341:"The Little Flowers of Saint Francis of Assisi", which documents the oral traditions of the Franciscans, told several stories of "Brother Juniper". The most famous of these is the story of how Brother Juniper, when he heard a sick brother request a pig's foot as a meal, took a kitchen knife and ran into the forest, where he saw a herd of swine feeding. There, he quickly cut the foot off of one of the swine and carried it back to the brother, leaving the swine to die. This angered the herdsman, who complained to Saint Francis. Saint Francis confronted Brother Juniper, who joyfully exclaimed, "It is true, sweet father, that I did cut off the swine's foot. I will tell thee the reason. I went out of charity to visit the brother who is sick." Brother Juniper likewise explained to the angry herdsman who, seeing the "charity, simplicity, and humility" (Hudleston, 1953) in Brother Juniper's heart, forgave him and delivered the rest of the pig to the brothers.
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827:. The protagonist's coachman describes him as "one of those holy men," who lives by himself in the forest, strictly differentiates between eating bread which he calls "God's gift to man" and "tame creatures" on the one hand, and birds "of the free air" and creatures "of the forest and of the field" on the other hand, the latter of which he sees as being sinful.
816:“Oh Great Christian Grisha! Your faith was so strong that you felt the nearness of God; your love was so great that words flowed of their own will from your lips, and you did not verify them by reason. And what high praise you gave to the majesty of God, when, not finding any words, you prostrated yourself on the ground.”
442:
Ivanov argued that, unlike in the past, modern yurodivy are generally aware that they look pathetic in others’ eyes. They strive to preempt this contempt through exaggerated self-humiliation, and following such displays they let it be known both that their behaviors were staged and that their purpose
415:
described "holy fool" as a term for a person who "feigns insanity, pretends to be foolish, or who provokes shock or outrage by his deliberate unruliness." He explained that such conduct qualifies as holy foolery only if the audience believes that the individual is sane, moral, and pious. The
Eastern
337:
order, was known for taking the doctrine of the
Franciscans to the extreme. Whenever anyone asked for any of his possessions, he freely gave them away, including his clothes. He once even cut off the bells from his altar-cloth and gave them to a poor woman. His fellow Franciscans had to watch him
806:
He was an awesome figure: emaciated, barefoot and in rags, with eyes that "looked right through you" and long, shaggy hair. He always wore chains around his neck...Neighborhood children would sometimes run after him, laughing and calling out his name. Older persons, as a rule, viewed Grisha with
774:"though the gentlemanly and well-educated prince bears no external resemblance to these eccentric figures, he does possess their traditional gift of spiritual insight, which operates instinctively, below any level of conscious awareness or doctrinal commitment." In
68:
order or religious life, or deliberately flouting society's conventions to serve a religious purpose—particularly of
Christianity. Such individuals have historically been known as both "holy fools" and "blessed fools". The term "fool" connotes what is perceived as
545:, pretending to be a fool and leading an ascetic way of life (slept naked on church-porches, prayed throughout the whole night, received food only from poor people). He was abused and beaten, but finally won respect and became venerated after his death.
311:
among others. The key characteristics of foolishness for Christ in
Western Christianity are sleeping rough (outdoors) and homelessness, a minimalistic lifestyle with very few if any possessions and a strict dedication to prayer and self-renunciation.
811:
Grisha's abnormal social conduct, seizures, and rants were common behaviors amongst holy fools. The esteem expressed by adults was also common. In his autobiography, Tolstoy expressed such esteem in reaction to overhearing Grisha praying:
807:
respect and a little fear, especially when he suffered one of his periodic seizures and began to shout and rant. At such times adult bystanders would crowd around and listen, for they believed that the Holy Spirit was working through him.
711:
The Holy is too great and too terrible when encountered directly for men of normal sanity to be able to contemplate it comfortably. Only those who cannot care for the consequences run the risk of the direct confrontation of the Holy.
506:
of the Holy Fool was ambiguous, and could be real or simulated. He (or she) was believed to have been divinely inspired, and was therefore able to say truths which others could not, normally in the form of indirect allusions or
404:. The yurodivy is a Holy Fool, one who acts intentionally foolish in the eyes of men. The term implies behaviour "which is caused neither by mistake nor by feeble-mindedness, but is deliberate, irritating, even provocative."
327:, whose order was known for following the teachings of Christ and walking in his footsteps. Thus, upon joining the order, Franciscans gave away all possessions and focused on preaching in the streets to the common man.
338:
closely, and strictly forbade him from giving away his clothes. While such behaviors were embarrassing to his brothers, he was also recognized as a pure example of the
Franciscan order and thus esteemed.
607:"Crazy for God" is an expression sometimes used in the United States and other English speaking countries to convey a similar idea to "Foolishness for Christ." It has been especially connected to the
196:: "Here comes the time, when people will behave like madmen, and if they see anybody who does not behave like that, they will rebel against him and say: 'You are mad', — because he is not like them."
154:
By the opinion of certain scholars, these prophets were not counted as fools by their contemporaries, as they just carried out separate actions to attract people's attention and to awake their
1586:
Petzold, H.G. (1977): "Zur Frömmigkeit der heiligen Narren". In: Die
Einheit der Kirche. Festschrift für Peter Meinhold, hrsg. v. Lorenz Hein. Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden, 140–53.
308:
254:"For since in the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom did not know him, God was pleased through the foolishness of what was preached to save those who believe." (
282:
454:), which does not necessarily mean that the individual is less than a saint, but rather points to the blessings from God that they are believed to have acquired.
707:. Through six essays dealing with various "fools," Pelikan explores the motif of fool-for-Christ in relationship to the problem of understanding the numinous:
416:
Orthodox Church holds that holy fools voluntarily take up the guise of insanity in order to conceal their perfection from the world, and thus avoid praise.
277:
In
Western Christianity there have been several saints who lived lives that were rather eccentric and seemingly foolish. Among the earliest of them was St.
37:
praying. He did not wear clothing either in summer or winter. Fools for Christ often challenge accepted norms to serve a religious purpose. Painting by
663:: "I am crazy for people who are crazy for God: people nearly as inscrutable to me as divinity, who leave wives and children to become forest-dwelling
281:, a young homeless man who died in 1094 AD. He apparently never stopped repeating the phrase 'Kyrie Eleison' and behaved foolishly. Similarly Blessed
349:
1486:
372:
301:
103:. Fools for Christ often employ shocking and unconventional behavior to challenge accepted norms, deliver prophecies, or to mask their piety.
1193:
1599:
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638:
Crazy for God: How I Grew Up as One of the Elect, Helped Found the
Religious Right, and Lived to Take All (or Almost All) of It Back
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608:
377:
245:"For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God." (
119:
who exhibited signs of strange behaviour are considered by some scholars to be predecessors of "Fools for Christ". The prophet
1545:
780:, the madwoman Marya Lebyadkina displays many of the attributes of the holy fool, as do the characters of Sofya Marmeladova in
213:
1513:
1589:
Ewa M. Thompson, Understanding Russia : the holy fool in
Russian culture, Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1987
236:"For the wisdom of this world is foolishness in God's sight. As it is written: 'He catches the wise in their craftiness.'" (
451:
1047:
The Little
Flowers of Saint Francis of Assisi", 1st English translation, revised and amended. London: Burns & Oates.
749:, the character of Evgenii is based in the tradition of the holy fools in his confrontation with the animated statue of
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was closely related to that of rejection of common social rules of hypocrisy, brutality and quest for power and gains.
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Holy Foolishness, by the Rev. Frank Logue, King of Peace Episcopal Church, Kingsland, Georgia, February 2002
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246:
237:
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Sutton Publishing, Stroud, 2004, contains much on holy folly in both the Christian and Islamic traditions
1009:. Translated from French into Russian. Moscow. Publishing House of Sretensky Monastery, 2007. 224 pages.
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of Egypt (d. 369) among the first Holy Fools. However, the term was not popularized until the coming of
1571:
Svitlana Kobets, "From the Tabennisi nunnery to Pussy Riot: female holy fools in Byzantium and Russia,"
1556:
Holy Madness: The Shock Tactics and Radical Teachings of Crazy-Wise Adepts, Holy Fools and Rascal Gurus
569:
357:
224:, but ye are wise in Christ; we are weak, but ye are strong; ye are honourable, but we are despised." (
185:, who endured mockery and humiliation from the crowd. The spiritual meaning of "foolishness" from the
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1570:
776:
577:
17:
1629:
1397:
1364:
1191:
Belief Ubracketed: A Case for the Religion Scholar to Reveal More of Where He or She Is Coming From
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Apophtegmy (Alphavitnoye sobranie). About Avva Anthony. 25 (in Russian: Memorable stories.) p. 427.
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57:
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862:
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is quoted as saying: "We leaders should leave the tradition that we have become crazy for God."
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Some characteristics that were commonly seen in holy fools were going around half-naked, being
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According to Christian ideas, "foolishness" included consistent rejection of worldly cares and
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explores the ramifications of placing a holy fool (the compassionate and insightful epileptic
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walked naked and barefoot for about three years, predicting a forthcoming captivity in Egypt (
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Parry, Ken; David Melling; Dimitri Brady; Sidney H. Griffith; John F. Healey, eds. (1999).
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holy fools in 19th century Russian literature. The holy fool Nikolka is a character in
464:. Notice the old man in the background, with his arms stretched to heaven, painting by
186:
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1468:
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1401:
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845:), a 2006 movie telling the life story of (fictional) Father Anatoly in 1970s Russia.
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titled a memoir about his experiences in the six months he spent as a church member:
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324:
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193:
64:) refers to behavior such as giving up all one's worldly possessions upon joining an
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Healing of mental illnesses: The experience of first centuries in the Christian East
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615:, a collection of sayings popular among church members, Unification Church founder
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Frith, Uta. (1989) Autism: The Elegant Enigma. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
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Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great ...
1067:(2006) "Holy Fools in Byzantium and Beyond." Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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435:, and occasionally being disruptive and challenging to the point of seeming
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209:
1558:(Spirituality, Crazy-Wise Teachers, and Enlightenment). Hohm Press, 2006.
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576:. One of the best-known modern examples in the Russian Church is perhaps
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Other notable lay men who led saintly albeit eccentric lifestyles were
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Petzold, H.G. (1968): Gottes heilige Narren. Hochland 2, 1968, 97–109.
866:, who quickly turns from foe to friend, can be seen as such a figure.
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character, "Durochka" (en. little fool girl) is played by director
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770:) in a secular world dominated by vanity and desire. According to
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of fifth-century Byzantium, and it was extensively adopted in
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The Heart of Things: Applying Philosophy to the 21st century
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Pushkin and the Genres of Madness: the Masterpieces of 1833
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515:, as a figure not subject to earthly control or judgement.
512:
92:
and other saints acted the part of Holy Fools, as have the
1565:
The Street Philosopher and the Holy Fool: A Syrian Journey
1457:. Richard Freeborn (Complete ed.). London, England.
225:
640:. It tells of his upbringing as the son of a well-known
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was to disguise their superiority over their audience.
397:
version of foolishness for Christ, a peculiar form of
1433:
1431:
820:
A further example is Kasyan in the ninth sketch from
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969:
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The yurodivy appears several times in the novels of
77:" or "holy" refers to innocence in the eyes of God.
1546:
Symeon the New Theologian as Foolishness for Christ
1428:
1217:
Fools for Christ - Jaroslav Pelikan - Google Boeken
1092:"Foolishness-for-Christ, Article on Pravmir Portal"
487:of holy fools. In Greek, the term for Holy Fool is
323:. The most famous example in the Western church is
285:lived in voluntary poverty and was deemed crazy.
147:to symbolize the infidelity of Israel before God (
1051:
966:
529:The first reported fool-for-Christ in Russia was
131:lay before a stone, which symbolized beleaguered
1611:
1506:The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity
802:. Callis and Dewey described Grisha as follows:
743:based on the play. In Pushkin's narrative poem
511:. He had a particular status in regard to the
1307:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 112.
957:
446:Fools for Christ are often given the title of
583:
208:basis for it can be seen in the words of the
991:pp. 15–16; Saward J. Dieu a la folie. p. 15.
699:One of the more recent works in theology is
27:Flouting social norms for religious purposes
1573:Canadian Slavonic Papers 60, no. 1–2 (2018)
1300:
533:(Prokopiy), who came from the lands of the
1485:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1437:Birukoff, Paul & Tolstoy, Leo. (1911)
628:Crazy for God: The nightmare of cult life.
1169:. Powells.com. 2011-12-05. Archived from
1144:. Theologytoday.ptsem.edu. Archived from
644:minister and his later conversion to the
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725:There are a number of references to the
659:'s Department of Religion, wrote in the
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609:Unification Church of the United States
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1396:. Princeton University Press. p.
1363:. Princeton University Press. p.
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795:Another fool-for-Christ is Grisha in
1508:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
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502:, probably in the 14th century. The
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1036:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
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679:in search of self-realization, who
494:The practice was recognised in the
199:
24:
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1451:Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich (1990).
1441:New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
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694:
691:because the Bible says they can."
622:In 1979 Unification Church critic
409:Holy Fools in Byzantium and Beyond
25:
1651:
1593:
1277:St Petersburg: A Cultural History
1119:. Unification.org. Archived from
1012:
978:
439:(though always to make a point).
356:(1468-1552), a holy fool to whom
1605:St. Andrew, Fool-for-Christ-sake
1392:Dostoevsky: A Writer in His Time
1359:Dostoevsky: A Writer in His Time
1214:Pelikan, Jaroslav (2001-11-07).
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171:A God's Fool Sitting on the Snow
161:
106:
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1439:Leo Tolstoy: His Life and Work.
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1167:"Ink Q & A Frank Schaeffer"
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1134:
1105:
331:Servant of God, Brother Juniper
1454:Sketches from a hunter's album
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1026:
825:Sketches from a Hunter's Album
382:(1848-1907), a holy fool from
13:
1:
1497:
1220:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
1034:Autism: Explaining the Enigma
84:derives from the writings of
1253:Knopf Doubleday Publishing.
578:St Xenia of Saint Petersburg
483:, who is considered to be a
7:
1422:"The Way of the Holy Fools"
891:
333:, an early follower of the
315:Some ascetics are known as
10:
1656:
1301:Rosenshiels, Gary (2003).
584:Common phrases or epithets
187:early ages of Christianity
1202:Harvard Divinity Bulletin
1045:Hudleston, Dom R. (1953)
800:Childhood. Boyhood. Youth
661:Harvard Divinity Bulletin
655:, author and chairman of
636:titled his autobiography
61:
53:
1274:Volkov, Solomon (2010).
1247:Volkov, Solomon (2007).
950:
898:Andrew of Constantinople
568:, who gives his name to
427:, being believed to be
1523:Russia and the Russians
1328:Grayling, A.C. (2010).
921:, the "Fool-For-Christ"
900:, the "Fool-for-Christ"
863:At Home Among Strangers
860:The character Kayom in
570:Saint Basil's Cathedral
564:, and most prominently
550:Russian Orthodox Church
473:Eastern Orthodox Church
358:Saint Basil's Cathedral
319:and are organised into
222:fools for Christ's sake
216:, which famously says:
1540:Yurodstvo, by S.Kobets
1388:Frank, Joseph (2010).
1355:Frank, Joseph (2010).
1280:. Simon and Schuster.
789:The Brothers Karamazov
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599:
526:
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462:The Soul of the People
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290:Blessed Peter of Trevi
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178:
46:Foolishness for Christ
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1635:Christian terminology
1600:Holy Fools for Christ
1115:The Way of God's Will
989:Les Fols en Christ...
940:Sign of contradiction
904:Benedict Joseph Labre
721:in art and literature
709:
646:Greek Orthodox Church
613:The Way of God's Will
591:
566:Basil Fool for Christ
521:
460:
371:
354:Basil Fool for Christ
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298:Benedict Joseph Labre
272:Benedict Joseph Labre
270:
169:
35:Basil Fool for Christ
33:
1620:Christian asceticism
1424:. 22 September 2008.
975:Parry (1999), p. 233
935:Nicholas the Pilgrim
783:Crime and Punishment
675:across the belly of
345:Eastern Christianity
263:Western Christianity
54:διά Χριστόν σαλότητα
1117:Chapter 3. Leaders"
1032:Frith, Uta. (1989)
746:The Bronze Horseman
624:Christopher Edwards
562:Procopius of Ustyug
1562:Marius Kociejowski
1204:, November 6, 2007
1196:2009-02-11 at the
945:Jerusalem syndrome
909:David the Dendrite
741:Mussorgsky's opera
600:
527:
469:
393:(юродивый) is the
387:
366:
302:Salaun of Brittany
275:
256:1 Corinthians 1:21
247:1 Corinthians 1:18
238:1 Corinthians 3:19
214:1 Corinthians 4:10
179:
96:(or iurodstvo) of
43:
1515:978-0-631-23203-2
930:Mast (Meher Baba)
657:Boston University
651:In the same year
535:Holy Roman Empire
389:The Holy Fool or
325:Francis of Assisi
305:Ludovico Morbioli
279:Nicholas of Trani
194:Anthony the Great
16:(Redirected from
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1640:Biblical phrases
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681:speak in tongues
653:Stephen Prothero
632:In 2007, author
560:, starting from
541:, then moved to
524:Mikhail Nesterov
500:Muscovite Russia
477:Isidora Barankis
466:Mikhail Nesterov
399:Eastern Orthodox
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321:mendicant orders
309:Casimiro Barello
294:Teobaldo Roggeri
283:Peter of Foligno
200:Paul the Apostle
192:By the words of
183:imitating Christ
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1498:References
1233:2014-03-19
1177:2012-01-04
1152:2012-01-04
1127:2012-01-04
1098:2012-01-04
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838:The Island
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