181:
405:
443:
Horelli never admitted the deportation of the Jews was based on their ethnicity. Instead, Horelli claimed that all were convicted criminals calling them "saboteurs, spies and thieves". However, among the deported were two children ages of 2 and 11, and only two of the Jewish adults had criminal
44:
352:
and handed over to
Gestapo. According to the documents found in the Estonian state archives, the Jews were killed just two days later. The intention was to deport all Jews, but the operation was revealed, and because of the intervention of the
451:
Horelli worked as a bank director in Jyväskylä until his retirement in 1951. Horelli spent his last years in
Tampere and died in June 1975 at the age of 86. He is buried to a family grave in the Koomankangas Cemetery in Kokemäki.
424:
to be included on the list of war criminals, but the Soviet Union never made a claim to the
Finnish government. This was most likely because the Soviets focused on people who had committed war crimes against their own citizens.
460:
Horelli married Lempi
Josefina Lehtonen (1889–1967) in 1917. The couple had two children. His brothers were the professor Väinö Horelli (1882–1973) and the physician Edvard Johan Horelli (1871–1946) who was interested in
344:. Approximately 350 refugees had entered Finland of which some 150 were Jews. As Finland joined the war in 1941, Germany was pressing the Finnish government to hand over the Jewish refugees. The matter was discussed on
432:. Horelli refused to tell on whose initiative the Jews were deported, saying he would only answer the question in the State court. According to Brusiin, Horelli was openly antisemitic using constantly the racial slur ″
348:'s visit in the summer of 1942, and soon Horelli and Anthony secretly ordered the deportation of 27 refugees, including 8 Jews. On 8 November 1942, they were shipped to the Estonian capital
985:
980:
975:
243:
to the family of Johan
Fredrik Mäki-Horelli (1844–1931) and Amanda Giers (1850–1922). His father was an uneducated farmer who represented the estate of peasants in the
1000:
321:. During his term, Horelli refused to handle the applications for citizenship by people of Jewish origin, and clashed with trade union leaders like
970:
965:
428:
Horelli only appeared in the court as a witness when
Anthoni was put on trial for misconduct. Before the trial he was questioned by
298:
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1010:
990:
876:
496:
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in March 1943. The German-minded
Horelli couldn't hold his post in the new cabinet as its main task was to make peace with the
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55:
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340:
In
November 1942, Horelli and Arno Anthoni deported a group of refugees who had fled Germany after the 1938
1035:
448:
laws. According to the
Finnish immigration laws, these offenses were not a justification for deportation.
610:
Silvennonen, Oula (2013). "Beyond ″Those Eight″ : Deportation of Jews from
Finland 1941–1942".
444:
record; one had a 10-month prison term for smuggling, and another had been fined for breaking the
17:
1015:
588:
417:
301:
but stayed loyal to the National Coalition Party. Horelli was elected to the parliament in the
259:
215:
133:
271:
200:
950:
945:
916:
Intercultural Transfers and the Making of the Modern World, 1800–2000: Sources and Contexts
369:
97:
8:
322:
218:, were responsible for the deportation of German refugees that were handed over to the
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358:
330:
267:
297:, although he was not an active member, neither did he join its political successor
852:
Ne kahdeksan ja Suomen omatunto : Suomesta 1942 luovutetut juutalaispakolaiset
345:
729:
The Terrible Secret : Suppression of the Truth About Hitler's Final Solution
389:
377:
362:
244:
898:
421:
318:
294:
287:
263:
78:
279:
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566:(in Finnish). Kokemäki: The municipality and parish of Kokemäki. p. 32.
373:
90:
313:
Horelli became the Minister of the Interior in March 1943. He was pro-Nazi,
546:
429:
381:
211:
180:
682:
Kuoleman laiva S/S Hohenhörn : juutalaispakolaisten kohtalo Suomessa
255:
222:
in November 1942. Eight of the deported were Jews who were killed by the
658:
404:
396:
due to their wartime action, and Horelli decided to leave the politics.
240:
129:
314:
185:
766:
Global Perspectives on the Holocaust : History, Identity, Legacy
445:
392:
requested that certain persons would not stand as a candidate on the
341:
462:
325:. In the fall of 1942, Horelli made a requisition for awarding the
349:
283:
223:
195:(11 October 1888 – 28 June 1975) was a Finnish politician of the
149:
782:
43:
803:
Finland in World War II : History, Memory, Interpretations
413:
275:
433:
251:
219:
706:"Suomen luovuttamat juutalaislapset ammuttiin Tallinnassa"
768:. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 82.
239:
Horelli was born in the Western Finnish municipality of
819:
745:
326:
564:
Joki ja sen väki II : Kokemäen historia 1870–2010
551:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava. 1954. pp. 233–234.
420:
wanted Horelli, Anthoni and the State Police officer
831:
499:(in Finnish). The National Coalition Party Archives
293:In the early 1930s, Horelli supported the fascist
903:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava. 1934. p. 221.
874:
854:(in Finnish). Espoo: Weilin + Göös. p. 230.
986:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1939–1945)
981:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1936–1939)
976:Members of the Parliament of Finland (1933–1936)
937:
877:"Sattumaltako juutalaispakolaiset luovutettiin?"
801:Holmila, Antero (2011). "Varieties of Silence".
684:(in Finnish). Helsinki: WSOY. pp. 169–170.
763:
656:
274:. After serving the provincial governments in
661:(in Swedish). Biografiskt lexikon för Finland
586:
184:A 1941 cabinet meeting held by the president
1001:People of the Finnish Civil War (White side)
764:Rupprecht, Nancy E.; Koenig, Wendy (2015).
609:
494:
918:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 75.
849:
42:
522:. New York, NY: Peter Lang. p. 165.
708:(in Finnish). Iltalehti. 14 October 2010
612:Finland's Holocaust: Silences of History
403:
179:
110:1 September 1933 – 5 April 1945
800:
726:
386:Second deputy speaker of the Parliament
282:, Horelli worked as a bank director in
14:
938:
805:. Leiden; Boston: Brill. p. 530.
589:"Finland's Tarnished Holocaust Record"
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
591:. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
561:
541:
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520:Aspects of the Governing of the Finns
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971:Ministers of the interior of Finland
966:National Coalition Party politicians
913:
837:
825:
788:
751:
679:
388:. In April 1945, the prime minister
731:. New York, NY: Holt. p. 161.
475:
412:Horelli never faced a court trial.
98:Member of the Parliament of Finland
68:13 May 1941 – 5 March 1943
56:Minister of the Interior of Finland
24:
536:
335:Order of the White Rose of Finland
188:. Toivo Horelli first on the left.
25:
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408:Horelli family grave in Kokemäki.
399:
907:
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868:
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587:Beizer, Serah (31 March 2007).
495:Uola, Mikko (5 December 2008).
365:the deportations were stopped.
1021:Finnish people of World War II
673:
650:
628:
614:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
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580:
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13:
1:
1011:Finnish murderers of children
991:University of Helsinki alumni
638:. Chabad Lubavitch of Finland
468:
368:After the German loss in the
234:
207:from May 1941 to March 1943.
961:20th-century Finnish lawyers
384:. He was now elected as the
7:
791:, p. 169–170, 241–243.
10:
1052:
875:Ylikangas, Heikki (2005).
850:Rautkallio, Hannu (1985).
308:
250:Horelli went to school in
900:Who's Who in Finland 1934
548:Who's Who in Finland 1954
497:"Horelli, Toivo Johannes"
455:
262:and earned the degree of
199:. He was a member of the
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84:
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41:
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727:Laqueur, Walter (1998).
657:Bergholm, Tapio (2014).
258:in 1907. He entered the
205:Minister of the Interior
197:National Coalition Party
161:National Coalition Party
956:Antisemitism in Finland
270:Horelli fought for the
229:
1031:Holocaust perpetrators
1006:Finnish mass murderers
562:Hoppu, Tuomas (2011).
518:Maude, George (2010).
409:
260:University of Helsinki
214:, the director of the
203:in 1933–1945, and the
193:Toivo Johannes Horelli
189:
134:Grand Duchy of Finland
1026:Finnish war criminals
914:Adam, Thomas (2011).
407:
372:, the prime minister
266:in 1917. In the 1918
201:Parliament of Finland
183:
996:People from Kokemäki
879:(in Finnish). Kanava
680:Sana, Elina (2004).
370:Battle of Stalingrad
254:graduating from the
216:Finnish State Police
1036:Refugees in Finland
828:, p. 144–145.
754:, p. 246–247.
410:
190:
29:Finnish politician
925:978-023-02435-4-5
812:978-900-42089-4-0
775:978-144-38760-6-3
738:978-080-50598-4-7
636:"Jewish Refugees"
621:978-113-73026-4-9
573:978-952-99941-3-7
529:978-143-31071-3-9
355:Social Democratic
331:Martin Sandberger
268:Finnish Civil War
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16:(Redirected from
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119:Personal details
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363:K.-A. Fagerholm
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245:Diet of Finland
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264:Master of Laws
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36:Toivo Horelli
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881:. Retrieved
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593:. Retrieved
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501:. Retrieved
459:
450:
442:
437:
436:″ (Finnish:
430:Otto Brusiin
427:
411:
382:Soviet Union
367:
359:Väinö Tanner
339:
312:
292:
290:since 1929.
249:
238:
212:Arno Anthoni
210:Horelli and
209:
192:
191:
145:(1975-06-28)
143:28 June 1975
105:
86:Succeeded by
63:
26:
951:1975 deaths
946:1888 births
838:Sana (2004)
826:Sana (2004)
789:Sana (2004)
752:Sana (2004)
280:Hämeenlinna
272:White Guard
256:Pori Lyceum
74:Preceded by
940:Categories
469:References
329:commander
315:antisemite
235:Early life
186:Risto Ryti
167:Profession
883:4 October
712:4 October
665:4 October
642:4 October
595:4 October
503:4 October
446:rationing
342:Anschluss
333:with the
288:Jyväskylä
152:, Finland
106:In office
64:In office
463:eugenics
416:and the
241:Kokemäki
130:Kokemäki
350:Tallinn
309:Wartime
284:Tampere
224:Gestapo
150:Tampere
18:Horelli
922:
858:
809:
772:
735:
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618:
570:
526:
456:Family
414:Poland
276:Vyborg
170:Lawyer
438:jutku
220:Nazis
920:ISBN
885:2018
856:ISBN
807:ISBN
770:ISBN
733:ISBN
714:2018
686:ISBN
667:2018
644:2018
616:ISBN
597:2018
568:ISBN
524:ISBN
505:2018
434:kike
361:and
317:and
286:and
278:and
252:Pori
230:Life
140:Died
124:Born
440:).
299:IKL
942::
538:^
477:^
465:.
337:.
327:SS
305:.
247:.
226:.
132:,
928:.
887:.
864:.
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778:.
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716:.
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646:.
624:.
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576:.
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507:.
20:)
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