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or arranged in a version of the cloister reflecting
American values, such as Harvard's. Both the campus designs and the architecture of colleges throughout the country have evolved in response to trends in the broader world, with most representing several different contemporary and historical styles
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Some other
American colleges later adopted the word to describe individual fields at their own institutions, but "campus" did not yet describe the whole university property. A school might have one space called a campus, another called a field, and still another called a yard.
225:, is another example of this usage, although it was built in the 1980s, before the term was applied to company property. In the 21st century, hospitals and even airports sometimes use the term to describe the territory of their respective facilities.
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The campus evolved from the cloistered model in Europe to a diverse set of independent styles in the United States. Early colonial colleges were all built in proprietary styles, with some contained in single buildings, such as the campus of
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environment. The notion of the importance of the setting to academic life later migrated to
America, and early colonial educational institutions were based on the Scottish and English collegiate system.
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A modern campus is a collection of buildings and grounds that belong to a given institution, either academic or non-academic. Examples include the
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In the early 1990s the term began to be used to describe a company's office building complex, most notably when
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does not have a central campus; the university's many buildings are instead scattered around the city.
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has also been applied to
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during the 20th century, with the old meaning persisting into the 1950s in some places.
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was first built, which at the time was exclusively for research and development. The
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The meaning expanded to include the whole university institutional
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History of college campuses and architecture in the United States
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Architect of the Revolutionary Era
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American Places: In Search of the Twenty-first
Century Campus
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273:) are characterized by ownership of individual buildings in
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buildings are situated. Usually a college campus includes
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Cluster of buildings and land used by an institution
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419:. Modern day campus. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
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408:. Campus from 1600. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
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396:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
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97:or dining halls, and park-like settings.
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