32:
39:
230:. The eastern ridge is 70 kilometres (43 mi) long and rises to a depth of 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) below sea level, the central ridge is 207 kilometres (129 mi) long and rises to a depth of 100 metres (330 ft) below sea level, the western ridge is 50 kilometres (31 mi) long and rises to a depth of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) below sea level. The central ridge formed an island in the past.
327:. Petrological differences between the volcanoes formed by this hotspot and the Hollister Ridge make this hypothesis problematic, as are misfits between the reconstructed path of the Louisville hotspot and the position of the Hollister Ridge. Even later plate reconstructions have endorsed this model of origin.
386:
has yielded ages ranging from a mean age of 2.531 ± 0.036 million years ago for the western ridge over 0.487 ± 0.03 million years ago and 0.343 ± 0.008 million years ago for the eastern ridge to 91,000 ± 12,000 and 0 years ago for the central ridge. This implies that volcanism is still active at the
369:
One variation of the "lineament" theory posits that the ridge at first was built by magma ascending through crustal weaknesses; later material from the
Louisville hotspot flowed south towards the Hollister Ridge and increasingly interacted with the lineament, thus influencing the composition of the
870:
Castillo, Paterno R.; Natland, James H.; Niu, Yaoling; Lonsdale, Peter F. (January 1998). "Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic variation along the
Pacific–Antarctic risecrest, 53–57°S: Implications for the composition and dynamics of the South Pacific upper mantle".
362:. Such lineaments may be produced by tectonic stresses related to crustal spreading; this theory is supported by the geometry of the Hollister Ridge and the ages of its components. There may be some influence by the Louisville hotspot.
918:
Géli, Louis; Aslanian, Daniel; Olivet, Jean-Louis; Vlastelic, Ivan; Dosso, Laure; Guillou, Hervé; Bougault, Henri (December 1998). "Location of
Louisville hotspot and origin of Hollister Ridge: geophysical constraints".
1069:
Vlastelic, I.; Dosso, L.; Guillou, H.; Bougault, H.; Geli, L.; Etoubleau, J.; Joron, J.L. (August 1998). "Geochemistry of the
Hollister Ridge: relation with the Louisville hotspot and the Pacific–Antarctic Ridge".
406:
and biological origins were considered unlikely sources for the swarm, and it is thus interpreted to be a volcanic swarm. The acoustic swarm may have resulted from the interaction between seawater and a subaqueous
226:. It consists of three separate ridges which are lined up in east-southeast to north-northwest direction, starting from the axis of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge and ending in the direction of the
344:
may be flowing from the
Louisville hotspot to the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. Seamounts and aseismic ridges have been observed in other regions of the world where such flow is expected to occur.
242:, the Heezen, Tharp and Hollister fracture zones, extend northwestward across the seafloor northeast of the Hollister Ridge; at least the first two are considered to be part of the
250:
lies south of the
Hollister Ridge, and even farther south lies the Udintsev fracture zone. The Pacific-Antarctic Ridge close to the Hollister Ridge is the site of an isolated
1127:
651:
994:
157:
that form a line; one of the ridges rises to a depth of 100 metres (330 ft) and in the past formed an island. The seamounts are composed out of
391:
215:
31:
172:
The origin of the
Hollister Ridge is unclear, with various proposed mechanisms involving the neighbouring Pacific-Antarctic Ridge and
297:
1122:
1036:"Initiation of a plume-ridge interaction in the South Pacific recorded by high-precision Pb isotopes along Hollister Ridge"
956:
Okal, Emile A.; Langenhorst, Amy R. (May 2000). "Seismic properties of the
Eltanin Transform System, South Pacific".
74:
390:
There is evidence of historical eruptions at the
Hollister Ridge. Between 10 March 1991 and 12 June 1992 a strong
1117:
995:"Monochromatic T waves from underwater volcanoes in the pacific ocean: Ringing witnesses to geyser processes?"
374:
thickness across the
Eltanin fracture zone would divert the mantle flow from the Louisville hotspot southward.
334:", which however is not consistent with the geometry of the ridge (which is at an angle to the motion of the
238:
The ridge rises from a seafloor whose age decreases from 7-8 to 0-1 million years ago southeastward. Three
67:
227:
893:
169:
in 1991-1992 is considered to be the manifestation of a historical eruption of the Hollister Ridge.
442:
447:
223:
198:
150:
888:
715:
Peive, A. A. (1 July 2007). "Linear volcanic chains in oceans: Possible formation mechanisms".
243:
1083:
932:
884:
1079:
1047:
1006:
965:
928:
880:
724:
8:
403:
111:
1051:
1010:
969:
728:
748:
412:
383:
324:
177:
1091:
977:
940:
902:
1095:
1022:
981:
944:
906:
752:
740:
366:
changes in the plate motion patterns of the region may have generated the lineaments.
331:
203:
1087:
1055:
1014:
973:
936:
898:
732:
659:
399:
359:
506:
504:
351:
173:
161:
and other rocks and their ages range from about 2.5 million years ago to latest
788:
786:
501:
437:
736:
525:
523:
521:
519:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
1111:
1099:
1026:
985:
948:
910:
744:
395:
341:
335:
269:
239:
219:
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146:
89:
76:
798:
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684:
633:
631:
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589:
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454:
387:
central ridge, which is also the shallowest sector of the Hollister Ridge.
371:
16:
Group of seamounts in the Pacific Ocean west of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
1060:
1035:
771:
696:
628:
313:
162:
120:
547:
477:
305:
247:
189:
408:
347:
301:
289:
281:
258:
193:
127:
664:
652:"Plate velocities in hotspot reference frame: electronic supplement"
363:
273:
142:
116:
606:
604:
402:
and its source identified with a segment of the Hollister Ridge.
338:). Such a mini-hotspot may be a branch of the Louisville hotspot.
309:
293:
285:
277:
202:
in 1965 and first named "Hollister Ridge" in a 1995 publication.
265:
158:
601:
1068:
846:
834:
822:
810:
804:
792:
690:
622:
595:
577:
567:
565:
529:
510:
489:
471:
355:
319:
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain its origin:
255:
251:
154:
759:
672:
917:
702:
637:
556:
535:
869:
777:
562:
483:
411:; the acoustic patterns are not consistent with a simple
993:
Talandier, Jacques; Okal, Emile A. (1 October 1996).
264:
Rocks sampled from the Hollister Ridge have yielded
254:anomaly which has been interpreted as a product of
323:The ridge may be the present-day location of the
1109:
999:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
643:
955:
650:Morgan, W. Jason; Morgan, Jason Phipps (2007).
610:
495:
1033:
765:
678:
571:
541:
209:
992:
852:
840:
828:
816:
583:
165:; an acoustic swarm recorded in the southern
1128:Former islands from the last glacial maximum
958:Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
649:
1034:Vlastélic, Ivan; Dosso, Laure (May 2005).
1059:
892:
708:
663:
38:
1110:
714:
432:
430:
428:
1040:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
1072:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
921:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
873:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
378:
188:The ridge was discovered either by
13:
425:
14:
1139:
206:were taken at the ridge in 1996.
176:weaknesses, but most involve the
37:
30:
46:Hollister Ridge (Pacific Ocean)
1123:Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean
1:
1092:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00127-7
978:10.1016/S0031-9201(99)00169-7
941:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00217-9
903:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00172-6
418:
394:was recorded in the southern
292:transported to the ridge by
7:
611:Okal & Langenhorst 2000
496:Okal & Langenhorst 2000
210:Geography and geomorphology
10:
1144:
862:
766:Vlastélic & Dosso 2005
679:Vlastélic & Dosso 2005
572:Vlastélic & Dosso 2005
542:Vlastélic & Dosso 2005
233:
214:The Hollister Ridge is an
183:
853:Talandier & Okal 1996
841:Talandier & Okal 1996
829:Talandier & Okal 1996
817:Talandier & Okal 1996
737:10.1134/S0016852107040024
584:Talandier & Okal 1996
398:from several stations in
370:ridge rocks. A change in
296:. The basalts range from
228:Louisville seamount chain
149:. They lie west from the
126:
110:
105:
66:
61:
53:
26:
21:
443:Global Volcanism Program
288:, which are most likely
196:or by the research ship
57:100 metres (330 ft)
1084:1998E&PSL.160..777V
933:1998E&PSL.164...31G
885:1998E&PSL.154..109C
448:Smithsonian Institution
224:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
151:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
1019:10.1785/BSSA0860051529
354:allowed the ascent of
1118:Pleistocene volcanism
805:Vlastelic et al. 1998
793:Vlastelic et al. 1998
691:Vlastelic et al. 1998
623:Vlastelic et al. 1998
596:Vlastelic et al. 1998
530:Vlastelic et al. 1998
511:Vlastelic et al. 1998
472:Vlastelic et al. 1998
244:Eltanin fracture zone
1061:10.1029/2004GC000902
778:Castillo et al. 1998
484:Castillo et al. 1998
1052:2005GGG.....6.5011V
1011:1996BuSSA..86.1529T
970:2000PEPI..119..185O
729:2007Geote..41..281P
86: /
513:, p. 778,779.
413:explosive eruption
384:Argon-argon dating
325:Louisville hotspot
178:Louisville hotspot
90:53.998°S 139.845°W
438:"Hollister Ridge"
136:
135:
95:-53.998; -139.845
1135:
1103:
1078:(3–4): 777–793.
1065:
1063:
1030:
989:
964:(3–4): 185–208.
952:
914:
896:
879:(1–4): 109–125.
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
756:
712:
706:
703:GĂ©li et al. 1998
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694:
688:
682:
676:
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669:
667:
647:
641:
638:GĂ©li et al. 1998
635:
626:
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599:
593:
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581:
575:
569:
560:
557:GĂ©li et al. 1998
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539:
533:
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508:
499:
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487:
481:
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469:
452:
451:
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400:French Polynesia
379:Eruptive history
101:
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40:
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18:
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1108:
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894:10.1.1.331.8707
865:
860:
859:
855:, p. 1542.
851:
847:
843:, p. 1536.
839:
835:
831:, p. 1532.
827:
823:
819:, p. 1530.
815:
811:
803:
799:
791:
784:
776:
772:
764:
760:
713:
709:
701:
697:
689:
685:
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673:
665:10.1130/2007090
648:
644:
636:
629:
621:
617:
609:
602:
594:
590:
586:, p. 1533.
582:
578:
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563:
555:
548:
540:
536:
528:
517:
509:
502:
494:
490:
482:
478:
470:
455:
436:
435:
426:
421:
381:
236:
212:
186:
153:and form three
139:Hollister Ridge
94:
92:
88:
85:
80:
77:
75:
73:
72:
49:
48:
47:
44:
43:
42:
22:Hollister Ridge
17:
12:
11:
5:
1141:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1105:
1104:
1066:
1031:
990:
953:
927:(1–2): 31–40.
915:
866:
864:
861:
858:
857:
845:
833:
821:
809:
807:, p. 781.
797:
795:, p. 783.
782:
780:, p. 121.
770:
758:
707:
695:
693:, p. 791.
683:
671:
656:geosociety.org
642:
627:
625:, p. 792.
615:
613:, p. 186.
600:
598:, p. 780.
588:
576:
561:
546:
534:
532:, p. 779.
515:
500:
498:, p. 185.
488:
486:, p. 111.
476:
474:, p. 777.
453:
423:
422:
420:
417:
392:acoustic swarm
380:
377:
376:
375:
367:
345:
339:
328:
270:alkali basalts
240:fracture zones
235:
232:
222:, west of the
216:aseismic ridge
211:
208:
185:
182:
141:is a group of
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133:
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123:
114:
108:
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102:
70:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1037:
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1024:
1020:
1016:
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1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
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959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
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849:
842:
837:
830:
825:
818:
813:
806:
801:
794:
789:
787:
779:
774:
768:, p. 12.
767:
762:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
711:
705:, p. 37.
704:
699:
692:
687:
681:, p. 10.
680:
675:
666:
661:
657:
653:
646:
640:, p. 32.
639:
634:
632:
624:
619:
612:
607:
605:
597:
592:
585:
580:
573:
568:
566:
559:, p. 35.
558:
553:
551:
544:, p. 11.
543:
538:
531:
526:
524:
522:
520:
512:
507:
505:
497:
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485:
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468:
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449:
445:
444:
439:
433:
431:
429:
424:
416:
414:
410:
405:
404:Anthropogenic
401:
397:
396:Pacific Ocean
393:
388:
385:
373:
368:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
343:
342:Asthenosphere
340:
337:
336:Pacific Plate
333:
329:
326:
322:
321:
320:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
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249:
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241:
231:
229:
225:
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220:Pacific Ocean
217:
207:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
181:
180:in some way.
179:
175:
170:
168:
167:Pacific Ocean
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:Pacific Ocean
144:
140:
131:
129:
128:Last activity
125:
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118:
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109:
104:
99:
71:
69:
65:
60:
56:
52:
33:
25:
20:
1075:
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1002:
998:
961:
957:
924:
920:
876:
872:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
773:
761:
720:
717:Geotectonics
716:
710:
698:
686:
674:
655:
645:
618:
591:
579:
574:, p. 2.
537:
491:
479:
441:
389:
382:
372:lithospheric
318:
304:and contain
263:
237:
213:
204:Rock samples
197:
187:
171:
138:
137:
54:Summit depth
1005:(5): 1529.
314:plagioclase
306:phenocrysts
284:as well as
163:Pleistocene
121:Pleistocene
112:Age of rock
93: /
81:139°50′42″W
68:Coordinates
1112:Categories
1046:(5): n/a.
723:(4): 288.
419:References
348:Lineaments
290:dropstones
282:tholeiites
194:satellites
190:gravimetry
78:53°59′53″S
1100:0012-821X
1027:0037-1106
986:0031-9201
949:0012-821X
911:0012-821X
889:CiteSeerX
753:128409663
745:0016-8521
658:: 55–57.
409:lava lake
358:from the
302:porphyric
274:hawaiites
259:upwelling
143:seamounts
132:1991-1992
364:Pliocene
330:A "mini-
294:icebergs
286:granites
278:picrites
256:magmatic
159:basaltic
117:Pliocene
62:Location
1080:Bibcode
1048:Bibcode
1007:Bibcode
966:Bibcode
929:Bibcode
881:Bibcode
863:Sources
725:Bibcode
350:in the
332:hotspot
310:olivine
298:aphyric
266:basalts
234:Geology
218:in the
199:Eltanin
184:History
174:crustal
145:in the
106:Geology
1098:
1025:
984:
947:
909:
891:
751:
743:
360:mantle
155:ridges
749:S2CID
356:magma
352:crust
252:geoid
248:scarp
192:from
1096:ISSN
1023:ISSN
982:ISSN
945:ISSN
907:ISSN
741:ISSN
312:and
280:and
246:. A
1088:doi
1076:160
1056:doi
1015:doi
974:doi
962:119
937:doi
925:164
899:doi
877:154
733:doi
660:doi
308:of
300:to
1114::
1094:.
1086:.
1074:.
1054:.
1042:.
1038:.
1021:.
1013:.
1003:86
1001:.
997:.
980:.
972:.
960:.
943:.
935:.
923:.
905:.
897:.
887:.
875:.
785:^
747:.
739:.
731:.
721:41
719:.
654:.
630:^
603:^
564:^
549:^
518:^
503:^
456:^
446:.
440:.
427:^
415:.
316:.
276:,
272:,
268:,
261:.
1102:.
1090::
1082::
1064:.
1058::
1050::
1044:6
1029:.
1017::
1009::
988:.
976::
968::
951:.
939::
931::
913:.
901::
883::
755:.
735::
727::
668:.
662::
450:.
119:-
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