683:
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556:
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568:
28:
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1341:
97:
separated the
Pacific and Antarctic plates between about 84 to 61 million years ago. Until about 33 million years ago, the Proto-Antipodes Fracture Zone well to the south separated two independent spreading centers, now merged, being the Antarctic–Pacific Ridge and that of the Antarctic–Campbell
21:
Approximate surface projection on
Pacific Ocean of Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (purple). Features associated with fracture zones (orange) are also shown (lighter orange). Click to expand map to obtain interactive fracture zone
227:
Geli, L; Bougault, H; Aslanian, D; Briais, A; Dosso, L; Etoubleau, J; Le Formal, JP; Maia, M; Ondreas, H; Olivet, JL; Richardson, C (1997). "Evolution of the
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge South of the Udintsev Fracture Zone".
78:
The divergence rate between the two plates along the ridge is believed to vary from about 5.4 centimetres per year (2.1 in/year) near 65°S to 7.4 centimetres per year (2.9 in/year) near the
64:
682:
79:
344:
Cande, S. C.; Raymond, C. A.; Stock, J.; Haxby, W. F. (1995). "Geophysics of the Pitman
Fracture Zone and Pacific-Antarctic plate motions during the Cenozoic".
260:"Structure and breakup history of the rifted margin of West Antarctica in relation to Cretaceous separation from Zealandia and Bellingshausen plate motion"
1404:
1399:
402:
124:– the longest such chain in the Pacific – thought to have formed from the Pacific Plate sliding over a long-lived center of upwelling
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Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PAR, Antarctic
Pacific Ridge, South Pacific Rise, South Pacific Ridge)
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709:
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430:
319:"Isotopic evidence for a hotspot origin of the Louisville Seamount Chain"
276:
259:
72:
116:
which intersects the
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge to the Osbourn Seamount at
1143:
1100:
1304:
567:
555:
1115:
27:
380:
90:
583:
125:
120:
and
Kermadec Junction is a long line of seamounts called the
117:
31:
The
Pacific-Antarctic Ridge is the southern extension of the
257:
226:
170:
General citations for named fracture zones are at page
258:
Wobbe, F; Gohl, K; Chambord, A; Sutherland, R (2012).
16:Tectonic plate boundary in the South Pacific Ocean
174:and specific citations are in interactive detail.
112:Stretching for 4,300 km north-west from the
59:. It is regarded as the southern section of the
1391:
599:
396:
253:
251:
1316:
606:
592:
403:
389:
185:"Marine Gazetteer:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge"
275:
248:
164:
26:
1405:Underwater ridges of the Southern Ocean
290:
220:
101:
63:in some usages, generally south of the
1400:Underwater ridges of the Pacific Ocean
1392:
587:
384:
47:located on the seafloor of the South
1340:
410:
264:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
613:
284:
198:
152:List of tectonic plate interactions
13:
337:
311:
14:
1421:
45:divergent tectonic plate boundary
1339:
1328:
1327:
1315:
1303:
681:
566:
554:
489:
172:Knowledge:Map data/Fracture zone
93:. To the southeast the historic
1231:South American–Antarctic Ridge
297:. American Geophysical Union.
294:Seamounts, Islands, and Atolls
177:
1:
1410:Geology of the Southern Ocean
242:10.1126/science.278.5341.1281
157:
366:10.1126/science.270.5238.947
291:Keating, Barbara H. (1987).
85:The ridge is related to the
7:
135:
10:
1426:
1184:Galápagos Spreading Center
105:
1297:
1249:
1134:
1051:
778:
690:
679:
621:
549:
498:
487:
418:
206:"Pacific-Antarctic Ridge"
69:Macquarie Triple Junction
1376:61.999555°S 157.000165°W
471:South American-Antarctic
65:Challenger Fracture Zone
1381:-61.999555; -157.000165
1226:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
1279:Pacific-Farallon Ridge
1251:Ancient oceanic ridges
1241:Southwest Indian Ridge
1236:Southeast Indian Ridge
973:Philippine Mobile Belt
80:Udintsev Fracture Zone
67:and stretching to the
36:
30:
1154:Central Indian Ridge
277:10.1029/2011GC003742
208:. www.britannica.com
114:Eltanin Fault System
102:The Louisville Ridge
95:Bellingshausen Plate
1372: /
1269:Kula-Farallon Ridge
358:1995Sci...270..947C
236:(5341): 1281–1284.
1310:Geology portal
1284:Pacific-Kula Ridge
1274:Mid-Labrador Ridge
1199:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
1194:Juan de Fuca Ridge
561:Geology portal
130:Louisville hotspot
37:
1355:
1354:
1169:East Pacific Rise
581:
580:
573:Oceans portal
516:Antarctic-Phoenix
466:Pacific-Antarctic
352:(5238): 947–953.
61:East Pacific Rise
51:, separating the
33:East Pacific Rise
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1384:
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1382:
1377:
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1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1343:
1342:
1331:
1330:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1307:
1209:Kolbeinsey Ridge
685:
608:
601:
594:
585:
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571:
570:
559:
558:
536:Pacific-Farallon
493:
481:Southwest Indian
476:Southeast Indian
412:Mid-ocean ridges
405:
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122:Louisville Ridge
108:Louisville Ridge
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1219:Reykjanes Ridge
1204:Knipovich Ridge
1149:Carlsberg Ridge
1130:
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953:North Galápagos
774:
686:
677:
646:Indo-Australian
617:
615:Tectonic plates
612:
582:
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340:
338:Further reading
335:
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142:Hollister Ridge
138:
110:
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87:Late Cretaceous
57:Antarctic Plate
25:
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1174:Explorer Ridge
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1136:Oceanic ridges
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1066:Bellingshausen
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1053:Ancient plates
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1008:South Bismarck
1005:
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948:North Bismarck
945:
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920:
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888:Juan Fernández
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531:Osbourn Trough
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426:Central Indian
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106:Main article:
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1289:Phoenix Ridge
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831:
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803:Balmoral Reef
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521:Kula-Farallon
519:
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321:. www.agu.org
320:
314:
306:
304:0-87590-068-2
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153:
150:
148:
147:Oceanic ridge
145:
143:
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133:
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127:
123:
119:
115:
109:
99:
96:
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88:
83:
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54:
53:Pacific Plate
50:
49:Pacific Ocean
46:
42:
34:
29:
1357:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1301:
1225:
1179:Gakkel Ridge
1091:Intermontane
883:Juan de Fuca
740:New Hebrides
692:Minor plates
623:Major plates
541:Pacific-Kula
526:Mid-Labrador
465:
461:Mid-Atlantic
456:Juan de Fuca
436:East Pacific
349:
345:
323:. Retrieved
313:
293:
286:
267:
263:
233:
229:
222:
210:. Retrieved
200:
188:. Retrieved
179:
166:
111:
84:
77:
40:
38:
1379: /
1367:157°00′01″W
1264:Alpha Ridge
1259:Aegir Ridge
1214:Mohns Ridge
1189:Gorda Ridge
1164:Cocos Ridge
1159:Chile Ridge
1003:Solomon Sea
943:North Andes
933:Molucca Sea
828:Conway Reef
813:Bird's Head
780:Microplates
128:called the
89:breakup of
73:New Zealand
1394:Categories
1364:61°59′58″S
1144:Aden Ridge
993:Seychelles
908:Madagascar
793:Aegean Sea
750:Philippine
651:Australian
190:6 November
158:References
55:from the
1033:Trobriand
938:Niuafo’ou
893:Kerguelen
868:Halmahera
863:Greenland
848:Galápagos
818:Capricorn
808:Banda Sea
798:Anatolian
715:Caribbean
636:Antarctic
374:128877575
98:Plateau.
82:at 55°S.
71:south of
1334:Category
1126:Kshiroda
1111:Malvinas
1081:Farallon
1076:Cimmeria
1043:Woodlark
1038:Victoria
998:Shetland
898:Kermadec
838:Explorer
788:Adriatic
720:Caroline
641:Eurasian
441:Explorer
136:See also
91:Gondwana
22:details.
1346:Commons
1121:Phoenix
1096:Izanagi
1086:Insular
1071:Charcot
988:Sangihe
958:Okinawa
928:Mariana
913:Malpelo
903:Lwandle
878:Iranian
873:Iberian
770:Yangtze
745:Okhotsk
705:Arabian
700:Amurian
668:Pacific
631:African
419:Present
354:Bibcode
346:Science
325:5 April
230:Science
212:5 April
1061:Baltic
983:Rovuma
978:Rivera
963:Panama
853:Gonâve
843:Futuna
833:Easter
760:Somali
755:Scotia
730:Indian
656:Indian
499:Former
446:Gakkel
372:
301:
1106:Lhasa
1028:Tonga
1023:Tisza
1018:Timor
968:Pelso
923:Maoke
918:Manus
858:Gorda
823:Coiba
765:Sunda
735:Nazca
725:Cocos
710:Burma
511:Alpha
506:Aegir
451:Gorda
431:Chile
370:S2CID
270:(4).
126:magma
118:Tonga
43:is a
1322:List
1101:Kula
327:2013
299:ISBN
214:2013
192:2023
39:The
1116:Moa
362:doi
350:270
272:doi
238:doi
234:278
1396::
368:.
360:.
348:.
268:13
266:.
262:.
250:^
232:.
132:.
75:.
607:e
600:t
593:v
404:e
397:t
390:v
376:.
364::
356::
329:.
307:.
280:.
274::
244:.
240::
216:.
194:.
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
