: 3016: 2938: 2913:Plant disease forecasting 2875: 2867:Vegan organic agriculture 2842: 2717:Genetically modified tree 2604: 2147: 2012: 1961:(archived 4 October 2018) 1553:10.1016/j.hpj.2022.04.007 1440:10.1016/j.hpj.2019.07.006 1216:"Horticultural Practices" 699:Genomics of domestication 590:, England. Additionally, 251:, recreation areas, etc. 65:which means "garden" and 5083:Evolutionary development 3630:Great Green Wall (China) 3203:Close to nature forestry 1655:Genetic Literacy Project 1601:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00104 1183:. New India Publishing. 1114:Pollan, Michael (2001). 453: 444: 225:medicinal/edible plants. 4734:Hypanthium (Floral cup) 3664:Million Tree Initiative 1943:History of Horticulture 1939:(archived 26 June 2006) 810:Rice, Laura W. (1980). 727:Indigenous horticulture 387:Aspects of horticulture 109:domestication of plants 5349:by author abbreviation 5273:Plant taxonomy systems 5191:Botanical nomenclature 4086:Environment portal 3518:Sustainable management 3413:Trillion Tree Campaign 2852:Biodynamic agriculture 2789:Postharvest physiology 2737:Landscape architecture 2434:Indonesian home garden 1180:Basics Of Horticulture 925:on September 22, 2012. 297:history of agriculture 263: 51: 43: 40:Lawrenceville, Georgia 5477:Agricultural/Agrarian 5356:Botanical expeditions 4011:Wood process engineer 3715:Urban forest inequity 2099:Historic conservation 1937:horticulture industry 1935:– information on the 1497:. Duxford: Elsevier. 1352:. Duxford: Elsevier. 752:Tropical horticulture 722:Horticultural therapy 479:Further information: 257: 49: 33: 5088:Evolutionary history 5078:Double fertilization 4930:Cellular respiration 3674:Shifting cultivation 3615:Forest fragmentation 3585:Carbon sequestration 3455:Woodland Carbon Code 3420:Forest certification 3328:Even-aged management 3243:Sustainable forestry 3029:Gardening portal 2928:Aquamog weed remover 2903:List of insecticides 1385:. London: Elsevier. 1145:. Cengage Learning. 1116:The Botany of Desire 708:Horticultural botany 669:Agricultural science 522:heavy metal toxicity 481:CULTAN Fertilization 327:Terra Preta de Indio 5535:Agriculture by type 4307:Non-vascular plants 3479:Formally designated 3323:Ecological thinning 3233:Plantation forestry 3141:Research institutes 1595:(45): 13260–13269. 1544:2022HorPJ...8..395L 1432:2020HorPJ...6....1H 1220:District of Saanich 1015:"Why Horticulture?" 833:National Geographic 782:Dent, J.M. (1969). 747:Plug (horticulture) 712:Horticultural flora 554:Emerging technology 77:, plant production/ 5426:Types of societies 4812:Surface structures 4607:Flower development 4072:Ecology portal 3605:Forest degradation 3600:Ecosystem services 3208:Community forestry 2898:List of fungicides 2663:Companion planting 1258:www.britannica.com 1051:. February 2, 2024 835:. October 19, 2023 613:is spearheaded by 537:Harvest management 264: 185:plant conservation 52: 44: 5512: 5511: 5392: 5391: 5031:Herbaceous plants 4857: 4856: 4143: 4142: 4100:Plants portal 3886:green woodworking 3074: 3073: 2946:Community orchard 2772:drought tolerance 1504:978-0-12-813277-7 1392:978-0-12-814392-6 1359:978-0-12-813279-1 1326:978-0-12-394786-4 1293:978-0-323-85363-7 1190:978-81-89422-55-4 1152:978-1-305-17780-2 1000:978-1-111-31279-4 878:978-0-300-26668-9 793:978-0-460-92473-3 717:Horticultural oil 403:Plant propagation 398:Plant propagation 301:history of botany 16:(Redirected from 5542: 5494:Proto-Industrial 5419: 5412: 5405: 5396: 5395: 5382: 5381: 5361:Individual trees 5036:Secondary growth 5007:Succulent plants 4995:Prostrate shrubs 4878:Apical dominance 4863:Plant physiology 4824:Epicuticular wax 4369: 4368: 4362: 4353:Plant morphology 4170: 4163: 4156: 4147: 4146: 4133: 4132: 4123: 4122: 4114:Trees portal 4112: 4111: 4098: 4097: 4084: 4083: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4056: 4055: 4054: 4042: 4041: 4040: 4027: 4026: 3748:Forest gardening 3705:Timber recycling 3652:Invasive species 3540:Tree measurement 3101: 3094: 3087: 3078: 3077: 3062: 3061: 3050: 3049: 3038: 3037: 3027: 3026: 3003:Plant collecting 2939:Related articles 2876:Plant protection 2057:French intensive 1995: 1988: 1981: 1972: 1971: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1877: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1852: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1827: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1769: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1719: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1690: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1661: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1637: 1636: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1555: 1523: 1517: 1516: 1490: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1451: 1411: 1405: 1404: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1312: 1306: 1305: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1269: 1250: 1235: 1234: 1232: 1231: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1174: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1164: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1118:. 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Archived from 915: 906: 896: 883: 882: 856: 845: 844: 842: 840: 825: 816: 815: 807: 798: 797: 779: 762:Vertical farming 684:Forest gardening 662: 660:Gardening portal 657: 656: 648: 643: 642: 641: 515:Abiotic stresses 116:yield of crops. 21: 5550: 5549: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5540: 5539: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5504:Post-industrial 5442:Hunter-gatherer 5428: 5423: 5393: 5388: 5370: 5339:Botanical terms 5332: 5318: 5282: 5228:Citrus taxonomy 5206:Author citation 5172: 5066: 5045: 4967: 4961: 4957:Turgor pressure 4865: 4853: 4807: 4622:Floral symmetry 4540: 4532: 4462: 4451:Vascular bundle 4446:Vascular tissue 4405: 4365: 4356: 4355: 4341: 4312:Vascular plants 4277: 4273:Plant pathology 4197: 4179: 4174: 4144: 4139: 4106: 4092: 4078: 4066: 4064: 4052: 4050: 4038: 4036: 4015: 3892: 3869:spruce-pine-fir 3842:Christmas trees 3724: 3640:Illegal logging 3572: 3566: 3281:Controlled burn 3266: 3257: 3238:Social forestry 3218:Energy forestry 3198:Bamboo forestry 3193:Analog forestry 3167: 3110: 3105: 3075: 3070: 3021: 3012: 3008:Turf management 2993:Lists of plants 2988:List of gardens 2934: 2871: 2838: 2600: 2150: 2143: 2008: 1999: 1969: 1933:British Library 1912: 1890: 1888:Further reading 1885: 1884: 1875: 1873: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1850: 1848: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1825: 1823: 1816:sph.iihr.res.in 1810: 1809: 1805: 1796: 1794: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1767: 1765: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1742: 1740: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1717: 1715: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1688: 1686: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1659: 1657: 1647: 1643: 1634: 1632: 1581: 1577: 1524: 1520: 1505: 1491: 1484: 1475: 1473: 1412: 1408: 1393: 1379: 1375: 1360: 1346: 1342: 1327: 1313: 1309: 1294: 1280: 1276: 1267: 1265: 1252: 1251: 1238: 1229: 1227: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1200: 1198: 1191: 1175: 1171: 1162: 1160: 1153: 1137: 1133: 1126: 1112: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1081: 1077: 1068: 1064: 1054: 1052: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1028: 1026: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1001: 987: 983: 976: 962: 958: 949: 947: 938: 937: 930: 917: 916: 909: 897: 886: 879: 857: 848: 838: 836: 829:"Domestication" 827: 826: 819: 808: 801: 794: 780: 776: 771: 766: 757:Turf management 742:Plant nutrition 658: 651: 644: 639: 637: 634: 569: 556: 539: 530: 528:Biotic stresses 520:such salinity, 517: 512: 488: 483: 465: 456: 447: 438: 429: 420: 418:Plant selection 400: 394: 389: 372: 364:horticulturists 318: 309: 292: 175:and maintenance 141: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5548: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5437:Pre-industrial 5433: 5430: 5429: 5422: 5421: 5414: 5407: 5399: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5329:Related topics 5327: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5278:Taxonomic rank 5275: 5270: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5230: 5220: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5196:Botanical name 5188: 5182: 5180: 5178:Plant taxonomy 5174: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5154:Megasporangium 5151: 5150: 5149: 5142:Microsporangia 5134: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5096: 5095: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5014: 5009: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4987: 4982: 4980:Cushion plants 4971: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4917: 4915:Plant hormones 4912: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4898:Photosynthesis 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4869: 4867: 4859: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4736: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4631: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4617:Floral formula 4614: 4612:Floral diagram 4609: 4604: 4594: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4581: 4580: 4575: 4565: 4555: 4550: 4544: 4542: 4541:(incl. Flower) 4534: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4501: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4470: 4468: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4460: 4455: 4454: 4453: 4443: 4441:Storage organs 4438: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4421: 4415: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4377: 4375: 4366: 4364: 4363: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4327:Spermatophytes 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4297:Archaeplastida 4294: 4288: 4286: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4251:Phytogeography 4248: 4246:Phytochemistry 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4207: 4205: 4203:Subdisciplines 4199: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4180: 4173: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4150: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4127: 4117: 4103: 4089: 4075: 4061: 4047: 4033: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4013: 4008: 4003: 4001:Timber cruiser 3998: 3996:Shingle weaver 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3890: 3889: 3888: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3834: 3832:Rail transport 3829: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3782: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3773:pulp and paper 3770: 3765: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3743:Forest farming 3740: 3734: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3693: 3691:slash-and-char 3688: 3686:slash-and-burn 3683: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3610:Forest dieback 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3576: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3530: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3283: 3278: 3272: 3270: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3253:Urban forestry 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3175: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3144: 3137: 3130: 3123: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3104: 3103: 3096: 3089: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3056: 3044: 3032: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2983:Garden tourism 2980: 2975: 2973:Groundskeeping 2970: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2953: 2948: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2848: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2825: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2762:free-flowering 2759: 2754: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2676: 2675: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2643: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2610: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2304: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2155: 2153: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2079:Groundskeeping 2076: 2075: 2074: 2072:computer-aided 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2018: 2016: 2010: 2009: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1975: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1940: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1913: 1911: 1910:External links 1908: 1907: 1906: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1857: 1832: 1803: 1783:"Headquarters" 1774: 1749: 1724: 1695: 1666: 1641: 1575: 1538:(4): 395–407. 1518: 1503: 1482: 1449:10019.1/125649 1406: 1391: 1373: 1358: 1340: 1325: 1307: 1292: 1274: 1236: 1207: 1189: 1169: 1151: 1131: 1124: 1106: 1097: 1088: 1075: 1062: 1036: 1006: 999: 981: 974: 956: 928: 907: 884: 877: 846: 817: 814:. USA: Reston. 799: 792: 773: 772: 770: 767: 765: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 665: 664: 663: 649: 633: 630: 568: 565: 555: 552: 551: 550: 547: 538: 535: 529: 526: 516: 513: 511: 508: 496:conservatories 487: 484: 464: 461: 455: 452: 446: 443: 437: 434: 428: 425: 419: 416: 396:Main article: 393: 390: 388: 385: 371: 368: 317: 314: 308: 305: 291: 288: 280:floriculturist 189: 188: 182: 176: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 140: 137: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5547: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5520: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5472:Horticultural 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5431: 5427: 5420: 5415: 5413: 5408: 5406: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5385: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5315: 5314:Phytochemical 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5175: 5167: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4952:Transpiration 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 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4471: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4456: 4452: 4449: 4448: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4424:Ground tissue 4422: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4347:Plant anatomy 4344: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4268:Plant ecology 4266: 4264: 4263:Plant anatomy 4261: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4211:Archaeobotany 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4178: 4171: 4166: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4136: 4128: 4126: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4076: 4074: 4073: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4048: 4046: 4045: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3991:Rubber tapper 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3919:Choker setter 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3758:Manufacturing 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3727: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3698: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3595:Deforestation 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3571:Environmental 3569: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3472:reforestation 3470: 3468: 3467:afforestation 3465: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3276:Arboriculture 3274: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3228:Permaforestry 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3067: 3066: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2978:Garden centre 2976: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2957: 2956:Floral design 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2822:reforestation 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2732:Intercropping 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2673:most valuable 2671: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2641:Arboriculture 2639: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2234:Garden square 2232: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2164:Ancient Egypt 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2068: 2067:Garden design 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1904: 1903:0-7506-8694-4 1900: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1871: 1867: 1861: 1846: 1842: 1841:"Home – NJHA" 1836: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1699: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1670: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1522: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1496: 1489: 1487: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1410: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1388: 1384: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1355: 1351: 1344: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1322: 1318: 1311: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1211: 1196: 1192: 1186: 1182: 1181: 1173: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1135: 1127: 1125:0-375-50129-0 1121: 1117: 1110: 1101: 1092: 1085: 1079: 1072: 1066: 1050: 1046: 1040: 1025:on 2019-05-02 1024: 1020: 1016: 1010: 1002: 996: 992: 985: 977: 975:0-471-46579-8 971: 967: 960: 946:on 2017-08-11 945: 941: 935: 933: 924: 920: 914: 912: 905: 901: 895: 893: 891: 889: 880: 874: 870: 866: 862: 855: 853: 851: 834: 830: 824: 822: 813: 806: 804: 795: 789: 785: 778: 774: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 666: 661: 655: 650: 647: 636: 629: 625: 623: 618: 616: 612: 608: 602: 600: 595: 593: 589: 585: 580: 578: 574: 567:Organizations 564: 562: 548: 545: 544: 543: 534: 525: 523: 507: 503: 501: 497: 493: 482: 477: 473: 470: 460: 451: 442: 433: 424: 415: 412: 408: 404: 399: 384: 381: 376: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 328: 323: 313: 304: 302: 298: 287: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 262:, Netherlands 261: 256: 252: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 186: 183: 180: 177: 174: 173:garden design 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 158:arboriculture 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 145: 144: 136: 134: 130: 126: 122: 117: 113: 110: 105: 103: 98: 96: 92: 88: 84: 83:arboriculture 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 48: 41: 37: 32: 19: 18:Horticultural 5525:Horticulture 5471: 5309:Horticulture 5308: 5299:Floriculture 5201:Correct name 5051:Reproduction 5041:Woody plants 4966:Plant growth 4925:Gas Exchange 4910:Phytomelanin 4788:Plant embryo 4538:Reproductive 4386:Phragmoplast 4105: 4091: 4077: 4063: 4049: 4035: 4028: 4006:Tree planter 3986:Resin tapper 3966:Truck driver 3961:River driver 3710:Tree hugging 3695: 3678: 3645:timber mafia 3635:High grading 3620:Ghost forest 3590:Clearcutting 3513:Silviculture 3489:Horticulture 3488: 3333:Fire ecology 3248:Urban forest 3223:Mycoforestry 3183: 3179:Agroforestry 3160: 3153: 3146: 3139: 3132: 3127:Forest areas 3125: 3118: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3020: 2923:Weed control 2812:horticulture 2742:Olericulture 2722:Hydroculture 2712:Fruticulture 2690:Floriculture 2619:Permaculture 2606:Horticulture 2605: 2002:Horticulture 2001: 1894: 1893:C.R. Adams, 1874:. Retrieved 1860: 1849:. Retrieved 1835: 1824:. Retrieved 1815: 1806: 1795:. Retrieved 1786: 1777: 1766:. Retrieved 1752: 1741:. Retrieved 1727: 1716:. Retrieved 1707: 1698: 1687:. Retrieved 1678: 1669: 1658:. Retrieved 1654: 1644: 1633:. Retrieved 1592: 1588: 1578: 1535: 1531: 1521: 1494: 1474:. Retrieved 1423: 1419: 1409: 1382: 1376: 1349: 1343: 1316: 1310: 1283: 1277: 1266:. Retrieved 1257: 1228:. Retrieved 1219: 1210: 1199:. Retrieved 1179: 1172: 1161:. Retrieved 1141: 1134: 1115: 1109: 1100: 1091: 1083: 1078: 1070: 1065: 1055:February 14, 1053:. Retrieved 1048: 1039: 1027:. Retrieved 1023:the original 1018: 1009: 990: 984: 965: 959: 948:. Retrieved 944:the original 923:the original 899: 898:Baeyer, E. T 860: 837:. Retrieved 832: 811: 783: 777: 737:Permaculture 679:Floriculture 626: 619: 603: 596: 581: 570: 557: 540: 531: 518: 504: 489: 474: 466: 457: 448: 439: 430: 421: 401: 377: 373: 363: 332:Mesoamerican 325: 319: 310: 293: 265: 190: 168:floriculture 142: 118: 114: 106: 99: 91:floriculture 70: 66: 62: 55:Horticulture 54: 53: 42:, March 2015 5452:Circumpolar 5125:Pollen tube 5120:Pollinators 5110:Pollination 5105:Germination 4920:Respiration 4903:Chlorophyll 4749:Pedicellate 4683:Gametophyte 4602:Aestivation 4553:Antheridium 4548:Archegonium 4396:Plasmodesma 4373:Plant cells 4236:Paleobotany 4231:Ethnobotany 4216:Astrobotany 4030:WikiProject 3954:smokejumper 3934:Firefighter 3897:Occupations 3881:Woodworking 3462:Forestation 3393:restoration 3348:informatics 3213:Ecoforestry 3065:WikiProject 2834:Monoculture 2829:Viticulture 2807:agriculture 2767:propagation 2707:Hügelkultur 2629:sustainable 2614:Agriculture 2556:Therapeutic 2536:Shakespeare 2347:Renaissance 2139:Xeriscaping 2134:Sustainable 2129:Square foot 2119:Proplifting 2084:Garden tool 2052:Foodscaping 1426:(1): 1–13. 861:Sunday Best 732:Landscaping 704:Hoe-farming 500:poly houses 492:greenhouses 436:Temperature 392:Propagation 237:greenhouses 181:maintenance 163:landscaping 102:agriculture 87:landscaping 79:propagation 5519:Categories 5499:Industrial 5147:Microspore 5137:Sporangium 5115:Artificial 4803:Sporophyte 4798:Sporophyll 4793:Receptacle 4688:Gynandrium 4558:Androecium 4467:Vegetative 4337:Angiosperm 4332:Gymnosperm 4226:Dendrology 3976:Lumberjack 3971:Log scaler 3854:engineered 3805:non-timber 3778:sawmilling 3730:Industries 3697:svedjebruk 3408:transition 3388:protection 3378:old-growth 3363:governance 3318:Dendrology 3268:management 3134:Ministries 2727:Indigenous 2624:stock-free 2596:Zoological 2476:Pollinator 2369:Greenhouse 2312:Sharawadgi 2300:Vietnamese 2261:East Asian 2169:Australian 2124:Raised bed 2089:Green wall 1876:2016-06-11 1851:2016-06-11 1826:2021-08-19 1797:2021-08-19 1768:2012-10-26 1743:2016-06-11 1718:2018-01-13 1689:2016-07-13 1660:2024-03-06 1635:2022-12-07 1513:1109725060 1476:2022-12-07 1401:1124761701 1368:1061148070 1302:1251764903 1268:2022-12-07 1230:2022-12-06 1201:2022-12-07 1163:2022-12-07 950:2016-06-11 769:References 510:Challenges 284:landscaper 270:, grower, 223:and other 201:vegetables 5457:Subarctic 5344:Botanists 5262:Herbarium 5159:Megaspore 5057:Evolution 5000:Subshrubs 4968:and habit 4893:Nutrition 4888:Cellulose 4883:Bulk flow 4866:Materials 4829:Epidermis 4693:Gynoecium 4674:Endosperm 4669:Dispersal 4585:Staminode 4521:Sessility 4509:Cataphyll 4429:Mesophyll 4381:Cell wall 4322:Lycophyte 4302:Bryophyte 4256:Geobotany 4241:Phycology 3924:Ecologist 3837:Tree farm 3738:Coppicing 3680:chitemene 3580:Acid rain 3528:allometry 3450:SmartWood 3398:secondary 3383:pathology 3358:inventory 3296:driftwood 3162:Arbor Day 2998:Perennial 2961:Floristry 2908:Pesticide 2888:Herbicide 2883:Fungicide 2777:hardiness 2541:Shrubbery 2521:Sculpture 2342:landscape 2271:Cantonese 2246:Container 2241:Community 2209:Byzantine 2204:Butterfly 2194:Botanical 2094:Guerrilla 2042:Community 2032:Butterfly 2027:Arboretum 2022:Allotment 2014:Gardening 2006:gardening 1625:232302738 1609:0021-8561 1570:248462799 1562:2468-0141 1466:202847840 1458:2468-0141 1335:939553708 689:Gardening 469:aquaponic 360:sapodilla 241:vineyards 233:nurseries 148:gardening 75:gardening 59:etymology 5530:Agronomy 5467:Pastoral 5384:Category 5304:Forestry 5294:Agronomy 5287:Practice 5238:Cultivar 5233:Cultigen 5093:timeline 4985:Rosettes 4873:Aleurone 4849:Trichome 4766:Perianth 4578:Filament 4436:Meristem 4359:glossary 4221:Bryology 4125:Category 3939:handcrew 3909:Arborist 3904:Forester 3864:mahogany 3810:palm oil 3800:charcoal 3785:Products 3720:Wildfire 3533:breeding 3494:GM trees 3343:dynamics 3155:Journals 3148:Colleges 3108:Forestry 3041:Category 2951:Features 2857:Grafting 2817:forestry 2799:Tropical 2784:Pomology 2757:cuttings 2752:breeding 2586:Wildlife 2566:Tropical 2516:Scottish 2466:Pleasure 2454:Paradise 2449:Charbagh 2419:Monastic 2414:Medieval 2324:Floating 2278:Japanese 2229:Communal 2219:Colonial 2184:Biblical 2149:Types of 2114:Parterre 1870:Archived 1845:Archived 1820:Archived 1791:Archived 1762:Archived 1737:Archived 1712:Archived 1683:Archived 1629:Archived 1617:33734711 1470:Archived 1262:Archived 1224:Archived 1195:Archived 1157:Archived 839:April 3, 674:Agronomy 632:See also 575:and the 276:arborist 268:gardener 245:orchards 231:spaces, 5487:Complex 5462:Nomadic 5447:Montane 5062:Ecology 4819:Cuticle 4649:Capsule 4639:Anatomy 4590:Tapetum 4514:Petiole 4489:Rhizome 4484:Rhizoid 4411:Tissues 4401:Vacuole 4391:Plastid 4193:Outline 4188:History 4135:Outline 3949:lookout 3944:hotshot 3825:tanbark 3795:biomass 3790:biochar 3768:plywood 3753:Logging 3657:wilding 3306:log jam 3263:Ecology 3053:Commons 2966:Ikebana 2918:Pruning 2844:Organic 2794:Roguing 2680:Cutting 2571:Victory 2546:Spanish 2526:Sensory 2471:Prairie 2439:Persian 2429:Orchard 2394:Kitchen 2389:Keyhole 2384:Italian 2379:Islamic 2374:Hanging 2333:French 2319:Fernery 2307:English 2266:Chinese 2251:Cottage 2179:Baroque 2151:gardens 2104:History 1540:Bibcode 1428:Bibcode 411:asexual 407:species 348:avocado 322:biochar 290:History 205:flowers 67:cultura 63:hortus, 5482:Feudal 5366:Plants 5269:(IAPT) 5022:Lianas 4990:Shrubs 4942:Starch 4834:Nectar 4754:Raceme 4720:Stigma 4708:Locule 4698:Carpel 4659:Pyrena 4597:Flower 4573:Anther 4568:Stamen 4563:Pollen 4285:groups 4177:Botany 3981:Ranger 3929:Feller 3914:Bucker 3820:rubber 3763:lumber 3573:topics 3560:volume 3555:height 3501:i-Tree 3338:Forest 3291:coarse 3286:Debris 3185:dehesa 2803:Urban 2700:Taiwan 2695:Canada 2658:Botany 2651:Saikei 2646:Bonsai 2591:Winter 2576:Walled 2511:School 2506:Sacred 2461:Physic 2424:Mughal 2404:Market 2359:German 2337:formal 2329:Flower 2295:Korean 2214:Cactus 2199:Bottle 2159:Alpine 2109:Native 2062:Garden 2047:Forest 1901:  1623:  1615:  1607:  1568:  1560:  1511:  1501:  1464:  1456:  1399:  1389:  1366:  1356:  1333:  1323:  1300:  1290:  1187:  1149:  1122:  1049:Indeed 997:  972:  940:"ASHS" 919:"ISHS" 875:  790:  611:Kerala 383:Gods. 380:Aztecs 344:papaya 272:farmer 229:garden 197:fruits 127:, The 36:garden 5326:Lists 5243:Group 5166:Spore 5100:Flora 5017:Vines 5012:Trees 4975:Habit 4947:Sugar 4839:Stoma 4781:Sepal 4776:Petal 4771:Tepal 4759:Umbel 4744:Bract 4725:Style 4713:Ovule 4703:Ovary 4644:Berry 4634:Fruit 4627:Whorl 4494:Shoot 4292:Algae 4283:Plant 3815:rayon 3550:girth 3545:crown 3506:urban 3403:stand 3311:slash 3301:large 3172:Types 3120:Index 2747:Plant 2685:Flora 2634:urban 2581:Water 2561:Trial 2531:Shade 2491:Roman 2364:Greek 2354:Front 2256:Dutch 2224:Color 1812:"SPH" 1621:S2CID 1566:S2CID 1462:S2CID 1029:2 May 454:Water 445:Light 356:ceiba 352:cacao 336:milpa 260:Breda 249:parks 221:herbs 217:seeds 5248:Grex 5130:Self 4664:Seed 4526:Stem 4504:Leaf 4479:Root 4474:Bulb 4458:Wood 4419:Cork 4317:Fern 3874:teak 3859:fuel 3849:Wood 3669:REDD 3523:Tree 3440:PEFC 3425:ATFS 2668:Crop 2501:Rose 2496:Roof 2486:Rock 2481:Rain 2444:Bāgh 2409:Mary 2399:Knot 2283:Roji 2174:Back 2004:and 1899:ISBN 1787:IAHS 1613:PMID 1605:ISSN 1558:ISSN 1509:OCLC 1499:ISBN 1454:ISSN 1397:OCLC 1387:ISBN 1364:OCLC 1354:ISBN 1331:OCLC 1321:ISBN 1298:OCLC 1288:ISBN 1185:ISBN 1147:ISBN 1120:ISBN 1057:2024 1031:2019 995:ISBN 970:ISBN 873:ISBN 841:2023 788:ISBN 620:The 597:The 588:York 358:and 340:Maya 299:and 213:nuts 209:turf 179:turf 95:turf 93:and 4937:Sap 4654:Nut 4499:Bud 3445:SFI 3435:FSC 3430:CFS 3368:law 3353:IPM 3265:and 2551:Tea 2288:Zen 2189:Bog 1597:doi 1548:doi 1444:hdl 1436:doi 865:doi 38:in 5521:: 1868:. 1843:. 1818:. 1814:. 1789:. 1785:. 1760:. 1735:. 1710:. 1706:. 1681:. 1677:. 1653:. 1627:. 1619:. 1611:. 1603:. 1593:69 1591:. 1587:. 1564:. 1556:. 1546:. 1534:. 1530:. 1507:. 1485:^ 1468:. 1460:. 1452:. 1442:. 1434:. 1422:. 1418:. 1395:. 1362:. 1329:. 1296:. 1260:. 1256:. 1239:^ 1222:. 1218:. 1193:. 1155:. 1047:. 1017:. 931:^ 910:^ 887:^ 871:. 849:^ 831:. 820:^ 802:^ 617:. 579:. 498:, 494:, 354:, 350:, 346:, 282:, 278:, 274:, 247:, 243:, 239:, 235:, 219:, 215:, 211:, 207:, 203:, 199:, 195:, 123:, 89:, 85:, 81:, 5418:e 5411:t 5404:v 4361:) 4357:( 4169:e 4162:t 4155:v 3100:e 3093:t 3086:v 1994:e 1987:t 1980:v 1905:. 1879:. 1854:. 1829:. 1800:. 1771:. 1746:. 1721:. 1692:. 1663:. 1638:. 1599:: 1572:. 1550:: 1542:: 1536:8 1515:. 1479:. 1446:: 1438:: 1430:: 1424:6 1403:. 1370:. 1337:. 1304:. 1271:. 1233:. 1204:. 1166:. 1128:. 1059:. 1033:. 1003:. 978:. 953:. 881:. 867:: 843:. 796:. 71:. 20:)

Index

Horticultural

garden
Lawrenceville, Georgia

etymology
gardening
propagation
arboriculture
landscaping
floriculture
turf
agriculture
domestication of plants
The Royal Horticultural Society
International Society for Horticultural Science
American Society of Horticultural Science
The Chartered Institute of Horticulture
gardening
plant production and propagation
arboriculture
landscaping
floriculture
garden design
turf
plant conservation
ornamental trees/shrubs/plants
fruits
vegetables
flowers

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