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of competitive trials to find designs with the greatest efficiency, with the Swain and Leffel wheels attaining the best results. Though
Emerson would later discount the figures these tests generated, upon hearing the initial success of the competition, he was contacted by a Mr. Stewart Chase, agent for the Holyoke Water Power Company, who wrote:
308:, who managed and redesigned the facility in the 1880s, later described it in Congressional testimony as the "first modern hydraulic laboratory" in the United States and the world. It was through Herschel's need to determine the water power consumption of different mills, and in this testing system that he would invent the
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projected hydrokinetic turbine performance. This model is an additional step in HG&E's ongoing initiative to establish the
Holyoke Canal System as a test bed for hydrokinetic demonstrations, with the long-term goal being commercial hydrokinetic development in existing hydroelectric station tailraces.
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dynamometer for it and oversee efficiency experiments. Following its initial success however, the flume was opened to the public with
Emerson operating it as a personal endeavor, furnishing funds for the use of Lowell water in its experiments. Among the first tests conducted thereafter were a series
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As late as 1910 the laboratory was described as the only one of its kind used to test the efficiency of water turbines but, by 1930, it was one of at least 63 hydraulic laboratories in the United States, several of which had modern facilities. Despite eventual obsolescence of this type of flume, it
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It is not for the writer to say, which of these tests are right and which are wrong, but
European engineers maintain, that the difference is due to the different methods of measurement. At Holyoke, the old Francis formula for flow of water over weirs is still in use, but this formula does not take
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The scaling up of electricity generation to much greater horsepower demands made the apparatus and its components obsolete, as even the most minor fluctuations in output had greater consequences in output measurements. However, ultimately the apparatus would play a key role in the invention of the
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developed his weir formula for measuring the efficiency of turbines, however this formula, though widely used in
America, was a point of contention between American and European engineers, with differences of efficiency readings found between the Holyoke flume and counterparts in Germany. Such a
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HG&E, a municipal utility in
Holyoke, Massachusetts, will work with Alden Labs in Holden, Massachusetts to conduct a velocity analysis of the Holyoke canal system and Hadley Falls Station tail race. This data will be used to develop a hydro system model that allows for analyses relative to
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Although the flume itself and its mechanical components were defunct by 1932, since the 1950s the
Holyoke Gas & Electric Company has maintained its original building as an electrical substation, serving the city's ratepayers with hydropower and other renewably-sourced electricity.
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While
Hydraulic Engineer of the Holyoke Water Power Company, 1879–1889, the writer instituted a system of keeping a daily record of the discharge of the Connecticut River at Holyoke, which was continued after his departure, by his old-time assistant and successor, A. F.
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cases in the United States as the standard by which turbine wheel efficiencies were measured, into the early 20th century. The
Testing Flume and its experiments would also be responsible for the improvement of the efficiency and cost-reduction of
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based turbine designer PDI, Inc., had received a grant to manufacture a new turbine wheel type with the city's Cofab
Engineering firm, testing said prototype in one of the Canal locks as part of HG&E's Clean Energy Test Bed Initiative.
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1. The testing of all wheels installed in conjunction with the water power at Holyoke, in order that their discharge capacity may be determined and used as a means of estimating the quantity of water taken by the several
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standard measurement of flow efficiencies also enabled factories and governments to use the power measurements of turbines to determine, to a degree, the amount of leakage in flumes and dams across the United States.
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The testing of turbines is the only way to perfection, and that is a matter of great importance. Move your work to Holyoke and use all the water that is necessary for the purpose, and welcome, free of charge.
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In a 1915 court deposition Sickman was described as the hydraulic engineer in charge of hydraulic testing but his counsel objected to him being described as the "chief hydraulic engineer" despite having no
1009:"Testing Water Wheels after Installation; The Importance of Operating Water Wheels at Their Maximum Efficiency. The Alden Dynamometer and Some Results Obtained by Its Use at the Holyoke Testing Plant"
527:, the Alden dynamometer, which was tested extensively at the Flume. In addition to contemporary research, the laboratory is home to one of the pioneering Venturi meters, exhibited at the
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This modification of the Fourneyron turbine was improved by James Bichens Francis during his tests carried out at the Holyoke Testing Flume, where he developed his famous weir formula.
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Mr. and Mrs. A. F. Sickman of Lincoln street are home from Montreal where they attended the convention of the New England Water Works association which was held in that city
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Venturi meter, the first accurate means of measuring large-scale flows, and indirectly was part of the technological progression which led to the development of the
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in the United States, and from the 1880s until the 1920s was prominent in that industry as a standard test for American manufacturers. Its tests would be cited in
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in court testimony as the only facility of its kind in the 19th and early 20th century, which made possible the standardization of American water turbines. Indeed
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Supreme Court, Indiana; Remy, Charles Frederick; Self, George Washington; Zoercher, Philip; Adams, William H.; Edward Franklin White, Mrs; May, Emma Mary (1914).
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Mr. Marshall: I object to that conclusion. Counsel is trying to put in his mount a certain loud sounding title which he does not possess...
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Mr. Sickman was a great nature lover...during the last days of his life he paid particular attention to the collection of wild ferns.
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716:. Washington, D.C.: United States Senate Committee on Commerce, US Government Printing Office (GPO). 1922. pp. 58–60.
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would inspire a number of successors, including brief discussion in Congress of a proposed federal hydraulic laboratory.
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under James B. Emerson, as well as the development and testing of the first modern mixed-flow turbine, the Hercules, by
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956:. Vol. I. Washington, D.C.: USGS, US Department of the Interior; US Government Printing Office (GPO). p. 78.
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A History of the Water Resources Branch, U.S. Geological Survey: Volume I, From Predecessor Surveys to June 30, 1919
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Q. Are you the chief hydraulic engineer in charge of the Holyoke Water Power Company's work at Holyoke, Mass.?
407:. In 1868, a testing flume was constructed by one Asa M. Swain to the specifications of noted-turbine engineer
399:'s testing flume and its subsequent success are inextricably linked with the industrial progress that preceded
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1051:"Description and Results of Hydraulic Experiments With Larger Apertures at Holyoke, Mass. in 1874"
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3. esting of standard patterns of American type turbines which are to be installed in new plants.
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The History of the Holyoke Water Power Company; A Subsidiary of Northeast Utilities, 1859-1967
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James Emerson, the first to manage the testing flume was entirely self-taught in hydrodynamics
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968:"Massachusetts Awards PDI Grant to Test, Prototype and Deploy New Blade Design in Holyoke"
775:. Vol. CXII. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office (GPO). 1907. p. 36.
411:. Initially this flume was designed to test the designs of the Swain Turbine Company with
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759:. Washington, D.C.: United States Geological Survey (USGS); Government Printing Office.
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has sought to capitalize on this testing legacy. In 2018 it was announced that local
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1034:. Washington, D.C.: US Government Publishing Office (GPO). 1930. pp. 5654–5657.
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into consideration a number of factors that have an important bearing on the result.
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A. Hydraulic Engineer in charge of the Holyoke Water Power Company's hydraulic work.
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Water Power Engineering: The Theory, Investigation, and Development of Water Powers
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In a 1906 report the research mission for the facility was described as threefold:
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designs, completing 3,176 tests of efficiency in that time. It was described by
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Hydraulic Power Company of Niagara Falls v. Pettebone - Cataract Paper Company
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Nuts and Bolts of the Past : A History of American Technology, 1776-1860
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1081:, Engines of Our Ingenuity, University of Houston's College of Engineering
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Workers at their stations prior to testing a turbine wheel design, c. 1895
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1075:, Engineering History Landmarks, American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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The Holyoke Testing Flume ultimately revolutionized the development of
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2. The testing of experimental wheels with a view to their improvement.
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Reports of Cases Decided in the Supreme Court of the State of Indiana
611:"Twenty Years' Run-Off, at Holyoke, Mass., of the Connecticut River"
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812:. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 48–49.
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932:. Vol. XLVIII, no. 23. December 4, 1902. p. 466.
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Today the oldest hydraulic laboratory in the United States, the
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The American Mixed-Flow Turbine and It's [sic] Setting
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Bureau of Reclamation, US Department of the Interior (1976).
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589:. Supreme Court of the State of New York. 1915. p. 125.
926:"Causes of Lack of Progress Among American Turbine Builders"
877:. American Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 1265–1266.
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Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers
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Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers
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from 1870 to 1932, and used to test the performance of
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The testing flume as seen from Race Street, circa 1895
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Massachusetts Green High Performance Computing Center
697:. New York Court of Appeals. 1919. pp. 618–619.
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was a hydraulic testing laboratory and apparatus in
871:Safford, Arthur T; Hamilton, Edward Pierce (1922).
792:. New York: McGraw Publishing Co. pp. 361–370.
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1736:Defunct engineering companies of the United States
1731:Buildings and structures in Holyoke, Massachusetts
642:. Springfield, Mass. December 5, 1927. p. 9.
16:Defunct American hydraulic laboratory (1870-1932)
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993:. Northampton, Mass.: H.S. Gere & Sons, Inc.
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694:New York Court of Appeals. Records and Briefs
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713:To Establish a National Hydraulic Laboratory
438:The former testing flume facilities, now an
1015:. Vol. XXXII, no. 1. p. 754.
850:. New York: Harper & Row. p. 198.
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736:. Providence, R. I.: Builders Iron Foundry.
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756:Turbine Water-Wheel Tests and Power Tables
638:"Collection of Ferns is Given to Museum".
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626:"Club and Personal Affairs at Holyoke".
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466:. It was also at the Testing Flume that
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1761:1932 disestablishments in Massachusetts
890:"Selecting Hydraulic Reaction Turbines"
1786:American companies established in 1870
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987:"Water Power to the People of Holyoke"
809:The Origins of the Turbojet Revolution
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1295:Providence Behavioral Health Hospital
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242:Holyoke Testing Flume (Massachusetts)
1756:1870 establishments in Massachusetts
1049:Ellis, Theodore (November 3, 1875).
831:. Vol. CLXXX. pp. 211–212.
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630:. September 20, 1925. p. 5.
595:Q. The question is, what are you?
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1073:#129 Holyoke Water Power System
1007:Allen, C. M. (April 26, 1910).
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670:. Holyoke, Mass. Archived from
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1536:Gas & Electric (HG&E)
842:Hawke, David Freeman (1988).
825:"Sanderson v. Trump Mfg. Co."
786:Mead, Daniel Webster (1908).
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519:. The laboratory's namesake,
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273:Show map of the United States
1396:Children's Museum at Holyoke
529:World's Columbian Exposition
51:; 154 years ago
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1421:Holyoke Heritage State Park
970:. PDI. September 26, 2018.
947:Follansbee, Robert (1994).
541:Holyoke Heritage State Park
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397:Holyoke Water Power Company
294:Holyoke Water Power Company
183:Holyoke Water Power Company
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1079:No. 1041: James B. Emerson
727:Herschel, Clemens (1898).
679:Holyoke Gas & Electric
677:on 2019-12-12 – via
609:Herschel, Clemens (1916).
515:, continues to operate in
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444:Holyoke Gas & Electric
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1776:Technology demonstrations
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1672:Volleyball Hall of Fame
1371:Volleyball Hall of Fame
844:"VII. Science Steps In"
150:42.199580°N 72.609826°W
1741:Hydraulic laboratories
1431:Holyoke Merry-Go-Round
1380:Anniversary Hill Park
1290:Holyoke Medical Center
1154:Holyoke Civic Symphony
1123:Holyoke, Massachusetts
1013:Power and the Engineer
640:Springfield Republican
628:Springfield Republican
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383:Emerson's predecessors
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155:42.199580; -72.609826
78:Hydraulic engineering
20:Holyoke Testing Flume
1667:Origin of volleyball
1411:Holyoke Canal System
1031:Congressional Record
172:Holyoke Canal System
1700:Greater Springfield
909:1976STIN...7720609W
661:Barrett, Robert E.
395:The origins of the
217:Show map of Holyoke
214:Location in Holyoke
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1436:Land of Providence
477:combustion turbine
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1171:African-Americans
857:978-0-06-015901-6
751:Horton, Robert E.
730:The Venturi Meter
464:John B. McCormick
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1710:Massachusetts
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1556:Neighborhoods
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1236:Puerto Ricans
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1137:Annual events
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371:February 2024
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128:Massachusetts
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37:
32:
28:
23:
1682:Valley Arena
1572:Essex Street
1521:City council
1483:Pulaski Park
1166:Demographics
1161:Bibliography
1058:
1054:
1030:
1012:
991:The Advocate
990:
980:
971:
962:
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672:the original
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364:adding to it
359:
331:
327:
285:
283:
179:Affiliations
1629:Rock Valley
1416:Holyoke Dam
1384:Scott Tower
1364:Attractions
525:dynamometer
481:jet engines
417:Prony brake
153: /
100:(1879–1889)
94:(1870–1879)
46:Established
1725:Categories
1644:Springdale
1513:Government
1285:Healthcare
1186:Dominicans
1181:Colombians
620:Sickman...
568:References
560:superiors.
503:Successors
492:Framingham
141:72°36′35″W
138:42°11′58″N
67:Industrial
1616:Ingleside
1601:Highlands
1589:The Flats
1568:Downtown
1564:Churchill
1526:City Hall
1461:Mount Tom
1275:Geography
1253:Education
1061:: 19–101.
1334:Politics
1317:Timeline
1226:Mexicans
1216:Italians
753:(1906).
535:See also
120:Location
85:Director
1624:Oakdale
1584:Elmwood
1307:History
1263:Library
1248:Economy
1201:Germans
1191:English
1176:Chinese
1149:Culture
905:Bibcode
403:in the
401:Holyoke
344:History
124:Holyoke
112:Address
54: (
1659:Sports
1329:People
1206:Greeks
1196:French
1130:Topics
854:
617:: 28.
430:Legacy
333:mills.
167:Campus
130:, U.S.
1531:Mayor
1324:Media
1312:Mills
1241:Scots
1231:Poles
1211:Irish
954:(PDF)
903:: 3.
893:(PDF)
734:(PDF)
675:(PDF)
668:(PDF)
547:Notes
1221:Jews
852:ISBN
479:and
442:for
284:The
56:1870
49:1870
366:.
188:Map
1727::
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1021:^
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531:.
483:.
126:,
1108:e
1101:t
1094:v
1059:V
907::
860:.
681:.
373:)
369:(
58:)
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