Culture of Hong Kong

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educated among these migrants felt much resentment for having to stay in Hong Kong, a "land of Southern Barbarians". Many of their works revolved around expressing such sentiments. Starting from the 1960s, however, Hong Kong developed in such a high pace that writers started writing about Hong Kong herself, with topics ranging from local current events and cultures. Nowadays, Hong Kong literature has been fully developed, with numerous prolific writers producing works such as proses and novels. Hong Kong literature is characterised by its heavy use of daily life scenarios - meaning that romance, humour, and satires are popular genres, although Hong Kong has also produced several prominent

1376: 2150: 893: 2100: 2880: 2162: 846: 1761: 2287: 3055: 3071: 2775: 2907: 2267: 870: 2474: 2865: 35: 2992: 952: 2892: 2069: 2823: 1001: 3039: 2120: 83: 2950: 2252: 1285:, the center of Lingnan culture. It primarily involves a specific set of techniques that enable Cantonese to get various colours onto white porcelain, resulting in porcelain products that are unusually bright and colourful. Hong Kongers has worked on Canton porcelain in the early 20th century and exported their products even to the Western world. Nowadays, however, as the city has shifted her focus to service and finance, it is mostly hobbyists who would spend time on this style of porcelain art. 748: 968: 2850: 384: 2921: 1345: 5877: 3122: 3090: 1421:; Traditional Chinese: 粵語流行曲), also called HK-pop, has dominated and become synonymous with local music culture since its birth in Hong Kong, though the gradual fall of Cantopop in the mid-1990s had given rise to other forms of pop culture, mainly Japanese, Korean, and western music. Still, Cantopop enjoys considerable popularity in Cantonese communities across the world. Nowadays, the global influence of Mandarin has slightly influenced the style. 5887: 1395: 1628:

in the form of tapes, then VCD/CDs. Hong Kong was the powerhouse for producing a large number of soap opera TV series in Cantonese dialect. However, the gradual demise of ATV and eventually, TVB, because of worsening quality of TV shows and dramas resulted in greater preference for those produced in China and other Asian nations, namely South Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese TV shows, which now dominate the latest TV trends in Hong Kong.

1360: 1637: 2054: 629:, the government has adopted the "biliterate and trilingual" (Jyutping: Loeng man saam jyu; Traditional Chinese: 兩文三語, literally "two writing systems and three languages") policy. Under this principle, "Chinese" (somewhat ambiguously) and English must both be acknowledged as official languages, with Cantonese being acknowledged as the de facto official (at least spoken) variety of Chinese in Hong Kong, while also accepting the use of 1316:, originating in southern China's Cantonese culture. Like all branches of Han Chinese opera, it is an art form involving music, singing, martial arts, acrobatics, and acting. Features particular to Cantonese opera include being sung in the Cantonese language, plus its heavy use of makeup and headdresses. Cantonese opera also uses a distinct set of musical instruments. Hong Kong also has a distinct style of Cantonese opera (Jyutping: 648: 1173: 1947: 2312: 2791: 2513: 2802: 1236:; Traditional Chinese: 香港漫畫) are Hong Kong-based comic books that have provided an avenue of expression long before the arrival of television. While readership has fluctuated through different decades, the art form is one of the most consistent in terms of providing highly affordable entertainment. Hong Kong comics are regularly available at news stands in most street corners. Characters such as 1190:; Traditional Chinese: 塗鴉) is abundant on Hong Kong streets. The Hong Kong style of graffiti art ranges from calligraphy using Chinese characters to satires against politicians. It is technically illegal in Hong Kong, but lax law enforcement results in the proliferation of graffiti art. Nowadays, graffiti art is omnipresent in the streets of Hong Kong, especially in the busier districts such as 2406:; Traditional Chinese: 問米) has long been a tradition in Hong Kong. It is often common for living people to want to ask dead people about their lives in the underworld. In these rituals, people bring paper-made garments, paper-made money, and paper-made food to burn them, traditionally believing that this could pass the objects to dead people and give the latter a more comfortable afterlife. 3101: 2011:

curry pig skins, pig-blood jelly, red bean, green bean sweet soup, siu mai, etc. However, after the 1990s, due to food safety regulations, traffic laws and the like, hawkers started to disappear. They were then replaced by licensed food stores making similar types of snacks. These traditional street foods are still delightful for many Hong Kong people and tourists alike.

690:; Traditional Chinese: 香港人), to distinguish themselves from the Han Chinese from mainland China (whose culture developed independently). The sense of Hong Kong people asserting their unique identity and nationality has increased over time. This is due to the rising phenomena of conflicts between Hong Kongers and the Mainlanders. 2161: 1448:. The Orchestra was originally called the Sino-British Orchestra, it was renamed the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra in 1957 and became a professional orchestra in 1974. The Orchestra is currently under the direction of Music Director Jaap van Zweden. It won the Gramophone Orchestra of the Year Award 2019. 684:

education, languages, cuisines, and the way of thinking. It is for this reason that many Hong Kongers are proud of their culture (such as the Cantonese language, which has a 1000-year-long history and a rich heritage of traditional songs and poems) and generally refer themselves as "Hongkongers" (Jyutping:

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region still tend to use Vernacular Chinese, a writing system based on Mandarin, not Cantonese (i.e., the peoples' language in the Lingnan region), in writing. Hong Kong is no exception. The vast majority of works of Hong Kong literature were composed in Vernacular Chinese. However, starting from the

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where they can obtain a master's degree, bachelor honours degree in Music majoring in a musical instrument. There are also part-time courses offered by the academy accredited by the Hong Kong Council for Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications. Many graduates have become professional

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156 years of rule as a separate British colony, as well as political separation from the rest of Lingnan have resulted in a unique local identity. Elements of traditional Cantonese culture combined with British influences have shaped Hong Kong in every aspect of the city, spanning from law, politics,

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have been fairly popular during 1970s to mid 2000. They have contributed to a unique cultural identity among the Hong Kongers and served as a cultural resource for the Cantonese community worldwide. Many of the well known dramas were exported to South East Asian countries, the US, Canada and the UK

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Another Hong Kong speciality is street foods. Before the 1990s, street foods were offered by hawkers, who are vendors with little carts moving around the streets and selling their traditional snacks. The best known Hong Kong street foods are curry fish balls, soya-braised cuttlefish, stinky tofu,

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This tradition originated from the Warring States period in China, at about 476 BCE. This is a common ancient practice in certain parts of Southern China and Hong Kong. However, the number of shops supporting this has been on the decline as people increasingly view this as superstition nowadays.

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Hong Kong literature is the literature produced in Hong Kong. It started in the early 20th century, where successive waves of migrants from mainland China (mostly of Cantonese ancestry) moved to the British-controlled city in their attempts to escape from the then war-torn China. At first, the

2003:; Traditional Chinese: 茶餐廳, literally "tea restaurant") came from bing sutt ("ice chamber"). In these "tea restaurants", various set meals are served throughout the day for breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, and dinner, providing eastern (mostly Cantonese) cuisines, British foods such as 1441:

Western classical music is also widely appreciated by many Hong Kong people. Many schools provide free musical instrument lessons to their students. There are also quite a number of professional, amateur and student orchestras performing regularly. The best known orchestra is the

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into an international financial city, many middle class individuals yearned for Western or international lifestyles and culture. The mix of east and west, old and new, has offered Hong Kong people a diverse variety of choices but at the same time confusions. The rapid growth and

835:. The former is due to the presence of a large number of people with Cantonese ancestry, and the latter is most commonly seen in government buildings due to the Britons being the rulers of the city. Hong Kong's indigenous peoples also have their own styles, namely walled villages and 1821:

In the early 2000s, Hong Kong had two main broadcast television stations, TVB and ATV. The latter was closed in 2016 after a long series of financial issues, and the refusal of the government to renew its broadcasting license. The former, launched in 1967, was the territory's first

1468:, also called the Hong Kong Doctors Orchestra is an orchestra formed in 1989 by a group of doctors who loved classical music. This orchestra has performed in many charity events every year. Its aim is to care for patients and the society, not just by medicines, but also by music. 2204:, which occurs approximately a month after Gregorian New Year, variably in late January or early February. In Lunar New Year, Hong Kong people also go to flower fairs by tradition during Lunar New Year, much like Cantonese from the mainland. Other Han Chinese events include the 3940: 700:

surveyed Hong Kong residents about how they defined themselves. In its latest poll published in June 2022, 39.1% of respondents identified as Hong Konger, 31.4% as Hong Konger in China, 17.6% as Chinese, 10.9% as Chinese in Hong Kong, and 42.4% as mixed identity. In a 2023

1205: 1985:. Hong Kong cuisine, which is influenced by both Western (mainly British) and Chinese (mainly Cantonese) cultures, is very diverse. Despite these, it is not simply a collection of cuisine from other regions of the world, but also has its own style: an example would be 2485:

Hong Kong, nicknamed "shopping paradise", is well known for its shopping district with multiple department stores. Many imported goods transported to Hong Kong have lower tax duties than the international standard, making most items affordable for the general public.

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is an icon of Hong Kong, being one of the oldest public transport systems in the city and used to be one of the only ways to get from Hong Kong Island and Kowloon. The star ferry is still popular today providing iconic sights and perspectives from the

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can be played for pleasure or with money at stake, with many mahjong parlours available. However, mahjong parlours are slowly diminishing as licences are no longer obtainable and, as a result, many old mahjong parlours have been forced to close.

2388:, which comprehend the worship of local gods and ancestors, in many cases not declaring this practice as a religious affiliation in surveys. The traditional Cantonese religiosity, including Mahayana Buddhism, was generally discouraged during the 3929: 845: 2199:

There are some distinctive holidays that are celebrated in Hong Kong as a part of eastern culture, and not generally in western countries, except among certain overseas Chinese (especially Cantonese) communities. The best-known is

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has a focus on twentieth- and twenty-first-century visual culture, including design, architecture, and Hong Kong visual culture. At the international level, Hong Kong hosts the leading contemporary art fair

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According to official statistics for the year 2010, about 50% of the utter population belongs to organised religions, specifically there are: 1.5 million Hong Kong Buddhists, 1 million Taoists, 480,000

2837: 2629:. Groups of people practice the style in parks early in the morning. Many forms of martial arts are also passed down from different generations of Cantonese ancestry. (Mainly Cantonese) Styles like 951: 2541:

have given a rather glamorous image to gambling in Hong Kong. However, gambling is legal only at three established and licensed institutions approved and supervised by the government of Hong Kong:

3003: 593:(Jyutping: Wai tau waa; Traditional Chinese: 圍頭話), another of Hong Kong's indigenous languages, is mostly spoken by the older generation living in walled villages in New Territories. Lastly, the 540:

One distinctive trait of Hong Kong's Cantonese is that, due to British cultural influences, Hong Kongers are noted to have a habit of sprinkling their Cantonese with English words, resulting in

1543:; Cantonese: 港產片) industry has been one of the most successful worldwide, especially during the second half of the 20th century. Having received international recognition for directors such as 1830:(via cable). Paid cable and satellite television have also been widespread. Hong Kong's soap dramas, comedy series, and a variety of shows have reached mass audiences throughout the world of 1563:

overseas, historically most of whom have been of Cantonese ancestry and enjoy Cantonese-language entertainment. Many other Hong Kongers actors have transitioned over to Hollywood, including

2392:, which favoured Christianity. With the end of British rule and the handover of the sovereignty of the city-state to China, there has been a revival of Buddhism and Chinese folk religions. 3718: 2651:

Despite limited land resources, Hong Kong continues to offer recreational and competitive sports. Locally, sports in Hong Kong is described as "Club Life". Major multipurpose venues like

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survey, adults in Hong Kong were most likely to identify as both Chinese and Hong Konger (53%), followed by those who identify primarily a Hong Konger (36%), and solely as Chinese (10%).

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and video games are popular, with Japan being a major source of digital entertainment for cultural and proximity reasons. There are also popular local inventions such as the video game

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Academic Kam Louie described Hong Kong's colonial past as creating a "translation space where Chinese-ness was interpreted for 'Westerners' and Western-ness translated for Chinese."

2234: 1708:. There are also many government-supported theater companies. More recently, in 2014, Hong Kong had had its first outdoor Shakespeare festival, Shakespeare in the Port performed at 1457:(Chinese: 香港小交響樂團). Established in 1990, one of its main focuses of HK Sinfonietta is to promote classical music to the general public. In 2002, the conductor and music director 2381:, and other smaller communities. A significant amount of the adherents of non-indigenous Chinese religions, in some cases the majority, are Hong Kong citizens of non-Han descent. 869: 2891: 2286: 277: 4520: 2084: 4277: 2979: 4445: 525:

being one of Hong Kong's biggest trade partners and the popularity of Japanese pop culture in the city in the past few decades. Nevertheless, Hong Kong Cantonese is still

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is a popular social activity. Family and friends may play for hours at festivals and on public holidays in homes and mahjong parlours. The sight of elderly men playing

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ritual traditions. In their Taoist traditions, Hong Kongers also show Cantonese characteristics. They, like the Cantonese people in the mainland, traditionally worship

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Except for the above, Hong Kong also has available different kinds of performing arts, including drama, dance, and theater. Hong Kong is home to the first full-time

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Structurally, one of the first laws to define people's relationships was the Hong Kong Matrimonial Ordinance passed in 1972. The law set the precedent of banning

4414: 2266: 3436: 481:. In addition, immigrants and expatriates from the West and other Asian countries have contributed much to Hong Kong's linguistic and demographic diversity. 4985: 3647: 3022: 270: 4624: 4568: 4467: 4075: 675:

have been becoming more prevalent since the turn of the 21st century, especially in less formal spheres such as internet forums and advertisements.

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commercial station, and is currently the predominant TV station in the city and can also been seen in the neighbouring Gwongdung province and

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In terms of architecture, Hong Kong shows Cantonese, British, and indigenous influences. She has several styles of architecture, most notably

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in Hong Kong, being one of the indigenous languages for Hong Kong indigenous peoples. Hakka is, like Cantonese and Mandarin, a member of the

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provides the only legal avenue for horse racing and gambling to locals, mostly middle-aged males. The club was established in 1844 by the

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animations, China has been trying hard to revitalise the industry. Hong Kong has made contributions in recent years with productions like

4965: 2589:. In 1975, lottery Mark Six was introduced. And in 2002, the Club offered wagerings for football world championship games including the 1461:(葉詠詩) joined the orchestra as the first woman conductor in Hong Kong. She has broadened the base of classical music lovers in the city. 2726:(released in 1978, 1980 and 1983 respectively). The games were so popular Pac-Man was featured in the 1983 animated film version of the 4760: 3798: 3307: 1201:

Nowadays, many Hong Kongers have started regarding graffiti arts as a symbol of their city and host activities promoting graffiti art.

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in Kam Tin; Hong Kong indigenous people built walled villages to protect themselves from rampant privates between 15th to 19th century.

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There are many special foods and drinks in Hong Kong. Hong Kong-style Cantonese pastries are made by most bakeries in Hong Kong, like

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DeWolf, Christopher, Ozawa, Izzy, Lam, Tiffany, Lau, Virginia, & Li, Zoe. (2010). 40 Hong Kong foods we can't live without. From

4272: 2149: 2068: 1503: 3579: 766:" carry significant weight in the minds of the people. Hong Kong's mainstream culture is derived from and heavily influenced by the 3550:

Chen, M., & Newman, J. (1984). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part I). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 12(1), 148-97.

3231: 2419: 1326:. The art form carries a national identity that goes as far back as the first wave of immigrants to arrive in the 1950s. Nowadays, 3054: 2864: 54:

Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.

5791: 5113: 4995: 4694: 1194:. The work of Tsang Tsou Choi, one of the most prominent Hong Kong graffiti artists, even had his work sold for more than 50,000 1051:, aims to promote visual arts in Hong Kong by providing a platform for art exhibitions, forums and other art-related activities. 4441: 4298:

Snow, D. (2004). Cantonese as written language: The growth of a written Chinese vernacular (Vol. 1). Hong Kong University Press.

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Chen, M. Y., & Newman, J. (1985). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part 3). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 122-170.

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Chen, M. Y., & Newman, J. (1984). From Middle Chinese to Modern Cantonese (Part 2). Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 334-388.

2497:. Shops from the lowest end to the most upscale pack the streets in close proximity. Some popular shopping destinations include 1344: 5852: 5260: 5098: 4825: 4785: 3829: 967: 348: 4735:, a growing collection of full-text publications (currently 1,850+) published between 1946 and 1997. Developed by HKBU Library 3766: 3189: 2822: 4655: 4550: 3535: 3493: 3070: 1472: 810: 537:

of Cantonese ancestry. Cantonese is also the primary language used in Hong Kong cultural products (pop songs, movies, etc.).

1256: 5516: 902:; Being a former British colony, Hong Kong naturally has a lot of British architecture, especially in government buildings. 2920: 5766: 3975: 3342: 1715:

The following performing artist groups originated from and based in Hong Kong have seen modest success even beyond Asia:

1834:, primarily Cantonese communities. Many international and pan-Asian broadcasters are also based in Hong Kong, including 5349: 5136: 4598: 3038: 2633:, snake fist, and crane are some of the most recognised. The atmosphere is also distinct as people practice outdoor in 1359: 708:

Hong Kong's 'identity crisis' did not arise only because of conflicts between 'original' Hong Kong people and mainland

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in Wanchai offers a variety of performance venues and galleries, and is supportive of other arts organisations, while

5811: 3823: 3702: 3295: 2140: 2119: 1705: 617:; Traditional Chinese: 蜑家話), with their own version of Cantonese, is another form of Hong Kong indigenous languages. 69: 17: 2991: 5078: 4842: 4230: 3697:

Chou, Wah-Shan. Zhou, Huashan. (2000). Tongzhi: Politics of Same-Sex Eroticism in Chinese Societies. Haorth Press

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released in 1994 influenced youth fashion for years and at least 30 local "kung fu comics" were based on the game.

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only. Other economic changes include families in need of assistance due to both parents working. In particular,

5174: 5108: 5053: 4753: 1878:, a writer of romance and proses; Notable works include "Women on the Breadfruit Tree" and "For Love or Money". 660: 2906: 2745:

enjoyed unprecedented success and unlicensed film adaptations and comics flooded the market, including one by

2251: 2007:, and Hong Kong foods, such as Hong Kong-style French toast, Hong Kong drinks, Yin-Yeung, and iced lemon tea. 1791:

and celebrity gossips. While the practice is criticised, it continues to sell papers. The media is relatively

509:, it is the most widely spoken language in Hong Kong nowadays. The Hong Kong style of Cantonese contains many 5911: 5235: 5000: 4960: 4955: 4935: 4620: 4572: 4471: 4091: 4073: 2656: 1620: 1085: 604: 352: 4385: 4257: 2949: 327:; Traditional Chinese: 粵英薈萃). As an international financial center dubbed "Asia's World City", contemporary 5601: 5436: 5399: 5296: 5028: 4830: 3179: 2616: 2194: 2190: 2106: 942: 562: 395: 190: 3602: 2849: 1587:. The latter is said to have its own style of humour, which has been termed "Hong Kong humour" (Jyutping: 668: 5847: 5265: 5207: 4915: 1812: 1719: 1351: 1073: 587:, differing from Cantonese also in terms of traditional architecture, music, cuisine, and other customs. 541: 142: 3290:

Lilley, Rozanna. (1998) Staging Hong Kong: Gender and Performance in Transition. University of Hawaii.

2459:. Nowadays, soaring popularity of home video game consoles have somewhat diminished the arcade culture. 5806: 5711: 5255: 5169: 4970: 4940: 4910: 3527: 1780: 1683: 1614: 1132: 1048: 667:, the language in which government documents and most works of literature are written. With the aid of 506: 48: 4027: 1429:

is gaining ground. Most artists are essentially multilingual, singing in both Cantonese and Mandarin.

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in Hong Kong. As the majority of the population in Hong Kong are descendants of migrants from China's

347:, whose cultures all play integral parts in modern-day Hong Kong culture. As a result, after the 1997 5419: 5374: 5314: 5291: 5245: 4975: 4945: 4920: 4746: 4499: 3226: 3204: 2955: 1958: 1493: 1244:

and many others have showcased Han Chinese artwork and stories (especially Cantonese ones). Japanese

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has also absorbed many international influences from around the world. Moreover, Hong Kong also has

5816: 5533: 5509: 5329: 5202: 5093: 5083: 4950: 4715: 3906: 3880: 3214: 2970: 2258: 2230: 2226: 2126: 1547:, it has remained a moderate level of prominence despite a severe slump starting in the mid-1990s. 1323: 859:; It clearly shows traits of classical Lingnan style - pale colour, rectangular structures, use of 742: 43: 4334: 4308: 774:("Gwongdung" in Cantonese) and their culture, which is considerably different from those of other 5761: 5726: 5681: 5466: 5461: 5187: 5123: 5058: 5018: 4723: 3851: 3076: 2630: 2578: 1772: 1675: 1261: 1026: 899: 751: 697: 356: 210: 127: 1072:. Even in less urban areas of the city, Hong Kongers have also built creative oases such as the 5651: 5646: 5541: 5369: 5227: 5151: 5141: 5131: 5068: 5063: 5038: 5033: 4905: 4897: 3093: 3014: 2941: 1760: 1322:; Traditional Chinese: 神功戲, literally "opera using effort of gods") specifically played during 828: 526: 425: 241: 236: 132: 5354: 2606: 5771: 5746: 5661: 5641: 5591: 5561: 5551: 5451: 5441: 5364: 5344: 5339: 5270: 5010: 4872: 4803: 4207: 2570: 2526: 2468: 2444: 2385: 2330: 2306: 1937: 1738: 1453: 1430: 1167: 1124: 1037: 775: 763: 626: 251: 195: 137: 3315: 3104:

Lion Rock is also symbolic of Hong Kong. Hong Kongers has a term - "Beneath the Lion Rock" (

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used to be living spaces of fishermen. Nowadays, they are mostly used for carrying tourists.

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For Hong Kong youths who are interested in becoming professional musicians, they can attend

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in public parks, surrounded by watching crowds, is also common. Other board games such as

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Hong Kong Well-wishing Festival involves locals throwing their wishes onto a wishing tree.

8: 5831: 5801: 5751: 5706: 5686: 5676: 5576: 5502: 5319: 5146: 5043: 5023: 4837: 3673:"What identity crisis? Hongkongers confront questions of belonging after Legco oath saga" 3311: 2781: 2215: 1875: 1580: 1097: 791: 702: 490: 160: 112: 107: 2473: 2167:

Imitation shark fin soup is a popular street snack invented in Hong Kong. It looks like

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is common in Hong Kong. It has both "Western" and Chinese (mainly Cantonese) influences.

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Traditional folksongs in an urban setting: a study of Hakka Shange in Tai Po, Hong Kong

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Hong Kong is called the "Gourmet paradise", with cuisines from many parts of the world.

2652: 2646: 2574: 2172: 2110: 2042:, a cuisine from Hong Kong's walled villages, also sees popularity among Hong Kongers. 1816: 1776: 1755: 1520: 1398: 1299: 664: 496: 200: 180: 175: 122: 34: 4690: 2171:

but doesn't use actual shark fins. The soup is either made with synthetic shark fins,

1277:; Traditional Chinese: 廣彩), also called "Cantonese porcelain", is a distinct style of 5886: 5821: 5756: 5721: 5656: 5636: 5626: 5586: 5571: 5566: 5334: 5197: 5048: 4820: 4651: 3819: 3792: 3698: 3531: 3291: 3264: 3248: 3184: 3135: 3111: 2389: 2338: 2075: 1990: 1919: 1906: 1792: 1649: 1195: 1146:

with experimental techniques and approaches. Prominent artists in this field include

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Rethinking Folk Religion in Hong Kong: Social Capital, Civic Community and the State

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http://travel.cnn.com/hong-kong/none/40-things-eat-hong-kong-coronary-arrest-820489

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invented by Hong Kongers, the Cantonese language can now be written verbatim, and

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on Christmas night; The square has a giant golden statue of the Hong Kong orchid.

2537: 2532: 2366: 2205: 2023: 1977:), fast food, to the rarest delicacies, Hong Kong carries the reputable label of 1868: 1624: 1498: 1327: 1309: 1177: 1142:

Hong Kong is also home to modern ink painting, which infuses traditional Chinese

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http://podcast.rthk.hk/podcast/item_epi.php?pid=315&lang=zh-CN&id=16160

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Martial arts in Hong Kong is accepted as a form of entertainment or exercise.

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Hong Kong also contained some Chinese Renaissance style architectures such as

747: 453:, English was the sole official language until 1978 but has remained a strong 5905: 5880: 2660: 2502: 2452: 2429: 1918:

21st century, Hong Kong, as a cultural center in the region, has developed a

1914: 1723: 1313: 1155: 1147: 1061: 938: 726: 584: 4594: 4049: 4732: 4137: 3010: 2856: 2746: 2731: 2691: 2675: 2582: 2542: 2506: 2456: 2346: 2334: 2273: 1986: 1909:, rather than the peoples' spoken languages. Despite the attempt to create 1598: 1564: 1544: 1458: 1433:, Japanese, Korean, and western music are also popular among Hong Kongers. 1241: 1237: 1143: 1089: 987: 875: 856: 779: 759: 594: 576: 478: 355:, Hong Kong has continued to develop a unique identity under the rubric of 5890: 5471: 2722: 2664: 2494: 2478: 2362: 1823: 1701: 1644:, a Hong Kongers cartoon character; He is now known throughout East Asia. 1552: 1151: 1105: 1081: 1012: 839:. The major architectural styles that can be found in Hong Kong include: 798: 466: 117: 4219: 2885:

Hong Kong is also called the "Shopping paradise", with malls everywhere.

2451:

games available outside Japan. Negative associations were drawn between

2225:

There are also several celebrations found only in Hong Kong, namely the

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first appeared in Hong Kong in the late 1970s. Most games during the

2447:. In the mid 20th century, Hong Kong had some of the most up-to-date 2039: 2031: 1881: 1709: 1560: 1556: 1394: 1282: 1278: 1069: 1057: 771: 725:

happened in the 1960s to 1980s when the world was also influenced by

462: 458: 446: 328: 306: 4727: 4183: 3648:"How people in Hong Kong view mainland China and their own identity" 1775:

publishers distribute and print in numerous languages, most notably

1636: 1127:, including the Lingnan styles of painting and bonsai. For example, 813:

have become an integral part of the household since the late 1980s.

647: 3349: 2717: 2546: 2374: 2325:

Religion in Hong Kong is varied, although most Hong Kongers are of

2219: 2090: 2059: 2027: 2015: 2004: 1893: 1887: 1568: 1422: 1410: 1402: 1209: 1093: 919: 882:; It is also a distinctively Lingnan (Cantonese) building, being a 806: 510: 469:

varieties as a first language, with smaller numbers of speakers of

318: 5494: 3390:"Hongkongers mix English and Cantonese into new language, Kongish" 1619:

Locally produced television dramas by the free-to-air networks of

607:

is another group of Hong Kong indigenous peoples. Their language,

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have also been translated and fused into local comics libraries.

1191: 1172: 1136: 923: 915: 836: 713: 303: 4254: 3375:

Apple Daily Hong Kong 《50年前廣東話人口不過半　淘汰多種方言成主流》17 February 2014 (

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Hong Kongers, like their fellow Cantonese, have also dabbled in

5389: 2897: 2736: 2727: 2342: 2317: 2210: 2176: 1954: 1689: 1659: 1641: 1584: 1426: 1221: 1135:", is based (though not born) in Hong Kong. Hong Kong also has 879: 860: 3627:. Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute. 27 January 2021 2659:

are available. Internationally, Hong Kong has participated in

2512: 1692:

is arguably the most prominent among Hong Kongers animations.

1204: 1115:

Hong Kong has recently seen a boom in independent art groups.

805:

with a strict declaration for heterosexual relationships with

86:

Inclusion and togetherness. Words on the ground, Yuen Long, HK

4645: 2695: 2687: 2683: 1858: 1827: 1655: 1245: 958: 762:-derived values such as "family solidarity", "courtesy" and " 709: 522: 4738: 2384:

The other half of the population mostly takes part in other

1965:

Cuisine holds an important place in Hong Kong culture. From

1871:

writers. Prominent writers of Hong Kong literature include:

5476: 5446: 4386:"10 Best Street Food in Hong Kong For A Yummy Energy Boost" 3443: 3100: 2700: 2214:

is made by millions at home as part of the tradition, and

1446: 3417: 2754: 2109:, though Hong Kongers also have local inventions such as 1052: 1036:

Hong Kong supports a variety of artistic activities. The

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http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20140217/18627989

2535:

and Hong Kong is no different. Movies such as the 1980s

1989:, casual outdoor dining restaurant, primarily providing 1654:

While Hong Kong has had an endless supply from Japanese

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Huang, Manolo Corichi and Christine (5 December 2023).

3603:"A Brief History of Protest in Post-Handover Hong Kong" 3818:(in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 中華書局(香港)出版有限公司. p. 96. 2985:

Mid-Autumn Festival carnival at Victoria Park in 2012

3483: 1080:. Contemporary visual artists from Hong Kong include 561:; Traditional Chinese: 客家話) is commonly used in many 505:) spoken in Hong Kong. Although it is not one of the 4116: 3117: 3114:

of Hong Kong in the second half of the 20th century.

2698:. The first game to center the Hong Kong market was 4274:

On Hong Kong Shelves, Illicit Dirt on China's Elite

1579:The cinema of Hong Kong is noted for its brands of 2329:descent and thus practice the Cantonese branch of 1678:located directly in the territory are now pushing 1605:, and may have been influenced by British humour. 639:; Traditional Chinese: 普通話) in certain occasions. 547: 2690:but licensed by American game developers such as 2625:is one of the most popular, especially among the 5903: 4701:. School of Journalism and Communication at the 4648:Inside Kungfu: Chinese Martial Arts Encyclopedia 4595:"2017 香港购物攻略（海港城、DFS、时代广场、铜锣湾Sogo） - 战斗的狼 - 十六番" 2401: 1998: 1905:Lingnan literature was traditionally written in 1862: 1588: 1538: 1416: 1317: 1272: 1231: 1185: 685: 634: 612: 598: 566: 556: 414: 322: 1913:forms of writing in the late 19th century, the 1330:is one of the places that hold the tradition. 1066:Microwave International New Media Arts Festival 620: 3580:"Hong Kong protests: A city's identity crisis" 2349:and several other Taoist sea deities, such as 1665:A Chinese Ghost Story: The Tsui Hark Animation 1131:, who is venerated as "the last master of the 651:A political advertisement written in Cantonese 5510: 4754: 4709: 4621:"Hong Kong Jockey Club History & Reports" 3413: 3411: 3335: 3333: 3105: 2395: 1260:"Vase with floral scroll design", on show in 603:; Traditional Chinese: 蜑家人) from the fishing 500: 271: 4733:Hong Kong's TV and Film Publication Database 3220: 2682:were designed by Japanese companies such as 712:. As Hong Kong was developed from a fishing 4442:"Hong Kong Chinese New Year Flower Markets" 3340:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYz6STyaSAc 3163: 2577:, with the first racecourse being built in 2184: 1779:and English. The printed media, especially 1593:; Traditional Chinese: 港式幽默) - alluding to 990:at 45 Stubbs Road, and St Mary's Church of 5517: 5503: 4761: 4747: 4705:, November 2010. Issue 117. p. 40-43. 4691:Endangered Hong Kong Cultures and Dialects 3408: 3330: 2637:next to ultra modern high rise buildings. 2424:Hong Kongers devote much time to leisure. 994:(Anglican Communion) in Hong Kong Island. 926:, they are especially common in Hong Kong. 278: 264: 4361:"Hong Kong's best street food essentials" 3461:"Living in Hong Kong – Before You Arrive" 2581:. The club closed for a few years during 2564: 2549:lottery, and recently, football (soccer) 2321:celebration, the Cheung Chau Bun Festival 2218:, which involves the massive purchase of 1473:the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts 1137:an active club supporting Lingnan penjing 70:Learn how and when to remove this message 4092:"Gramophone Classical Music Awards 2020" 3522:Louie, Kam, ed. (2010). "Introduction". 3232:Leisure and Cultural Services Department 3099: 3088: 2766: 2556:Games such as mahjong and many types of 2511: 2472: 2420:Leisure and Cultural Services Department 2400:The art of "asking the dead" (Jyutping: 2310: 2300: 2105:Mooncakes found in Hong Kong are mostly 1945: 1759: 1695: 1635: 1393: 1255: 1203: 1171: 746: 646: 81: 5114:Special administrative regions of China 4493: 4491: 4489: 3517: 3515: 3146: 2439:Among teenagers, shopping, eating out, 1900: 1845: 1123:Hong Kong also hosts several styles of 14: 5904: 4646:Sensei/Renshi Nathan Chlumsky (2015). 4639: 4601:from the original on 14 September 2012 4138:"Yip Wing-sie – Hong Kong Sinfonietta" 3797:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2093:is popular among Hong Kongers as well. 2062:is often eaten in Cantonese breakfast. 1464:An amateur orchestra organised by the 1118: 778:. There are also small communities of 484: 5498: 4742: 4236:from the original on 13 February 2012 4004:from the original on 16 December 2016 3645: 3521: 3284: 1920:complete writing system for Cantonese 696:After the handover of Hong Kong, the 93:Demographics and culture of Hong Kong 4486: 3927: 3883:from the original on 21 January 2019 3691: 3512: 2655:and regular citizen facilities like 1608: 1597:. It is said to be characterised by 678: 378: 28: 5524: 4627:from the original on 21 August 2017 4341:from the original on 21 August 2017 4315:from the original on 21 August 2017 3946:from the original on 31 August 2021 3832:from the original on 4 October 2018 3811: 3779:from the original on 4 October 2018 3747:from the original on 30 August 2017 3242: 2607:Lingnan culture § Martial arts 2545:(in Happy Valley and Sha Tin), the 2436:are enjoyed by people of all ages. 1744: 1574: 1251: 461:, the vast majority speak standard 419: 24: 4683: 3998:"Mongkok's Graffiti Wall Of Fame!" 3978:from the original on 10 March 2016 3396:from the original on 24 March 2018 3300: 2704:but the most popular were Namco's 1559:are known globally, especially in 1436: 1312:is one of the major categories in 1304: 1288: 770:from the neighbouring province of 642: 25: 5923: 4710: 4689:Chan, Ka-yan and Jennifer Kwok. " 4468:"Hong Kong Well Wishing Festival" 4448:from the original on 15 June 2017 3721:from the original on 25 June 2017 3600: 3577: 3524:Hong Kong Culture: Word and Image 3106: 1793:free from government interference 1706:The TakeOut Comedy Club Hong Kong 1381:A costume used in Cantonese opera 501: 5885: 5876: 5875: 4670: 3308:"Hong Kong Basic Law: Chapter I" 3172:(aka "Hong Kong's core values"; 3120: 3069: 3053: 3037: 3021: 3002: 2990: 2978: 2962: 2948: 2934: 2926:Hong Kong Tramways is common in 2919: 2905: 2890: 2878: 2863: 2848: 2836: 2821: 2801: 2789: 2773: 2680:golden age of arcade video games 2587:Japanese occupation of Hong Kong 2285: 2265: 2250: 2160: 2148: 2133: 2118: 2098: 2083: 2067: 2052: 1942:Traditional candies in Hong Kong 1734:Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra 1537:The Hong Kong cinema (Jyutping: 1451:Another well known orchestra is 1444:Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra 1374: 1358: 1343: 1011: 999: 966: 950: 931: 907: 891: 868: 844: 382: 33: 4814:Bao'an County and Xin'an County 4703:Chinese University of Hong Kong 4664: 4613: 4587: 4561: 4539: 4513: 4510:. Hong Kong Baptist University. 4460: 4434: 4423: 4404: 4378: 4353: 4327: 4301: 4292: 4266: 4248: 4212: 4201: 4176: 4151: 4130: 4109: 4084: 4067: 4042: 4016: 3990: 3958: 3921: 3895: 3869: 3844: 3805: 3759: 3733: 3707: 3665: 3639: 3617: 3594: 3571: 3562: 3553: 3544: 3141:Street performance in Hong Kong 2600: 2489:Hong Kong is identified by its 2235:Hong Kong Well-wishing Festival 1867:; Traditional Chinese: 武俠) and 1806: 1674:. Most notably, companies like 1161: 816: 548:Non-Cantonese Sinitic languages 5843:British Indian Ocean Territory 5109:Sino-British Joint Declaration 4946:Country parks and conservation 4558:. Retrieved 23 September 2012. 4050:"Vision and Mission | HK Phil" 3453: 3427: 3382: 3359: 3173: 2969:Lunar New Year flower fair at 2831:are still common in Hong Kong. 2784:has a Hong Kong orchid design. 2670: 1749: 1350:A scene of Cantonese opera in 1271:. Canton porcelain (Jyutping: 1020: 661:Traditional Chinese characters 571:; Traditional Chinese: 圍村) in 507:Hong Kong indigenous languages 13: 1: 4768: 4675:. The MIT Press. p. 208. 4255:http://www.hongkongshakes.com 3966:"2007-07-25 youtube TVB 晚間新聞" 3928:Chan, Pedith (October 2016). 3741:"南園蓮池/志蓮淨苑仿照唐代藝術的古式園林與佛教廟宇～" 3625:"Categorical Ethnic Identity" 3277: 3190:Cantonese pre-wedding customs 2333:, which also has elements of 2272:At the Birthday of Che Kung, 2074:BBQ pork is a common dish in 1466:Hong Kong Medical Association 1125:Lingnan (Cantonese) fine arts 529:with the Cantonese spoken by 415:Languages and writing systems 4673:Video Games Around the World 3180:Walled villages of Hong Kong 2617:List of Chinese martial arts 2402: 2242:Hong Kong local celebrations 2195:Public holidays in Hong Kong 2191:Traditional Chinese holidays 1999: 1863: 1787:newspapers, lean heavily on 1686:animations into the market. 1631: 1589: 1539: 1484:Hong Kong theatres include: 1476:players and music teachers. 1417: 1389: 1335:Cantonese opera in Hong Kong 1318: 1273: 1232: 1230:Hong Kong comics (Jyutping: 1186: 1060:in Asia and is a center for 1031: 686: 635: 621:Government linguistic policy 613: 599: 567: 557: 323: 309:roots and later fusing with 7: 4708:Cheung, Kwok-hung Stephen ( 3084: 2575:British colonial government 2520: 2493:culture and high levels of 2477:Westernised stores such as 2462: 2390:British rule over Hong Kong 2315:People honouring gods in a 2222:from Chinese bakery shops. 1813:Communications in Hong Kong 1720:Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra 1479: 1352:Hong Kong Museum of History 1074:Cattle Depot Artist Village 659:, Hong Kongers write using 495:Hong Kong Cantonese is the 10: 5928: 3528:Hong Kong University Press 3110:) - which refers to their 2749:incorporating elements of 2644: 2610: 2604: 2524: 2466: 2417: 2413: 2396:Hong Kong death traditions 2304: 2188: 2045: 1935: 1929: 1925: 1849: 1810: 1753: 1647: 1615:Hong Kong television drama 1612: 1530: 1408: 1365:Cantonese opera played in 1297: 1219: 1165: 1133:Lingnan school of painting 1049:Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club 1024: 820: 758:In Hong Kong, traditional 736: 732: 488: 423: 372: 366: 362: 353:People's Republic of China 302:influences, stemming from 5871: 5830: 5790: 5532: 5305: 5279: 5226: 5160: 5122: 5009: 4896: 4794: 4776: 4335:"香港人的驕傲——冰室、餐室、茶餐廳文化（下）" 4309:"香港人的驕傲——冰室、餐室、茶餐廳文化（上）" 3227:Hong Kong cultural policy 3221:Hong Kong cultural policy 3205:Hong Kong Kids phenomenon 2997:Victoria Harbour at night 2956:Hong Kong Heritage Museum 2640: 2591:English FA Premier League 2030:, roasted pork buns, and 1959:Jumbo Floating Restaurant 1953:; There, one can catch a 1601:and, more distinctively, 1526: 1517:Xiqu Centre, West Kowloon 1494:Hong Kong Cultural Centre 1215: 1078:Fo Tan artistic community 823:Architecture of Hong Kong 739:Demographics of Hong Kong 375:Demographics of Hong Kong 5592:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5330:Cheung Chau Bun Festival 5094:One country, two systems 4986:Public parks and gardens 4931:Buildings and structures 4906:Administrative divisions 4548:2010 Yearbook – Religion 4417:20 February 2014 at the 4222:South China Morning Post 3930:"LEAP-10月號-香港水墨：浮動身分的探索" 3814: 3677:South China Morning Post 3494:"啟蒙與革命－鄭貫公、黃世仲等人的粵語寫作" 3215:Pawnbrokers in Hong Kong 3164:Other Hong Kong cultures 2873:is popular in Hong Kong. 2259:Cheung Chau Bun Festival 2231:the Birthday of Che Kung 2227:Cheung Chau Bun Festival 2185:Traditional celebrations 2179:, or other alternatives. 2127:Hong Kong-style milk tea 1489:Aurora Theatre Hong Kong 1324:Cheung Chau Bun Festival 1293: 1184:Graffiti art (Jyutping: 811:foreign domestic helpers 743:Chinese social relations 577:Hakka ethnic communities 357:One Country, Two Systems 5853:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 4724:University of Hong Kong 4184:"About - About - HKAPA" 4117:"Hong Kong Sinfonietta" 3465:www.outwardbound.org.hk 3077:University of Hong Kong 2531:Gambling is popular in 1676:Imagi Animation Studios 1551:and film stars such as 1262:Hong Kong Museum of Art 1180:, the "King of Kowloon" 1027:Visual art of Hong Kong 979:Tang-style architecture 922:can be seen throughout 900:University of Hong Kong 698:University of Hong Kong 581:Chinese language family 533:from mainland China or 349:transfer of sovereignty 128:Hong Kong identity card 42:Some of this article's 5142:Food and Health Bureau 4966:Islands and peninsulas 4545:Hong Kong Government. 4220:""Stand and Deliver", 4078:April 8, 2023, at the 3422:in Chinese Traditional 3418:http://www.hkilang.org 3377:in Traditional Chinese 3115: 3097: 3094:Golden Bauhinia Square 3015:Pitt Street, Hong Kong 2942:Hong Kong Space Museum 2565:Gambling organisations 2517: 2482: 2386:Chinese folk religions 2322: 1983:"World's Fair of Food" 1962: 1797:that of mainland China 1768: 1645: 1406: 1264: 1212: 1181: 829:Cantonese architecture 755: 652: 426:Languages of Hong Kong 294:is primarily a mix of 224:Other Hong Kong topics 87: 5365:Hong Kong nationalism 5350:Heritage conservation 4873:Handover of Hong Kong 4569:"問米經歷, 我不想相信, 但如何解釋?" 4521:"Wong Tai Sin Temple" 3345:17 March 2018 at the 3103: 3092: 2767:Images from Hong Kong 2663:, and numerous other 2571:Hong Kong Jockey Club 2527:Gambling in Hong Kong 2515: 2476: 2469:Shopping in Hong Kong 2445:Little Fighter Online 2331:Chinese folk religion 2327:Cantonese / Guangdong 2314: 2307:Religion in Hong Kong 2301:Religions and beliefs 2141:Canto-Western cuisine 1949: 1938:Hong Kong tea culture 1763: 1739:Hong Kong Sinfonietta 1696:Other performing arts 1639: 1454:Hong Kong Sinfonietta 1431:Hong Kong English pop 1418:Jyut jyu lau hang kuk 1397: 1281:that originated from 1259: 1207: 1176:The graffiti work of 1175: 1168:Graffiti in Hong Kong 1044:, located inside the 1038:Hong Kong Arts Centre 794:people in Hong Kong. 750: 650: 527:mutually intelligible 517:, and also some from 85: 5912:Culture of Hong Kong 5767:United Arab Emirates 4505:3 March 2016 at the 4280:22 July 2016 at the 3909:on 21 September 2017 3852:"M+ Collection | M+" 3743:. 15 February 2017. 3237:Museums in Hong Kong 3147:Symbols of Hong Kong 3062:Hong Kong Ocean Park 3028:A walled village in 2760:The King of Fighters 2751:Chinese martial arts 2613:Chinese martial arts 2280:will become crowded. 2206:Dragon Boat Festival 1932:Cuisine of Hong Kong 1901:Cantonese literature 1852:Hong Kong literature 1846:Hong Kong literature 1415:Cantopop (Jyutping: 1064:with venues such as 833:British architecture 669:Cantonese characters 542:a new speech pattern 451:British colonial era 369:History of Hong Kong 292:culture of Hong Kong 5794:limited recognition 5079:Legislative Council 4981:Mountains and peaks 4843:Japanese occupation 4838:Battle of Hong Kong 4553:8 July 2018 at the 4260:29 May 2014 at the 4024:"香港僅存廣彩瓷廠首度展覽經典瓷畫" 3877:"Home | HKELD" 3652:Pew Research Center 3439:18 May 2015 at the 3392:. 21 January 2016. 3318:on 23 November 2017 3312:Hong Kong Basic Law 2913:Bank of China Tower 2782:emblem of Hong Kong 2732:Old Master Q, San-T 2516:Mahjong table setup 2216:Mid-Autumn Festival 2155:A bowl of poon choi 1581:martial arts movies 1561:Chinese settlements 1233:Hoeng gong maan waa 1139:(English website). 1119:Cantonese fine arts 1098:Lai Cheuk Wah Sarah 491:Hong Kong Cantonese 485:Hong Kong Cantonese 4365:Time Out Hong Kong 4287:The New York Times 3815:圖說香港歷史建築 1920－1945 3812:黃棣才 (8 May 2015). 3679:. 12 November 2016 3371:3 May 2015 at the 3116: 3098: 2657:Macpherson Stadium 2653:Hong Kong Coliseum 2647:Sport in Hong Kong 2518: 2483: 2457:video game arcades 2323: 2173:cellophane noodles 2111:snow skin mooncake 1979:"Gourmet Paradise" 1963: 1817:Media in Hong Kong 1801:Chinese government 1777:Vernacular Chinese 1769: 1756:Media in Hong Kong 1646: 1521:Yau Ma Tei Theatre 1407: 1399:Hong Kong Coliseum 1300:Music of Hong Kong 1265: 1213: 1182: 803:same sex marriages 776:Han Chinese people 756: 665:Vernacular Chinese 653: 585:a distinct culture 544:called "Kongish". 497:Cantonese language 443:official languages 394:. You can help by 123:Hong Kong resident 88: 5899: 5898: 5836:other territories 5492: 5491: 5099:Political parties 5054:Foreign relations 4786:Index of articles 4657:978-13-2911-942-0 4575:on 21 August 2017 4392:. 13 October 2016 3537:978-988-8028-41-2 3500:on 21 August 2018 3352:《星期X檔案 -- 留住本土語》( 3265:Chinese mythology 3249:Cantonese culture 3185:Cantonese wedding 3136:Hong Kong studies 3112:collective memory 2796:Hong Kong in 1985 2533:Cantonese culture 2339:Mahayana Buddhism 2076:Cantonese cuisine 1907:classical Chinese 1832:Chinese languages 1650:Chinese animation 1609:Television dramas 1511:Tea House Theatre 1314:Han Chinese opera 1196:Hong Kong dollars 898:Main building of 679:Cultural identity 673:written Cantonese 430:Hong Kong English 412: 411: 337:ethnic minorities 333:indigenous people 288: 287: 80: 79: 72: 18:Hong Kong culture 16:(Redirected from 5919: 5889: 5879: 5878: 5848:Christmas Island 5534:Sovereign states 5526:Culture of Asia 5519: 5512: 5505: 5496: 5495: 5380:Lion Rock Spirit 5355:Hong Kong orchid 5183: 4956:Land reclamation 4941:Cities and towns 4763: 4756: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4713: 4712: 4677: 4676: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4571:. Archived from 4565: 4559: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4523:. Archived from 4517: 4511: 4497:Shun-hing Chan. 4495: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4470:. Archived from 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4438: 4432: 4427: 4421: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4305: 4299: 4296: 4290: 4270: 4264: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4235: 4228: 4216: 4210: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4113: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4088: 4082: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4030:on 18 April 2017 4026:. Archived from 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3945: 3934: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3905:. Archived from 3899: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3856:www.mplus.org.hk 3848: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3796: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3778: 3771: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3711: 3705: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3578:Thorn, Rachael. 3575: 3569: 3566: 3560: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3519: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3496:. Archived from 3490: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3471:on 26 March 2010 3467:. Archived from 3457: 3451: 3446:《漫遊百科 - Ep. 17》( 3431: 3425: 3415: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3386: 3380: 3363: 3357: 3337: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3314:. Archived from 3304: 3298: 3288: 3243:Related cultures 3175: 3170:Lion Rock Spirit 3153:Hong Kong orchid 3130: 3128:Hong Kong portal 3125: 3124: 3123: 3109: 3108: 3073: 3057: 3041: 3025: 3006: 2994: 2982: 2966: 2952: 2938: 2928:Hong Kong Island 2923: 2909: 2894: 2882: 2871:Japanese cuisine 2867: 2855:Hong Kong-style 2852: 2840: 2825: 2815:Victoria Harbour 2805: 2793: 2777: 2434:Chinese checkers 2405: 2289: 2269: 2254: 2164: 2152: 2137: 2122: 2102: 2087: 2071: 2056: 2002: 1951:Aberdeen Harbour 1866: 1836:News Corporation 1745:Literary culture 1729:Hong Kong Ballet 1592: 1590:Gong sik jau mak 1575:Hong Kong humour 1542: 1533:Hong Kong cinema 1420: 1378: 1362: 1347: 1321: 1276: 1269:Canton porcelain 1252:Canton porcelain 1235: 1226:Hong Kong comics 1189: 1015: 1003: 970: 954: 935: 911: 895: 872: 848: 754:apartment blocks 689: 638: 616: 602: 570: 560: 535:overseas Chinese 531:Cantonese people 504: 503: 420:Spoken languages 407: 404: 386: 379: 326: 280: 273: 266: 90: 89: 75: 68: 64: 61: 55: 37: 29: 21: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5916: 5902: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5867: 5835: 5826: 5807:Northern Cyprus 5793: 5786: 5528: 5523: 5493: 5488: 5437:Public holidays 5301: 5297:Sex trafficking 5275: 5222: 5181: 5156: 5124:Public services 5118: 5029:Chief Executive 5019:National anthem 5005: 4892: 4790: 4772: 4767: 4686: 4684:Further reading 4681: 4680: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4604: 4602: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4555:Wayback Machine 4544: 4540: 4530: 4528: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4507:Wayback Machine 4496: 4487: 4477: 4475: 4474:on 25 June 2017 4466: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4440: 4439: 4435: 4428: 4424: 4419:Wayback Machine 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4369: 4367: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4282:Wayback Machine 4271: 4267: 4262:Wayback Machine 4253: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4157: 4156: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4080:Wayback Machine 4072: 4068: 4058: 4056: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4022: 4021: 4017: 4007: 4005: 4000:. 3 July 2013. 3996: 3995: 3991: 3981: 3979: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3937:Asia Art Center 3932: 3926: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3860: 3858: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3835: 3833: 3826: 3816: 3810: 3806: 3790: 3789: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3767:"Archived copy" 3765: 3764: 3760: 3750: 3748: 3739: 3738: 3734: 3724: 3722: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3656: 3654: 3644: 3640: 3630: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3520: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3492: 3491: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3441:Wayback Machine 3432: 3428: 3416: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3373:Wayback Machine 3364: 3360: 3347:Wayback Machine 3338: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3289: 3285: 3280: 3270:Mahjong culture 3259:Chinese culture 3254:British culture 3245: 3223: 3200:Bone collecting 3195:Villain hitting 3166: 3149: 3126: 3121: 3119: 3087: 3080: 3074: 3065: 3058: 3049: 3042: 3033: 3026: 3017: 3007: 2998: 2995: 2986: 2983: 2974: 2967: 2958: 2953: 2944: 2939: 2930: 2924: 2915: 2910: 2901: 2895: 2886: 2883: 2874: 2868: 2859: 2853: 2844: 2841: 2832: 2826: 2817: 2806: 2797: 2794: 2785: 2778: 2769: 2673: 2649: 2643: 2619: 2609: 2603: 2567: 2538:God of Gamblers 2529: 2523: 2471: 2465: 2422: 2416: 2398: 2309: 2303: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2281: 2274:Che Kung Temple 2270: 2261: 2255: 2244: 2243: 2197: 2187: 2180: 2165: 2156: 2153: 2144: 2138: 2129: 2123: 2114: 2107:Cantonese-style 2103: 2094: 2088: 2079: 2072: 2063: 2057: 2048: 1991:Cantonese foods 1944: 1934: 1928: 1903: 1869:science fiction 1854: 1848: 1819: 1809: 1766:Star Ferry Pier 1758: 1752: 1747: 1698: 1652: 1634: 1617: 1611: 1577: 1549:Martial artists 1535: 1529: 1499:Ko Shan Theatre 1482: 1439: 1437:Classical music 1413: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1370: 1363: 1354: 1348: 1337: 1336: 1328:Sunbeam Theatre 1310:Cantonese opera 1307: 1305:Cantonese opera 1302: 1296: 1291: 1289:Performing arts 1254: 1228: 1220:Main articles: 1218: 1178:Tsang Tsou Choi 1170: 1164: 1121: 1102:Tsang Tsou Choi 1042:Oi! arts center 1034: 1029: 1023: 1016: 1007: 1004: 982: 975:Chi Lin Nunnery 971: 962: 955: 946: 936: 927: 912: 903: 896: 887: 873: 864: 863:, among others. 849: 825: 819: 745: 735: 681: 657:writing systems 645: 643:Writing systems 625:Since the 1997 623: 591:Waitau language 573:New Territories 563:walled villages 550: 493: 487: 475:Teochew dialect 459:Canton Province 455:second language 432: 424:Main articles: 422: 417: 408: 402: 399: 392:needs expansion 377: 371: 365: 313:due to British 311:British culture 284: 191:Public holidays 76: 65: 59: 56: 53: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5925: 5915: 5914: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5883: 5872: 5869: 5868: 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5158: 5157: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5128: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5015: 5013: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4834: 4833: 4823: 4821:British colony 4818: 4817: 4816: 4809:Imperial China 4806: 4800: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4766: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4730: 4706: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4671:Wolf, Mark J. 4663: 4656: 4638: 4612: 4586: 4560: 4538: 4527:on 7 June 2017 4512: 4485: 4459: 4433: 4422: 4403: 4377: 4352: 4326: 4300: 4291: 4265: 4247: 4211: 4200: 4175: 4150: 4129: 4108: 4083: 4066: 4054:www.hkphil.org 4041: 4015: 3989: 3957: 3920: 3894: 3868: 3843: 3824: 3804: 3758: 3732: 3706: 3690: 3664: 3638: 3616: 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2305:Main article: 2302: 2299: 2295: 2294: 2291: 2284: 2282: 2271: 2264: 2262: 2256: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2202:Lunar New Year 2186: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2169:shark fin soup 2166: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2147: 2145: 2139: 2132: 2130: 2124: 2117: 2115: 2104: 2097: 2095: 2089: 2082: 2080: 2073: 2066: 2064: 2058: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2036:pastel de nata 2020:pineapple buns 1995:Cha chaan teng 1930:Main article: 1927: 1924: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1850:Main article: 1847: 1844: 1808: 1805: 1789:sensationalism 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1697: 1694: 1633: 1630: 1613:Main article: 1610: 1607: 1595:British humour 1576: 1573: 1531:Main article: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1481: 1478: 1438: 1435: 1409:Main article: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1373: 1371: 1364: 1357: 1355: 1349: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1306: 1303: 1298:Main article: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1253: 1250: 1217: 1214: 1166:Main article: 1163: 1160: 1120: 1117: 1033: 1030: 1025:Main article: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1010: 1008: 1005: 998: 992:Sheng Kung Hui 984: 983: 972: 965: 963: 956: 949: 947: 943:walled village 937: 930: 928: 913: 906: 904: 897: 890: 888: 874: 867: 865: 850: 843: 821:Main article: 818: 815: 734: 731: 687:Hoeng gong yan 680: 677: 644: 641: 622: 619: 553:Hakka language 549: 546: 489:Main article: 486: 483: 471:Hakka Language 421: 418: 416: 413: 410: 409: 389: 387: 367:Main article: 364: 361: 345:Southeast Asia 286: 285: 283: 282: 275: 268: 260: 257: 256: 255: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 226: 225: 221: 220: 219: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 155: 154: 148: 147: 146: 145: 143:Right of abode 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 102: 101: 95: 94: 78: 77: 44:listed sources 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5924: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5882: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5817:South Ossetia 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5520: 5515: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5261:List of roads 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5137:Fire services 5135: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 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4225: 4223: 4215: 4209: 4204: 4189: 4188:www.hkapa.edu 4185: 4179: 4164: 4163:www.thkma.org 4160: 4154: 4139: 4133: 4118: 4112: 4097: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4029: 4025: 4019: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3961: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3924: 3908: 3904: 3898: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3857: 3853: 3847: 3831: 3827: 3825:9789888340200 3821: 3817: 3808: 3800: 3794: 3775: 3768: 3762: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3720: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3703:1-56023-153-X 3700: 3694: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3626: 3620: 3604: 3597: 3581: 3574: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3539: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3516: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3487: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3449: 3445: 3442: 3438: 3435: 3430: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3344: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3296:0-8248-2164-5 3293: 3287: 3283: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3216: 3213: 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